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Dynamics,!Current!Efforts,!and!Intervention!
Opportunities!for!The!Asia!Foundation!

!
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!

!
!

Sadika!Hameed,!Sandile!Hlatshwayo,!Evan!Tanner,!
Meltem!Trker,!and!Jungwon!Yang!
1%(+2!345!4636!

Prepared!For:!Masters!in!Public!Policy/International!Policy!Studies!Practicum!

!
PREFACE!
'2*7!(89:(;!2%7!<88&!9(89%(8/!<=!%!-(%/#%;8!7;#/8&;!;8%$!%;!>;%&):(/!?&*@8(7*;=!%;!;28!(8A#87;!:)!
'28!B7*%!C:#&/%;*:&D!.;!:#;E*&87!;28!E%&/7+%98!:)!2#$%&!;(%))*+,*&-!*&!.&/*%5!8@%E#%;87!;28!+#((8&;!
FGH5!/:&:(5!I!!-:@8(&$8&;!8)):(;7!;:!)*-2;!;(%))*+,*&-5!%&/!(8+:$$8&/7!9(:$*7*&-!*&;8(@8&;*:&7!
<%78/!:&!+#((8&;!-%97!%&/!J<87;!9(%+;*+8K!%99(:%+287D!'28!%#;2:(7!+%&!<8!+:&;%+;8/!;2(:#-2!;28!
C:(/!L:(78=!M(:-(%$!*&!.&;8(&%;*:&%E!M:E*+=!>;#/*87!%;!>;%&):(/!?&*@8(7*;=5!>;%&):(/5!NB5!?>B!
O2;;90PP*97D7;%&):(/D8/#PQD!
B!789%(%;8!<%+,-(:#&/!/:+#$8&;!8&;*;E8/!Background!Information!on!Human!Trafficking!in!India!
9(:@*/87!7#99E8$8&;%(=!*&):($%;*:&!;:!;2*7!(89:(;D!

*!
!

!
TABLE!OF!CONTENTS !

LIST!OF!FIGURES!..................................................................................................................................................!III!
LIST!OF!TABLES!....................................................................................................................................................!III!
ACRONYMS!.............................................................................................................................................................!IV!
EXECUTIVE!SUMMARY!.......................................................................................................................................!VI!
1! INTRODUCTION!TO!THE!STUDY!................................................................................................................!1!
1.1! INTRODUCTION!...........................................................................................................................................!1!
1.2! OBJECTIVES!AND!SCOPE!.............................................................................................................................!2!
2! METHODOLOGY!&!RESEARCH!DESIGN!....................................................................................................!4!
3! DYNAMICS!OF!TRAFFICKING!......................................................................................................................!7!
3.1!
3.2!
3.3!
3.4!
3.5!

SOCIOECONOMIC!CHARACTERISTICS!OF!SELECTED!STATES/TERRITORIES!..........................................!8!
MIGRATION!PATTERNS!&!SECTORS!OF!TIP!..........................................................................................!11!
ROOT!CAUSES!OF!TRAFFICKING:!SUPPLY!&!DEMAND!SIDE!.................................................................!12!
IMPACTS!OF!TRAFFICKING!......................................................................................................................!16!
THE!ANTI"TIP!LEGAL!FRAMEWORK!.....................................................................................................!18!

4! CURRENT!NGO,!DONOR,!AND!GOVERNMENT!EFFORTS!.................................................................!23!
4.1! TRAFFICKING!INTERVENTIONS:!OVERVIEW!OF!THE!3!PS!+!C!..........................................................!23!
4.2! GOVERNMENT!ANTI"TIP!EFFORTS!........................................................................................................!23!
4.3! NON"GOVERNMENTAL!ORGANIZATIONS/DONOR!ANTI"TIP!EFFORTS!..............................................!27!
5! REVIEW!OF!KEY!FINDINGS!.......................................................................................................................!39!
5.1!
5.2!
5.3!
5.4!

DYNAMICS!OF!TRAFFICKING!IN!INDIA!....................................................................................................!39!
INDIAS!ANTI"TIP!LEGAL!FRAMEWORK!................................................................................................!40!
GOVERNMENT!ANTI"TIP!EFFORTS!........................................................................................................!40!
NGO/DONOR!ANTI"TIP!EFFORTS!........................................................................................................!40!

6! POLICY!RECOMMENDATIONS!AND!ANALYSIS!...................................................................................!42!
6.1!
6.2!
6.3!
6.4!

