Semi Precious Stones Booklet For Una 16 Pages

AGATE
AGATE
Origin and History
Agate was discovered with the Stone Age man in France 20,000-16,000 BC. The Egyptians
used it prior to 3000 BC. Agate was highly valued by ancient civilisations. Said by the
ancients to render the wearer invisible. The agate-working industry grew up centuries ago in
the Idar-Oberstein district of Germany, where agates were abundant. Cameos are cut from
stones, such as onyx or agate, where different colours occur in layers. The background
material is cut away, leaving the cameo design in relief. Agate is one of the gemstones, that
used in commesso, also called orentine mosaic. Commesso is a technique of fashioning
pictures with thin, cut-to-shape pieces of brightly coloured, semiprecious stones, developed in
Florence in the late 16th century. The stones most commonly used are a\gates, quartzes,
chalcedonies, jaspers, granites, porphyries, petried woods, and lapis lazuli. Commesso
pictures, used mainly for tabletops and small wall panels, range from emblematic and oral
subjects to landscapes. Agate derives its name from the Greek "Agate" meaning
happy. According to another theory the word Agate comes from the Greek name of a stone
found in the Achates River in Sicily, now known as the Drillo River, which still remains a
major source of this stone.
AGATE
Healing Properties of Stones
Agate is the stone for self-expression, creativity, health and good fortune. It makes it much
easier to open up oneself. Soothes emotions and pain. Sensitizes and attunes senses. Helps to
develop powers of eloquence, self-confidence and public-speaking. It is believed to be of
special benefit to athletes and to those taking any kind of examination or test mental or
physical. It eases a sore throat and takes away the hoarseness. This stone also works directly
with the nervous system to alleviate physical tension and is said to be a treatment of arthritis,
skeletal conditions, and as an aid to digestion. General healing, reduces fever, hardens tender
gums, gives courage and banishes fear.
AGATE
Geographical deposits of Stones
Important sources of agate are Russia (Ural mountains), Brazil, Egypt, Germany, India, Italy,
Madagascar, Mexico, Uruguay and the USA (Oregon, Washington, Idaho, and Montana).
AGATE
Physical & Chemical Properties
Agate comes in most colours. Agates range from transparent to opaque in a variety of
beautiful colours. Agate presents various tints in the same specimen. The stones can be
articially stained to produce combinations of colour more vivid than those found in the
natural state. It is a semi-pellucid crystallised quartz, consisting of banded or with branching
inclusions chalcedony. Physical properties of agate are in general those of quartz. Agate has
irregular, sometimes circular bands of colour and often replaces fossil wood. Many fossils are
agatised material where the original organic substance has been replaced by agate while
retaining the original structure. Agates are identical in chemical structure to jasper, int,
chert, bloodstone, and tiger-eye, and are often found in association with opal. The colourful,
banded rocks are used as a semiprecious gemstone and for making mortars and pestles. One
will often see these in beads, agate pendants and necklaces. Agate Chemical Formula SiO2
Hardness 7.00 Specic
Gravity 2.61Refractive Index 1.53 - 1.54
AMETHYST
AMETHYST
Origin and History
The story of the origin of amethyst comes from Greek legends: The god of wine, Bacchus,
was insulted one day by a mere mortal. He swore the next mortal that crossed his path, would
be attacked by his erce tigers. Along came a beautiful maiden named Amethyst. Goddess
Diana turned Amethyst in a beautiful statue of quartz to save her from the tigers claws.
Remorseful Bacchus wept tears of wine over the stone maiden, creating a lively purple stone.
Purple colour has long been considered a royal colour so it is not surprising that amethyst has
been so popular through the history. Fine amethysts are featured in the British Crown Jewels
and were also a favourite of Catherine the Great and Egyptian royalty. There are evidences
that around 3,000 B. C. in Egypt and in anterior Asia were made jewels of Amethyst. The
Amethyst is perhaps as popular today as it was in ancient time. Amethyst derives its name
from Middle English amatist, from Old French, from Latin amethystus, from Greek
amethustos, not drunk or intoxicating.
AMETHYST
Amethyst is associated with spiritual awareness, meditation, balance, psychic abilities, inner
peace, healing and positive transformation. This stone brings an understanding of death and
rebirth and aids in past-life recall. Keep it under your pillow to cure insomnia and develop
intuitive powers. Also relieves stress and brings calmness in times of grief. Protects against
blood diseases, toxic effects of substances, acne, neuralgia and ts. Indispensable for curing
alcoholism and diabetes.
AMETHYST
Amethyst is mined in Brazil, Uruguay, Sri Lanka, Siberia, Canada, India, Bolivia, and Argentina and some African countries. Zambia being a signicant source for Amethyst. Generally,
amethyst from South America tends to be available in larger sizes than African amethyst but
amethyst from Africa has the reputation for having better, more saturated, colour in small
sizes. Very dark amethyst, mostly in small sizes, is also mined in Australia.
