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I take the vision which comes from dreams and apply the magic of science and mathematics, adding
the heritage of my profession and my knowledge of nature's materials to create a design.
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Foundation Design
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Foundation is the base of any structure. Without a solid foundation, the structure would not hold for
long. We have to be very cautious with the design of foundations because our entire structure rests on
Structural Design
the foundation. The job of a foundation is to transfer the loads of the building safely to the ground.
Design
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The strength of the foundation determines the life of the structure. As we discussed in the earlier
article, design of foundation depends on the type of soil, type of structure and its load. Higher the load
bearing capacity of the soil, the larger the load it could safely carry.
Foundations are basically divided into Shallow Foundations and Deep Foundations.
In this article, we are going discuss the step by step guide to Column Footing Design for a shallow
foundation.
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so as to distribute load.
Footings shall be designed to sustain the applied loads, moments and forces and the induced
reactions and to ensure that any settlement which may occur shall be as uniform as possible and the
safe bearing capacity of soil is not exceeded.
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In sloped or stepped footings, the effective cross-section in compression shall be limited by the area
above the neutral plane, and the angle of slope or depth and location of steps should be such that the
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Formwork
Formwork
Challenges ? We
Have The Solutions !
Step 1
Area required for footing
Square = B = (w+w1)/P0
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Step 2
Bending Moment
Critical section for maximum bending moment is taken at the face of the column
For a square footing,
Mxx = q x B/8 (L a)2
Mxx = q x L/8 (B b)2
Myy = q x B/8 (L a)2
Step 3
To fix the depth of the footing shall be greater of the following:
Depth from bending moment consideration
d = (M/Qb)
where, Q = moment of required factor
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0.16fck
Step 4
Check for two way shear
Critical section for two way shear is considered at a distance at a distance d/2 from all the faces of the
column.
SF, V = q [ B2 (b + d)2]
SF, V = q [L x B (a + d)(b + d)]
Nominal shear stress, Tv = V/2((a+d)(b+d)d) - {for a rectangle
Tv =
V/4((b+d)d)
Tv =
k . Tc
k = 0.5 + > 1
Tc =
- {for a square
0.16fck
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352
Related posts:
1. Column Bases | Design of Steel Structures
2. Introduction to Design of RCC Structures
3. Sinking Foundation and Repair | Identifying Foundation problems
This entry was posted by BenzuJK on June 15, 2010, 12:01 am and is filed under Building Construction. You can
follow any responses to this entry through RSS 2.0.
columns, concrete, Design of Column footing, Footing, Foundation, Foundation Design, Guide, Guide to
Foundation Design, Importance of Foundation Design, RCC Footing Design, Steel
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Civil Projects Home Building Construction Guide to Foundation Design | Column Footings
COMMENTS (364)
RELATED POSTS
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If somebody dont tie the column reinforcement to the mesh below then what will be the possible type of
failures.
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Pgina 9 de 84
If u do not tie your column to the bottom mesh then there will be joint failure (probably cracks in
diagonal direction will arise that is shear failure) between column and the other member.
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not required. Instead we can have 15 cm concrete belt with some additional rods running through out
the plinth. Please advice.
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Regards,
Peris
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Once you know the average weight of the machines and the number of machines that your design
supports you can then move on with the load calculations. More than the live load of the workers or
technicians, consideration of the dead load of the machinery plays a vital in the design of Generator
Building.
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09-04-2016
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dear sir,,
i want to build up a flat RCC roof for roofing area of 43.4x313. so i need the rod calculation formula and
also the roofing diagram.
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i need details load, vibration and wind force calculation tank foundation as folloing:
1.0 Foundation size = 8500 mm x 3200mm and need height
2.0 need re-bar datails fourmula
3.0 tank weight = 13 ton
i hope my request will receive kindly consideration by you..
Regards
Ram
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is there two shear in any other RCC member apart from footing?
thank you
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It generally causes cracks in the RCC members. Two way shear is said to occur when the horizontal
stresses occur from either sides of the members causing it to crack or result in crushing of the structural
members if not designed properly.