EVALUATION!OF!INTERVENTION!OPTIONS!............................................................................................!42!
RECOMMENDATIONS!...............................................................................................................................!44!
REVIEW!OF!INNOVATIVE!ALTERNATIVES!..............................................................................................!51!
CONCLUSION!............................................................................................................................................!52!

7! REFERENCES!..................................................................................................................................................!53!
8! APPENDIX!I:!INTERVIEWS!........................................................................................................................!60!
8.1! NGO!INTERVIEW!SCRIPT!........................................................................................................................!60!
8.2! NGO!INTERVIEW!RESULTS!.....................................................................................................................!63!
9! APPENDIX!II:!RECOMMENDATION!EVALUATION!CRITERIA!........................................................!77!
**!
!

LIST!OF!FIGURES!
!

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LIST!OF!TABLES!

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***!
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2*-2!E8@8E7!:)!+:((#9;*:&P:(-%&*i8/!+(*$8D!C#&/*&-!e%7!*/8&;*)*8/!%7!%!$%g:(!+2%EE8&-8!):(!;28!
FGH75!):EE:e8/!<=!*$9E8$8&;%;*:&!:)!;28!E%e5!E%+,!:)!+::98(%;*:&P+::(/*&%;*:&!<8;e88&!FGH7!%&/!
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RSNH11SFLB'.HF>!!

'%,*&-!*&;:!%++:#&;!%EE!;28!(87#E;75!;28!(878%(+28(7!(8+:$$8&/!;28!):EE:e*&-!*&;8(@8&;*:&7!):(!'28!
B7*%!C:#&/%;*:&5!*&!:(/8(!:)!9(*:(*;=0!
1. Coordinate!new!economic!cooperatives!or!link!existing!cooperatives!with!the!private!
sector!
2. Hold!anti"trafficking!festivals!in!rural!areas!
3. Scale!up!NGOled!transit!point!interventions!
4. Create!a!registry!of!anti"trafficking!individuals/organizations!
5. Support!the!government!Anti"Trafficking!Nodal!Office!
6. Increase!communicative!capacity!of!the!(ATSEC!India)!National!Anti"Trafficking!
Network.!
7. Conduct!monitoring!and!evaluation!of!the!new!297!Integrated!Anti"Human!
Trafficking!Units!
8. Train!prosecutors!on!post"conviction!activities!(e.g.!compensation!law,!rehabilitation!
law)!
9. Conduct!in"field!research!on!labor!trafficking!
10. Create!training/sensitization!programs!for!police!&!other!prosecution!stakeholders.!

*f!
!

!
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS!
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9:;8&;*%E!7:E#;*:&7D

f!
!

f*!
!

IN TR ODUCTION!T O !THE!STUDY!

3D3

.F'RHL?N'.HF!

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B++:(/*&-!;:!;28!?D>D!>;%;8!L89%(;$8&;5!.&/*%!*7!<:;2!%!7:#(+8!%&/!;(%&7*;!+:#&;(=!):(!;(%))*+,*&-5!%7!
e8EE!%7!:&8!:)!;28!$:7;!9:9#E%(!;(%))*+,*&-!/87;*&%;*:&7!*&!>:#;2!B7*%D \ !.;!*7!87;*$%;8/!;2%;!36!
98(+8&;!:)!.&/*%K7!;(%))*+,*&-!*&!98(7:&7!*7!*&;8(&%;*:&%E!e2*E8!b6!98(+8&;!*7!/:$87;*+5!%!9%;;8(&!;2%;!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!United!Nations!(2000).!Protocol!to!Prevent,!Suppress!and!Punish!Trafficking!in!Persons,!Especially!Women!and!Children,!
Supplementing!the!United!Nations!Convention!Against!Transnational!Organized!Crime.!

!Aronowitz,!A.!(2009).!Human!Trafficking,!Human!Misery:!The!Global!Trade!Human!Beings.!London:!Library!of!Congress.!

!Bales,!K.!(2007).!Ending!Slavery.!Los!Angeles:!University!of!California!Press.!

!U.S.!Dept.!of!State!(2009).!Trafficking!in!Persons!Report!(U.S.!Department!of!State!Publication!11407).!Washington,!DC.!

/*))8(7!)(:$!;28!$:(8!+:$$:&!9%(%/*-$!:)!;(%))*+,*&-!%+(:77!*&;8(&%;*:&%E!<:(/8(7D ^ !G*@8&!.&/*%K7!
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:)!;28!.&/*%&!e:$8&!;(%))*+,8/!:#;!:)!;28!+:#&;(=!8&/!#9!8*;28(!*&!;28!1*//E8!S%7;!):(!78f#%E!
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3D4

HZhSN'.[S>!BFL!>NHMS!