AMETHYST
Found in abundance, in its purest form, Amethyst is colourless. The nest quality Amethyst is
medium to medium dark in tone, vivid in intensity, and purple, reddish purple to bluish purple
in hue. Heating removes the colour from amethyst or changes it to the yellow of citrine. Most
commercial citrine is made in this manner. Amethyst is the most valuable transparent,
coarsegrained variety of the silica mineral quartz that is valued as a semiprecious gem for its
violet colour. It contains more iron oxide Fe2O3 than any other variety of quartz, and experts
believe that its colour arises from its iron content. Other theories attribute the colour to contained manganese or hydrocarbons. All forms of quartz (including amethyst) are piezoelectric,
making for important applications in electronics. Tourmaline is the only other gemstone that
possesses this property. Amethyst Chemical Formula SiO2 Hardness 7 Specic Gravity 2.6 2.7 Refractive Index 1.54 - 1.55
CARNELIAN
CARNELIAN:
Origin and History
Ancient Egyptian tombs are full of examples of Carnelian jewels, because of their belief
in the stones power in the afterlife. According to their system, amulets of Carnelian
could prove helpful in ensuring the Kas (the souls) passage into the next world. In
more modern times, Goethe attributed the powers of protection against evil, of continuation of hope and comfort, and of good luck. The blood-red varieties were greatly valued
by the ancients, who produced beautiful engravings in carnelian and also used them for
seals. Buddhists in China and India created amulets inlaid with Carnelian and other semi
-precious stones, ascribing to them powers of protection and utilising them for many
rituals. CITRINE: Citrine is a gemstone which has been used in Greece since the
Hellenistic period (end of the 4th to the end of the 1st century BC). The name citrine is
derived from the French word citron - lemon.
CARNELIAN
Stone associated with emotional warmth, creativity, reproduction, rebirth, reincarnation
and past life recall. Calms mind from fear of death and enforces belief in cycle of
birth-death. Excellent motivator in matters of business and career-choices. Brings
day-dreamers and absent minded professors to ground zero. Carnelian directly works on
lower chakras, so it dispels arthritis, rheumatism, lower back troubles, female
reproductive problems, increases fertility and cures impotence. Alleviates blood
poisoning, nose bleeds, wounds, sores, spasms and all ailments related to blood; besides
being a remedy for fever, neuralgia, allergies and infection.
CARNELIAN
Most carnelian on the market is stained chalcedony from Brazil or Uruguay. The nest
carnelian is found in India and Arabia.
CARNELIAN
Carnelian is a translucent form of the silica mineral chalcedony, which is a variety of
quartz. Carnelian ranges in colour from yellow or reddish-brown to a deep red. When it
grades into brown it is known as Sard. When it contains bands of white, it is known as
Sardonyx. Chemically, Carnelian is composed of Silicon Dioxide, SiO2, and gets its red
colour from Hematite (Iron Oxide-FeO2) impurities. Carnelian Chemical Formula SiO2
Hardness 7.00 Specic Gravity 2.60Refractive Index 1.53 - 1.54
CITRINE
CITRINE
Origin and History
Citrine is a gemstone which has been used in Greece since the Hellenistic period (end
of the 4th to the end of the 1st century BC). The name citrine is derived from the
French word citron - lemon.
CITRINE
Citrine is a stone of success, prosperity and regeneration. Induces condence and
optimism in family and business relationships. Attracts self-worth, activates mental
powers, ushes emotional blocks and opens up a new lease of life. If lost in the path of
life, trust Citrine to show you the way, rebuild your
existence and lead to abundance and happiness. The stone not only helps acquire wealth
but maintain it, because it vibrates to prosperity in all its forms. Physically, it aids
digestion and eliminates toxins from the endocrine and digestive systems. Helps in
diabetes and controlling thyroid, thus keeping your fat in check. Improves poor
circulation, tissue regeneration, and forties immune system. Also good for those
wearing glasses or contacts, as Citrine improves visual ability. Shields against harmful
effects of electrical products.
CITRINE
Citrine is found in Brazil, Madagascar, Spain, Uruguay, Scotland, USA (California,
Colorado, North Carolina, Georgia, and Nevada) and Russia. Brazil is the main source
of citrine.
CITRINE
Citrine is found pale yellow to a madeira orange in all of its glorious golden and yellow
colours. The yellow colour is from the presence of iron, the darker the colour - the higher
the grade. SiO2 Citrine is transparent, coarse-grained variety of the silica mineral quartz.
Citrine is a semiprecious gem that is valued for its yellow to brownish colour and its
resemblance to the rarer topaz. Natural citrine is rare compared to amethyst or smoky
quartz, both of which are often heated to turn their natural colour into that of citrine.
