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    1) A primate city is defined as being at least twice as large as the next largest city in a country and capturing a disproportionately large share of the country's population and economic activity. Paris is provided as an example of a primate city that truly represents and serves as the focal point of France. 2) Some key examples of countries with primate cities are provided, such as Paris (9.6 million) dominating France while Marseilles has only 1.3 million, and London (7 million) greatly exceeding Birmingham (1 million) in the UK. 3) Examples are also given of countries that lack a primate city, such as India, China, Canada, Australia, and

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    1) A primate city is defined as being at least twice as large as the next largest city in a country and capturing a disproportionately large share of the country's population and economic activity. Paris is provided as an example of a primate city that truly represents and serves as the focal point of France. 2) Some key examples of countries with primate cities are provided, such as Paris (9.6 million) dominating France while Marseilles has only 1.3 million, and London (7 million) greatly exceeding Birmingham (1 million) in the UK. 3) Examples are also given of countries that lack a primate city, such as India, China, Canada, Australia, and

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    Primatecities

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    1) A primate city is defined as being at least twice as large as the next largest city in a country and capturing a disproportionately large share of the country's population and economic activity. Paris is provided as an example of a primate city that truly represents and serves as the focal point of France. 2) Some key examples of countries with primate cities are provided, such as Paris (9.6 million) dominating France while Marseilles has only 1.3 million, and London (7 million) greatly exceeding Birmingham (1 million) in the UK. 3) Examples are also given of countries that lack a primate city, such as India, China, Canada, Australia, and

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    PrimateCities

    TheLawofthePrimateCityandtheRankSizeRule
    ByMattRosenberg,About.comGuide
    Acountry'sleadingcityisalwaysdisproportionatelylargeandexceptionallyexpressiveofnational
    capacityandfeeling.Theprimatecityiscommonlyatleasttwiceaslargeasthenextlargestcityandmore
    thantwiceassignificant.MarkJefferson,1939
    GeographerMarkJeffersondevelopedthelawoftheprimatecitytoexplainthephenomenonofhugecities
    thatcapturesuchalargeproportionofacountry'spopulationaswellasitseconomicactivity.These
    primatecitiesareoften,butnotalways,thecapitalcitiesofacountry.Anexcellentexampleofaprimate
    cityisParis,whichtrulyrepresentsandservesasthefocusofFrance.
    Theydominatethecountryininfluenceandarethenationalfocalpoint.Theirsheersizeandactivity
    becomesastrongpullfactor,bringingadditionalresidentstothecityandcausingtheprimatecityto
    becomeevenlargerandmoredisproportionaltosmallercitiesinthecountry.However,noteverycountry
    hasaprimatecity,asyou'llseefromthelistbelow.
    Somescholarsdefineaprimatecityasonethatislargerthanthecombinedpopulationsofthesecondand
    thirdrankedcitiesinacountry.Thisdefinitiondoesnotrepresenttrueprimacy,however,asthesizeofthe
    firstrankedcityisnotdisproportionatetothesecond.
    Thelawcanbeappliedtosmallerregionsaswell.Forexample,California'sprimatecityisLosAngeles,
    withametropolitanareapopulationof16million,whichismorethandoubletheSanFrancisco
    metropolitanareaof7million.EvencountiescanbeexaminedwithregardtotheLawofthePrimateCity.

    ExamplesofCountriesWithPrimateCities

    Paris(9.6million)isdefinitelythefocusofFrancewhileMarseilleshasapopulationof1.3
    million.
    Similarly,theUnitedKingdomhasLondonasitsprimatecity(7million)whilethesecondlargest
    city,Birmingham,ishometoamereonemillionpeople.
    MexicoCity,Mexico(8.6million)outshinesGuadalajara(1.6million).
    AhugedichotomyexistsbetweenBangkok(7.5million)andThailand'ssecondcity,Nanthaburi
    (481,000).

    ExamplesofCountriesthatLackPrimateCities

    India'smostpopulouscityisMumbai(formerlyBombay)with16million;secondisKolkata
    (formerlyCalcutta)withmorethan13million;andthirdislessthan13million.
    China,Canada,Australia,andBrazilareadditionalexamplesofnonprimatecitycountries.
    UtilizingthemetropolitanareapopulationofurbanareasintheUnitedStates,wefindthatthe
    U.S.lacksatrueprimatecity.WiththeNewYorkCitymetropolitanareapopulationat
    approximately21million,secondrankedLosAngelesat16million,andeventhirdranked
    Chicagoat9million,Americalacksaprimatecity.

    RankSizeRule
    In1949,GeorgeZipfdevisedhistheoryofranksizeruletoexplainthesizecitiesinacountry.He
    explainedthatthesecondandsubsequentlysmallercitiesshouldrepresentaproportionofthelargestcity.
    Forexample,ifthelargestcityinacountrycontainedonemillioncitizens,Zipfstatedthatthesecondcity
    wouldcontainonehalfasmanyasthefirst,or500,000.Thethirdwouldcontainonethirdor333,333,the
    fourthwouldbehometoonequarteror250,000,andsoon,withtherankofthecityrepresentingthe
    denominatorinthefraction.
    Whilesomecountries'urbanhierarchysomewhatfitsintoZipf'sscheme,latergeographersarguedthathis
    modelshouldbeseenasaprobabilitymodelandthatdeviationsaretobeexpected.

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