Manessah Cox

Sara Whitten
Needs Assessment
A. General Data
1. Description of site.
Mauriceville Middle School is located on 22 acres of land (some is currently
undeveloped) at 19952 FM 1130 in Orange, Texas. It is comprised of three separate
buildings. The main building is made up of classrooms with the main offices and the gym
were both built in 1954. A newer building was built to add classrooms in 2000. Until
1971, it was grades K through 12 then in 71 it was consolidated with Little Cypress, to
make the Little Cypress-Mauriceville school district. The school then became just
Mauriceville Middle School with grades 6th-8th. Mauriceville Middle School serves as an
educational structure, funded by the state government. (#1)
Little Cypress-Mauriceville CISD mission statement is to graduate young adults with the
knowledge and skills necessary for success in an ever-changing technological society by
guaranteeing each student an individualized and well-rounded education. (#4)
2. Description of Target.
This oral health program is focusing in on a 6th, 7th and 8th grade physical education class
made up of both girls and boys. The class is made up of honor students and some special
education students. This Oral Health Program will have sessions with class of 20-25
students who are not interested in athletic sports but still need the physical education
credit.
3. Description is Staff Population
The staff member that is working with this program is the instructor of the PE class. The
instructor is a teacher and the PE coach, he keeps the students in shape and instructs them
in physical activity and exercise. The class instructor has a college degree and a teaching
certificate to teach in the state of Texas. (#3)
4. Description of Services Provided
The coordinator of activities at Mauriceville Middle School is the Assistant Principal. She
coordinates activities for the entire school, 6th 8th grade students. They have no current
events coming up. Their future plans include keeping their regular class schedule which
includes 7 class periods, each 50 minutes long and a 30-minute lunch period. Each
student is required at least one year of physical education during their time in middle
school. (#1)

5. Other Pertinent Data

According to the Mauriceville Municipal Utility District General Manager the fluoride
level stands near 0.97% and the highest was in 2014 with 1.37%. There are near 8,000
residents serviced from the Mauriceville Water Supply Corporation. The General
Manager also stated that fluoride was not added to the water, that it was already present
in the ground water. (#2, #5)
B. Information Related to Dental Health
1. The only service provided related to dental health is the fluoridated water in the
facilities. The students have the freedom to use water fountains located through out
the campus. There have been no previous dental programs in the past seven years,
previous information is unknown. The staff holds basic oral health knowledge of
brushing and flossing. The school nurse is available to help manage any oral health
related injuries or pains but cannot do much more than pain relief, ice packs and
referrals to dentist or physican.
C. Dental Health Status
1. In an oral health study done by the CDC and NHANES, 53.7 percent of adolescents
aged 13 to 15 years had dental caries experience in at least one permanent tooth in
1999-2004. In the same group of children 17 percent of them had untreated dental
decay in at least one permanent tooth. (#6) According to a newer 2009-2010 survey
done by the CDC ethnic/culture group and social economic status may have an
influence on oral health. In a group of 13-15 year olds the total percent of untreated
tooth decay was 11.4%. In Non-Hispanic/White children: 9.4%. Non-Hispanic/Black:
24.6%. Hispanic: 11.7%. Under poverty level: 20.2%. Above poverty level: 9.4%.
(#7)
2. According to research done by American Academy of Periodontology in 1991,
periodontal disease in children across America is rare, 0.2-0.5%. Depending on how
children treat their oral health at a young age can influence their risk of developing
Periodontitis. (#8)
3. According to the most recent Gallup.com Youth Survey, 64% of teens say they brush
their teeth twice a day or more, 34% report brushing their teeth only once a day and
2% say that they don't even brush their teeth daily. The survey also showed that girls
are somewhat more likely than boys to brush twice a day or more, 70% vs. 58%. (#9)
4. In 2007, 44.5% of people 2 years and older had a dental visit an increase from the
previous year. 30.2% of children and adolescents aged 2 to 18 years at or below 200
percent of the Federal poverty level received a preventive dental service, also an