Citrine Chemical Formula SiO2 Hardness 7 Specic Gravity 2.6 - 2.7 Refractive
Index 1.57 - 1.58
GARNET
GARNET
Origin and History
Garnets were so called by the ancient Greeks since colour reminded them of the pomegranate
seed or granatum. One of the world's most ancient gems, garnet has been treasured for
thousands of years. Use of garnets as gems is traced to the Nile Delta in 3100 B.C. Egyptian
artisans created beautiful garnet beads, bracelets and other jewellery. Garnets since ancient
times used widely as an abrasive. Garnets are said to have been used by Asiatic tribes in place
of bullets. During the latter part of the 19th century, garnet bracelets and brooches were
particularly popular. Most familiar during the peak of popularity were varieties of pyrope.
The hardness of garnets and their sharp fracture make them suitable as abrasives for wood,
leather, glass, metals, and plastics. Garnet varieties have become known by misleading
names, frequently consisting of a locality with the name of another mineral variety, such as
Uralian emerald or Cape ruby.
GARNET
Garnet is associated with vitality, courage, passion, love, sensuality and self-condence.
Blesses its wearer with good health, victory over enemies and wealth. It has been known to
bring about as much windfall in material wealth as in emotional tranquility. Makes the person
knowledgeable and improves higher education and professional prospects. Alleviates
depression and improves imagination. Garnet resolves all issues pertaining to abandonment and
survival and therefore is a stone for making commitments last use it to stabilise your relationships. Physically, it used to treat disorders of the blood, heart, lungs, spine and bones. Puries
blood and helps in anemia and circulatory problems. Also boosts sexual energy and fertility.
GARNET
Garnets are found in a wide variety of locations including Kenya, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Brazil,
India, Madagascar, Canada and USA. In USA garnet has been obtained in Arizona, Colorado,
Georgia, Idaho, New Hampshire, New Mexico, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Utah, Florida,
California and Virginia. The majority of today's Garnet supplies come from Africa. Notable
quantities of garnets have been also found in Czech Republic and Spain. The oranges and
browns of Spessartite and Hessonite hail from Namibia and Sri Lanka.
GARNET
The versatile garnet comes in a virtual rainbow of colours, including pink, red, purple, orange,
yellow, violet, green, colourless, occasionally black, brown and many shades of red and green.
The most common colour of garnets is reddish brown. Bohemian Garnet is deep red gemstone,
Russian Demantoid and African Tsavorite are vibrant green. Garnets basically belong to the family of Pyropes whose chemical composition is Mg3Al2[SiO4]3. Garnets are a group of common
silicate minerals that have similar crystal structures and chemical
compositions. It can be translucent to transparent, sometimes opaque with a vitreous or resinous
lustre. The best known type of garnet is red semiprecious stone pyrope, one of several red gems,
which the ancients used to call Carbuncles. Garnets are actually one of the largest families of
gemstones. Most natural garnets are mixtures of two or more of the following pure species: pyrope, almandine, spessartine, uvarovite, grossular, andradite. Garnets occur in a very wide variety
of formations, colours, and clarities. Garnet Chemical Formula X3Y2Si3O12 (X = Mg, Fe or Ca)
(Y = Al else Fe3+ or Cr) Hardness 6.5 - 8.5 Specic Gravity 3.5-4.3 Refractive Index 1.78 - 1.89
JASPER
JASPER
Origin and History
The name jasper is derived from the Greek word iaspis. In ancient writings the term
jasper was chiey applied to translucent and brightly coloured stones, particularly chalcedony, but also was applied to the opaque jasper. Jasper was known as the great "rainbringer" in the fourth century. For thousands of years, black jasper was used to test
gold-silver alloys for their gold content. Rubbing the alloys on the stone, called a
touchstone, produces a streak the colour of which determines the gold content within
one part in one hundred. Jasper is one of the gemstones, that used in commesso, also
called orentine mosaic. Commesso is a technique of fashioning pictures with thin, cutto-shape pieces of brightly coloured, semiprecious stones, developed in Florence in the
late 16th century. The stones most commonly used are agates, quartzes, chalcedonies,
jaspers, granites, porphyries, petried woods, and lapis lazuli. Commesso pictures,
used mainly for tabletops and small wall panels, range from emblematic and oral subjects to landscapes.
JASPER
Jasper is a wonderful supporting stone. Wear it to gain a positive outlook. Attracts what
one needs (not wants). Good for those needing more organisational abilities. Mood elevator, invigorating, stabilising and helps overcome depression. Improves the sense of
smell and soothes the nerves. Useful in overcoming disorders of blood, digestion, stomach, biliousness and bladder trouble.
