Index: Handbook of Contemporary Neuropharmacology, Edited by David R. Sibley, Israel Hanin, Michael Kuhar

INDEX
Absorption pharmacokinetics
nicotine dependence and withdrawal,
543544
ABT431 compound
schizophrenia dopamine hypothesis, 373
N-Acetyl aspartate (NAA)
glutamate theory of schizophrenia
pathological evidence, 292
schizophrenia analysis, 256257
N-Acetylcysteine (NAC)
psychostimulant abuse and
cystine/glutamate transporter
restoration, 576
Acoustic startle
mouse anxiety models
neurosteroid effects, 147
Acquired immunodeciency syndrome
(AIDS)
opiate addiction comorbidity with,
691694
Acute delivery systems
nicotine dependence and withdrawal
therapy, 547548
Addictive disorders. See also Heroin
addiction; specic disorders, e.g.
Alcohol abuse
diagnostic criteria, 456457
endocannabinoids, 675676
g-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and,
635636
hallucinogens and, 639640

pharmacology, 536545
absorption pharmacokinetics,
543544
bupropion, 549550
cannabinoid antagonists, 550
distribution pharmacokinetics, 544
metabolism and elimination
pharmacokinetics, 544545
nicotine reinforcement
neurosubstrates, 537540
nicotinic acetylcholine receptors,
537
functional adaptations, 540541
nicotinic antagonists, 548549
nicotinic partial agonists, 548
nonnicotinic agents, 549551
opioid antagonists, 550551
overview, 545546
public health policy and, 551552
replacement medications, 546548
tricyclic antidepressants, 550
withdrawal neurosubstrates, 541543
opiate addiction
buprenorphine studies, 696698
drug discovery survey, 699700
epidemiology, 691694
future research issues, 698699
treatment statistics, 694696
Handbook of Contemporary Neuropharmacology, Edited by David R. Sibley, Israel Hanin, Michael Kuhar,
and Phil Skolnick. Copyright r 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
779
780
INDEX
pharmacotherapy
history of, 451457
reward modulation/countermodulation
and, 458459
risk factors for addiction development,
457458
psychostimulant abuse
addiction therapy development,
585586
chronic exposure-related neurobiology,
579589
neurotransmitter/neuroendocrine
systems, 580584
signal transduction mechanisms and
gene expression, 584585
neuropharmacology, 569579
g-aminobutyric acid, 576577
glutamate, 575576
hyopthalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis,
577578
monoamines, 570575
neuropeptides, 578579
overview, 567569
risk factors for, 455, 457458
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
anxiety disorder therapy, 6769
Adenosine receptors
anxiety neurobiology and
decits in, 2930
Ad bers
pain pathways, 711712
Adolescent patients
chronic exposure and sensitization
effects, 581585
Adrenergic receptors
antipsychotic drugs mechanisms, 426427
psychostimulant abuse, 575
Adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH)
anxiety neurobiology and, 17
539540
effects, 580585
Adult environmental effects
anxiety neurobiology, 35
Affective attening
in schizophrenia, 255256
Agonist agents
psychostimulant abuse therapy, 586587
AKT1 gene
dystrobrevin binding protein 1 (DTNBP1)
schizophrenia susceptibility, 348349
Alcohol
g-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and, 634
neurosteroid effects and, 157158
Alcohol abuse
animal models
neuroanatomical substrates, 466467
behavioral paradigms, 467470
central nervous system circuitry,
470471
novel substrates, 471
dopamine neuronal systems and
substrates, 471486
bed nucleus of stria terminalis, 473475
dopaminergic regulation, early
research, 472473
extracellular dopamine, 485486
GABAergic interactions with, 486
lateral hypothalamus, 481485
D2 dopaminergic regulation,
hypothesized mechanisms,
481485
ventral pallidum, 476480
dopaminargic regulation
hypothesized mechanisms, 478480
GABAA benzodiazepine receptor
complex, molecular biology,
487501
alcohol/modulator commonalities,
487488
CA1/CA3 hippocampus, 511516
efcacy of bCCT/3PBD modulation,
GABAA1,2,3,5 receptors, 499501
GABA-DA interaction hypothesis,
496498
ligand selectivity with GABAA1
subunits, 498499
microinjection studies, 505506
naltrexone antagonist, 507511
novel CNS GABAergic substrates,
498
oral administration, bCCT/3PBD
anxiety reduction, 510511
vs. naltrexone, 507511
probe applications, 488493
site-specic microinjection, 493496
subunit selectivity vs. intrinsic efcacy,
516517
INDEX
systemic administration, 492493,
503504
overview, 466
Alcohol-preferring rats (P rat line)
alcohol abuse studies
appropriate behavioral paradigms,
467470
neuroanatomical controls, 469470
reinforcer-specic controls, 469
central nervous system circuitry in,
470471
characteristics of, 467
novel neuranatomical substrates, 471
AlloTHDOC
plasma levels, 137140
Alogia
a-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid
(AMPA)
benzodiazepine tolerance, 101
history of, 290291
pharmacological evidence, 294295
schizophrenia pharmacotherapy
drug development for, 392
Amino acid neurotransmission
anticonvulsants, 7475
benzodiazepines, 7374
Amino acid residues
benzodiazepines
GABAA receptors, 106108
D-Amino acid oxidase activator (DAO A)
schizophrenia candidate gene, 327
D-Amino acid oxidase (DAO)
Amisulpiride
schizophrenia therapy
D2/D3 and D4 receptor antagonism and
regional specicity, 380
"AMPAkines"
glutamate theory of schizophrenia, 295
Amphetamine
chronic exposure and sensitization effects,
580585
3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine
reinforcement of, 615616
monoamine neuropharmacology, 571575
neuropeptide pharmacology and, 579
781
d-Amphetamine
dopaminergic receptor systems and
substrates, 472473
Amygdala. See also Extended amygala (EA)
anxiety disorders and, 1315
Anandamide
appetite regulation and, 671672
endocannabinoid ligands, 663664
pain management and, 667668
Anesthesia
neuroactive steroid effects and, 158159
Animal models. See also Mouse studies
alcohol-motivated behaviors
470471
anxiety neurobiology
anxiety-like behavior in, 1012
brain imaging studies, 1415
early-life environmental effects, 3334
rodent models, 69
neurotoxicity, 620621
behavioral effects, 630631
acoustic/fear-potentiated startle, 147
defensive burying behavior, 149150
elevated-plus maze, 143145
Geller/Seifter and Vogel conict tests,
145146
light-dark box, 146147
mild mental stress models and social
isolation, 151152
mirrored chamber, 147148
modied forced-swim test, 150151
open-eld activity, 148149
separation-induced ultrasonic
vocalizations, 150
obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD),
224
effects, 581585
schizophrenia, 263265
transient receptor potential V1 (TRPV1)
receptors, 736
Anticonvulsants
782
INDEX
migraine management, 766767