'28(8!%(8!;2(88!9(*$%(=!:<g8+;*@87!:)!;2*7!(878%(+20!
1. To!evaluate!the!political,!social,!economic,!legal,!and!intervention!landscape!of!the!
anti"trafficking!movement!in!India;!
2. To!research!current!NGO!and!government!efforts!to!combat!trafficking!in!India;!and!
3. To!provide!TAF!with!actionable!recommendations!regarding!an!anti"human!
trafficking!program!in!India.!
'28!(8+:$$8&/%;*:&7!)(:$!;28!(878%(+2!9(*$%(*E=!)%EE!#&/8(!;28!+%;8-:(=!:)!7#--87;8/!&:&_
-:@8(&$8&;%E!:(-%&*i%;*:&!9%(;&8(72*97!):(!'BC5!<#;!$%=!*&@:E@8!-:@8(&$8&;!9%(;&8(72*97!%7!e8EED!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!Sen,!S.!(2004).!A!Report!on!Trafficking!in!Women!and!Children!in!India!2002"2003.!New!Delhi:!National!Human!Rights!
Commission,!UNIFEM,!Institute!of!Social!Sciences.!

!Aronowitz,!A.!(2009).!U.S.!Dept.!of!State.!

!Sen!(2004).!

!UNODC.!(2009).!Global!Report!on!Human!Trafficking!in!Persons.!Retrieved!September!25,!2009,!from!
http://www.unodc.org/documents/human"trafficking/country_profiles/south_south_west_asia.pdf.!!

!Khan,!I.!(undated,!est.!2004).!Child!Trafficking!in!India:!A!Concern.!Indian!Ministry!of!Social!Development!White!Paper.!!

V889*&-!*&!E*&8!e*;2!'BCK7!%99(:%+2!;:e%(/!;(%))*+,*&-5!;28!9:E*+=!(8+:$$8&/%;*:&7!)(:$!;2*7!
(878%(+2!e*EE!)%EE!e*;2*&!):#(!%(8%7!;=9*+%EE=!(8)8((8/!;:!%7!;28!m]!M7!d!Nn0!
3D
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C%9%+*;=_<#*E/*&-!*&*;*%;*@87D!36!

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-*@8&!;2%;!'BC!9(8)8(7!;:!e:(,!e*;2!E:+%E!9%(;&8(7!<=!9(:@*/*&-!;8+2&*+%E!%77*7;%&+8!%&/!78(@*&-!*&!
%!+%9%+*;=_<#*E/*&-!(:E85!;28!(878%(+2!;8%$!2%7!8@%E#%;8/!;2:78!/=&%$*+7!:)!'.M!*&!.&/*%!;2%;!%(8!
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!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
10

!The!Asia!Foundation!(Jan!2009).!Overview!of!FY08!TAF!TIP!Initiatives.!San!Francisco:!The!Asia!Foundation.!

!
2

METHODOLOGY!&!RESEARCH!DESIGN!

