CHAPTER 1: FUNCTIONS

1.1

Relations

A relation connects elements in set A (domain) to elements in set B (codomain) according

to the definition of the relation.
Relation can be represented in 3 forms:
1. Ordered pair
2. Arrow diagram
3. Graph

Example 1
Set A = {4, 9, 16, 25}
Set B = {2, 3, 4, 5}
Relation: Square root of
Ordered Pair

Arrow Diagram

Graph

{ (4,2), (9,3), (16,4), (25,5) }

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1.1.1

Domain and Codomain

In the relation between one set and another, the first set is known as the domain and the
second set is known as the codomain.
Elements in the domain are called objects, while elements in the codomain mapped to the
objects is called image.
Elements in the codomain not mapped to the objects are not the image.
All image in codomain can be written as a set known as range.

Example 2

Domain = {3, 4, 5}
Codomain = {7, 9, 12, 15}
Range = {9, 12, 15}

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1.1.2

Types of Relation
Relation can be classified into 4 types:
1. One-to-one relation
2. Many-to-one relation
3. One-to-many relation
4. Many-to-many relation

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1.2

Function

A function is a relation in which every element in the domain has a unique image (exactly
one) in the codomain.

1.3

Function
One-to-one relation
Many-to-one relation

Not Function
One-to-many relation
Many-to-many relation

Notation of Function

The function above can be written as:

y = f(x) or f: x f(x)
Example 3
Given the function f(x) = 5x + 1, find the value of
1. f(2)
2. f(-3)
2
3. f 5

()

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1.4

Composite Function

If function f(X) = Y and g(Y) = Z, thus, composite function is gf(X) = Z

Example 4
If f(x) = 2x + 5 and g(x) = x2 1, find gf(2).
1.4.1

Composite Function using Comparison Method

Example 5
Given f(x) = hx + k, g(x) = (x + 1)2 + 4 and fg(x) = 2(x+1)2 + 5. Find the value of g2(2) and the
value of h and k.
1.4.2

Finding a New Function from Composite Function (Case A)

Example 6
A function f is defined by f(x) = 2x + 5. Find the function g if fg(x) = 3x 8.
1.4.3

Finding a New Function from Composite Function (Case B)

Example 7
A function f is defined as f(x) = x + 2. Find the function gf(x) = x2 + 3x + 5.

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1.5

Inverse Function

Example 8
Given f(x) = 5x 4, find the inverse function.

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