BrittanyCarrasco

DigestiveSystemLabReport
Thislabreportwillbeaddressingthedigestivesystem.Thedigestivesystemconsistofthree
sections,whicharestructuresofthemouth,esophagusandstomach,andthesmallandlarge
intestines.Thestructureofthemouthconsistsoftaste,salivaryglandsandsaliva,andteeth.

PartIMouthStructure
Ahumanhasatleast9,000tastebudsintheirmouth.About80%oftastecomesfromsmell,
whichmeanswhenseeingfooditalsohindersyourtastebuds.Beforethefoodcanbecome
bolustheteethhavetobeabletochewthefooddownforthesalivaryamylasecanbreakdown
thefoodintopieces.Thesalivaryglandsandsalivaareinchargeofsecretingmucus.However,
theuvulaisatinypieceofskinthatproducessaliva,tohelpfooddownthethroat.Salivacanalso
increaseflowwhilechewinggumbutcandecreasewithanxietyorwhilesitting.TheSalivary
amylasewillbreakbreakdownthefoodcreatingitintochyme.

Figures13
Theimagesabovearedifferenttypesofmouthstructures

TasteData
Food

5Seconds

Chewing

Unplugand
chew

Unknown

Apple

Carrot

Cheese

Banana

Potato

Figure4

Infigure4thechartaboveshowsthattasteis80%smell,whentheyhadtheirnosepluggedthey
couldnotfigureoutthefoodintheirmouthbutwhentheyunpluggedtheirnose

IBegin

I24Hrs.

I40Hrs.

BBegin

B24Hrs. B40Hrs.

Testtube1

Alittle
cloudy

Testtube2

No
Change

Slightly
cloudy

Figure5
Thechartaboveshowstheeffectsofsalivaryamylaseonstarch.Testtube1consistsof30
dropsofsalivaandofcracker.Testtube2consistsof30dropsofH20andofcracker.

Figure6
Theimageaboveshowstheorderinwhichtheteetharein.

PartIIEsophagusandStomach
Thestomachisamusculartubeconnectingthethroattothestomach.Theesophagusmuscles
contracttotransferthefoodintothestomach.Inproteindigestionpepsinisoneofthemajor
proteindigestingenzymes.Pepsinbreaksdownthepeptidebondsintosmallermolecules.

Thecontroltesttubeconsistedof20dropsofH20,20dropsofpepsin,andeggwhite.The
experimentaltesttubeconsistedof20dropsofH20,10dropsofHCL,20dropsofpepsin,and
eggwhite.

IntestinalLabDataAnalysis ProteinDigestionLab

Control

Experimental

Day0

Eggisvisible

Eggisvisible

Day1

Reducinginsizebutstill
visible

Eggwhiteisdispensingand
reducinginsizehoweveritis
stillvisible

Day2

Same

Startingtodisappearingmore

Day3

Same

Stillsomeeggwhite

Figure7

Figure8
Thefigureaboveisanimageofacatsesophagusandstomach

PartIIISmallandLargeIntestines

(small/largeintestine,pancreas,andliver)

Experimen
talData

Control

Unknown1 Unknown2 Unknown3 Unknown4 Unknown5

Dropsof
10
fluidfrom
Salivary
duct,min1

10

10

70

12

Phfrom
stomach

1.9

1.8

Dropsof
8
fluidfrom
fromthe
pancreatic
duct,min1

77

30

9.5

Phoffluid
froma
main
pancreatic
duct

7.2

10

7.6

7.2

Dropsof
fluidform
common
bileduct,
min1

64

2.3

2.4

2.4

Motilityof
stomach,
no.of
contraction
s/min

3.6

15

3.4

Motilityof
small
intestine,
no.of
contraction
s/min

15

17

18

30

17

13

Blood
100
glucose
level,mg/dl

101

100

104

102

60

Strengthof 10
contraction

12

12

50

12

,mmHg
Figure9

Experimental
Data

Unknown1

Unknown2

Unknown3

Dropsoffluid
fromsalivary
duct

pHof
stomach

Dropsoffluid
from
pancreatic
duct

Dropsoffluid
from
commonbile
duct

Motilityof
stomach

Motilityof
small
intestine

Blood
glucoselevel

Strengthof
contraction

Figure10

Unknown4

Unknown5


Figure11

CatIntestines,pancreas,liver
(labeledphotos)

Conclusion
TheDigestivesystemconsistsofthesalivaryglandsproducingmucusfortheesophagus
musclestocontracttransferringthebolusorchewedfoodthroughtheloweresophageal
sphinctertoenterthestomach.Whilethefoodentersthestomachthegastricjuicebreaksdown
thefoodforitcanbereleasedintothepyloricsphincter.Whenenteringthepyloricsphincteris
travelsthroughtheduodenum,jejunum,andtheileum,alsoknownasthesmallintestines.Itthen
travelstotheIleocealsphincter,totheascendingcolon,transversecolon,descendingcolon,
sigmoidcolon,internalandexternalanalsphincter,andtheanus,alsoknownasthelarge
intestine.