increase. According to the 2003 National Survey of Childrens Health, only 14% of
Texas children have been to the Dentist. (#6)
Goal:
To educate and inform the students at Mauriceville Middle School of the importance of
proper oral hygiene and the proper techniques.
Objectives:
1. Assist the students in the developmental techniques daily plaque control.
2. Decrease the plaque score of the students at Mauriceville Middle School by 15%.
3. Increase in Dental Health knowledge of the students at Mauriceville Middle School
by 15%.
Rationale for Program:
The goal of this oral health program is to educate and inform the students at
Mauriceville Middle School of the importance of proper oral hygiene and the proper
techniques. There are many health programs that have been done before that are similar
to the this one. One oral health program that was started in Texas in 2001 used the school
nurses to educate and inform the students about oral health. In this specific oral health
program, the school wanted to encourage good oral hygiene and also to educate on the
prevention of problems that can arise in the oral cavity. This program taught the parents
and students about how to prevent tooth decay by using the correct oral hygiene methods.
This specific program also taught about fluoridated water, did nutritional counseling, and
talked about the significance of wearing mouth guards while playing contact sports.
(#10)
Another oral health program that is in the state of Texas comes from the
Department of State Health Services (DSHS). This program inspires those that live in the
state of Texas to increase their mental knowledge of proper oral hygiene and health and to
also try to sustain it. The oral health program that is put on by the Department of State
Health Services partners with numerous agencies and people across the state to help
recognize the oral necessities that the state needs. The Department of State Health
Services also provides the resources that it takes to meet the needs of the people of Texas.
Currently there are oral health programs that are put on by the Department of State
Health Services in six Texas cities which are- Lubbock, Houston, Austin, Midland, San
Antonio and also Tyler.
Dental public health professionals provide many preventive services to Texas residents
who are, eligible low income, underserved, pre-school, and school-aged children.
Appropriate discussion and counseling are an integral part of each session. Topics
included are oral hygiene and dietary habits, injury prevention, nutritional habits,
substance abuse, oral piercings, and speech development.

Oral hygiene counseling involves both the parent and patient. Initially with young children, oral
hygiene is the responsibility of the parent. As the child develops, home care is performed jointly
by parent and child. When the child can demonstrate the understanding and ability to perform
personal hygiene techniques, the health care professional should take responsibility to counsel
the child. Effectiveness of home care should be monitored at every session and include
discussion of the daily oral health care routine. In 2012-13 academic year, an oral healthcare
program in Boston, Massachusetts provided oral health education to school children. (#11,
#12)
Program Design:
A. Activities:
Session 1: Take a baseline plaque score of each student. Educate students over the proper
brushing technique. Demonstrate and have the students practice. Take Pre-Test.
Session 2: Take an updated plaque score, review brushing technique. Educate over proper
flossing method, demonstrate and have the students practice.
Session 3: Take an updated plaque score. Educate students over gingivitis.
Session 4: Take a final plaque score. Educate over Periodontitis. Take Post-Test. Review
previous session topics, compare baseline and final plaque score.
B. Constraints and Alternative Strategies:
1. Holding the attention of the students could be a possible constraint. To avoid this, we
could encourage them with rewards for participation or correct answers.
2. Attendance may vary according to what day it is. To help with this we would work
with the instructor so the students are aware that a presentation is occurring.
C. Resources:
Session 1: Disclosing solution tablets, toothbrushes, toothpaste, floss, floss threaders,
patient napkins, bib clip, disposable mirrors, power point presentation, computer,
projector, pre-test, post-test, pens, paper, gloves, facial mask, caviwipes, Plaque Score
Sheets and zip-lock bags.
Session 2: Disclosing solution tablets, toothbrushes, toothpaste, floss, floss threaders,
patient napkins, bib clip, disposable mirrors, power point presentation, computer,
projector ,pens, paper, gloves, facial mask, caviwipes, Plaque Score Sheets and zip-lock
bags.
Session 3: Disclosing solution tablets, toothbrushes, toothpaste, floss, floss threaders,
patient napkins, bib clip, disposable mirrors, power point presentation, computer,

