Megan Yu

Erica Wilson
Leslie Ayala
Bella Newman
Period 2
2/26/2016
Unit 6 Summative: Distinguishing Between 4 Solutions
Research (Megan)
1. Copper (II) Chloride
a. Lead (II) Nitrate:
i.
CuCl2(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) PbCl2(aq) + Cu(NO3)2(aq)
ii.
No reaction
b. Silver Nitrate:
i.
CuCl2(aq) + 2AgNO3(aq) 2AgCl(s) + Cu(NO3)2(aq)
ii.
NIE: Ag1+(aq) + Cl1-(aq) AgCl(s)
iii.
Precipitate: AgCl(s); silver chloride; white color
c. Sodium Hydroxide:
i.
CuCl2(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) 2NaCl(aq) + Cu(OH)2(s)
ii.
NIE: Cu2+(aq) + 2OH1-(aq) Cu(OH)2(s)
iii.
Precipitate: Cu(OH)2(s); copper (II) hydroxide; blue
to blue-green color
2. Copper (II) Bromide
a. Lead (II) Nitrate:
i.
CuBr2(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) PbBr2(s) + Cu(NO3)2(aq)
ii.
NIE: Pb2+(aq) + 2Br1-(aq) PbBr2(s)
iii.
Precipitate: PbBr2(s); lead (II) bromide; white to
yellow color
b. Silver Nitrate:
i.
CuBr2(aq) + 2AgNO3(aq) 2AgBr(s) + Cu(NO3)2(aq)
ii.
NIE: Ag1+(aq) + Br1-(aq) AgBr(s)
iii.
Precipitate: AgBr(silver bromide; creamy color
c. Sodium Hydroxide:
i.
CuBr2(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) 2NaBr(aq) + Cu(OH)2(s)
ii.
NIE: Cu2+(aq) + 2OH1-(aq) Cu(OH)2(s)
iii.
Precipitate: Cu(OH)2(s); copper (II) hydroxide; blue
to blue-green color
3. Copper (II) Sulfate
a. Lead (II) Nitrate:
i.
CuSO4(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) PbSO4(s) +
Cu(NO3)2(aq)
ii.
NIE: Pb2+(aq) + SO42-(aq) PbSO4(s)
iii.
Precipitate: PbSO4(s); lead (II) sulfate; white color
b. Silver Nitrate:
i.
CuSO4(aq) + 2AgNO3(aq) Ag2SO4(aq) +
Cu(NO3)2(aq)
ii.
No reaction

c. Sodium Hydroxide:
i.
CuSO4(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) Na2SO4(aq) + Cu(OH)2(s)
ii.
NIE: Cu2+(aq) + 2OH1-(aq) Cu(OH)2(s)
iii.
Precipitate: Cu(OH)2(s); copper (II) hydroxide; blue
to blue-green color
4. Copper (II) Nitrate
a. Lead (II) Nitrate:
i.
Cu(NO3)2(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) Pb(NO3)2(aq) +
Cu(NO3)2(aq)
ii.
No reaction
b. Silver Nitrate:
i.
Cu(NO3)2(aq) + AgNO3(aq) AgNO3(aq) +
Cu(NO3)2(aq)
ii.
No reaction
c. Sodium Hydroxide:
i.
Cu(NO3)2(aq) + NaOH(aq) NaNO3(aq) +
Cu(OH)2(s)
ii.
NIE: Cu2+(aq) + 2OH1-(aq) Cu(OH)2(s)
iii.
Precipitate: Cu(OH)2(s); copper (II) hydroxide; blue
to blue-green color
Materials & Diagram (Megan)
1. Goggles
2. 1 spot plate
3. 7 pipettes (1 for each solution listed below)
4. About 1 pipette full of each solution listed below:
a. Lead (II) nitrate (Pb(NO3)2)
b. Silver nitrate (AgNO3)
c. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
d. Copper (II) chloride (CuCl2)
e. Copper (II) bromide (CuBr2)
f. Copper (II) sulfate (CuSO4)
g. Copper (II) nitrate (Cu(NO3)2)

