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information
and
source
of
the
following
presentation,
consider
the
last
paragraph
and
reference.
My
existence
must
fit
one
of
three
logical
categories:
impossible,
possible,
or
necessary.
And
reality
is
subject
to
the
law
of
non-contradiction;
reality
cannot
be
contradictory.
But
since
my
existence
is
neither
impossible
nor
necessary,
it
follows
that
it
must
be
possible
for
me
not
to
exist.
First,
my
existence
is
not
impossible.
I
do
exist
and
undeniably
so.
But
what
exists
proves
that
its
existence
is
actually
possible.
Only
impossible
things,
like
square
circles,
cannot
exist.
My
actuality
proves
that
it
is
possible
for
me
to
exist.
Hence,
my
existence
is
not
impossible.
Second,
my
existence
is
not
necessary.
A
necessary
existence
is
that
of
a
being
that
cannot
not
exist.
The
nonexistence
of
a
necessary
Being
is
impossible.
If
there
is
a
necessary
Being,
then
it
must
exist
necessarily.
There
is
no
other
way
a
necessary
Being
could
exist
than
to
exist
necessarily.
(a)
What
is
more,
a
necessary
existence
would
be
pure
actuality,
with
no
potentiality
whatsoever.
If
it
had
any
potentiality
with
regard
to
its
existence,
then
it
would
be
possible
for
it
not
to
exist.
But
this
is
precisely
what
a
necessary
existence
cannot
do;
it
is
not
possible
for
a
necessary
existence
not
to
exist.
Therefore,
a
necessary
existence
would
be
pure
actuality
with
no
potentiality
in
its
being
whatsoever.
(g)
A
necessary
Being
must
be
an
uncaused
being.
Whatever
is
caused
passes
from
potentiality
to
actuality.
But
a
necessary
Being
has
no
potentiality
in
its
being,
and,
hence,
it
cannot
change.
Therefore,
it
is
clear
that
a
necessary
Being
cannot
be
caused.
And
since
a
self-caused
being
is
impossible,
one
must
conclude
a
necessary
Being
is
an
uncaused
being.
Now
from
these
descriptions
of
what
a
necessary
existence
would
be,
if
there
were
one,
it
is
both
obvious
and
undeniable
that
I
am
not
a
necessary
existence.
First,
I
am
a
changing
being.
I
change
in
space,
time,
and
knowledge.
I
do
not
always
live
the
same
moment
or
in
the
same
place
or
relation
to
the
world.
This
is
an
obvious
fact
of
my
experience.
Further,
it
is
an
undeniable
fact
of
experience
that
I
change
in
knowledge.
Even
if
I
claim
to
have
arrive
to
the
realization
that
my
knowledge
is
unchanging,
I
have
not
avoided
changing
in
my
knowledge,
for
anyone
who
comes
to
realize
or
know
something
has
changed
in
his
knowledge.
There
was
the
state
of
realization
before
he
believed,
which
was
followed
by
the
different
state
in
which
he
arrived
to
believe
that
he
is
unchanging
in
knowledge.
Hence,
it
is
really
impossible
to
arrive
to
know
one
has
unchanging
knowledge.
If
there
were
anyone
with
unchanging
knowledge,
he
would
always
have
known
it.
But
if
I
change
in
any
way,
then
I
am
not
a
necessary
Being,
because
a
necessary
Being
is
both
simple
and
unchanging.
As
simple,
it
has
no
parts
and,
hence,
cannot
be
partly
anything.
Whatever
it
is,
it
is
wholly
and
completely.
In
addition,
an
unchanging
being
could
not
know
anything
in
a
changing
way.
Things
could
change,
but
its
knowledge
of
them
could
not.
All
it
knows
it
would
have
to
know
always.
It
follows,
therefore,
that
I
am
not
a
necessary
existence,
for
I
know
in
a
changing
way,
and
a
necessary
existence
could
not
possibly
know
in
a
changing
way.
Second,
I
am
not
alone.
I
use
language,
but
language
is
a
common
medium
of
communication
shared
with
others.
This
implies
that
others
exist.
Even
the
denial
that
language
is
a
medium
by
which
we
speak
to
others
is
an
attempt
to
speak
to
others
through
language.
Authors
publish
articles
on
the
assumption
there
are
others
to
read
them.
We
are
now
in
a
position
to
put
the
argument
together.
I
exist;
this
cannot
be
denied.
My
existence
cannot
be
impossible
since
I
actually
exist.
Nor
can
my
existence
be
necessary
since
my
existence
implies
both
change
and
multiplicity,
neither
of
which
a
necessary
Being
can
have.
The
only
remaining
alternative
is
that
my
existence
must
be
a
possible
existence.
In
other
words,
my
existence
is
contingent.
That
is,
I
am
but
I
might
not
be.
My
nonexistence
is
actually
possible.
I
can
arrive
to
be,
and
I
can
cease
to
be.
I
am
a
may-be
but
not
a
must-be.
Although
I
exist,
nevertheless,
I
have
the
potentiality
within
my
very
being
not
to
exist.
I
could
go
out
of
existence
at
any
moment.
I
am
contingent
as
well
as
limited
and
changing.
The
presentation
here
was
influenced
in
large
part
from
a
book
authored
by
Norman
L.
Geisler
on
pages
269
through
271,
which
I
reference
later
in
this
website.