projector ,pens, paper, gloves, facial mask, caviwipes, Plaque Score Sheets and zip-lock
bags.
Session 4: Disclosing solution tablets, toothbrushes, toothpaste, floss, floss threaders,
patient napkins, bib clip, disposable mirrors, power point presentation, computer,
projector, post-test ,pens, paper, gloves, facial mask, caviwipes, Plaque Score Sheets and
zip-lock bags.
D. Budget:
Toothpaste (25) = Donated by Colgate
Toothbrushes (25) = Donated by Colgate
Floss (25) = $25.00
Floss Threaders (25) = $3.62
Disclosing Solution (100 tablets) = $26.91
Paper (50 pages) = $6.85
Disposable Mirrors (100) = $21.99
Patient Napkins (100) = $24.99 (pack of 500)
Bib clips: Already have
CaviWipes: $6.95
Mask: Donated
Zip-lock Bags (25) = $6.40
Gloves (200+) = $40.00
Total = $161.71
E. Timetable:
Session 1: March 31th
Session 2: April 5th
Session 3: April 12th
Session 4: April 19th
Evaluation:
A. Formative Evaluation:
1. A weekly assessment of plaque control techniques will be conducted for the students in
the efforts to improve their oral health to the optimal level.
2. A weekly inspection of the plaque in the students oral cavity will be conducted and
recorded and compared to assess the degree of effectiveness of individual plaque control.
3. A weekly discussion of the information which was previously presented will be
conducted to promote optimal understanding and retention of information.

B. Summative Evaluation:
1. The plaque score of 25 Mauriceville Middle School students is being evaluated during
a four-week oral health program. The program will be implemented through four, 50
minute sessions.
2. The students will be educated each session on proper techniques to decrease their
plaque scores. The plaque score will be measured by evaluations each session.
3. A pre-test and post-test will be administered to the students to assess and compare their
level of knowledge about dental health care.
4. The success of the overall program will be evaluated by a questionnaire given to the
director upon the conclusion of the program.
References:
#1: K. Cox, personal communication, February 9, 2016
#2: N. Burton, personal communication, February 9, 2016
#3: J. Martin, personal communication, February 9, 2016
#4: (2016). Mauriceville Middle School. Retrieved from: http://mms.lcmcisd.org
#5: Texas Fluoridation Program, Department of State Health Services. Waters Fluoride.
Retrieved from: https://nccd.cdc.gov/DOH_MWF/Default/WaterSystemDetails.aspx
#6: Oral Health of Children and Adolescents. (2016, March 17) Retrieved from:
https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/oral-health/objectives
#7: Dye, B. A. (2012, August 21) Oral Health Disparities as Determined by Selected Healthy
People 2020 Oral Health Objectives for the United States, 20092010. Retrieved from:
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs.dbl04.htm
#8: Califano, J. V. (2004). Periodontal Diseases of Children and Adolescents.
American Academy of Periodontology. 37. Retrieved from:
http://www.aapd.org/media/policies_guidelines/e_periodontaldisease.pdf
#9: McMurray, C. (2004, September 14). Teens and Teeth: Most Brush, Few
Floss. Retrieved from: http://www.gallup.com/poll/13009/Teens-Teeth-MostBrush-Few-Floss.aspx?g_source=brushing
%20teeth&g_medium=search&g_campaign=tiles

#10: (2015, December 9). Oral Health Program. Retrieved from:

http://www.dshs.state.tx.us/dental/
#11: (2015, May 7). The Texas Guide to School Health Programs. Retrieved
from: https://www.dshs.state.tx.us/schoolhealth/pgtoc.shtm
#12: Goldman, H. M. School-Based Oral Health Programs. Retrieved from:
http://www.bu.edu/dental/community/health-programs/school-based/
Appendix:
Plaque score sheet, pre test and post test, and program evaluation sheet are attached.