Procedure (Megan)
1. Gather all the materials listed above.
2. Using their corresponding pipettes, put four drops of each of the blue solutions in
differents spots on the spot plate. Make sure to keep track of which one is B1, B2, B3,
and B4. Take the silver nitrate pipette and drop four drops of the solution into each one
of the blue solutions. Keep note of which ones reacted and which ones didnt.
3. Rinse out the spot plate, and put four more drops of each solution into different
spots on the spot plate, using corresponding pipettes. For the two that didnt react, put
four drops of lead (II) nitrate into those two. The one that didnt react is the copper (II)
nitrate, while the one that did react is the copper (II) sulfate.
4. Using the two solutions that did react to the silver nitrate in step 2, put four drops
of lead (II) nitrate into the two of them. The one that didnt react is the copper (II)
chloride, while the one that did react is the copper (II) bromide.
5. Repeat steps 2 through 4 at least three more trials.
Data Observations with Drawings (Erica)
We put all four solutions in four separate corners of the spot plate in order for us to keep
track easier. We made sure to continue to keep each solution in the same spot every time.
When we added the silver nitrate to the copper (II) chloride, it turned a whitish color and it was
very noticeable. The copper (II) chloride had no reaction with the lead (II) nitrate. The copper (II)
chloride also reacted with the sodium hydroxide which turned into a blue-green color.
To continue, the copper (II) bromide reacted with the lead (II) nitrate in order to turn into
a whitish, yellowish color. Copper (II) bromide also reacted with silver nitrate to turn into a
creamy color instead of colorless. Along with reacting the silver nitrate and the lead (II) nitrate,
the copper (II) bromide reacted with the sodium hydroxide in order to also turn into a blue/bluegreen color.
The next solution is copper (II) sulfate which reacted with lead (II) nitrate in order to turn
to a white color. It then had no reaction with silver nitrate. The copper (II) sulfate reacted with
the sodium hydroxide to turn a blue-green color.
Lastly, the copper (II) nitrate didnt react with lead (II) nitrate nor the silver nitrate, but did
react with the sodium hydroxide to form a blue-green color. All four blue solutions reacted with
the sodium hydroxide, and they all formed the same precipitate which was copper (II) hydroxide.
However, because each one reacted differently to the different solutions, we could easily tell
which solution was which by just doing 3 tests.
[drawings are on the next two pages]

Analysis of Results (Leslie)

There were a variety of ways we could have identified each of the blue solutions, but we
ended up utilizing a specific way. First, we tried to balance all the equations we created with the
blue solutions (copper (II) chloride, copper (II) bromide, copper (II) sulfate, and copper (II)
nitrate) and the lead (II) nitrate, silver nitrate, and sodium hydroxide. After balancing the
equations, we came to conclusion that copper (II) bromide reacted with all the solutions we
tested it with (which was lead(II) nitrate, silver nitrate, and sodium hydroxide.) On the other
hand, copper (II) chloride reacted with all of the test solutions, but lead (II) nitrate. Also, copper
(II) sulfate could only react to lead (II) nitrate and sodium hydroxide because it wouldnt react to
silver nitrate due to the fact that both create an aqueous solution. The last solution, copper (II)
nitrate, reacted to sodium hydroxide, but didnt react to silver nitrate nor lead (II) nitrate, which
was also due to the fact that they created aqueous solutions. Having that information, we could
experiment which blue solutions react to what test solutions and what blue solutions dont react
to what test solutions.
Following our procedure listed above, we started to test the blue solutions with the test
solutions to figure out which one was which. First off, we started with putting silver nitrate in all
four blue solutions to see which ones react and which ones dont react. When we first added the
silver nitrate, two reacted (B1 and B2) and two didnt (B3 and B4). With that information, we
then added lead (II) nitrate to the two blue solutions that did react (B1 and B2). Out of the two

blue solutions that did react (B1 and B2), one reacted to the lead (II) nitrate, which was B1,
meaning that B1 was copper (II) bromide and that B2 was copper (II) chloride. Now, if we go
back to the ones that didnt react (B3 and B4), we added lead (II) nitrate and the only one
reacted, which was B4, meaning that B4 was copper (II) sulfate and B3 was copper (II) nitrate.
In conclusion, we used this technique to determine and help our friend figure out which
blue solutions were which, utilizing the test solutions we hand in the palm of our hands. The
purpose of the lab was to find the answer to our problem and our problem was not knowing
which blue solutions were which. We believed that using the test solutions we had in the palm of
our hands would help us figure out which blue solutions were which and we did figure it out
using the scientific concepts we are learning about chemistry. We started with balancing the
equations, seeing which ones would react and which ones wouldn't. Then, after testing and
figuring it all out, we concluded that B1 was copper (II) bromide (CuBr2), B2 was copper (II)
chloride (CuCl2), B3 was copper (II) nitrate (Cu(NO3)2), and B4 was copper (II) sulfate (CuSO4).