Pioneers of animation

Joseph Plateau
Joseph was a Belgian physicist and was the first person to demonstrate the
illusion of a moving image. Joseph used counter rotating disks with repeating
drawn images in small increments of motion on one and regularly spaced slits in
the other, this was named the phenakistoscope.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mJQAck27l6s
The phenakistoscope was an early animation device that used persistence of
vision principle to create an illusion of motion, the principle had been recognised
by the Greek mathematician Euclid and later experimented by Newton. Joseph
planned this in 1839 and invented it in 1841.

William Horner
William was a British mathematician and was the inventor of the zoetrope 1834
intending on teaching his students with it as her was a teacher and headmaster
of his founded school in bath The Seminary.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dKEM5sYnOjE

The Zoetrope was a special form of animation that generally focuses on

movements that repeat themselves like walking or a bird flying, the idea is a
cylinder with the image based around the cylinder and each image changes
slightly so when the cylinder in spun it creates the illusion of the image moving.

Emile Reynaud
Emile was a French inventor and responsible for the first ever projected animated
cartoons, Emile created the Praxinoscope in 1877, he projected the first
animated film in public Pauvre Pierrot
at the Musee
Grevin in paris.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=xOItdZOGnx8
The praxinoscope is a combination of pictures in a metal drum design that
revolves and the images are reflected in a prism of 12 mirrors, the mirrors flash a
clear image of the picture as it flashed past it. This works by rotating the drum
quickly and watching the images reflecting in the mirrors.

Eadweard Muybridge
Eadweard was an English photographer and studied motion, he was known as
the grandfather of motion pictures. Muybridges first work was the horse in
motion (1882) and this was regarded the first ever moving picture which lead to
foundations for modern cinema.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrRUDS1xbNs

Muybridge photographed a horse in fast motion using a series of 12 stereoscopic

cameras. The cameras were arranged along a track parallel to the pictures of the
horse and each of the camera shutters was controlled by a trip wire which was
triggered by the horse hooves.

Thomas Edison
Thomas Edisonwas an American inventor and developed many devises, most
famously creating the light bulb.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WmZ4VPmhAkw
Edison also created some animation devises, one of
these was the kinetoscope this was a large box that people would look into and
view motion picture. It created the illusion of movement by conveying a strip of
perforated film with sequential images on it. Much like a flip book.

Lumiere Brothers
The Lumiere Brothers were the first film makers in history and created the
cinematograph which again allowed simultaneous viewing by multiple parties
their first film sortie de lusine Lumiere de Lyon shot in 1895 and is considered
the first true motion picture.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1dgLEDdFddk
This was the first public exhibition of motion pictures
occurred on 28th of December 1895. This shows a train
moving and was the first ever true motion picture.

George Pal
Pal was a Hungarian animator and film producer. He invented the Pal-Doll better
known as Puppetoons at age 32 he emigrated from Europe to America and
became an American citizen and began to work for Paramount pictures. In the
1940s he made a series called Puppetoons, which lead him to be awarded an
honorary Oscar in 1943.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jQmiqymo7Og