D9-tetrahydrocannabinol as, 672673
Antidepressants
beta blockers, 71
mirtazapine, 70
monoamine oxidase inhibitors, 70
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors,
6669
serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake
inhibitors, 69
serotonin receptor agonists, 7071
tricyclic antidpressants, 6970
therapy
bupropion, 549550
tricyclilc
therapy, 550
Antiemetics
Antihistamines
Antinociception
cannabinoid analgesics and, 668
Antipsychotics
atypical agents, mechanisms of action
adrenergic mechanisms, 426427
atypical antipsychotics
5-HT2A receptor, 418421
cholinergic mechanisms, 429430
clozapine regimens
dopamine D2 receptor blockade,
412415
glutamatergic mechanisms, 427429
neurogenesis, 430
neurokinin 3 receptors, 430
partial dopamine agonists, 416417
serotonin receptor 5-HT1A-5-HT2A
interactions, 424425
serotonin receptor 5-HT2A-5-HT2C
serotonin receptor 5-HT6, 425426
serotonin receptors, 417418
serotonin release, 426
sertonin receptor 5-HT2A blockade
cortical dopamine efux
and cognitive function,
421422
extrapyramidal function, 422
substituted benzamides
D1, D3, and D4 receptors, 415416
table of drugs, 413
typical vs. atypical drugs, 411412
metabolic syndrome with, 254
obsessive-compulsive disorders
symptom induction from, 234
rst-generation (conventional) agents,
383
glutamate theory of schizophrenia,
294295
history of, 370371
hypothesized mechanisms of action,
376382
D1 receptors, 380381
D2/D3 and D4 antagonism and
D2 occupancy thresholds and rapid
dissociation, 378380
D2 receptor occupancy, 376378
dopamine release, 381
NMDA receptor function, 381
synthesis reactions, 381382
negative affect remediation, 255256
psychosis management, 254
safety and tolerability, 387388
second-generation (atypical) agents,
383387
Anxiety and anxiety disorders
alcohol abuse and
bCCT/3PBC anxiety reduction efcacy,
510511
clinical management, 6061
corticotropin-releasing factor receptor
antagonists
therapeutic potential of, 196198
depression and
pharmacotherapy, 80
diagnostic criteria, 912, 6162
effects, 630631
neuroactive steroids
alcohol effects, 157159
animal models, 142152
brain and peripheral sources, 135137
chemistry and pharmacology, 135142
enantiomeric selectivity, 141142
GABAA receptors and ligand-gated ion
channels, 137141
INDEX
HPA axis function, 154156
overview, 134135
stress-induced behaviors, 154155
neurobiology of
basic principles, 4
early-life environmental effects, 3337
fear/anxiety circuits, 1315
genetic susceptibility, 1819
intracellular regulators, 3033
knockout mice
neuronal messenger alterations, 2426
neurotransmitter receptor decits and
CRH proteins, 2630
mouse genetics studies, 1924
neurotransmitter systems and neuronal
messengers, 1518
psychological traits
continuous expression of normal
personality, 910
genetic basis of, 46
mouse behavior extrapolation
studies, 69
pharmacotherapy
anxiolytic drugs, 6275
amino acid neurotransmission, 7275
antidepressants, 6470
antihistamines, 75
antipsychotics, 7172
beta-blockers, 71
lithium, 75
monoamine neurotransmission,
6372
depressive disorders, 80
generalized anxiety disorder, 77
obsessive-compulsive disorder, 7778
overview, 60
panic disorder/agoraphobia, 78
phobias, 78, 80
posttraumatic stress disorder, 79
social anxiety disorder, 7980
treatments chart, 76
"Anxiety-related pathways"
Anxiolytic drugs
anxiety disorder pharmacotherapy, 6275
783
antihistamines, 75
beta-blockers, 71
lithium, 75
mirtazapine, 70
monoamine neurotransmission, 6372
monoamine oxidase inhibitors, 70
6669
serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake
inhibitors, 69
antagonists
nonpeptide ligands, 195196
overview, 177179
peptide ligand pharmacology, 185195
ligand binding mechanisms, 190195
receptor/ligand family structure,
179185
ligand properties, 180181
receptor subtypes and distribution,
181185
therapeutic potential, 196198
Appetite regulation
cannabinoid receptors and, 670672
Arachidonic acid derivatives
receptor expression, 732733
N-Arachidonoyldopamine
Arachidonoylethanolamide
O-Arachidonoylethanolamine
Arousal
autonomic arousal
animal anxiety-like behavior, 1012
Asenapine
schizophrenia therapy, 389
Assembly mechanisms
GABAA receptors
Astressin
antagonists
784
INDEX
Attention-decit hyperactivity disorder

(ADHD)
obsessive-compulsive disorder
comorbidity, 216
psychostimulant therapy, 568569, 587
effects, 581585
Attention decits
schizophrenia
Augmentation strategies
neuropharmacology, 225, 229234
Autonomic arousal
Autoreceptors
Avoidance behaviors
Avolition
Baclofen
Basal ganglia-thalamic-frontal loops
BC1 RNA
Bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BST)
substrates, 473475
Behavioral inhibition/activity
alcohol abuse
animal models
470471
substrates, 471486
bed nucleus of stria terminalis,
473475
research, 472473

complex, molecular biology,
487501
487488
496498
subunits, 498499
498
subunit selectivity vs. intrinsic
efcacy, 516517
503504
overview, 466
effects, 616619
neurotoxic lesions and, 629631
neurosteroids, 142
effects, 580585
Benzamides
D1, D3, and D4 receptors, 415416
Benzodiazepines (BZs). See also
complex
unitrazepam, 637
future research, 116117
GABAA benzodiazepine receptor complex
alcohol abuse studies, 487501
487488
INDEX
496498
subunits, 498499
498
efcacy, 516517
503504
GABAA receptors
assembly, clustering, and surface
expression, 108110
binding pocket, 105108
brain function diversity, 110112
functional diversity, knockout/knockin
models, 112114
single-cell response modulation,
99100
structure and function, 9396
subunit/subtype diversity, 103104
effects on, 628
receptor ligand pharmacology, 97102
endogenous site, 9899
metabolism functions, 101102
single-cell GABA response modulation,
99100
therapeutic action, 9798
tolerance and dependence
characteristics, 100101
structure-activity relationships, 114116
Beta-blockers
BIBN4096BS compound
calcitonin gene-related peptide sites and
migraine therapy targeting,
762764
Bicuculline
complex, 487488
785
site-specic microinjection
techniques, 494496
Bifeprunox
Binding pocket structures
benzodiazepines
GABAA receptors, 105108
Biochemical markers
Biochemistry
effects, 616619
Biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles
complex-1 (BLOC1)
molecular interactions, 353
Biological mechanisms
of schizophrenia, 256263
Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) levels
alcohol abuse studies in alcohol-preferring
rats, 468470
Body temperature
effects on, 617618
neurotoxicity and, 624625
Botulinium toxin (Botox)
Brain
anxiety disorder-related regions of,
1315
benzodiazepine distribution, 110112
neurotoxicity
biochemical and functional changes,
631632
neuroactive steroid sources, 135137
neuroanatomical control regions
alcohol abuse studies in
alcohol-preferring rats, 469470
circuitry systems, 470471
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)
genetic susceptibility studies, 1819
knockout mice studies, 2526
receptor decits and, 2930
serotonin receptor 5-HT2A receptor
and, 421422
Brain imaging studies
obsessive-compulsive disorders, 217222
animal models, 224
786
INDEX
neuropharmacological implications,
220222
Buprenorphine
opiate addiction therapy
comparative efcacy studies, 697698
implementation issues and pilot studies,
698
regulatory approval studies, 696697
Bupropion
therapy, 549550
Buspirone
opiate addiction therapy, 699
Butyrophenones
clinical prole, 383
CA1/CA3 hippocampal elds
GABAA5 receptor probes, 511516
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)
migraine therapy, 759763
injection techniques, 763
neurovascular model, 759760
receptor antagonist therapeutic efcacy,
763764
synthesis and actions, 760761
targeted repression therapy, 768
trigeminovasculature sites, 761763
pain management applications, 768769
Calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR)
migraine therapy targeting, 762
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein
kinase II (CaMK II)
benzodiazepine tolerance, 101
Calcium channel blockers
vanilloid receptors and, 728729
Calmodulin kinase II
receptor sensitization, 735
cAMP response element binding (CREB)
protein
effects, 585
Cannabinoid hypothesis of schizophrenia
pharmacotherapy, 394
Cannabinoid receptors. See also Marijuana

