Advanced Statistics Reviewer

Slovin Formula

INFERENTIAL STATISTICS (HYPOTHESIS TESTING)

Hypothesis Testing
1.State the null and alternative hypothesis; 2.Assign the level of
significance; 3.Write the appropriate test statistics; 4.Determine
the critical region; 5.Compute for the test value; 6.Compare the
test value to the critical region; 7.Decide whether to reject or
accept null hypothesis; 8.Interpret the result

n-sample size
N=total pop
e = degree of error 5%
@95%confidence interval

Z=(x-)/

DISCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
Measures of central tendency
Mean

Z-score

T-test

x= (f*Xm)/ f
Measures of dispersion
Interquartile range
Range Scores (f) cf
0-9
6
6
10-19
12 18
20-29
20 38
30-39
18 56
40-49
7 63
63

D6= L+(((60/100*n)-cf)/f)*ci
=
24.45

xa = 2.67; xb = 2.67; xc = 3

Chi square
60/100*63 =
ci
=
L
=
cf below =
f
=

Xgrand=G/N = 25/9 = 2.78

SST = (x-Xgrand)2=(1-2.78)2+(2-2.78)2+(5-2.78)2+

37.8
5
19.5
18
20

df = (c-1) (r-1) = (2-1) (2-1) = 1

X2(0.05,1) = 3.841
Dep
20 D6 29
D6-20
29-20 D6-20 9
D6=(9*19.8)/20+20 observed
F 18
or
=
=
|
=
| =28.91
expected
(25*60)/100=15
18 37.8 38 37.8-18
38-18
19.8
20
observed M 42
Variance/Standard deviation
expected
(75*60)/100=45
18+42=60

Score # of Stud (f)

0-9
6
10-19
12
20-29
20
30-39
18
40-49
7
63.00

Xm f*Xm
Xm-x
(Xm-x)2 f*(Xm-x)2
4.5
27.00
-21.27
452.41 2714.44
14.5
174.00
-11.27
127.01 1524.11
24.5
490.00
-1.27
1.61
32.25
34.5
621.00
8.73
76.22 1371.88
44.5
311.50
18.73
350.82 2455.73
1623.50
8098.41

x= (f*Xm)/ f

25.77

s2= f(Xm-x)2/n-1
s2=
127.5462
SD=
11.29364

1. State the hypothesis

Ho : a=b=c
Ha : at least 1 difference among the means
= 0.05
2.
dfbetween = K 1 = 3-1 = 2 -numerator
dfwithin = N K =9-3 = 6 -denominator
df total = dfbetween + dfwithin = = 2+6 = 8
F critical = 5.14 refer to table
3. Calculate the of each conditions

o
18
7
42
33

e o-e
15
3
10 -3
45 -3
30
3

(2-2.78)2+(4-2.78)2+(2-2.78)2+
Lit
7
18+7=25
(25*40)/100=10
33
42+33=75
(75*40)/100=30
7+33=40
100

(o-e)2 (o-e)2/e
9
0.6
9
0.9
9
0.2
9
0.3
Total=2
Since computed X2 of 2 < 3.841
The null hypothesis is accepted
ANOVA
A
1
2
5

B
2
4
2

C
2
3
4

(2-2.78)2+(3-2.78)2+(4-2.78)2
= 3.1684+0.6064+4.9284+
0.6084+1.4884+0.6084+
0.6084+0.0484+1.4884
= 13.56
SSWithin= (x-XWithin)2=(Xa- xa)+ (Xb- xb)+ (Xc- xc)
=(1-2.67)2+(2-2.67)2+(5-2.67)2+
(2-2.67)2+(4-2.67)2+(2-2.67)2+
(2-3)2+(3-3)2+(4-3)2
= 13.33
SSBetween=SST- SSWithin = 13.56 13.33 = 0.23
4.MSBet=SSBet/dfBet= 0.23/2 = 0.115
MSWithin = SSwithin/dfwithin = 13.33/6 = 2.22
F = MSbet/MSwithin = 0.12/2.22 = 0.05
5. Computed F 0.05 <5.14 accept null
No significance diff bet groups at p=0.05