Punching shear
It generally occurs between a column and a footing. The column tries to punch itself inside the footing
because of the excessive stress on it. This could cause weak joints between columns and footings and
also lead to structural failure.
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results in its stability and strength. Structural cracks might appear if one fails to do so.
As i have already explained earlier, four loads are to be considered in order to measure total load
on the footing:
1) Self load of the column x Number of floors
2) Self load of beams x Number of floors
3) Load of walls coming onto the column
4) Total Load on slab (Dead load + Live load)
I hope I have made it clear.
Benzujk
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need not worry about it. It would not affect the strength of the construction. I suggest, before you plan on
initiating the construction, you should go for land surveying and get the important details which will help
you figure out what kind of foundation is to be laid and if the construction is feasible in such a site. If you
have any further questions regarding the construction, you are most welcome.
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abbas :hello friends i find this website very interestingi ve learnt many things through
it.thank you for sharing your experiences with us.i am a newcomer from senegal:
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Thanks,
Kurian
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Raft foundation is used only in case of extremely weak soils. Isolated footing can be used even for a 10
storey building if the soil is moderately strong.
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hello Benz
i want to know the procedure of machine foundation for 11kv isolator machine and transformer. . in some
textbook they simply consider 0.12percent GA. . how the ecentricity calculation for this point load and hence
moment. . also for mode of vibration and frequency check. .please guide me
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3. Are these rectangular shaped columns have the same structural strength as a square shaped one of same
size ( say 9 x 16 versus 12 x 12 )
4. Does the placement direction of these rectangular columns ( i.e the facing of wider & narrower side ) need
any specifications or can be faced as per the rooms partition requirements?
Suresh :
Hello sir,
1. Can u tel me the purpose and necessary of provide tapered footing in residential
building?
2. Difference between tapered footing and block footing?
Tapered footing and block footing are two alternatives that can be used for the same purpose.
Tapered footing is sloped at all four sides whereas block footing is a single step footing.
Isolated footings are of two types:
1) Tapered footing
2) Stepped footing
Tapered footing which I guess you are referring to as sloped footing, is used in case of small constructions
such as bungalows, duplexes or G+1 structures. The reason why it is used in smaller structures is that it is
economical as compared to stepped footings.
Stepped footings
They are used in case of multi-storied constructions. Use of Tapered footing in multistoried buildings proves
to be uneconomical.
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i am constructing a single story building (shops) and laid foundations with 3 x 3 feet column foundations.
column had 4 x #5 size dia bars, we also had plinth beam. now the owner wants me to go for double story.
what minimum should i do with the foundation or with columns to go for double column, help
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why it is not necessary to do rubble soling beneath the footing if the same footing rest on the hard rock. and
why some consultants suggest to do double layer of rubble soling beneath the footing?
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Dear Benzu
I want to know about following foundation Procedure.
01.Machine Foundation
a. Wt 123TN b. Suppliers Recommended foundation size 12m x 5m. Also Supply Moment x,y & z axis.
c. 750rm.
02. Foundation design of Fuel storage Tank 25m dia 18m Ht , Fuel Capacity 8000kl.
Thanks with best Regards
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how would you calculate storey shear and storey moment in kanis method of frame analysis(side sway
type).I know its formula but my values are not satisfactory with my study material.Can you help me?
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the landing gear tires can roll a bit during an earthquake, to insure that no stress can develop, but return to
the center once earth motion ceases (an anchor chain will become taut if the travel nears the pillar
perimeter).
Air is maintained in the landing gear struts so that they absorb shock such as from an earthquake. The
inflation height of the struts is easily adjusted so as to level the aircraft, even if the support pillars height
changes a bit over time.
For the left main gear pillar, Im currently considering a conventional circular concrete pad onto which an
unconventional pillar is assembled as follows: Ordinary 10 cm diameter ABS sewer pipe would be stacked
vertically one next to another, in an array which forms a 3 Meter diameter pillar shape, and held together with
outer circular perimeter steel bands or similar. At least four steel rods would be inserted through the sewer
pipes, each from the top of one side of the pillar to the bottom of the opposite side of the pillar, as diagonal
members so as to prevent tilting of the pillar. The tops of the pipes would be cut so as to form the bowl
shaped concave top. Each pipe would be filled with concrete and one centered reinforcing bar, or perhaps
simply filled with gravel (or a combination, such as concrete fill for the center most pipes, where the tires
normally rest, but gravel for the outer pipes).