analgesic properties, 666668
cannabinoid1 (CB-1) receptor
addictive disorders
modulator therapy and, 458459
antagonist/agonist medication
development, 700
decits in, 2930
appetite regulation, 670672
cognition and, 669670
convulsant effects, 672673
emesis modulation, 673675
identication of, 661662
therapy
antagonist agents, 550
prenatal development and, 664665
signaling mechanisms, 662663
cannabinoid2 (CB-2) receptor
convulsant effects, 672673
future research on, 676
reward, tolerance, and dependence,
675676
in schizophrenia
animal model, 265
CAPON gene
schizophrenia molecular genetics, 328
Capsaicin
cloning of, 727729
transient receptor potential V1
(TRPV1) receptor expression,
730732
Carbamazepine
b-Carboline3-carboxylate-t-butyl ester
anxiety reduction with, 510511
GABAA1,2,3,5 receptor subunit
modulation, 499501
GABAA1 receptor subunit selectivity,
498499
microinjection techniques, 505507
oral administration, 507511
systemic administration, 503504
INDEX
b-Carboline antagonist ZK 93426
GABAA5 receptor specicity, 514516
complex, 490493
GABAergic modication of dopamine
agonists, 497
Cardiovascular system
g-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) effects, 634
Caspase-1
effects on, 628
Catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT)
metabolism studies, 223
schizophrenia
dopamine hypothesis, 373
genetic evidence, 286287
genetics studies, 286287
imaging studies, 285286
molecular genetics
chromosomal abnormalities, 328329
susceptibility gene identication,
347348
tolcapone targeting of, 389
Cell-cell interactions
neuronal decits and, 30
Cell membrane-associated proteins
mouse studies, 19, 21
Central nervous system (CNS)
rats
circuitry systems, role of, 470471
control substrates, 469470
g-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) effects,
634
schizophrenia and, 260262
Cerebrospinal uid (CSF)
antagonists
effects on, 177179
schizophrenia dopamine hypothesis and,
288289
C bers
787
Chemotherapy
emesis with
cannabinoid modulation of, 674675
Cholecystokinin
Cholinergic neurotransmitters
atypical antipsychotic mechanisms,
429430
schizophrenia neurochemistry and,
261262
schizophrenia pharmacotherapy, 393394
Chromosomal abnormalities
catechol-O-methyltransferase, 328329
DISC1 gene, 330331
PRODH candidate gene, 329330
ZDHHC8 candidate gene, 330
Chromosome mapping
schizophrenia
346351
CL218,872
499
Clomipramine
obsessive-compulsive disorder therapy,
6970
Clonazepam
234
Clonidine
Clozapine
dopamine D2 receptor blockade, 412415
mechanisms of action
cholinergic mechanisms, 429430
serotonin receptor 5-HT2A, 418421,
420421
serotonin receptor 5-HT6 and, 425426
serotonin receptor 5-HT/D2 hypothesis,
417418
brain-derived neurotrophic factor and,
421422
cholinergic receptor targeting, 393394
clinical prole, 387
dopamine D2 receptor blockade,
412415
788
INDEX
history of, 370

schizophrenia-related psychosis, 254
Clusters
GABAA receptors
Cocaine
abuse
reinforcement of, 615616
monoamine neuropharmacology,
570575
therapy developments for, 585588
580585
Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated
transcript (CART) peptides
effects, 585
Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT)
Cognitive function
and, 630631
animal model, 263264
glutamatergic receptors, 428429
neural network analysis, 259
enhancement, 421422
Comorbid conditions
addictive disorders vulnerability with,
457458
opiate addiction, 691694
Compensatory mechanisms
dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia,
284285
Computed tomography (CT)
Conditioned conict tests
emotionalty studies in mice, 89
Conditioned fear paradigms
emotionality studies in mice, 89
Continuous performance test (CPT)

schizophrenia
Cortical dopamine
287288
enhancement, 421422
Corticosterone
Corticostriatal-thalamic-cortical loops
integrated glutamate/dopamine
hypotheses of schizophrenia
neurochemistry and, 374376
Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)
alcholol abuse studies
in alcohol-preferring rats, 471
neurosteroid effects
acoustic/fear-potentiated startle, 147
539540
withdrawal substrate specicity, 543
opiate dependence therapy and, 699
effects, 580585
Corticotropin-releasing factor receptor
antagonists
anxiolytic applications
overview, 177179
receptor/ligand family structure,
179185
ligand properties, 180181
receptor subtypes and distribution,
181185
therapeutic potential, 196198
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
receptor decits, 2830
Cortisol
539540
Cotinine
INDEX
Countermodulation therapy
addictive disorders, 458459
CP-154,526 antagonist
CRF1 receptor
antagonists, 181185
anxiety/depression therapeutic potential
and, 196198
CRF2(a) receptor
antagonists, 182185
CRF2(b) receptor
antagonists, 182185
CRF2 receptor
antagonists, 182185
CX516 compound
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)
antagonists
CRF receptor stimulation, 186195
effects, 584585
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
(cAMP)-responsive nuclear
factors
CYP1A2 enzyme
CYP2A6 enzyme
Cystine/glutamate transporters
psychostimulant abuse and, 576
Cytochrome P450 enzymes
benzodiazepine receptor ligand
metabolism, 102
6869
Cytogenetic abnormalities
schizophrenia
789

346351
Cytokines
effects on, 627628
D1 receptor
bed nucleus of stria terminalis system,
475
lateral hypothalamus, dopaminergic
regulation by, 481485
ventral pallidum pathways, 477480
571575
schizophrenia dopamine hypothesis
cortical vs. striatal dopamine, 288
history, 284285
imaging evidence, 286287
antipsychotic agents, 380381
agonist and antagonists, 390
substituted benzamides, 415416
D2/D3 receptors
clozapine D2 receptor blockade, 414415
psychostimulant abuse therapy,
586587
selective antagonism
D2 receptor
lateral hypothalamus, dopaminergic
regulation by, 481485
ventral pallidum pathways, 477480
clozapine blockade, 412415
effects, 582585
571575
history, 284285, 371373
790
INDEX
antipsychotic occupancy and effect,
376378
High 5-HT2A vs., 378
occupancy thresholds and rapid
subtherapeutic occupancy time, 382
D3 receptor
antagonist development, 390
D4 receptor
antagonism and regional specicity,
380
antagonist development, 390
Deep brain stimulation (DBS)
Defensive burying behavior
animal anxiety models
Dehydroepiandrosterone
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS)
in brain, 137
Delta opioid receptors
Dependency risk
Depolarization inactivation
D2 receptor occupancy and effect,
376378
Depression
anxiety symptoms with
pharmacotherapy, 80
antagonists
therapeutic potential of, 196198
neuroactive steroid interactions,
156157
stress-induced behavior
neuroactive steroids, 156157
Desensitization
receptors, 735736
Designer drugs. See also specic drugs,
e.g. 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)
overview, 614
Developmental genes
Diagnostic criteria
anxiety disorders, 912, 6162
Diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI)
benzodiazepine ligands, 9899
3,4-Dihydroxyamphetamine (HHA)
3,4-Dihyroxy-L-phenylalanine (DOPA)
schizophrenia dopamine hypothesis,
372373
Dimerization
opioid receptors, 752
DISC1 gene
susceptibility identication, 349350
Discontinuation syndrome
6769
Distribution kinetics
nicotine dependence and withdrawal, 544
DOI
hallucinogens and, 639
serotonin receptor 5-HT2A, 420421
Donepezil
Dopadecarboxylase
372373
Dopamine agonist
GABAergic modication, 496498
partial agonists, 416417
in schizophrenia
animal models, 264
Dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia
glutamate theory consolidated with,
295296
history, 284285
INDEX
postmortem studies, 344
Dopamine neurotransmitters
addictive disorders
reward therapy and, 458459
anxiety disorder therapy
receptor decits, 2930
(MDMA)
receptor/transporter effects, 617
reinforcing properties, 614616
withdrawal substrates, 542543
neuropeptide pharmacology, 579
COMT catabolism and, 328
drug targeting innovations, 389
Dopaminergic receptors
neuronal systems and substrates,
471486
473475
research, 472473
481485
hypothesized mechanisms, 478480
anxiety neurobiology and receptor
decits, 2930
nicotine reinforcement substrates,
538540
effects, 582585
791
glutamatergic interactions, 575576

