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Chemistry is the study of the composition, nature, and properties of matter and the
changes it undergoes
A. Scanning Electron Microscope reveals tiny structures by beaming electrons at
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materials
Branches of Chemistry (6)
A. Organic Chemistry- study of carbon containing compounds
B. Inorganic Chemistry- study of all substances not classified as organic (no carbon)
C. Physical Chemistry- study of the properties and changes of matter and their
relation to energy
D. Analytical Chemistry- Identification of the components and composition of
materials
E. Biochemistry- study of substances and processes occurring in living things
F. Theoretical Chemistry- use of mathematics and computers to understand the
principles behind observed chemical behavior and to design and predict the
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D. Chemical Properties
1. Relates to a substances ability to undergo changes that transform it into
different substances
2. Easiest to see when substances form new substances
- Ex. Ability of charcoal to burn in Air
E. Chemical Change
1. Change in which one or more substances are converted into different
substances
2. Substances that react are the reactants
3. Substances that are formed by the chemical change are called the products
4. Conservation of Mass always applies
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Elements
A. Vertical Columns are called groups
1. Each element of a group has similar properties
B. Horizontal rows are called periods
1. Physical and chemical properties vary in a period
C. Lathanide and Actinide Series
Types of Elements
A. Metals
1. Metallic luster
- Exception of gold and copper
2. Conductor of heat and electricity
3. Solid at Room temperature
4. Malleable
5. Ductile
6. Tensile strength
7. Mercury liquid at room temperature
B. Copper: A Representative Metal
1. Reddish color and a metallic luster
2. Conducts electricity
C. Nonmetals
1. Gases at room temperature
- Exception is bromine which is a liquid
2. Poor conductor of electricity and heat
3. Fewer nonmetals than metals
D. Phosphorous: A Representative Nonmetal
1. One of 5 solid nonmetals
2. 2 common forms
- Red Phosphorous
- White phosphorous
- Too reactive to exist in pure form in nature
3. Metalloids
- Some characteristics of metals and some of nonmetals
- Solids at room temperature
- Less malleable than metals but not as brittle as nonmetals
- Somewhat metallic luster
- Semicondcutors of electricity
- 7 Nonmetals
- Boron
- Silicon
- Germanium
- Arsenic
- Tellurium
- Polonium
- Antimony
4. Noble Gasses
- Group 18
- Low reactivity
CHAPTER 1 REVIEW
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Chemistry is the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matters and
changes
6 Branches of Chemistry
Chemical is a pure substance
3 types of research
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