Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Dedy Kristanto,
M.Sc
MUD LOGGING
DK - 2 -
Mud Logging
First information during drilling
- Mud weight
- Rotary speed
- Weight on bit
- Cuttings analysis
- Gas content
- pH
- Mud salinity
DK - 3 -
Two Events
Real-time events
- Fluid volumes, ROP, WOB, RPM, SPM
Time-lapsed events:
- Rock chips, gas/oil shows, fluids & chemical,
temperature
DK - 4 -
M
U
Drilling Parameters
and Mud
D
L
Sensor
O
G
G
Geology Datas
I
N
G
Masterlog
DK - 6 -
Mud Sensor
- Pit Level Sensor (measure: Mud Pit Level, type: Floater & Sonic)
- Electromagnetic Flowmeter (measure: Mud Flow in & out)
- Temperature Sensor (measure: Mud Temperature in & out)
- Density Sensor (measure: Mud Density)
- Resistivity Sensor (measure: Mud Resistivity)
DK - 7 -
DK - 8 -
Digital
Sensor
- SPP
-
CSP
Hook load
Torque
WOB
Pit Levels
Analog
Sensor
Mud Parameter
- C 1, C 2, C 3,
iC4, nC4, iC5,
nC5, CO2
- Total Gas
Gas
Sensor
Temperatur
Density
Res/Cond
Flow rate
Analog
Sensor
MASTERLOG
DK - 9 -
Master Log
Once of important documents for final report in mud
logging that usage for:
Analyzing the next drilling plan
Layer correlation which required to give the strengthen
of drilling main plan that existed
Anomaly detection during drilling
Identification of HC contents
Comparing with logging results
DK - 11 -
LITHOLOGY
INTERPRETATION AND
DESCRIPTION
LAGTIME DATA
- GAS
- CUTTINGS
- MUD WEIGHT OUT
- MUD TEMP OUT
DK - 12 -
20 15 10 5
Cuttings
Lithology
Continuous Total
Gas in air %
1
10
Hydrocarbon Analysis
Chromotograph PPM
Analysis
Methane--- Ethane--Propane--- Butane--Pentane---
PPM 1 K
Interpreted
Lithology
Depth (m)
Drilling Rate
M. per Hr.
Visual Porosity
Mudlog
Remarks
10 K
LS: wht, dk, br, vf, xin, cin, hd
w tr foss
SH: dk gy, gy, frm, occ sft,
occ sity
Mud Logging
Example
VCL OIL
0 1 0 5
VCL OIL
DENSH
g/c3
TRI
2.3
TGAS
units
320
18
TRI
MW-10.5 CHL-2000
Sd-lsely cons, lt gry,
vfg-fg
chk flow
8100
9-13-77
8200
NB No.6 OSC-3J
MW-10.5 CHL-2000
chk flow
8300
Survey at 8330'
TVD-8126
14o N 35 E
9-14-77
chk flow
NB N0.9 OSC-3J
8400
Show No.1
CO
9-15-77
MW-10.3 CHL-2000
8500
MW-10.7 CHL-2000
Sh-firm, gry, flky,
sli calc, tr pyrite
MW-11.3 CHL-2100
Sh-firm, dry-drk gry,
brittle, flky
8600
8700
MW-12.3 CHL-2200
MW-12.5 CHL-2200
Sd-sort, lt gry, vfg
chk flow
Survey at 8785'
TVD-8421
18o N 34 E
8800
9-21-77
8900
DK - 14 -
Mud Types
Water-based systems
Oil-based systems
- IEM or OBM
Air, gas, mist systems
DK - 15 -
Drilling Breaks
A drilling break is an improvement in ROP
Causes
- Porosity increase
- Formation pressure increase
- Changing: WOB, RPM, SPM, FFR
- Lithology change
DK - 16 -
Gas Shows
DK - 17 -
Hydrostatics
To balance the density of the fluid column with the
formation pressure gradient
Expressions of the density of the fluid column
water
DK - 18 -
ppg
psi/ft
lb
62.38 3
lb / in 2
ft
0.433
0.433 psi / ft
2
in
ft
144 2
ft
DK - 19 -
CF lb / gal psi / ft
0.433
psi / ft
CF
0.052
8.339
ppg
Bottomhole pressure calculation
psi / ft
BHP 16.9 x 0.052
x 12,000 ft
ppg
BHP 10,530 psi
DK - 20 -
Sv
(overburden)
Pf
(formation
pressure)
Sm
(matrix
stress)
DK - 21 -
Sv Pf Sm
D
D
D
Pf Sh Sv
DK - 22 -
Fracturing Exercise
You are drilling at 12,000 ft with 16.9 ppg mud
and you encounter a sandstone which has a
formation pressure of 6,000 psi
Do you have a problem? Why or why not?
DK - 23 -
DK - 24 -
DK - 25 -
Sh p f
1
ko
Sv p f
3
1
S h Sv p f p f
3
S v 1.0 psi / ft x 12,000 ft 12,000 psi
p f 6,000 psi
1
S h 12,000 6,000 6,000 8,000 psi
3
DK - 26 -
psi / ft
16.9 ppg x .052
x 12,000 ft 10,530 psi
ppg
Do you have a problem? Yes
Why? - Sandstone will fracture. Mud will enter
fracture until a balance is reached between Sh and
BHP. Any sandstones above with a higher
pressure gradient will then blow out.
DK - 27 -
Discussion of Calculations
DK - 28 -
Hook Load ( Klbs ), yaitu total beban hook dan beban di bawah hook
WOB ( Klbs ), yaitu beban yang diderita atau ditahan oleh bit (Weight
On Bit)
Table RPM ( / min ), yaitu kecepatan rotasi rotary table dalam proses
pemboran (bila menggunakan sistem putar konvensional)
Mud Motor RPM ( / min ), yaitu kecepatan rotasi motor pompa lumpur
Torque ( ft lbs ), yaitu daya puntir yang berlawanan dari arah yang
sebenarnya
DK - 29 -