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  • 04 Hentschel

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    04 Hentschel

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    amandapost

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    di 5
    (ON THE RELEVANCE OF PHONETIC, PHONOLOGICAL, AND MORPHONOLOGICAL LEVELS IN CONTRASTIVE PHONOLOGY inrosing theres problems of eontrative phonology ithas Sesto alto bbe made det which Kind ofcontrstve phonology meant. There aro, I be lieve, two hascallycferent type of conteastive phonological investigation, “The dilfrense between the fr le made p hy redioent target hey alt ‘On the one had. the phonologicl nye of two or mre languages may be fonts wan doing rowarch in the eal of language typology, looking or nniversl proce ad fants, Within hit an be demonstested how pho tet poor are derived from more abstract Ives. Twill bo invstignted “which segments, procenns and features ae involved prooeding from a ost Tontract petape tarphouclglal lve, polly over Ie abstract phono- Toplal one toa oor abetact phonati etl, both ia ast language et nin ‘ meond language I (diegram below). ua Le (wore (meri) (aoc! fen! (phone) phones ‘Te sring point inthis way of eortrarting Ube coand atoms of two Tan tguages wth ach others that both languages pay the sme roe, thot ta soy {hat cech level af language L-1 ie of tho ame importance us the eoresponding level of language L-, Ths again rnste fom hal of the compari: itis ‘nat done frie own make, ths in ore to deliver sights in unfrersl aspects ‘ofsound pattaaa gn the data of to langues. 38 6. Hees But it not thie typo of eateuntive phonology that ll be deal with in the following "The second typo isa contrstivg phonology a the area € pone intr- {onenee (which of conse taey alo dalver neigh to unter szpcts of ound ‘ttarna).Aloady the notion ofinerteence hints atthe eral diferenos oe End of contraetivephasology mentianed bor. Tn a comparon of this typ the two languages involved do play difrent roles One language hos 1 play the “active part, that i, it wil be the intertring one, The other takes cree ‘he passive par. Is the coe thet ellen the interfrence, ‘Tho olflets of eno language L-2intrfring in another language Ll ean bo observed in data of two iferent kinds: ii, on the bai of defective pe ‘ntndatlon of language L- by native apeakes of L-; secon, on the bass ‘of phonic developtncots thet lan words from L-1 undergo when bing san ‘ed by I, Iisa well inowo ft, that similar sound subtutions can be ob- tervad in the two miblinde of language eantact. ‘Coming now tthe main pont, ue to th wlevaneo of phoncti, phonalogieal, ‘nd morphonologcal levels in conteasive phonology under the aspect of pooic fnterrence, Polish willbe the Interfering language L-2 and German Ue las gsge curing intorferencoT-1. What wal be disused le whieh lovale af ‘which of the tx langoagesare involved in the perception and reproduction if {German maluly on the bas of poreptian and eeproduetion ofthe Cerna ‘ular sound by native spanks uf Posh loaking forfurthreedouce Wi Jn German oan word in Polish ‘When doing research inthe pereeptin of German sounds by eative paakors of Pols fom Ostobor 1082 co Angust 1085 atthe Jogo Uni- ‘versity af Cracow, Lhd the chance to observe how the bick Genaan Kesound fs pereived and reprduced. Severe! formants were talked 0 repeat 15a Vleet an inital R, the 15 Garman monuphthong vowds always ance the ride and the consonant {tat the end. The initia Teaound ws ther wn ‘era retire [Uf] ora fiction) The Germs voice delves the ex plsto bezepeatd ued bot ecunds as Zaulative asians now cass wong, ‘ut eat tothe avular vibrant (1 The impact ofthis phonetic variauc on the evsepion de must le examined oor thorooghly ‘Thedillowing obsrvations cold be ude ia the ropeodotion of thes oy les by the informants ‘One fepentwnlatition foe German ovalar was the velar Satine [x] ‘sin Poi (eid) or the palatal flats] in the Polish tomo for “Chin Ching), or even Hesound [5] that muy substitute for both of the force unit eau lal dial act. "A second ary Squat aubstittion was — mot tciklugly tome — a ound ‘ear the British Eaglsh Raoundasin Engh row tae voiced tin Tee, postleeaar []. Sometime thie was secompaniod hy a more o ow div eros of pati, phony ot mono le 20 tinct vibration (in omer cue hoon Bt aely