Initiation of immune response.

1. Foreign antigen engulfed by macrophage by phagocytosis.

2. Antigen is breakdown into fragment.
3. Fragment of antigen bind to the __________________ protein to form
the ____________________.
4. The complex is transported to cell membrane and displayed on the
surface of macrophage.
5. The macrophage with displayed complex is called as
_____________________.
6. A ______________ cell with a specific receptor, called as
_______________, for the antigen is bind to the complex. This process
is aids by _______________.
7. This process will stimulate the ____________________ to secrete the
___________________ (IL-1) that activated the _________________ cell.
8. The ______________ cell will induced to _____________________ and
secrete the __________________________(IL-2).
9. IL-2 allows the ________________ cell to increase in size and divide by
mitosis, giving rise to a large amount of identical
______________________ cells and memory ____________ cell.
10._________________ (IL-2) secrete by the ___________________ cell, also
will activated and stimulate the humoral immune response and cell
mediated immune response.

Describe of Humoral Immune response

How to answer: (explain the initiation + with what happen after initiation)
1. _____________________________(IL-2) secrete by the
________________cell activated the _______________cell.
2. The ________________ cell proliferates and differentiate into
__________________ cell and __________ cells
3. The _____________ cell produces the antibodies to acts against the
antigen.
4. The _____________ cells respond rapidly to __________________
infection by the same antigen.
Describe the Cell-mediated Immune Response.
How to answer: explain the initiation + what happen after initiation
1. ______________________(IL-2) activated the ____________________ cell.
2. The activated __________________ cell will detected the infected cell.
3. The infected cell will have the displayed of antigen fragement on
the surface of membrane using the _____________________ protein.
4. The activated ________________ cell will bind to the _________________
complex on the infected cell through __________________ receptor,
aids by _____________.
5. The ___________ cell will release the _____________ and _____________.
6. _______________ molecules will forms pores on the membrane of the
infected cells.
7. The __________________, will _______________________________.

8. Water and ions from surrounding flows into the infected cell, cause
the cell to ____________.

Describe the antibody structure.

1. Antibody is knows as ___________________.
2. It is made up pf two ____________ chains (H) and two ___________
chains (L).
3. The structure is held together by ___________________ bonds.
4. Each chains has constant regions and ________________ regions.
5. The constant regions determines the mechanism used to destroy
antigen.
6. The ____________ regions is acts as the antigen __________ site. It has
different arrangement of amino acids corresponds to specific types
of __________________.
Describe the antibody function in human immune system
Antibody Function

Explanation of process

Concept of Self and non-self

1. Cell ________________ have the ability to distinguish self and non-selfsubstance.
2. This is due to the ability of the ______________ to detect the foreign
substance or the ______________ that compatible to it.
3. If the antigen is not compatible to ______________ protein in the body
cell,
4. It will bind with its and forming the ____________________ complex
and displayed on the surface on the body cell.
5. The present of _________________ complex on the cell surface will
triggered the immune response.
6. The antibody will be produce and the foreign substance will be
attack by the antibody.