BE2100 witer 2015

Project # 7

Michael Luketich
April 30, 2015
Access ID: EY0350
Final project

Regression
1. Use a scatterplot in order to explain the relationship between X and Y.

Scatterplot of MOE vs NOB

12

10

MOE= minutes of exposure

NOB= Number of bacteria

MOE

0
0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

NOB

A. What do you expect to be the sign for B1 an magnitude of r?

By increasing the number of Bacteria (NOB), the values of the minutes of exposure (MOE)
goes down. Therefore we expect the number of B1 to be negative.
We are expecting r to be high close to 1 because of the linear relationship that can be seen
in the graph above.
2. After running the regression model in Minitab:
A. What is the estimated regression equation
NOB=142.2-12.48(MOE)

Regression Analysis: NOB versus MOE

Regression Equation
NOB = 142.2 - 12.48 MOE

BE2100 witer 2015

Coefficients
Term
Constant
MOE

Coef
142.2
-12.48

S=18.2978

SE Coef
11.3
1.53

R-sq=86.93%

T-Value
12.63
-8.16

P-Value
0.000
0.000

VIF

R-sq(adj)=85.62%

1.00
R-sq(pred)=76.20%

Analysis of Variance
Source
Regression
MOE
Error
Total

DF
1
1
10
11

Adj SS
22269
22269
3348
25617

Adj MS
22268.8
22268.8
334.8

F-Value
66.51
66.51

P-Value
0.000
0.000

Fits and Diagnostics for Unusual Observations

Obs
1

NOB
175.00

Fit
129.72

Resid
45.28

Std
Resid
2.95

B. Interpret the estimate of B0 in the workds of the problem. Do the same for B1.
B0=142.2. the regression line intersect the y axis at 142.2. this means that the maximum
amount of bacteria expected in the tin can will be 142.2 bacteria before the heat treatment.
The slope B1= -12.48 means that, the average number of bacteria decreases by 12.48
bacteria over the course of a minute.
C. Conduct a test that the true slope of the model differs from 0. Explain how to use the output
of the regression for the test.
H0: B1=0
Ha: B10
Since the p-value describes the relationship between the x and y axis, we can do a simple test to prove
or disprove the hypothesis: P-value of 0.000< .05 Alpha since the p-value is less then the alpha, that
means that there is a relationship between x and y in this model.
Term
Constant
MOE

Coef
142.2
-12.48

SE Coef
11.3
1.53

T-Value
12.63
-8.16

P-Value
0.000
0.000

VIF
1.00

D. Relate the conclusion of you test to the scatterplot that you generated in (1)
As per our predictions Minitab has shown that the B1 is in the negative direction B1=-12.48
and that the r was close to 1 r= 86.93%.
E. Use the generated plots of the regression model in order to check the normality assumption
of your model. While there is no need for a statistical test you must compare the shape t a
normal distribution pdf.
Looking at the histogram it seems to me that it doesnt fallow a normal curve or at least
there isnt enough info to definitively say it is.

BE2100 witer 2015

3. Generate the fitted line plot for this regression.

Scatterplot of MOE vs NOB

12.5

MOE= minutes of exposure

10.0

NOB= Number of bacteria

MOE

7.5

5.0

2.5

0.0

MOE= minutes of exposure

0 Number
20 of bacteria
40
NOB=

60

80

100

NOB

120

140

160

180

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4.

Generate a prediction interval for y* and confidence interval for (y) when x*= xbar.

Regression Analysis: MOE versus NOB

Regression Equation
MOE = 10.755 - 0.06966 NOB
Coefficients
Term
Coef
Constant
10.755
NOB
-0.06966

SE Coef
0.654
0.00854

95% CI
(
9.297,
12.213)
(-0.08869, -0.05063)

T-Value
16.44
-8.16

P-Value
0.000
0.000

VIF
1.00

Model Summary
S=1.36711 R-sq=86.93% R-sq(adj)=85.62%
Analysis of Variance
Source
Regression
NOB
Error
Total

DF
1
1
10
11

Seq SS
124.31
124.31
18.69
143.00

Contribution
86.93%
86.93%
13.07%
100.00%

Adj SS
124.31
124.31
18.69

Seq MS
124.310
124.310
1.869

F-Value
66.51
66.51

P-Value
0.000
0.000

Fits and Diagnostics for Unusual Observations

Obs
MOE
DFITS
1 1.000
6.65769
New Obs
1
Obs
1

Fit

SE Fit

95% CI

Resid

Std
Resid

Del
Resid

HI

Cooks D

-1.436

1.050

(-3.775, 0.904)