JASPER
Jasper is common and widely distributed, occurring chiey as veinlets, concretions, and
replacements in sedimentary and metamorphic rocks, as in the Urals, North Africa, Sicily, France, India, Venezula and Germany. Some varieties are colour-banded, and beautiful examples of jasperized fossil wood are found in Arizona, U.S. In USA Jasper is
also found in California, Utah and Wyoming.
JASPER
Jasper exhibits various colours, but chiey brick red to brownish red. It owes its colour
to admixed hematite, but when it occurs with clay admixed, the colour is a yellowish
white or gray, or with goethite, a brown or yellow. Often jasper is found multi-coloured.
Chemically SiO2 , Jasper is opaque, negrained or dense variety of the silica mineral
chert. Jasper, long used for jewellery and ornamentation, has a dull lustre but takes a ne
polish. Its hardness and other physical properties are those of quartz. Jasper Chemical
Formula SiO2 Hardness 7.00 Specic Gravity 2.61Refractive Index 1.53 - 1.54
LAPIS LAZULI
LAPIS LAZULI
Origin and History
The name lapis comes from word pencil in Spanish. Lapis Lazuli with deep azure blue
colour, often ecked with golden pyrite inclusions, was treasured by ancient Babylonian
and Egyptian civilisations and often worn by royalty. Lapis lazuli was widely used by
Egyptians for cosmetics and painting . Persian legend says that the heavens owed their
blue colour to a massive slab of Lapis upon which the earth rested. Lapis Lazuli was
believed to be a sacred stone, buried with the dead to protect and guide them in the
afterlife.
LAPIS LAZULI
One of the most powerful and energetic stone associated with the Third Eye (6th
Chakra), Lapis Lazuli must be used cautiously. People can feel dizzy or overwhelmed by
its sheer energy. It is the stone of mystery, positive magic and psychic ability. Helps
understand mind, expand your viewpoint and change your perception of reality.
Consequently, it is a highly spiritual stone and should be used during meditation; even
assists in past lives recall and releasing karmic debts. Heals emotional wounds, cleanses
the aura, develops the powers of mind, intuition, wisdom and memory. Hang it near your
heart in necklace, and feel the mind and heart connected. Medically, it prevents ts,
epilepsy, strokes, depression, and helps heart, spleen besides improving eyesight.
LAPIS LAZULI
The main supplies of Lapis Lazuli are found in the Afghanistan, Egypt, Canada, Chile,
the US, and South America. The most important sources are the mines in Badakhshan,
northeastern Afghanistan, and near Ovalle, Chile, where gemstone is usually pale rather
than deep blue.
LAPIS LAZULI
Lapis Lazuli (also called Lazurite,) occurs in various shades of blue with some qualities
being speckled with white calcite and some with yellow pyrite. The nest Lapis Lazuli is
even blue colour with little or no veining from other elements. Lapis lazuli is a
semiprecious stone valued for its deep blue colour. The source of the pigment
ultramarine, Lapis lazuli is not a mineral but a rock coloured by lazurite. In addition to
the sodalite minerals in lapis lazuli, small amounts of white calcite and of pyrite crystals
are usually present. Because lapis is a rock of varying composition, its physical properties are variable. Lapis Lazuli Chemical Formula Na3CaAl3Si3O12S Hardness 5.50
Specic Gravity 2.80Refractive Index 1.50
MOSS AGATE
MOSS AGATE
Origin and History
Moss Agate is essentially Agate itself, only possessing moss like colour. Its origin and
history are therefore synonymous with Agate's. Click here to see about Agate.
MOSS AGATE
Aids in communication with the plants, animals and all of nature. Moss Agate is
associated with fertility of plants, protection of the earth, rain, prosperity, abundance,
healing, restoration and creativity. Helps to improve self esteem and emotional
balancing. A good prosperity stone. Moss agate is said to cleanse the emotional body
and release anger and frustration. This stone is helpful when starting new friendships or
when seeking a compatible lover.
MOSS AGATE
Important sources of moss agate are Russia (Ural mountains), Brazil, Egypt, Germany,
India, Italy, Madagascar, Mexico, Uruguay and the USA (Oregon, Washington, Idaho,
and Montana ).
MOSS AGATE
Moss Agate, also called mocha stone is a cryptocrystalline mineral (chalcedony)
characterized by dendritic, or treelike inclusions of Hornblende. The inclusions form
when manganese dioxide (MnO2) separates out during the solidication of the siliceous
gel, of which all agates are composed. The dendrites are usually dark green or brown, and
are best seen when the grayish white translucent agate is cut cabochon and then highly
polished. Moss Agate Chemical Formula SiO2 Hardness 6.5 - 7 Specic Gravity 2.6
Refractive Index 1.54 - 1.55
PERIDOT
PERIDOT
Origin and History
Chrysolite means "golden stone" in Greek. Peridot has been adored since ancient times
and has been valued for centuries. People in the Middle Ages wore peridot to gain
foresight and divine inspiration. Legend has it that pirates favored peridot to protect
them against evil. Peridot was greatly prized by Egyptian Kings. Some of Cleopatra's
emeralds were in fact peridots. The deposit on Saint Johns Island in the Red Sea, that
was mentioned by Pliny in his Natural History (AD 70), still produces ne gems.