fur more back on, than ia ‘normal Poi Reaticaltion, ‘Neto tegen wae an articulation of tho nor Polish pil Ras well tn scoeptolo ition of Gorman back R "Dhere wos st at no bios nfenes of the felling rowel, bu thie again ‘vill be examined more sorely on another ocesion, ‘Without going inte dal, whet hae happened in tho satiation mentioned is preonmmbly he follwing Subwtiseion of the Geman beck sound by aa tra cate [x] a palatal eeative (oF by on sound Incas te intor- tation of Germs bck Rann allopone of ack lative phoneme fx ke Fhe one to be observed in th Pal paonolopelwytem, Furthermore that i ‘resol just the etelatary base tthe pisological nab eltng fom {infuntine movement ofthe epeash organ that rasde tho nativospoakers of ‘Plsh articulate [xo] i combed by the question Tyas aed by almost lf my informants, Namely, wheter thore was efx] the rela ote, or an {Resound at the beidnakng he text word, which daily indiontes thot there ism phonologieal asnterpretation behind this substsion, Repeially this Subutttion makes clr, that ib the phonotio dats of Garman and not its ‘phonologe system that was taken under acoount in the reproduction forts ‘of my Polis intron, "Ths i, in the ome and, nothing more than undestandable, eeanse fn formants withont Kuowedge of the German laguage (and thet as th ease for all but aw of thy people) have abuolutely no les shoxt the phonsogicl ‘elation f Cetnan, On the otberband, thiomesns ht the lings investi {ex has to take inte aconnt fib of al the phonotie dats of gin foreign Tenguage L-, wha tring to find out what dietoe might ara fer native ‘speakers of mother Inngoage L-2 earing Ll “oofhor wd, the iu into Trubelrkay’'Slb" (tows the German word} ofe mother language 1-2 heat bs the phonetics ofthe foeige langage Ll. Phonological regulate ofthe foregn lengua Lot are inpartant only when Investigating in how far ah interference marred promunsation of tbat lan- {Guoze 1-1 dita commaneation in -1.Stelety speaking, in contrast tothe ‘howeicdste of Tr, sey ar ietevant for fnng out paeeption wd repro: tion diflelies encounter by native apeakere of L-2. ‘Obiotly the phonetic dats of Geeman slowed asco intepeetation of ‘wack Germ BR nemely ao asnetber of on) — phoneme, nll to tho Pols ‘ove Ths es bean wit any doable when th eran sound in dseusion Sno teptoduved fm the form of Use narmal Pol opal vibea 1] of as » rua cotive (acne to aaceptablo German artclatlon, which i for some Iitive speakers of Poh a indvideal ylation ofthe Polish ef phoneme ‘Al of my informants, however, raid the Belch /r-phoneme a4 an apical ‘ant » 6, Renta ‘Tho mbelitaton by at Raound sinlar to an RP-Baglch one may sare ‘somewhat stange- On the one hand Cave no doubt that this eubsti¢etion gives clear evidensfor nintarpetation of back German Rss phoselogially, Incase the abwence of Seton do not allow an interpretation ae 4 velar ‘tative [A furthr argument fr this an be that vibration occasionally ‘mesure when a sound was produced at this placo of erialstion. ‘On tha other aad aang to the peinsipls of Naturl Phonology, 98 ‘oralated by Stamp (1978) and Donegua( 107s), thi sbsttation may ind ‘te compecmisn stata of British and American post-lveoar Resound the type mentioned in compara Yo apa and uelar sound. We ea al ste comprombe satus Ia the senso that a urular Round in artcdatory ‘ermismore distinc from any known L-eourd than apial e-sound is, leaving for example RP-Baglah Rin the mde. Obviouly this coco type of ‘Rie the most bask non-ieatvacontnuant — sper Sow the ld f) ~ that ‘ative speakers of Polish could acopt as a momber ofan phoneme trying 4 aciclate it in w masimally back ponion, ‘Hoving undavined the priuty relevance ofthe phoneto val ofthe foreign languege when tying to frees or expan th phon interfrence by a mother Ingnge, Twill now dines whic levle of the later, in our cae Polish, 250 cf importance inthis conte. ‘The alternation between — phonetically speaking — Voi f] aud the (iene (](unvieed 6) has lb enaidene a pt of the sompelance of sy native speaker of Pull, Syaehconcall, this alternation ean be expla ‘when morphologies facts are taken into accouns, eg. BY deviving both sounds om one great of an aharatt morphonaogin! love. Far the occurence of that typeof catlve sound without alternation Ake in Polish

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