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04-EMBRYOLOGY
meiosis(PMAT)
Prophase(longest)-leptotene, zygotene, pachytene, diplotene, diakinesis
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
oogenesis
primitive germcell(epiblast)
yolk sac(w3)
genital ridge(w6)
oogonia(w9)
prim oocyte(2n)(w12)
primord follicl(2n) format begin(w14)
w20=7mill
primordial follicl format compl(w24)
(birth=2mill), nish prophase of 1st meiotic division, remain in resting
phase(dictyotene> diplotene stage)
meiosis1 resume at puberty 36h before ovulation(LH surge)(4lac)
sec oocyte(n) form just(3-4h) before ovulation(arrest in metaphase)
secondary oocyte complet 2nd meiotic division after fertilization
1st stage maturation of ovarian follicle before ovulation
nal stage maturation after fertilization
1000oocyte atresia/mth
fertilizable life span=24h
spermatogenesis(74d)
FSH+ testosterone> FSH> testosterone
begin at puberty
spermatogon(primit germ cell)(2n1)
mitosis
prim spermatocyte(2n16)
meiosis1
sec spermatocyte(n32)
meiosis2
spermatid(n64)
epididymis(caudate)
maturity&motility(12-14d)
spermiogenesis(n64)
Capacitation begin-Cx, max-FT(7h)
time to reach FT=30min
cx reservoir=72h
fertilizable life span=72h
zona Pellucida(acell memb,Glycoprot) separat ovum fr Granulosa cell(Gap jn),
prevent Polyspermia
zona rxn-release Cortic granule(Ca)
zygote present in FT=3d
phySiol sphinct-iSthmus FT
aNat sphinct-iNterstit FT
fertilisation in ampulla FT
zygote
cleavage
8cell stage enter uterine cavity
morula(16cell)
zona pellucida disappear
fluid fr uterus enter morula
blastula=ouTer cell mass(Trophoblast)+ inner cell mass(embryoblast)+
cavity(blastocyst)
some cell of inner cell mass differentiat to form endoderm
trophoblast=Syncytotrophoblast(cell wall abs, nucl Scatter)+ Cytotrophoblast(Cell
wall present, 1nucl/cell),
embryoblast= epiblast(tall columnar cell)+ hypoblast(cuboidal cell)
epIblast enclos amnIot cavit, hYpoblast enclose Yolk sac
hypoblast form extraembyonic mesoderm which lies b/n amniotic cavit&
cytotrophoblast, yolk sac& cytotrophoblast
small cavities appear in extraembryonic mesoderm join to form extraembryonic
coelom(chorionic cavity)
extraembryonic mesoderm split into somaTopleuric extraembryonic
mesoderm(lining Trophoblast)+ splanchnopleuric extraembryonic mesoderm(lining
yolk sac)
hypoblast at 1end become columnar to form procordal plate/buccopharyngeal
memb(future mouth)
epiblast at caudal end form elevation (primitive streak), round end(primitive
knot/node), depression(blastopore/primitive pit)
intraembryonic mesoderm split into 3part
paraxial-somite(dermatom, sclerotom)
intermediaTe-urinary& geniTal system
lat plate enclos cavity-intraembryonic coelom(pleural, pericardial, periton cavit)
POG(w)-fetal wt(g)
Hadlock formula-birth wt=BPD+AC+FL
20-300
24-600
28-1100
period of viability=w24
gest age assessm
crownrump lth(CRL)-7-10w(1st,all trim)
BPD(thalamus& cavum sept pellucidum)-16w(2nd trim)
fem lth-3rd trim
AC(true transv view at level of umbilic v entering liver)-macrosomia, IUGR, all trimest
RBC=5-6mill/mm
Hb=16.5-18.5g%
retic=5%
erythroblast=10%
WBC=15000-20000/mm
RBC life=90d
near term urine prod=650ml/d=27ml/h
CO=350ml/kg/min
bld vol=125ml/kg
press for 1st chest expansio=25cmH2O
cranial aspect of ectodermal cloacal fossa-external genitalia
genital fold-labia minora-ventra aspect penis
genital fold ectoderm-ext vag orice
genital Ridge-ovaRy-testis
genital Swelling-labia majora-Scrotum
genital Tubercle-cliToris-glans penis
prox gubernaculum-ovarian lig
dist gubernaculum-round lig
Mullerian(paramesonephric) duct-up vag,cx,uterus,FT-appendix of testis/utriculus
masculinus/hydatid Morgagni, prostat utricle
mesoderm of 2fuse Mullerian duct-up vagina
endoderm sinovag bulb> urogenit sinus -lower vagina
urogenital sinus-vestibule
Wolfan/mesonephr duct-hydatid of Morgagni,Gartner duct, paraoophoron,
epoophoron-intern genital, vas deferens, ejaculat duct, epididymis, seminal vesicle
appendix testis-cranial end paramesonephric(Mullerian) duct
appendix epididymis-cranial end Wolfan(mesonephric) duct
kidney
develop fr mesodermal ridge along post wall of abd cavity, retroperiton
excretory unit(nephron-glomerul, PCT, Henleloop, DCT)-metanephros(blastema,
metanephric mesoderm) intermed mesoderm
collecting duct, pelvis, ureter-ureteric bud(mesonephric duct)
hindgut
preallantoic-GI hindgut
postallantoic(endodermal cloaca)
primitive urogenital sinus-urethra, UB
primitive rectum-lower rectum, up anal canal
cloacal memb-pectinate/dentate line
UB
UB epith-cranial part vesicoureth canal
trigone epith-mesonephric duct
m&serous wall-splanchnopleuric mesoderm
mesonephric tubule
mal-efferent ductule, ductus aberrant sup,ductus aberrant inf
fem-epoophoron, paraoophoron
fetal circulation
umbilical v(O2 bld) (lt br portal v IVC ),(ductus venosus IVC) RA (foramen
ovale LA),(RV pulm a lung pulm v LA) LV aorta
heart
cardiac jelly-endocard
floor fossa ovalis-septum primum
eye
structure-derived from
sclera,corneal stroma& endothelium, Schlem canal, trabecular meshwork, ciliary
body m-neural crest
retina, iris, ciliary body epith, dilator& sphinct pupillae, sec&tert vitreous-optic
cup/neuroepithelium/neuroectoderm
corneal&conj epith&gld, lens, lacrimal gld-surface ectoderm
EOM, bld vess, priM vitreous-Mesoderm
development of a(p498/212)
maxillary a-1st arch
arch of aorta-lt horn of aortic sac+ lt 4th arch a
neural tube
ependymal
mantle
ventral-basal lamina-motor nuclei
groove-sulcus limitans
dorsal-alar lamina-sens-sensor nucl, cerebellum&nuclei, substantia nigra, inf olivary
nucl
marginal
neural plat(ectoderm overlying notocord)
brain(cranial part)
prosencephalon(forebrain)
diencephalon
thalamus
hypothalamus
epithalamus
3rd ventricle
optic cup(retina)
optic stalk
pituitary gld
pineal gld
telencephalon
cerebral hemisphere
corpus striatum
lat ventricle
mesencephalon(midbrain)
midbrain
cerebral aqueduct
rhombencephalon(hindbrain)
metencephalon
pons
cerebellum
myelencephalon
medulla oblongata
spinal(caudal part)
fetal struct derivative
obl lt umb v-lig teres
non obl umb art(prox)-sup vesical a
obl umb a(dist)-medial umb lig(divide direct hernia into medial&lat)
fold of periton which cover inf epigastric vess-lat umb lig(divide direct& indirect
hernia)
ductus venosus-lig venosum