571575
schizophrenia molecular genetics
functional candidate genes, 331332
Dopamine transporter
catechol-O-methyl transferase
as schizophrenia susceptibility gene,
347348
inhibitors
psychostimulant therapy targeting,
587588
abnormalities, 219220
573575
schizophrenia
dopamine hypothesis and, 285
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)
DRD2/DRD3 receptors
susceptibility gene, 347348
Drug abuse
substrates
474475
rewarding/reinforcing effects in, 459
stress-induced response
neuroactive steroid effects and,
159160
Dyadic encounters
schizophrenia
animal models, 264
Dynorphins
structure and classication, 747
Dysbindin
schizophrenia candidate gene, 326,
348349
Dystrobrevin binding protein 1 (DTNBP1)
chomosome mapping, 346
chromosome identication of, 348349
functional implications, 332333
Dystrophini-associated glycoprotein
complex (DCG)
792
INDEX
dystrobrevin binding protein 1

identication
Electroencephalography (EEG)
Elevated-plus maze (EPM)
animal anxiety-like behavior and, 12
Elevated-zero maze (EZM)
Elimination mechanisms
544545
Emesis
antiemetics
cannabinoid receptors modulation of,
673675
Emotionality studies
rodent models, 69
Enantiomeric selectivity
Endocannabinoid system, 662665
cannabinoid receptors and signaling,
662663
physiology and pharmacology, 665675
prenatal developmental effects, 664665
reward, tolerance and dependence
mechanisms, 675676
synthesis and metabolism, 663664
Endogenous opioids
classication, 746748
Endogenous sites
benzodiazepine ligands, 9899
b-Endorphins
structure and classication, 747748
Enkephalin neurons
540
Enkephalins
Enthoprotin
Environmental factors
addictive disorders vulnerability, 457458
early-life experience, 3334
Epilepsy
endocannabinoids and, 672673
ErbB3 gene
NRG1 molecular interaction, 353355
regulator of G-protein signaling 4
Ergots
Ethanol
neuroactive steroid effects and, 158159
Eticlopride
lateral hypothalamus, effects on, 481485
ventral pallidum receptor blockade, 478
Excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs)
schizophrenia genetics
GRM3 gene, 349
Extended amygala (EA)
substrates, 473474
complex manipulation
site-specic microinjection studies,
493496
Extracellular dopamine
dopaminergic regulation mechanisms,
485486
Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS)
atypical antipsychotic drugs, 411412
clozapine D2 receptor blockade,
412415
antipsychotics and, 370371
376378
D2 receptor occupancy thresholds and
rapid dissociation, 379380
rst-generation antipsychotics, 383
second-generation antipsychotics,
383388
serotonin receptor 5-HT2A blockade,
422
Extroversion vs. introversion (E trait)
Face validity
Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH)
convulsant effects of, 672673
INDEX
endocannabinoid physiology and, 666
Fear/anxiety circuits
Fear-potentiated startle
Feverfew
FEZ1 protein
DISC1 schizophrenia candidate gene
First-generation antipsychotics (FGAs)
clinical proles, 383
376378
history of, 370371
NMDA receptor antagonists, 381
second-generation antipsychotic
comparisons, 384387
Fixed-ratio (FR) schedule
rats, 469
Flumazenil
complex, 490493
endogenous ligand sites, 9899
Flunitrazepam
overview, 637
Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) studies
Fluoxetine
effects on, 616, 627
Fluphenazine
adrenergic receptor mechanisms, 427
Free-radical formation
neurotoxicity, 624
Frontal cortex abnormalities
Functional candidate genes
Functional imaging studies
793
Fyn tyrosine kinase

GABAA-benzodiazepine receptor complex
487488
496498
subunits, 498499
498
subunit selectivity vs. intrinsic efcacy,
516517
503504
GABAergic neurons
474
dopamine agonist modication,
496498
ventral pallidum dopaminergic
regulation and, 479480
cannabinoid1 (CB-1) receptors and,
672673
hypotheses of schizophrenia,
375376
effects, 583585
g-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors
and, 576577
novel therapeutic developments,
588
794
INDEX
Gabapentin
GA-BARAP
GABAA receptors
"GABA shift" assay
complex
efcacy, 517
Galantamine
schizophrenia pharmacotherapy,
393394
g-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors
addictive disorders
knockout mice decit studies, 2630
cannabinoid receptors and
neurotoxicity effects, 673
GABAA receptors
benzodiazepines
assembly, clustering, and surface
expression, 108110
binding pocket, 105108
brain function diversity, 110112
functional diversity, knockout/
knockin models, 112114
single-cell response modulation,
99100
subunit/subtype diversity, 103104
GABAA1 subunit
ventral pallidum selectivity,
501503
GABAA5 subunit
as alcohol substrate probes, 511516
GABAB receptors
g-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB)