PERIDOT
One of the joy stones, Peridot brings the energies from in the aura to the physical body.
Helps in understanding the changes in one's life and provides a protective shield around
the body. Can be used to cleanse and stimulate the Heart and Solar Plexus chakras.
Attracts occult powers to the user. Also used in treating emotional states such as anger or
jealousy. Inspires healing, renewal, purication, rebirth and growth. Heals hurt feelings,
helps mend damaged relationships. Peridot, as well as being recommended as a cure for
insomnia, is said to aid the digestion, placate the nervous system, reduce temperature,
improve bruised eye, and alleviate anger, jealousy and irritation. It is associated with
stress reduction, relaxation, health vigor, recuperative abilities, comfort and intuition.
Especially good for healing the healers.
PERIDOT
Peridot is found in Australia, Brazil, China, Eygpt, Burma, Pakistan, Norway, and USA
(Arizona, Colorado, Hawaii, and New Mexico). Much of the today's Peridot comes from
Arizona. Very large crystals are found in the Mogok district of Myanmar and in the
Minas Gerais in Brazil. Peridot has been mined from St John's Island in the Red Sea for
over 3500 years. In 1994, an exciting new deposit of Peridot was discovered in Pakistan,
and these stones are among the nest ever seen.
PERIDOT
Peridot (also called Chrysolite) is a stone with a sparkling pale green colour. It occurs in
lime, yellowish green, olive green or medium dark green hues. Chemically composed of
Magnesium iron silicate[Mg,Fe] 2SiO4; Peridot (precious olivine) is a gem-quality
transparent green olivine. The crystals of peridot have a vitreous lustre and conchoidal
fracture. Gem-quality olivine is a
mineral that composes a lot of the earth's mantel, the layer below the crust. It is also
common in basalts on the moon. Peridot Chemical Formula X2SiO4 (X = Mg or Fe)
Hardness 6.5 - 7 Specic Gravity 3.2 - 4.2 Refractive Index 1.63 - 1.67
QUARTZ
QUARTZ
Origin and History
Quartz appears to be from the German Quarz but that words origin is not known. The
name quartz possibly comes from a Saxon word meaning cross vein ore, while some it
is instead derived from the Slavic word kwardy (hard). The Greeks had originally
named Quartz, Krystallos, the word for ice, but this soon came to mean any crystal The
gem varieties of quartz have been used as gemstones and other ornamental objects for
thousands of years. Polished rock crystal spheres or crystal balls were used as a means
of divination or scrying in medieval times. In Chinas Ming Dynasty, Quartz often
showed up as stone in jewellery work. In Pre-Columbian America, explorations of
Mixtec graves have uncovered Quartz use for ear jewellery For thousands of years
before this, quartz crystals and objects made from them were used for divination,
disease diagnosis and for awareness of current events in distant places in many ancient
cultures. The Assyrians and ancient Romans were among the rst to use Rose Quartz.
Smoky Quartz is often incorrectly called Smokey topaz.
QUARTZ
Clearly, the best all purpose stone! The symbol of elemental wholeness, containing the
four elements of creation. Assists us to amplify, focus, direct, transmit and store energy.
Its greatest attribute is known to be its use as an aid to opening the psychic centres,
enabling the ability to meditate at a deeper level and to free one's mind from the
mundane and the trivia. It releases the higher consciousness and develops mystical and
spiritual gifts. It is also particularly useful for meditation and when working to contact
or align with one's higher self! The Quartz Crystal attracts the powers of light and energy and is said to be an excellent powerful general healer and dynamic working tool
which works on all levels - strengthening, cleansing and protecting. Puries air. Protects
against harmful electrical vibrations. Assists the wearer to think intuitively.
QUARTZ
Quartz is one of the most abundant compounds found in the Earths surface and in most
sedimentary, metamorphic and igneous rocks, and therefore, it and its many varieties
come from thousands of locations around the globe. Quartz was even found on Moon
during lunar explorations! Large deposits of good quality clear quartz have been found
in Brazil, France (Dauphine), USA (Arkansas). Primary deposits in US are at Hot
Springs of Garland County, Mount Ida in Montgomery County & California-Calaveras
Countys Mokelumne Hill. Sutters Mill, site of the California Gold Rush of 1848 has
large deposits of quartz that had gold veins running through them and San Diego County
is famous for very unique samples. New York, Herkimer County has deposits of doubly
terminated quartz called Herkimer Diamonds. Elsewhere, quartz also occurs at Australia,
British Columbia, Germany, India, Japan, Madagascar, Malagasy Republic, Man,
Mexico, Namibia, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and St. Gotthard, Switzerland.
