LEVELLING

LEVELLING :- Levelling is an art of

determining the relative heights of different
points on above ( or) below the surface of
the earth

OBJECTIVE

To determine the elevations of

unknown points on earth surface With
respect to datum
(Elevation = height )

PURPOSE OF LEVELLING
TO

KNOW THE ELEVATIONS OF UNKNOWN POINTS .

TO

FIX THE BENCH MARKS AT PROMINENT PLACES.

TO

FIX THE ALIGNMENT FOR ROADS AND RAILWAYS.

TO

PREPARE LONGITUDNAL SECTION AND CROSSSECTIONS FOR ROADS IN ORDER TO CALCULATE

EARTHWORK.

TO

SEE THE DEPTHS OF EXCAVATION IN

FOUNDATIONS.

IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS

CONTD..

Mean sea level

MEAN SEA LEVEL IS THE STANDARD DATUM

BENCH MARK

AUTO LEVEL : (1832) WILLIAM

GRAVATT

Top view of level

Cross hairs & stadia

TRIPOD

LEVELLING STAFF

TYPES OF LEVELS
AUTO LEVEL
DUMPY LEVEL
WYE(Y) LEVEL
TILTING LEVEL

TEMPORARY & PERMENANT ADJUSTUMENTS

METHOD OF LEVELLING

THANK

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