mechanisms and, 634635
migraine management with
538540
261262
g-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB)
addiction risk, 635636
mechanism of action, 634635
overview, 632633
pharmacological effects, 633634
"Gate control" theory
classication of, 713714
Geller-Seifter test
mouse models of anxiety, 89
Gene expression
effects, 584585
Gene linkage studies
344351
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
buspirone therapy, 71
pharmacotherapy, 77
serotonin/noradrenaline reuptake
inhibitors, 69
Genetic studies. See also Gene linkage
studies; Molecular genetics
environmental effects and, 3435
susceptibility studies, 1819
293294
developmental genes, 223224
dopamine, 223
glutamate, 223
neurotransmitter metabolism, 223
serotonin, 222224
INDEX
animal models, 264
epidemiology, pathophysiology, and
neurobiology, 323
Gepirone
Glia-derived protein
GABAA receptors
Glucocorticoid receptor (GR)
stress-induced behaviors
Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) transcription
factor
Glucocorticoids
Glucortical hormones
Glucose utilization
schizophrenia psychosis
neural network analysis, 257258
Glutamate neurotransmitters
261262
targeted drug development for,
391392
Glutamate reuptake inhibitors
391392
Glutamatergic system
addictive disorders
atypical antipsychotics, 427428
538540
effects, 583585
novel therapeutic developments, 588
molecular genetics
795
pharmacotherapy
glutamate reuptake inhibitors,
391392
Glutamate theory of schizophrenia
genetic evidence for, 293294
history, 289291
imaging evidence for, 292293
neurochemistry of, 373374
pathological evidence for, 291292
pharmacological evidence for, 294295
Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)
schizophrenia susceptibility genetics,
350351
Glutathione conjugates
Glycine
NMDA targeting with, 391392
Glycine transporter 1 (GlyT1)
Glycine transporter inhibitors
NMDA targeting with, 391392
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs)
antagonists
delta opioid receptors, 751
kappa opioid receptors, 751752
mu opioid receptors and, 748751
regulator of G-protein signaling 4
G-protein-gated inwardly rectifying K+
(GIRK) channels
G proteins
effects, 584585
GRM3 gene
Group A b-hemolytic streptococcus
(GABHS) infection
obsessive-compulsive disorders and, 235
796
INDEX
Guanfacine
Hallucinogens
LSD, 637640
addiction, 639640
pharmacology, 638
Haloperidol
Hamilton depression and anxiety scales
antagonists
anxiety/depression therapeutic
potential, 197198
Heat exposure
Hepatitis C
opiate addiction comorbidity with,
691694
Heroin addiction
incidence and prevalence, 692694
neuropeptide pharmacology and,
578579
pharmacotherapy
history of, 451457
High 5-HT2A
D2 afnity vs., 378
High alcohol drinking (HAD) rats
Hippocampus
CA1/CA3 elds
GABAA5 receptor probes, 511516
effects on
long-term neurochemical effects,
619620
Homeobox genes
HTR2A receptor
Human immunodeciency virus
opiate addiction and exposure to, 691694
Hydroxyl radicals
Hydroxyzine
Hyperdopaminergic state
schizophrenia dopamine hypothesis and
evidence for, 287
Hyperthermia
Hypodopaminergia
288289
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis
antagonists, 177179
539540
effects, 580585
Idazozan
adrenergic receptor mechanisms, 427
Iloperidone
Imaging studies
brain regions
292293
schizophrenia
Imidazobenzodiazepines
Immediate early genes
effects, 585
Immune response
effects on, 618
Immunoglobulin therapy
Immunomodulatory therapy
Indole agents
INDEX
Indolealkylamines, 637640
addiction, 639640
pharmacology, 638
Infection
obsessive-compulsive disorders and,
235
Inammation
Integrated glutamate/dopamine hypotheses
of schizophrenia
basic principles, 295297
pharmacotherapy and, 374376
Interleukin-1b converting enzyme (ICE)
effects on, 628
Interleukin-1b release
effects on, 628
Intracellular signaling molecules
phenotype analysis, 3033
effects, 584585
Intrinsic efcacy
complex
subunit selectivity vs., 516517
Ionotropic glutamate receptors
J-domain fragments
antagonists
Kainate receptors
mRNA binding, 291292
drug development for, 392
Kappa opioid receptors
Ketamine
history of, 289290
797
overview, 636
pharmacological effects, 636637
Ketoconazole
Knockin mice
benzodiazepine functional diversity,
112114
Knockout mice
neuronal messenger alterations, 2426
neurotransmitter receptor/CMAP
decits, 2630
benzodiazepine functional diversity
studies, 112114
calcitonin gene-related peptide studies,
760761
receptor models, 736
LAAM (l-a-Acetyl methadol)
addiction pharmacotherapy and, 454457
Lamotrigine
NMDA targeted drug development,
392393
Lateral hypothalamus (LH)
substrates, 481485
481485
Leptin
Lesion models
Ligand-gated ion channels
Light-dark box
mouse models of anxiety
LIS1 gene
Lithium
Locomotor sensitization
effects, 581585
798
INDEX
Lofexidine
opiate addiction and, 699
Long-term therapy
6869
LY206130
withdrawal substrate specicity,
542543
LY274600
542543
LY354740 Glu analog
542543
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), 637640
addiction, 639640
pharmacology, 638
M100907 compound
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
brain imaging studies, 217218, 220
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)
glutamate theory of schizophrenia, 293
MAPK/ERK signaling
Marijuana
endocannabinoid system, 662665
cannabinoid receptors and signaling,
662663
prenatal developmental effects, 664665
reward, tolerance and dependence
mechanisms, 675676
synthesis and metabolism, 663664
pharmacology
cognitive function, 669670
emesis, 673674
endocannabinoid system physiology,
665666
overview, 659662
pain management, 666669
Mast cells
calcitonin gene-related peptide sites
and migraine therapy targeting,
762
MATRICS program
schizophrenia-related cognitive
dysfunction, 254255
Mazindol
mCCP serotonin receptor agonist
Mecamylamine
therapy, 549
Medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC)
Melanocyte-inhibiting factor (MIF) peptides
pain management and
Memantine
Memory decits
and, 630631
schizophrenia
animal models, 263
Mesoaccumbens system
substrates, 472473
complex
techniques, 494496
Mesolimbic pathway
substrates, 472473
dopamine system, 574575
Mesopallidal system
Metabolic syndrome
antipsychotics and, 254
Metabolism kinetics
544545
INDEX
Metabolites
neurotoxicity and mechanisms of,
621622
Metabotropic glutamate receptors
293294
history of, 290291
group II receptor targeting, 391392
Methadone
heroin addiction pharmacotherapy
history of, 453457
in "ofce-based practice," 700
buprenorphine comparisons with,
697698
Methamphetamine. See also 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)
and
a-Methylparatyrosine (AMPT)
372373
376378
Methylation techniques
3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA)
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine
(MDMA)
body temperature effects, 617618
brain biochemistry and function, 631632
monoamine release, 616
neuroendocrine and immune responses,
618
cytokines and microglia, 627628
hyperthermia, 624625
799
long-term neurochemical change,

619620
metabolite mechanisms, 621622
monoaminergic transporter, 625627
oxidative stress, 623624
neurotoxic lesions
thermoregulation effects, 629
neurotransmitter receptors and
transporters, 617
overview, 614
tryptophan hydroxylase, 616617
Methylphenidate
580585
Microglia
effects on, 627628
Microinjection studies
alcohol abuse
complex modulation, 505507
Migraine headaches
history and denition, 758759
therapy
calcitonin gene-related peptide and,
759763
injection techniques, 763
neurovascular model, 759760
receptor antagonist therapeutic
efcacy, 763764
synthesis and actions, 760761
trigeminovasculature sites, 761763
future trends in, 768769
history of, 758759
migraine diagnostic criteria, 758759
overview, 758
acute therapy, 764765
preventive therapy, 766768
Mild mental stress models
Mineralocorticoid receptors
Mirrored chamber
Mirtazapine
800
INDEX
Missense mutations
PRODH gene
schizophrenia molecular genetics,
329330
Mitogen-activated protein kinase
Mitotic inhibitor methylazoxymethanol
(MAM)
Moclobemide
Modanil
Modied forced-swim test
Modulation therapy
Molecular genetics
antagonists
GABAA benzodiazepine receptor complex
487488
496498
subunits, 498499
498
efcacy, 516517
503504
candidate genes, 325328

gene linkage studies, 323324
positional candidate genes, 325
susceptibility genes, 351355
DISC1 gene, 351352
DTNBP1 gene, 352353
function, 332333
NRG1 gene, 353355
Molecular path model
benzodiazepine activity, 115
Molecular targeting
schizophrenia-related cognitive
dysfunction therapy, 254255
Monoamine neurotransmitters
anxiety disorder anxiolytics, 6372
beta blockers, 71
371373
effects, 616
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
Monoaminergic transporter
Monotherapies
controlled trials, 225
MOR-1 opioid receptor
Morphine compounds
mu opioid receptors and, 748751
234
peripheral-central interactions, 719721
spinal-supraspinal interactions,
718720
Mouse studies
anxiety-like behavior, genetically
altered mice, 1924
INDEX
neuroticism (N trait), 69
oligogenic anxiety-like conditions,
3233
QTL studies, 19
benzodiazepine functional diversity,
112114
MPEP antagonist
Multipoint linkage analysis
Mu opoid receptors
Muscarinic receptor agonists
atypical antipsychotics and
cholinergic agents, 429430
Muscimol
complex manipulation, 494496
Naloxone
540
regulatory studies, 696697
Naltrexone
oral administration of bCCT/3PBC vs.,
507511
opiate addiction therapy, 698699
NAN-190 antagonists
542543
N-back task analysis
schizophrenia cognitive dysfunction and,
259
NDMC metabolite
cholinergic mechanisms and, 429430
N-domain fragments
antagonists
Negative affect
neural network studies, 258259
801
NEO-ve factor inventory (NEO-FFI)