A steel or similar culvert pipe to house the array of vertical sewer pipes is a conceptually easier option, and I
continue to consider that. However, 3 meter diameter culvert is expensive and somewhat awkward to
transport.
A conventional solid concrete pillar strikes me as likely quite expensive, and perhaps more difficult to
assemble (due in significant part to the large reinforcing bar structure presumably required). It would also be
far more difficult to disassemble. And my sense is that it would be far stronger than is necessary.
I remain fully open to any ideas however any concept which addresses the need most efficiently will
ultimately win my heart. Im an electrical circuit design engineer, not a civil nor structural engineer. So this is
generally outside of my skills. In general, I prefer thoughtful exploratory approaches which yield improved
efficiency over an unimaginative default to conventional design. However, if a conventional design simply
proves to be the best option, then it would win my heart.
Id appreciate any thoughts or references you have, including the basics for the construction of the circular
base pad.
Thanks so much and regards, Bruce
Hillsboro, OR 97123-9074
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http://www.AirplaneHome.com (http://www.AirplaneHome.com/Images/22Sep2011ImagesCatalog.htm)
http://www.HikokiIe.com
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khan :
what is the difference between one way shear and two way shear?
thank you
hi benzu mam
I want to know , how to fix the depth of isolated footing?
Which are the factors that influence the depth of footing?
Is there any codes that specifies the isolated footing depths?
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i want to design a singly reinforced T-beam by entering some data i.e. depth 300mm, width of beam
-250mm, clear span-6.5mt, M-20, fe-415, bearing of simply support -250mm, please help me for solve me
the problem and guide me.
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sir,
I design a three floor building column footing, 100cmx100cm size. 23cm rcc,then followed by 45cm to sloped.
10mm bar used for net. column size 23cmx35cm. this design is satisfied for the building.
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Dear madam/sir,
I am constructing R.C.C. building for 2099 Sq.ft. plinth area . Foundation work completed . All column tied
with tie beam on ground and it is completed upto slab level.
1) No of column= 19 nos.
2) Size of column= 12*12
3) Footing size = 4 * 4
4) Dia of rod = 04 nos. of 16mm
5) Foundation is 1.2 m below ground level and .90 m plinth ht. above ground level. Also we have three nos.
span of length 5.5 m from c/c of column.
Can i construct the building upto G+1 safely . Also can you suggest me as on thumb rule for beam size and
the reinforcement dia and nos.
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Cheers
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BenzuJK :
Hello Mr. Kuttan,
You can always keep in touch with me through my site. You can ask any questions that
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have regarding the construction field. Will try me best to help you whenever possible.
Benzu
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hai mam
am building a G+2 storey house in a land that was previously a paddy field. It was slushy / marshy land in
which I filled with soil in 2001about 3-5 feet deep. Now i am planning to construct this house and my
foundations sizes 1.2M wide & 0.3M depth (bars 10mm@175c/c top and bottom, stirrups 8@150c/c and am
not going to go deep foundation i ill construct with existing ground level) along with the columns and walls (all
around) my columns size is 0.50.15m (bars 8nos12mm)total 13 nos columns and span is like 2.5 to 3 meter
and 2nos maximum span is 4.5m is it ok Another suggestion was well foundation. Please comment.
Thanks,
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Hello Anupam,
I feel you should trust the Architect. If he has given you a heavy design, it will cause no harm to your
building. It would only be harmful if he would have given a lighter design. It would have been cheaper but
disastrous. He is a professional, he will know better. So, I suggest that you should trust him.
BenzuJK
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Size of Columns proposed are 12 x 9 with 6Nos of 16mm dia and size of Beams are 12 x 9 with 5 Nos of
12mm dia rods. (depth of footing is considered as 6 below EGL.)
Could you please comment if the column & beam sizes are reasonably okay.
Thanks,
Rama.
