Benjamin Toths

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BIG Idea

Content
Vocabulary

Content
Standards

Important
People

Key Places &

Concepts

Sources

Group
Activity!

Exit Tool

Key Places and Concepts

Russia

New Economic
Policy

Five Year Plans

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Politburo

Russia

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Key Places &

Concepts

During the 1930s, Russia was a fully communist and beginning to be

military and industrial centric regime under Joseph Stalin, whose rule
would position Russia to be one of the most dominant countries in
the world.

Did you know?

Russia took on the symbol of a

sickle and hammer to represent its
communist ideals, which were
intended to represent the
dominance of the working class
over the capitalistic elite, the
opposite of its one-time western
allies.

New Economic Policy

The New Economic Policy, or NEP for short, was a modified version of
the old capitalistic system used by Russia before the Communist
Revolution. This allowed farmers to sell a portion of their own crop for
profit so the government could hold onto power in an economy
that had been on the decline.

Did you know?

Although Russia appeared to be

reverting to policies that the
Soviets had claimed were western
and inferior to their new systems,
the communist regime still
ultimately controlled most of the
economic ventures of its country.

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Key Places &
Concepts

Politburo

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Key Places &

Concepts

In Russian and Soviet history, the Politburo was the supreme policymaking body of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

Did you know?

The Politburo was where all major

laws and policies were created
and implemented of the USSR
throughout the course of its history.

Five Year Plans

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Key Places &

Concepts

The Five Year Plans were a Soviet implementation under Joseph

Stalin designed to rapidly evolve Russias predominantly agricultural
economy into an industrial one, making Russia a dominant
powerhouse immediately prior to World War II.

Did you know?

Prior to the Five Year Plans, it is

unlikely Russia would have stood
much of a chance against Adolf
Hitlers conquest of Europe. The
USSR under Joseph Stalin would
bear most of the damage against
Nazi aggression in the 1940s.

Big Idea

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By 1939, many European countries had adopted dictatorial regimes

that aimed to control every aspect of their citizens lives for state goals.
These aspects included:

Political

Social

Economic
Cultural

Did you know?

Hitler youth were trained from a young age in complete

Obedience to the needs of the state and the defense of
Its goals in Nazi Germany.

Content Vocabulary
Totalitarian State

Fascism

Nazism

Collectivization

Aryan

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Totalitarian State

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Vocabulary

Totalitarian states were those that did away with individual freedoms in
the 1930s. People may have been prevented from interacting with
different groups of people, assets could be frozen and claimed by the
government, and rights were often restricted.

Fascism

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Vocabulary

an authoritarian and nationalistic right-wing system of government

and social organization.

Did you know?

A fascist regime is often

characterized by having a strong
central government led by one
leader with absolute power.

Nazism

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Vocabulary

a set of political beliefs associated with the Nazi Party of Germany. It

started in the 1920s. The Party gained power in 1933, starting the
Third Reich. They lasted in Germany until 1945, at the end of World
War II.

Did you know?

Nazism is actually an adaptation of

fascism which was inspired by
Benito Mussolini, however is had a
strong central emphasis on
cultivating the Aryan, or master
race.

Collectivization

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Vocabulary

A policy of forced consolidation of individual peasant households into collective farms

called kolkhozes as carried out by the Soviet government in the late 1920's - early
1930's.

Did you know?

Collectivization essentially seized

ownership of previously civilian
owned farms, often leaving
many people impoverished for
the needs of the Stalins
communist regime.

Aryan

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Vocabulary

Hitlers idea of a 'pure German race' or Herrenvolk. The 'Aryan

race' had a duty to control the world. The Nazis believed that the
Aryans had the most "pure blood" of all the people on earth.

Did you know?

Hitler did not fit the profile of his perceived idea of the pure
German race. He was short in stature, and had brown hair
And eyes rather than the ideal muscular, tall and strong male
With blonde hair and blue eyes.

Important People

Adolf Hitler

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Francisco Franco

Benito Mussolini

Joseph Stalin

Adolf Hitler

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Important People

Adolf Hitler was the leader of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. He
initiated World War II and oversaw fascist policies that resulted in
millions of deaths.

Did you know?

Adolf Hitler actually based many of his policies

on those of his mentor, Benito Mussolini, even
though Mussolinis regime never saw the
strength of Nazi Germany.

Benito Mussolini

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Important People

Benito Mussolini created the Fascist Party in Italy in 1919, eventually

making himself dictator prior to World War II. He was killed in 1945.

Did you know?

Benito Mussolini, while never as powerful as his

German counterpart Adolf Hitler, actually is
credited with beginning the fascist uprisings
throughout Europe. The idea of a strong
central nationalist government centering
around one person began with this infamous
figure in history.

Joseph Stalin

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Important People

Joseph Stalin (1878-1953) was the dictator of the Union of Soviet

Socialist Republics (USSR) from 1929 to 1953. Under Stalin, the Soviet
Union was transformed from a peasant society into an industrial and
military superpower. However, he ruled by terror, and millions of his
own citizens died during his brutal reign.

Did you know?

After World War II had ended and the threat of Adolf Hitler
and the Empire of Japan had come to an end, the USSR
under Stalin had become enemies with its previously allied
western powers. Even though a direct war was never fought
these tensions known as the Cold War would frame the
world into what it had become today.

Francisco Franco

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Important People

Francisco Franco led a successful military rebellion to overthrow the

Spanish democratic republic in the Spanish Civil War (19361939),
subsequently establishing his lasting dictatorship.

Did you know?

Francisco Franco, after having overthrown the

democratic republic and establishing his own
dictatorial rule, had largely been able to avoid
any involvement in World War II, maintaining a
stance of neutrality in the European theater.
*Neutrality in this case, neutrality is the state
of not taking a side in a conflict.

Content Standards
TOPIC:

Achievements and Crises (1900-1945) The first half of the 20th

century was one of rapid technological advances. It was a period
when the tensions between industrialized nations resulted in World
War I and set the stage for World War II. While World War II
transformed the balance of world power, it was the most destructive
and costly war in terms of human casualties and material resources
expended.

CONTENT STATEMENT:

15. The consequences of World War I and the worldwide depression

set the stage for the Russian Revolution, the rise of totalitarianism,
aggressive Axis expansion and the policy of appeasement, which in
turn led to World War II.
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Sources for Content

Glencoe WORLD HISTORY Modern Times (Your Text)

www.Biography.com

Encyclopedia Britannica
www.History.com

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Group Activity!

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In previous lessons, we discussed at the end of World War I, then

known as The Great War, that the League of Nations was
established to prevent a second devastating war. Everyone in the
class will organize into pairs and discuss together how they would
want to confront the rise of so many dictatorial regimes.

Parameters:

You must go deeper than going to war. Also, you must

be prepared to discuss with the other nations (paired
groups) in the class how you would approach the rise of
so many militant regimes.
1) Would you try diplomacy?
2) Sanctions?
3) Form alliances with surrounding countries?
4) Urge your own countries to prepare for war? How
would you address the immense cost and need
for support among your own people?