Pre- Test:
Created by Sara Whitten and Manessah Cox
1. How often should you brush and floss your teeth each day?
2. How often do you actually brush your teeth everyday?
3. How often do you actually floss?
4. What is plaque?
5. Do you know what Gingivitis is?
6. Do you know what Periodontal Disease is?

Post Test:
1. How often should you brush and floss your teeth each day?
2. How often do you actually brush your teeth everyday?
3. How often do you actually floss?
4. What is plaque?
5. Do you know what Gingivitis is?
6. Do you know what Periodontal Disease is?

Lesson Plan #1:

Introductory Statement: This lesson plan is directed toward 6th, 7th and 8th grade physical
education class made up of both girls and boys at Mauriceville Middle School. The goal of the
lesson plan is to educate and inform the students at Mauriceville Middle School of the
importance of proper oral hygiene and the proper techniques. The length of time needed for the
lesson will be 4 sessions that are each 50 minutes long.
Objectives:
Psychomotor: At the completion of this lesson:
1. The students of Mauriceville middle school will demonstrate the proper brushing technique.
(application)
Cognitive: At the completion of this lesson:
1. The students of Mauriceville Middle School will explain how to use the proper
brushing technique. (comprehension)
2. The students of Mauriceville Middle School will explain and define what plaque is.
(comprehension)
3. The students of Mauriceville Middle School will explain the importance of a plaque
score. (comprehension)
Affective: At the completion of this lesson:
1. The students of Mauriceville Middle School will accept and decide that proper daily
oral hygiene brushing techniques are of great importance. (application)
Content Outline:
I.

Brushing and Plaque

A. What is plaque?
1) Plaque is a white colorless substance that sticks on teeth if not
mechanically removed by brushing and flossing.
2) If it stays on your teeth to long, it turns into calculus.
3) Once plaque turns into calculus, a dental professional has to use their
special tools to remove it.
B. How many times should you brush each day?
1) You should brush your teeth at LEAST twice a day. But it is better if you
do it after each time you eat
C. Why should you brush your teeth?
1) It helps remove bacteria and helps to eliminate build up.
D. What happens if you dont brush your teeth?
1) Not brushing regularly can lead to build up on your teeth and also other
health problems.
E. Should you brush all your teeth or just the ones you can see?
1) Brush ALL your teeth, every surface.

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Activities:
A. Initiatory Activities:
1) First we will introduce ourselves as Sara Whitten and Manessah Cox from the
Lamar Institute of Technology Dental Hygiene Program.
2) Next we will introduce the topics of brushing and plaque.
3) We will then ask the students at the middle school the question, Does anyone
know what plaque is?
4) Next, we will ask the students, Does anyone know how many times you suppose
to brush your teeth each day?
5) We will give the students a quick pretest to take, so we can assess their oral
hygiene knowledge.
B. Developmental Activities:
1)
First, we will hand out the pre-test and have them take it. Next we will explain
to the students that in todays session we will be talking about proper brushing
techniques. Why it is important to brush and also how frequently they should
be brushing. We will also teach the student about plaque. What plaque is, how
it develops and what it does to your mouth. We will also take a plaque score on
each student.
2)
We will provide a PowerPoint that has pictures to help demonstrates the proper
brushing technique. Also in the PowerPoint, the students will be able to
observe pictures of plaque, and how it develops into calculus. We will then
observe the students demonstrating the proper brushing technique and take a
plaque score.
C. Culminating Activities:
1) We will review what plaque is. We will also review how frequently one should be brushing.
Lastly, we will ask the students questions about the lesson they learned today. The questions will
let them to express their feelings and knowledge that they gained from the lesson. Answers and
comments will be deliberated about what they think and feel and we will thank everyone for
participating in their learning process.

Materials and Resources:

A. Visual Aid & Demonstration Materials
1) PowerPoint.
2) Typodont
3) Toothbrush
Evaluation:

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The pretest will given to evaluate the knowledge of the students at Mauriceville Middle School
prior to the lesson. A plaque score will be taken to evaluate if the student is increasing in their
oral hygiene needs.
Program Evaluation:

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Plaque Score Sheet:

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