TOURMALINE
TOURMALINE
Origin and History
Tourmaline came from the Sinhalese name of turmali or tormally (multicoloured). For centuries it was known by the name schrol. coloured crystals were imported from Sri Lanka at
the beginning of the 18th century. During medieval days tourmaline was thought to heal
physical and mental disorders as well as prevent death. Used as a gem for over 2,000 years.
In addition to its use as a gem, tourmaline is employed in pressure devices because of its
piezoelectric properties. It has been used in depth-sounding apparatus and other devices that
detect and measure variations in pressure. The coloured crystals of tourmaline are very
strongly dichroic i.e., they are of different colour when viewed in the direction of different
axes. Plates cut parallel to the vertical axis of a tourmaline crystal allow only the extraordinary ray through; if two such plates are placed in crossed position, the light is entirely
blocked. A pair of these plates form a very simple polarising apparatus known as tourmaline
tongs.
TOURMALINE
Comes in various colours and hues. Balances, protects, calms, gives self- condence and
cheerfulness. Useful for meditation. Attracts inspiration, goodwill and friendship. Protects
wearer against misfortune and anemia. Prevents lymphatic disease. Grounds high-frequency
energies. Black or Green Tourmaline strengthens nervous system, regulates blood pressure.
Deects negative energy, attracts prosperity. Blue Tourmaline cures all throat problems,
thyroid and speech impediments. Promotes clear verbal expression, dissolves mental friction,
emotional constriction. Carries a high electrical charge and if rubbed briskly one end
becomes positive and one negative, the energy can then be directed wherever peaceful energy
is required. Watermelon/Pink Tourmaline is a heart balancer. Promotes understanding of self
and emotions. Enhances exibility, happiness, objectivity, compassion, serenity, balance,
positive transformation, healing, strength, tolerance, and understanding. Excellent channeling
stone for communication with higher forces.
TOURMALINE
Tourmaline is found in Africa, Brazil, Madagascar, Mexico, Myanmar, Namibia, Sri Lanka,
and USA (southern California, Connecticut, Maine, New York and Texas). The Isle of Elba is
famous for pink crystals tipped with black which are known as Moors' Heads.
TOURMALINE
Tourmaline is borosilicate mineral of complex and variable composition. Tourmaline is very
abundant and has the best-developed crystals in pegmatites and in metamorphosed limestones
in contact with granitic magmas. The coloured varieties, when transparent and free from aws,
are cut as gems. Transparent crystals of tourmaline are dichroic - the depth of colour varies as
the crystal is turned in the light. Another peculiarity of tourmaline is that crystal when heated
acquires an electric charge and attracts small objects such as hair or small pieces of paper. Rubbing crystal imparts a similar charge. Tourmaline Chemical Formula XY3Al6B3Si6(OH)4 (X
= Na or Ca) (Y = Mg, Li, Al or Fe 3 +) Hardness 7 - 7.5 Specic Gravity 3.0 - 3.3 Refractive
Index 1.62 - 1.65
LABORDORITE
LABORADITE
Origin and History
Sodalite is named in reference to its sodium content.
LABORADITE
The magicians stone, or the dark side of the moon. Thiscrystal is for transformation of
the self.
LABORADITE
The geological type area for labradorite is Paul's Island near the town
of Nain in Labrador,Canada. It has also been reported in Norway and various other
locations worldwide.[2]
Labradorite occurs in mafic igneous rocks and is the feldspar variety most common
in basaltand gabbro. The uncommon anorthosite bodies are composed almost entirely of
labradorite.[4]It also is found in metamorphic amphibolites and as a detrital component of
some sediments. Common mineral associates in igneous rocks
include olivine, pyroxenes, amphiboles andmagnetite.[1]
LABORADITE
Also known as dark spectrolite, as it shows a range of spectral colours. Labradodite is a
species of the plagioclase feldspar. Feldspars are common in the earths crust than any
other minerals. Most feldspars can be divided into two groups, alkali feldspars
(KalSi3O8, NaAlSi3O8 series) and plagioclase (NaAlSi3O8, CaAL2Si2O8 series), with
albite is an end member in each of these series. Plagioclase feldspars has six species;
abite, oligoclase, andesines, labradorite, bytownite and anorthite. With each of these
species being defined by its albite and anorthite content. Labradodite has a chemical
composition just above midway between albite and anorthite. It rarely forms crystals but
when it does the crystals are tabular and often twinned. Other habits may be granular,
compact or massive. Labradodite is blue, grey, black white or colourless, frequently the
cleavage shows a rich play of colours. The streak is white and it has a vitreous lustre.