NEO personality inventory
human personality traits, 912
Neospinothalamic pain pathways
Nerve-growth factor (NGF)
Neural networks
history of, 290291
schizophrenia
cognitive dysfunction and, 259
negative affect and, 255256,
258259
psychosis and, 257258
Neuregulin I (NRG1)
ErbB3 receptor, 328
Neuroactive steroids
anxiety disorders
alcohol effects, 157159
brain and peripheral sources, 135137
chemistry and pharmacology, 135142
GABAA receptors and ligand-gated ion
channels, 137141
HPA axis function, 154156
overview, 134135
drug abuse relapse, 159160
HPA axis, 153154
overview, 152153
Neuroanatomical controls
rats, 469470
Neurobiology
obsessive-compulsive disorders,
216224
functional imaging studies, 219220
magnetic resonance spectroscopy,
220
802
INDEX
Neurochemistry
(MDMA) neurotoxicity
long-term changes in, 619620
hypotheses, 371376
glutamate receptor hypothesis,
373374
integrated dopamine/glutamate
hypotheses, 374376
Neurodevelopmental animal model
schizophrenia, 265
Neuroendocrine systems
effects on, 618
effects, 580585
Neurogenesis
atypical antipsychotics and, 430
schizophrenia
disruption of, 265
Neurogenic inammation
vanilloid receptors and, 728729
Neuroimaging studies
neurotoxicity
brain biochemical and functional
changes, 631632
obsessive-compulsive disorders,
219220
effects, 582585
573575
Neurokinin 3 receptors
antipsychotic mechanisms with, 430
Neurokinin antagonists
Neuronal cell adhesion molecules (NCAM)
Neuronal pathways
mouse studies, 1920
pain management
anatomical drug interactions,
718720
descending modulatory pathways,
712714
neospinothalamic/paleospinothalamic
pathways, 711712
overview, 709710
Neuronal systems and substrates
migraine therapy targeting, 762
dopaminergic receptors
alcholol abuse studies, 471486
473475
research, 472473
481485
dopaminargic regulation
478480
537540
Neuropeptide FF
Neuropeptides
Neuropeptide Y (NPY)
Neuropharmacology
augmenting agents, 225, 229234
current trials, 234
monotherapy trials, 225
serotonin uptake inhibitor efcacy,
226228
Neuroprotective agents
Neuroreceptor imaging
INDEX
Neurosteroids
Neurosurgery
Neurotensin agonist/antagonist
Neuroticism (N trait)
mouse behavior, 69
Neurotoxicity
(MDMA), 619628
cytokines and microglia, 627628
hyperthermia, 624625
long-term neurochemical change,
619620
metabolite mechanisms, 621622
monoaminergic transporter, 625627
Neurotransmitters. See also specic
Neurotransmitters
addictive disorders
effects on
pain neuropharmacology, 714717
drug action localization, 718
effects, 580581, 583585
Neurovascular model
migraine therapy, calcitonin gene-related
peptide, 759760
NF-kB transcription factor family
Nicotine
basic properties, 535536
patches
234
absorption pharmacokinetics, 543544
803
dependence and withdrawal therapy

bupropion, 549550
cannabinoid antagonists, 550
nicotinic antagonists, 548549
nicotinic partial agonists, 548
nonnicotinic agents, 549551
opioid antagonists, 550551
overview, 545546
public health policy and, 551552
replacement medications, 546548
distribution pharmacokinetics, 544
nicotine reinforcement neurosubstrates,
537540
nicotinic acetylcholine receptors,
537
functional adaptations, 540541
Nicotine gum
therapy, 547548
Nicotine-N-oxide
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs)
classication and function, 537
functional adaptations mechanisms,
540541
538540
nicotinic partial agonist therapy,
548
nicotinic partial antagonist therapy,
548549
overview, 536537
Nicotinic agonists
Nicotinic antagonists
therapy, 548
Nicotinic partial agonists
therapy, 548
804
INDEX
Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor

Nitrogen ohne radikal (NOR) metabolites
benzodiazepine receptor ligand
metabolism, 102
NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartic acid)
receptors
addictive disorder pharmacotherapy
methadone interactions, 456457
consolidated glutamate/dopamine
hypotheses, 295296
history of, 289290
imaging studies, 293
ketamine effects on, 636637
glutamate genetic studies, 223
rst- and second-generation
antipsychotics, 381
targeted drug development for, 391392
schizophrenia psychosis, 257258
Nociception
dened, 710
drug action localization, 718
pain pathways and, 711712
transient receptor potential V2 (TRPV2),
736737
Nonopiate analgesics
Nonpeptide ligands
antagonists, 195196
Nonpharmacological therapy
obsessive-compulsive disorders and,
235237
Nonsteroidal anti-inammatory drugs
migraine management, 765, 768
Noradrenergic systems
effects, 584
Norepinephrine (NE)
substrates, 472473

effects on, 616
effects, 584
noradrenergic agent development, 393
Norepinephrine transporter (NET)
Nucleus accumbens (NAcc)
substrates, 471472
complex manipulation
site-specic microinjection studies,
493496
(MDMA)
NUDEL gene
Nur transcription factors
dopamine neurotransmission and,
422
Obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD)
animal models, 224
brain regions related to, 1315
clinical psychopharmacology, 225235
augmenting agents, 225, 229234
current trials, 234
monotherapy trials, 225
serotonin uptake inhibitor efcacy,
226228
deep brain stimulation, 236237
dened, 216
diagnostic criteria, 1012, 216
genetic studies, 222224
developmental genes, 223224
dopamine, 223
glutamate, 223
neurotransmitter metabolism, 223
serotonin, 222224
INDEX
immunomodulatory treatments, 235
neurobiology, 216224
functional imaging studies, 219220
magnetic resonance spectroscopy,
220
neuropharmacology
neurosurgery, 235237
nonpharmacological experimental
treatments, 235237
serotonin/noradrenaline reuptake
inhibitors, 69
summary of therapeutic advances, 237
symptom induction, 234
transcranial magnetic stimulation, 236
Ocapridone
8-OH-DPAT
542543
serotonin receptors 5-HT2A-5-HT2C
Olanzapine
D2 receptor blockade, 414415
neurogenesis and, 430
brain-derived neurotrophic factor and,
421422
clinical prole, 383387
376378
Oligogenic anxiety-like conditions
mouse studies, 3233
Open-eld activity
Opiates
addiction and
buprenorphine studies, 696698
drug discovery survey, 699700
epidemiology, 691694
pain management
anatomical interactions, 718720
805
Opioid agonists/antagonists
therapy, 550551
Opioid receptor system
addictive disorders
reward therapy and, 458459
oral administration of bCCT/3PBC vs.
agonists, 507511
delta receptors, 751
dimerization, 752
endogenous opioids, 746748
kappa receptors, 751752
mu receptors, 748751
orphanin FQ/nociceptin and receptor, 752
overview, 745746
targeting mechanisms, 718
effects, 584
short-acting
addiction pharmacotherapy and,
453457
Orbitofrontal-dorsomedial thalamic loop
Orphanin FQ/nociceptin (OFQ/N) receptor
structure and function, 748, 752
Oxidative stress
Oxycodone
abuse of
Pain perception and management
calcitonin gene-related peptide for,
768769
marijuana and, 666668
neuronal pathways
descending modulatory pathways,
712714
neospinothalamic/paleospinothalamic
pathways, 711712
overview, 709710
806
INDEX
anatomically-based interactions,
718721
drug targeting mechanisms, 718
receptors
antagonists, 733
capsaicin, protons, and heat, 730732
chemical activators, 732733
cloning of, 728729
desensitization, 735736
expression, 729
knockout mouse models, 736
nociception channels, 736737
sensitization, 733735
Paleospinothalamic pain pathways
Paliperodone
Panic disorders
anticonvulsant therapy, 7475
Peptide ligands
antagonists
basic properties, 180181
CRF1/CRF2 binding mechanisms,
190195
CRF1/CRF2 pharmacology,
185195
CRF1/CRF2 receptor pharmacology,
185195
subtypes and distribution, 181185
Periaqueductal gray (PAG) stimulation
Peripheral benzodiazepine receptors (PBRs)
stress-induced behavior
Personality traits
continuous expression
Pharmacophore models
benzodiazepine activity, 116
Pharmacotherapy
addictive disorders
history of, 451457
reward modulation/countermodulation
and, 458459
risk factors for addiction development,