2.436

2.78

5.55

0.589913

5.57

Fit
SE Fit
6.50581 0.394652

95% CI
(5.62647, 7.38514)

95% PI
(3.33531, 9.67630)

y* Confidence interval prediction interval

R

Variable
NOB

Setting
61

x*

BE2100 witer 2015

ANOVA
1. What type of experimental design is employed in this problem?
This experiments design is CRD: completely randomized design.
2. Identify the treatments and the dependent variables.
The treatments are the different circuits that are being tested, there are four levels in this case.
Level of noise is the response.
3. Use multiple boxplot in order to compare responses between different levels.

Boxplot of circuit1, circuit2, ...

100

80

Data

60

40

20

0
circuit1

circuit2

circuit3

circuit4

A. are there differences between the mean of the responses in at least two of the levels?
Yes. It can be seen that the mean of the first circuit is very different from the rest. The 3rd
circuit is also different from the 2nd and 4th circuits.
B. do you think this is the result of within- group variations or between-group variations?
I believe the difference between circuits 1 and 3 and the others is between group
variations.
4. State clearly the hypothesis that we are testing in this problem.

BE2100 witer 2015

We are testing the hypothesis that all four of the groups means are the same as the others. We
are testing this against the hypothesis that at least one of the means of one of the circuits will
be different with a 5% confidence interval.
Ho: meanA = meanB = Mean
Ha: meanI mean

5. Run ANOVA on the data and generate the output with plots

One-way ANOVA: NOISE versus CIRCUIT

Analysis of Variance
Source
CIRCUIT
Error
Total

DF
3
16
19

Adj SS
12042
2949
14991

Adj MS
4014.0
184.3

F-Value
21.78

P-Value
0.000

Model Summary
S
13.5757

R-sq
80.33%

Means
CIRCUIT
C1
C2
C3
C4

N
5
5
5
5

R-sq(adj)
76.64%

Mean
19.20
70.00
36.60
79.80

StDev
7.79
11.02
11.59
20.51

Pooled StDev = 13.5757

R-sq(pred)
69.26%

95%
( 6.33,
(57.13,
(23.73,
(66.93,

CI
32.07)
82.87)
49.47)
92.67)

BE2100 witer 2015

A. Comment on the degree of freedom values for each source of variation. How do you calculate
them?
DF for the groups: number of groups 1= 4-1=3
Df for between groups: 4(5-1)= 16
DF total number of observations: 16 +3 = 19
B. Do we reject the hypothesis that we are testing? Why or why not?
Yes we reject the hypothesis that the means of the four groups are equal to one another. Since
the p-value is 0.00 which is less than the value of alpha which is =.05, we have the evidence that
at least one circuit is different.
:We reject HO if p<alpha. Since 0<.05, we reject HO
We also reject if the F-value calculated > F-critical, since 21.78> 4.49 we reject the HO.
C. If you reject, can you tell which level(s) is probably the one(s) that has the different mean?
Circuit 1 and 3 have different means. I am really suspicions of the first circuit but not as
suspicious of the 3rd so I will reevaluate the ANOVA test without circuit 1 to assure my suspicions
of both circuit 1 and 3.

BE2100 witer 2015

One-way ANOVA: NOISE versus CIRCUIT

Analysis of Variance
Source
CIRCUIT
Error
Total

DF
2
12
14

Adj SS
5130
2706
7836

Adj MS
2564.9
225.5

F-Value
11.37

P-Value
0.002

Model Summary
S
15.0167

R-sq
65.47%

R-sq(adj)
59.71%

R-sq(pred)
46.04%

Means
CIRCUIT
C2
C3
C4

N
5
5
5

Mean
70.00
36.60
79.80

StDev
11.02
11.59
20.51

95%
(55.37,
(21.97,
(65.17,

CI
84.63)
51.23)
94.43)

Pooled StDev = 15.016

Since the p-value is (.002<.05) we must reject the null hypothesis. We conclude that the
hypothesis has to be rejected.
D. Using the histogram of residuals to comment on the normality of error term in this ANOVA
model.
The histogram shows what looks like a possible normal distribution but there isnt enough info
to accurately say that the error term is normally distributed.