Group SILICATES,Hardness 6.0-6.5, Crystal structure TRICLINIC.
JADE
JADE
Origin and History
Jade was used in ancient times for weapons, utensils, and ornaments. A variety of jade
called axstone is used by the natives of the South Sea islands for making hatchets. Jade has
always been prized by the Chinese and Japanese as the most precious of all stones, and the
most beautiful specimens of carved jade in the form of ornamental pieces, such as vases,
bowls, tablets, and statues, many of which are now museum pieces, were made in China.
JADE
In ancient Egypt and even now in Japan & China, Jade is considered the most precious of all
stones. It is credited with ve qualities: clarity, courage, justice, wisdom and modesty. It is
one stone that oozes tranquility. So much so, even holding a Jade in your hand may cause you
to experience a feeling of serenity or wisdom. Consequently, it also helps in smooth transition
to another world and aids in peaceful death. It assists in taking control of dreams, and making
sense of them. Use Jade to reduce tension in your life. Protects one from enemies and during
long journeys. Physically, cures kidney problems, bladder troubles, poor digestion and eye
problems. Alleviates sore back or spine.
JADE
Jadeite is found chiey in eastern Asia in Myanmar (formerly known as Burma), as well as in
sections of Tibet and southern China. This Jade is exported to China, where it is carved into
gems and gures. his Jade is known as "Chinese Jade". Chinese Jade has a higher market
value than Jade from other locations. "Mexican Jade" is Jade from the large deposits in
Guatemala and Mexico. This Jade was also mined since the earliest of times, but does not
have such a rich history as the Chinese Jade. "Russian Jade" is a leek-green variety found
near Lake Baikal in Russia. Elsewhere it can be found in Alaska, Mexico, New Zealand,
Siberia, Turkistan and a huge haul has been found at Clear Creek, San Benito Co., California.
JADE
Jade is a compact, opaque gemstone ranging in colour from dark green to almost white. The
term is applied to specimens cut from the minerals jadeite and nephrite. Jadeite, the less
common and more highly prized of the two minerals, is a silicate of sodium and aluminium,
NaAl(SiO3)2, usually containing some iron, calcium, and magnesium. It belongs to the group
of minerals called pyroxenes. Jadeite crystallises in the monoclinic system but rarely occurs
in distinct crystals and is usually found in brous, compact, massive aggregates. The lustre on
fresh fracture is dull and wax-like, but polished jadeite has a vitreous lustre. Nephrite, a
member of the amphibole group of minerals, is a silicate of calcium and magnesium, with a
small amount of iron replacing part of the magnesium. It is a tough, compact variety of the
mineral tremolite. Polished nephrite has an oily lustre. Jade Chemical Formula NaAl(SiO3)2
Hardness 6.5 - 7 Specic Gravity 3.3 - 3.5 Refractive Index 1.66 - 1.68
MALACHITE
MALACHITE
Origin and History
Malachite derives its name from Greek word malakos meaning soft. According to
another theory the word malachite comes from Greek malhe, which means grass.
Mining Malachite began as early as 4000 BC by ancient Egyptians. In the Middle ages,
malachite was worn to protect from black magic and sorcery. In Ancient Greece amulets
for children were made of malachite. In the New Stone Age came the discovery of the
possibility of extracting certain metals from the ores in which they generally occur.
Probably the rst such material to
be used was malachite, then already in use as a cosmetic and easily reduced to copper in
a strong re. It is impossible to be precise about the time and place of this discovery, but
its consequences were tremendous. Namely it led to the search for other metallic ores, to
the development of metallurgy.
MALACHITE
Brings harmony into one's life and attracts money. Malachite was considered a valuable
talisman for children and it was thought to protect the wearer from falls and warned
them of impending danger by breaking into several pieces. This stone is a deeply
cleansing emotional body stone and is used to release negative/painful emotions,
protects against psychic attacks and others negativity. It absorbs this negativity and
should be cleansed after each session. It can bring things out that are buried within
someone. Malachite is also about change, and it is a great stone for those who do not
like change in their lives, because it allows for an easy transition to take place. It
relieves any congestion in the body and helps with confusion and lack of purpose and
insecurity. It is helpful in the treatment of rheumatism, immune, and also in regularising
menstruation. Used in the treatment of asthma, toothache. Improves eyesight an immune
system.
MALACHITE
The most important mine is in Zaire. Notable occurrences are in Ural, Siberia, France,
South Australia, Namibia and USA (Arizona).