457458
anxiety disorders
anxiolytic drugs, 6275
antihistamines, 75
beta-blockers, 71
lithium, 75
monoamine neurotransmission,
6372
depressive disorders, 80
generalized anxiety disorder, 77
obsessive-compulsive disorder, 7778
overview, 60
panic disorder/agoraphobia, 78
phobias, 78, 80
posttraumatic stress disorder, 79
social anxiety disorder, 7980
treatments chart, 76
overview, 216
schizophrenia
antipsychotic drug proles
rst-generation (conventional)
agents, 383
383387
antipsychotic mechanisms of action,
376382
current developments and future
directions, 388394
cannabinoid hypothesis, 394
D1 agonists and antagonists, 390
D3 antagonists, 390
D4 antagonists, 390
INDEX
dopamine system targeting, 389
glutamate system targeting, 391393
neurokinin antagonists, 391
neurosteroids, 394
neurotensin agonist/antagonist,
390
noradrenergic agents, 393
high 5-HT2A vs. D2 afnity, 378
neurochemical hypotheses, 371376
overview, 370371
Phencyclidine. See also Ketamine
history of, 289290
ketamine derivative, 636637
260262
Phenothiazines
clinical proles, 383
Phenotype analysis
genetic epidemiology, 322323
Phenylalkylamines, 637640
addiction, 639640
pharmacology, 638
a-Phenyl-N-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN)
neurotoxicity
Phobias
Phosphoinositol 3-kinase-AKT signaling
pathway
Phosphoinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2)
Phospholipase C
Phosphorus MRS
Picrotoxin
complex, 487488
807

agonists, 496497
p-MPPI receptor antagonist
542543
Positional candidate genes
schizophrenia genetics, 325
Positional cloning
schizophrenia genetics, 324
Positron emission tomography (PET)
schizophrenia
Postmortem studies
overview, 343344
344351
susceptibility gene interactions,
351355
Postpartum depression
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
anticonvulsant therapy, 7475
mirtazapine therapy, 70
pharmacotherapy, 79
PPP3CC gene
P rat line. See Alcohol-preferring rats
Predictive validity
"Preemptive analgesia"
Prefrontal cortex (PFC)
374376
Pregnancy
marijuana effects in, 664665
and, 630631
Pregnenolone sulfate (PREGS)
in brain, 137
Prenatal development
marijuana effects on, 664665
808
INDEX
Prescription drugs. See also Opiates

abuse of
Preventive therapy
PRODH gene
Prodromal period
386387
Progesterone levels
depression
Pro-opiomelanocortin peptide group
3-Propoxy-b-carboline hydrochloride
(3BPC)
anxiety reduction with, 510511
GABAA1,2,3,5 receptor subunit
modulation, 499501
498499
oral administration, 507511
systemic administration, 503504
Protein kinase A
Protein kinase C
Protein kinase Cg
Protons
Psilocybin
Psychoeducation
anxiety management with, 6061
Psychological traits
continuous expression of normal
personality, 910
genetic basis of, 46
mouse behavior extrapolation studies,
69
Psychosis

neural network studies, 257258
second-generation antipsychotics and,
386387
Psychostimulants
abuse-related neuropharmacology,
569579
g-aminobutyric acid, 576577
glutamate, 575576
hyopthalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis,
577578
monoamines, 570575
neuropeptides, 578579
addiction therapy development,
585586
chronic exposure-related neurobiology,
579589
neurotransmitter/neuroendocrine
systems, 580584
signal transduction mechanisms and
gene expression, 584585
therapeutic applications of, 567569
Public health policy
nicotine dependency and withdrawal
therapy, 551552
Pyrazolopyrimidine
antagonists
anxiety/depression therapeutic
potential, 197198
Pyrazoloquinoline
complex, 490493
Quantitative behavioral genetics
Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis
mice studies, 19
oligogenic anxiety-like conditions,
3233
Quetiapine
Quinelorane
substrates, 472473
INDEX
Quinpirole
substrates, 472473
Raclopride
substrates, 472473
582585
11
C-Raclopride
striatal D2 receptor blockade, 414415
Radiolabeled peptides
antagonists
Rapid dissociation
D2 receptor occupancy thresholds,
379380
Receptor activity modifying protein 1
(RAMP1)
calcitonin gene-related peptide sites
and migraine therapy targeting,
762
Receptor density assessment
schizophrenia
schizophrenia neuroreceptor imaging,
259260
Receptor ligand pharmacology
endogenous site, 9899
metabolism functions, 101102
single-cell GABA response modulation,
99100
therapeutic action, 9798
tolerance and dependence
characteristics, 100101
Regional cerebral blood ow (rCBF)
Regional specicity
D2/D3 and D4 receptor antagonism and,
380
"Region-specic" neuroanatomical controls
rats, 469470
Regulator of G-protein signaling 4 (RGS4)
809
Reinforcing mechanisms
rats, 469
(MDMA), 614616
Resinferatoxin (RTX)
cloning of, 727729
Respiratory system
g-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) effects,
634
Reuptake inhibitors
571575
Reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase
A (RIMA)
Reward effects
endocannabinoids and, 675676
(MDMA), 614616
effects, 581585
Rhodopsin
antagonists
Riluzole
234
Rimonabant
endocannabinoid physiology and,
665675
therapy, 550
675676
Risperidone
neurogenesis and, 430
810
INDEX
Ritanserin
effects on, 616
RO19-4603 inverse agonist
complex, 488493
techniques, 494496
systemic administration studies,
492493
Rohypnol. See Flunitrazepam
ROI15-4513 inverse agonist
complex
alcohol-modulator commonalities,
487488
RU34000 imidazopyrimidine inverse agonist
complex, 490493
techniques, 496
RY 023 inverse agonist
GABAA5 receptor specicity,
512516
Safety
387388
Samson test procedure
rats, 468470
SB-271046
serotonin receptor 5-HT6 and,
425426
SB-399885
SCH 23390 compound
475
lateral hypothalamus, effects on,
481485
ventral pallidum receptor blockade,
477480
Schizophrenia
biological mechanisms, 256263

clinical phenomenology and treatment,
252256
cognitive dysfunction, 254255
dopamine hypothesis
history, 284285
evolution of theories on, 283284
genetic epidemiology, 321323
phenotype denition, 322323
genetics and phenotypes, 262263
glutamate theory of
genetic evidence for, 293294
history, 289291
imaging evidence for, 292293
pathological evidence for, 291292
pharmacological evidence for,
294295
hypotheses, 295297
molecular genetics, 323325
candidate genes, 325328
susceptibility gene function, 332333
negative affect, 255256
neural network studies and, 255259
neurochemistry, 260262
neurogenesis in, 430
neuroreceptor imaging, 259260
pharmacotherapy
antipsychotic drug proles
rst-generation (conventional)
agents, 383
383387
antipsychotic mechanisms of action,
376382
INDEX
current developments and future
directions, 388394
cannabinoid hypothesis, 394
D1 agonists and antagonists, 390
D3 antagonists, 390
D4 antagonists, 390
dopamine system targeting, 389
glutamate system targeting, 391393
neurokinin antagonists, 391
neurosteroids, 394
neurotensin agonist/antagonist, 390
noradrenergic agents, 393
high 5-HT2A vs. D2 afnity, 378
neurochemical hypotheses, 371376
overview, 370371
postmortem studies, 260262
overview, 343344
344351
susceptibility gene interactions, 351355
prevalence, 252253
psychosis and, 253254
symptom classication, 253
Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs)
D2/D3 and D4 receptor antagonism and
D2 receptor occupancy thresholds and
rapid dissociation, 378380
history of, 370371
NMDA receptor antagonists, 381
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
(SSRIs)
controlled trials, 225
panic disorder therapy, 78
posttraumatic stress disorder therapy,
79
social anxiety disorder therapy, 7980
811
Selegiline
Sensitivity
psychostimulant abuse and reduction of
neurobiology of, 579585
Sensory neurons
Separation-induced ultrasonic vocalizations
Sequence homology
antagonists
Serotonin (5-HT)
antipsychotic drugs and release of, 426
anxiety disorder anxiolytics
monoamine neurotransmission, 6372
neurotransmission mechanisms, 1517
effects on, 616
long-term neurochemical effects, 619620
Serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake
inhibitors (SNRI)
Serotonin hypothesis
Serotonin receptor 5-HT/D2 hypothesis
Serotonin receptors
atypical antipsychotics
adrenergic mechanisms, 426427
serotonin receptor 5-HT1A-5-HT2A
cortical dopamine efux and
cognitive function, 421422
812
INDEX
serotonin receptor 5-HT2A-5-HT2C

