ECG

BIPOLAR LEADS I II III.1

UNIPOLAR LIMBS LEADS AVR AVL AVF.2
UNIPOLAR CHEST LEADS C1..C6.3
RECORDING OF THE ECG.4

Limb leads

aVR: right arm

Lead I:
Right arm to
left arm

Lead II:
Right arm to
left leg

aVF: left leg

Ground electrode

aVL: left arm

Lead III:
Left arm to
left leg

:Chest leads (precordial leads((2

6
4

Fig. 9-13b, p. 253

ECG
ECG WAVES P, QRS AND T.1
ECG SEGMENTS PR AND ST.2
ECG INTERVAL PR, QT AND TP.3

PR

ST

TP interval

The shape of the ECG

SINGLE VENTRICULAR ACTION POTENTIAL

ENDOCARDIAL FIBER

ATRIAL
FIBER

EPICARDIAL FIBER
R
1 mV

ECG

T
QS

Repolarization of ventricles
Depolarization of ventricles

Depolarization of atria

EKG Waves and Intervals

QRS length

P
Q S
P-R
interval

Q-T interval

Normal: PR interval: 0.12-0.2 sec

QRS length: <0.10 sec
QT interval: 0.3-0.4 sec
Abnormalities in:
QRS ventricular
depolarizaton problems
P-R interval A/V
conduction problems

EKG Reading
0.2 sec

0.04 sec

1.0 mV
Test pulse

HR = 1500/ small boxes between QRS complexes

:Augmented unipolar limb leads(3

Relationship between No. of large squares & HR

R-R interval (large
squares)

Heart rate (beat/min)

300

2
3
4
5
6

150
100
75
60
50

Times & speed.

Normal duration (s)

intervals

Average

Range

PR interval

0.18

0.12-0.20

QRS duration

0.08

0.07-.10

QT interval

0.40

43.-0.33

ST interval

0.32