MALACHITE
Malachite is an opaque, banded stone, the colours in the bands range from a very light
green to almost deep green. It is a semi-precious stone and also a valuable copper ore,
hydrous copper carbonate [Cu2CO3(OH)2 ] It is responsible for the green colour of
tarnished copper and bronze. Because of its distinctive bright green colour and its
presence in the weathered zone of nearly all copper deposits, malachite serves as a
prospecting guide for that metal. Malachite has been used as an ornamental stone and as
a gemstone. Malachite Chemical Formula Cu2CO3(OH)2 Hardness 4.00 Specic
Gravity 3.80Refractive Index 1.85
MOONSTONE
MOONSTONE
Origin and History
It has derived its name from the resemblance to the colour of moon. Moonstone was
very popular with the Romans, who thought it was formed out of moonlight, also used
in Roman jewellery since 100 AD. In India moonstone is considered a sacred stone to
this day.
MOONSTONE
One of the most beautiful stone, it exhibits a mysterious shine of the moonlight and is the
sacred stone of the moon goddess. Stimulates knowing, appreciation, nurturing,
mothering, selessness, sensitivity and humanitarian love all qualities of the feminine
moon goddess. Use it for problem solving and decision making and as a protective stone
when you sleep with it. Assists during times of change. For physical healing, Moonstone
is essentially for female health. Reduces excess uid in body and alleviates swelling due
to it; most benecial for pre-menstrual troubles as it balances hormonal and menstrual
cycles of women. Best to attune its energies to phases of moon.
MOONSTONE
Moonstone is found in Brazil, European Alps, India, Madagascar, Mexico, Myanmar,
Sri Lanka, Tanzania, and USA (Pennsylvania and Virginia). Sri Lanka produces the
highest quality moonstones.
MOONSTONE
Moonstones come in a variety of colours, ranging from colourless to white, gray, brown,
yellow, orange, green, or pink. Clarity ranges from transparent to translucent.
Moonstone Chemical Formula KAlSi3O8Hardness 6.00
Specic Gravity 2.57Refractive Index 1.52 - 1.53
ROSE QUARTZ
ROSE QUARTZ
Rose quartz is highly recommended for those who are experiencing a lot of grief. Very good
for expressing and soothing emotions. Rose quartz is a very loving stone, and enhances all
forms of love: self-love, mother love, caring, kindness, platonic and romantic live. Gently
energises and creates warmth. It is also said to stimulate the imagination and the intellect
and to open up the heart to inner peace, self love and self recognition. It is a very healing
stone for internal wounds, bitterness and sorrows. It makes one more receptive to beauty,
hastens recovery and gladdens the heart. Lifts depression, creates condence and peace.
Helps the heart and circulatory system. This lovely stone is claimed to be one of the best
stones to use in the treatment of migraines and headaches of all types.
ROSE QUARTZ
Rose Quartz crystals are very rare in nature but can be found in Brazil, Maine and
California. In its more common, massive state, it can be found in Brazil, South Dakota,
Colorado, Arkansas, California, Switzerland, Madagascar, India, Germany, Scotland,
Spain, Malagasy Republic and Canada.
QUARTZ
Quartz, second most common of all minerals, composed of silicon dioxide, or silica, SiO2. It
is distributed all over the world as a constituent of rocks and in the form of pure deposits. It is
an essential constituent of igneous rocks such as granite, rhyolite, and pegmatite, which contain an excess of silica. Quartz crystallizes in the rhombohedral system. The size of the
crystals varies from specimens weighing a metric ton to minute particles that sparkle in rock
surfaces. Quartz is also common in massive forms, which contain particles ranging in size
from coarse-grained to cryptocrystalline (grains invisible to the naked eye but observable under a microscope). The lustre in some specimens is vitreous; in others it is greasy or splendent
(shining glossily). Some specimens are transparent; others are translucent. In the pure form,
the mineral is colourless, but it is commonly coloured by impurities. Quartz crystal has
applications in the electronics industry for controlling the frequency of radio waves. Quartz
crystals exhibit a property called the piezoelectric effect, that is, they produce an electric
voltage when subjected to pressure along certain directions of the crystal. Because of this
property, quartz crystal has important applications in the electronics industry for controlling
the frequency of radio waves. It also has the optical property of rotating the plane of polarised
light and is used in polarising microscopes. Quartz crystals undergo structural transformations
when heated. Ordinary, or low, quartz, when heated to 573 C (1063.4 F), is converted into
high quartz, which has a different crystal structure and different physical properties. When
cooled, however, high quartz reverts to low quartz. Between 870 and 1470 C (1598 and
2678 F), quartz exists in the form called tridymite, and above 1470 C (2678 F), the stable
form is known as cristobalite. At about 1710 C (3078 F), the mineral melts. Rose quartz is
coarsely crystalline but without distinct crystal form and is coloured rose red or pink, the colour often fading on exposure to light. Smoky quartz, or cairngorm stone, occurs in crystals
ranging from smoky yellow to dark brown. Quartz Chemical Formula SiO2 Hardness 7.00
Specic Gravity 2.65Refractive Index 1.54 - 1.55

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