receptor interactions, 422424
serotonin receptor 5-HT/D2 hypothesis,
417418
261262
serotonin receptor 5-HT2A
D2 antagonism and, 381
serotonin 5-HT1A
542543
serotonin 5-HT2C receptors
serotonin receptor 5-HT1B
cortical dopamine efux and cognitive
function, 421422
LSD downregulation of, 638640
D2 antagonism and, 381
serotonin receptor 5-HT6 interactions
triptan therapy for migraines, 764765
Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs)
brain neuropharmacology, 221222
Serotonin transporter (5-HTT)
environmental effects and, 3435
abnormalities, 219220
Serotonin transporter (SERT) antagonists
Sertindole
Signal transduction mechanisms

effects, 584585
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)
as schizophrenia susceptibility gene,
347348
schizophrenia genetics
DISC1 molecular interactions, 352
GRM3 gene, 349
positional candidate genes, 325
Single-photon-emission computerized
tomography (SPECT)
Site-specic microinjection studies
alcohol abuse
complex manipulation, 493496
Smoking. See Nicotine
Social anxiety disorder
Social interaction paradigm
effects on, 630631
Social isolation
animal anxiety model
schizophrenia
animal models, 264
Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor
attachment protein receptors
(SNAREs)
"Speedball" psychostimulant combination
Splice variants
antagonists
receptor subunits, 182185
SR48692
SR144528 antagonist
Stimulant medications
psychostimulant therapy, 587588
Stress
addictive disorders and response to, 459
neuroactive steroid interactions
drug abuse relapse, 159160
INDEX
HPA axis, 153154
overview, 152153
effects, 580585
neuropharmacology and, 577578
Striatal dopamine receptors
atypical antipsychotic drugs
414415
287288
Structural studies
Structure-activity relationships (SARs)
Substance P
Substantia nigra
414415
Sucrose-fading technique
rats, 467470
Sulfate fraction
in brain, 137
Sulpiride
substrates, 472473
ventral pallidum receptor blockade,
477480
Sumatriptan
migraine management with, 764765
Susceptibility genes
schizophrenia
gene linkage studies, 324
molecular genetics
postmortem studies
overview, 343344
344351
susceptibility gene interactions,
351355
Sweetened cocktail solution procedure
rats, 468470
813
Synapsin I proteins
Synaptosomal-associated protein 25
(SNAP25)
Synthesis
antipsychotics
381382
Systemic administration studies
complex, 492493
Systems biology theory
"Systems neuroscience"
288
T-butyl agents
complex
techniques, 494496
D9-Tetrahydrocannabinol
cannabinoid receptor binding,
663
endocannabinoid physiology and,
665675
isolation off, 660661
neurotoxicity effects, 672673
prenatal development and, 664665
675676
Thermoregulation
effects on, 629
Thioxanthine
clinical prole, 383
THIP agonist
complex, 488493
814
INDEX
Tiagabine
Tissue injury
Tolcapone
Tolerability
387388
Tolerance mechanisms
neurobiology of, 579585
Topiramate
Topological analysis
antagonists
receptor subunits, 183185
Tourettes disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
comorbidity, 216
Tramadol
234
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
Transcriptional regulators
Transdermal nicotine patch
mecamylamine in conjunction with, 549
therapy, 546547
obsessive-compulsive disorder therapy, 234
Transient receptor potential V1 (TRPV1)
receptors
antagonists, 733
capsaicin, protons, and heat, 730732
cloning of, 728729
expression, 729

nociception and, 736737
TRAR4 gene
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS)
opiate treatment statistics, 694696
Tricyclic antidpressants (TCAs)
therapy, 550
panic disorder therapy, 78
psychostimulant abuse therapy,
586587
Trigeminal ganglion
migraine therapy targeting of, 760
Trigeminovasculature system
migraine therapy targeting,
761762
Triptans
migraine management with, 764765
Tryptophan hydroxylase
effects on, 616617
Two-bottle water choice procedure
rats, 468470
Tyrosine-hydroxylase
288289
Tyrosine kinase B (trkB)
Urocortins
antagonists
ligand structure, 180181
Val66Met substitution polymorphism
schizophrenia
and, 421422
Valproate
INDEX
Vanilloid receptors
cloning, 727729
transient receptor potential V1 expression,
729
antagonists, 733
capsaicin, protons, and heat,
730732
Varenicline
therapy, 548
Variable numbers of tandem repeats
(VNTR)
dopamine genetics, 223
Velocardiofacial syndrome gene
schizophrenia
chomosome mapping, 346
COMT catabolism and, 329
Venlafaxine
234
Ventral hippocampal lesions
in schizophrenia
animal models, 265
Ventral pallidum
dopaminergic regulation hypotheses,
478480
GABAA1 subunit probe selectivity,
501503
agonists, 497498
Ventral tegmental area (VTA)
substrates, 472473
rats
control substrates in, 470
atypical antipsychotic drug mechanisms in
clozapine D2 receptors, 414415
cannabinoid receptors in, 675676
375376
815

538540
571575
neuropeptide pharmacology, 578579
Vesicular glutamate transporter
Vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT)
protein
284285
Visual system
g-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) effects, 634
Vitamin D receptor (VDR)
Vogel conict test
mouse models of anxiety
Vogel punished drinking test
WAY-100635 compound
5-HT2A-5-HT2C receptor interactions,
422424
542543
WIN 55,212-2
convulsant effects of, 673
Wisconsin card sort task (WCST)
Withdrawal syndrome
benzodiazepines, 74
opiate addiction and, 699
ZDHHC8 candidate gene
Ziprasidone
Zolpidem
499

Index: Handbook of Contemporary Neuropharmacology, Edited by David R. Sibley, Israel Hanin, Michael Kuhar

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Index: Handbook of Contemporary Neuropharmacology, Edited by David R. Sibley, Israel Hanin, Michael Kuhar

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INDEX

hallucinogens and, 639640

migraine management, 766767

Attention-decit hyperactivity disorder

lateral hypothalamus, 481485

Cannabinoid receptors. See also Marijuana

history of, 370

Continuous performance test (CPT)

susceptibility gene identication,

glutamatergic interactions, 575576

dystrobrevin binding protein 1

Fyn tyrosine kinase

g-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB)

long-term neurochemical change,

chromosomal abnormalities, 328331

NEO-ve factor inventory (NEO-FFI)

dependence and withdrawal therapy

Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor

anxiety neurobiology, 1517

risk factors for addiction development,

GABAergic modication of dopamine

Prescription drugs. See also Opiates

animal models, 264265

brain imaging studies, 256260

serotonin receptor 5-HT2A-5-HT2C

chronic exposure and sensitization

Transient receptor potential V2 (TRPV2)

nicotine reinforcement substrates,

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