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gallon 500 small RCC over head tank. Height is 9 ft. I have a few knowledge with this design. That is why
how can I calculate about the foundation design? Would you mind, please help me.
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Hello,
i am looking at building several brick columns 26x26x10 tall. what should my base be? nothing will be attach
to the columns, the inside will be hollow.
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with regards
Donnabel
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How to repair cracks on Concrete Foundation/Pedestal for BMU Steel Tracks? What are the causes of
cracks or failures of concrete pedestal or foundation for BMU Steel Track?
Rahmani :
Benz
thanks for all best information could you please send me a foundation book the updated
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Sir i cam across this very site not quiet long ago. Please sir i am a student of civil Engineering 500 Level.
Pleas sir can you help me out to be strong in structure? I really love to be a good and qualify Engineer. I
dont mine if starting the course fresh with you, to enable have more knowledge in this field. Sir below is my
Email: ogbenistephenehizojie@yahoo.com. My Phone Number : +2348032657209. I we really appreciate a
lot if you can help me to achieve my dream. Thanks
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The size of the plot is 175ft x 80ft (the house where I am staying at present itself has covered 90ft x 40ft ).
N.B.- I WANT A SMALL BUT A LOVELY COMPACT HOUSE.
Kindly advise,
Thank you in advance,
Deep
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Civil Projects Online now offers Architectural and Structural Design Services
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Hello Kenli,
Check out our professional design services.
Civil Projects Online now offers Architectural and Structural Design Services
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I want to design the structural analysis of footing foundation and Bar detail having acolumn 0.3*0.4m with
4tone of load acting on the column. please can you show me the detail steps and it,s detail.
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Hello Murthy,
I strongly suggest that you follow the design procedures put up on the website. There is no such thumb
rule for the number of footings. That would be very wrong. Every project is different and has to be
designed carefully. I hope you got my point.
Cheers
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We have emailed you regarding your query. We look forward to hearing from you.
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The Bearing capacity of the soil is not mentioned. The minimum diameter for footing is 12mm dia depth of
footing not less than 15 inches using M25 concrete column minimum 12mm dia bar col. size 300x300mm
is sufficient footing size is 5-0 5-0 for 100Kn/Sqm bearing capacity
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Dear benz .I purchased a two story building but foundation is without column it 15 year old building can you
tell me it is safe for long time year.
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Respected Sir
I have plot of land 5080 feet having steep terrain in lose soil. I want to construct 4 storied building. Kindly
help me foundation design. Thanking you Sir
Regards,
Joy Koyu
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If it is an RCC framed structure, the walls dont carry any load. But for protection from natural elements like
rain, summer heat and some insulation from winter cold, it is recommended to build 9 thick external walls.
Internal walls are partition walls, so a 4 thick wall should suffice.
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Sir, i have to construct a framed building in a soil of SBC of 100Tons/m2. The load from the coloumns is
approximately 50Tons/m2. The footing size calculated is nearly 0.50m2. Is is practically possible. Please
inform the minimum width of footing if any.
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http://www.civilprojectsonline.com/building-construction/guide-to-foundation-design-column-footings/
09-04-2016
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beam 23cm wide & 15cm thick with 4 bars 12 mm dia and 2 bars 16 mm dia to withstand load of that wall &
slab above it .
http://www.civilprojectsonline.com/building-construction/guide-to-foundation-design-column-footings/
09-04-2016
Pgina 81 de 84
Haiii,
I am a fresh one in this field, can u explane how to do footing ???
http://www.civilprojectsonline.com/building-construction/guide-to-foundation-design-column-footings/
09-04-2016
Pgina 82 de 84
http://www.civilprojectsonline.com/building-construction/guide-to-foundation-design-column-footings/
09-04-2016
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Footing size and steel depends on the safe bearing capacity of soil. Same thing, no simple answer.
What your architect has proposed seems safe from my experience for a G+1 building. But there are some
unknowns too.
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http://www.civilprojectsonline.com/building-construction/guide-to-foundation-design-column-footings/
09-04-2016
http://www.civilprojectsonline.com/building-construction/guide-to-foundation-design-column-footings/
Pgina 84 de 84
09-04-2016