compensated for by the characteristics of this process.

To understand this, keep in mindthat with the proper voltage setting,

amperage setting, and arc length, the rate that the wiremelts is dependent upon the amperage. If the amperage decreases,

this melt-off ratedecreases and if the amperage increases, so does the melt-off
rate.1.9.2.2In Figure 21, we see that condition #2 produces the desired arc length, voltage,and amperage. If the arc length
is increased as in #1, the voltage increases slightly; theamperage decreases considerably, and therefore, the melt-off rate of
the wire decreases.The wire is now feeding faster than it is meltingoff. This condition will advance the end of thewire
towards the work piece until the proper arclength is reached where again, the melt-off rateequals the feeding rate. If the arc
length isdecreased as in #3, the voltage drops offslightly, the amperage is increasedconsiderably, and the melt-off rate of the
wireincreases. Since the wire is now melting offfaster than it is being fed, it melts back to theproper arc length where the
melt-off rateequals the feeding rate. This is often referredto as a self-adjusting arc. These automaticcorrections take place
in fractions of a second,and usually without the operator being awareof them.1.9.2.3There are a variety of different welding
machines, each with its own uniqueinternal design. Our purpose is not to detail the function of each part of the machine, but
toemphasize that their main difference is in the way they control the voltage and amperageoutput. 1.9.3Types of Welding
Power Sources - A great variety of welding power sourcesare being built today for electric arc welding and we shall mention
some of the major typesbriefly. Welding power sources can be divided into two main categories: static types androtating
types.1.9.3.1Static Types - Static type power sources are all of those that use commerciallygenerated electrical power to
energize a transformer that, in turn, steps the line voltagedown to useable welding voltages. The two major categories of
static power sources arethe transformer type and the rectifier type. 123VOLTS40302010100200300400AMPERESVOLT / AMPERE
CURVE - CONSTANT VOLTAGEFIGURE 21

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