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*$9:77*<E8!;:!/8@8E:95!%&/!;:!/%;8!2%7!&:;!<88&!#&/8(;%,8&D!
'28!;8%$!)%+8/!%//*;*:&%E!+:&7;(%*&;7!<8+%#78!*;!+:&/#+;8/!(878%(+2!:&!.&/*%!)(:$!>;%&):(/!
?&*@8(7*;=!*&!N%E*):(&*%5D!'28!;8%$5!;28(8):(85!2%/!;:!(8E=!:&!/%;%!%@%*E%<E8!)(:$!:;28(!7:#(+87D!
?&):(;#&%;8E=5!8f;8&7*@8!78%(+287!%&/!/%;%!(8A#87;7!(8@8%E8/!;2%;!;28!E*,8E*2::/!:)!)*&/*&-!:(!
%++877*&-!%!+(8/*<E8!/%;%78;!#9:&!e2*+2!;:!+:&/#+;!A#%&;*;%;*@8!%&%E=7*7!e%7!E:e!;:!&:&8f*7;8&;D!
G*@8&!;2%;!;28!;8%$!+:&/#+;8/!;28!(878%(+2!)(:$!>;%&):(/!?&*@8(7*;=!*&!;28!?&*;8/!>;%;875!;28!
(878%(+2!(8E*8/!:&!78+:&/%(=!(87:#(+87!%&/!FGH!*&;8(@*8e7!):(!/%;%!+:EE8+;*:&D!
X2*E8!;28!(878%(+28(7!E%+,8/!%!+(8/*<E8!/%;%<%785!;28(8!e8(8!E%(-8!%$:#&;7!:)!78+:&/%(=!/%;%!)(:$!
FGH75!7;%;8!/89%(;$8&;75!%&/!E%e!8&):(+8$8&;!%-8&+*87!%@%*E%<E8D!'2*7!78+:&/%(=!/%;%!e%7!#78/!%7!
+:((:<:(%;*@8!8@*/8&+8!;2(:#-2:#;!;28!(89:(;!):(!;28!A#%E*;%;*@8!)*&/*&-7!/#(*&-!;28!(878%(+2!
9(:+877D!R8+:$$8&/%;*:&7!e8(8!/8(*@8/!)(:$!;28!E*;8(%;#(8!(8@*8e5!*&;8(@*8e75!+%78!7;#/*87!:)!
FGH!9(%+;*+875!%&/!E8-%E!%&%E=7*7!;2%;!e8(8!+:$9E8;8/D!
'28!7;#/=!<8-%&!e*;2!%!(8/#+;*:&!*&!-8:-(%92*+!):+#7!7:!%7!;:!%EE:e!):(!7#))*+*8&;!/89;2!:)!(878%(+2!
*&;:!;28!78E8+;8/!7;%;87!%&/!;%(-8;!;2:78!7;%;87!e*;2!-(8%;8(!:(!$:(8!(89(878&;%;*@8!9(:<E8$7D!'28!
7+:98!&%((:e*&-!e%7!/:&8!<=!7;%;8!<8+%#78!8f*7;*&-!/%;%!%&/!-:@8(&$8&;!9:E*+*87!%(8!&%;#(%EE=!
:(/8(8/!<=!7;%;8D!B);8(!%&!*&*;*%E!7#(@8=!:)!.&/*%K7!7;%;87!I!;8((*;:(*875!&*&8!e8(8!78E8+;8/!):(!7;#/=0!
B&/2(%!M(%/8725!Z*2%(5!N22%;;*7-%(25!G:%5!L8E2*5!H(*77%5!'%$*E!F%/#5!h2%(,2%&/5!%&/!X87;!Z8&-%ED!!
>8E8+;*:&!e%7!<%78/!:&!;28!):EE:e*&-!+(*;8(*%0!
3D A!pervasive!and!increasing!trend!toward!TIP:!!'BC!+%&!9:;8&;*%EE=!2%@8!;28!$:7;!*$9%+;!
*&!(8-*:&7!e28(8!;28!9(:<E8$7!%(8!-(8%;87;!%&/!*&+(8%7*&-D!
4D State!and!local!governments!that!are!receptive!to!TIP!intervention:!'2*7!+(*;8(*:&!e%7!
7#--87;8/!<=!'BC!<8+%#78!:)!;28!/*))*+#E;*87!%77:+*%;8/!e*;2!87;%<E*72*&-!*&(:%/7!*&!
E:+%;*:&7!e28(8!;28(8!*7!E*;;E8!-:@8(&$8&;!7#99:(;!):(!%&;*_'.M!8)):(;7D!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
11

!Tyldum,!G.!and!Brunovskis,!A.!(2005).!Describing!the!Unobserved:!!Methodological!Challenges!in!Empirical!Studies!on!Human!
Trafficking.!Retrieved!November!19,!2009,!from!http://www.no"
trafficking.org/content/web/05reading_rooms/data_and_research_on_human_trafficking_a_global_survey_iom.pdf#page=19!

]D Representation!within!the!group!of!source,!transit,!and!destination!points!for!
trafficking:!':!/8;8($*&8!e28(8!'BC!+%&!<8!$:7;!8))8+;*@85!*;!e%7!*$9:(;%&;!;:!%&%E=i8!
:99:(;#&*;*87!):(!*&;8(@8&;*:&!%;!%EE!7;%-87!:)!;28!;(%))*+,*&-!9(:+8775!)(:$!7:#(+8!;:!
/87;*&%;*:&D!
\D Sufficient!secondary!data!available!for!each!state:!In!;28!%<78&+8!:)!)*8E/!(878%(+25!*;!e%7!
+(#+*%E!;2%;!7#))*+*8&;!*&):($%;*:&!*&!S&-E*72!<8!%@%*E%<E8!%<:#;!8%+2!7;%;8K7!;(%))*+,*&-!
9(:<E8$5!;28!FGH7!e:(,*&-!;28(85!%&/!-:@8(&$8&;!%&;*_'.M!8)):(;7D!
^D Representation!within!the!group!of!a!variety!of!dynamics!that!could!potentially!be!
influencing!the!rate!of!TIP:!C:(!*&7;%&+85!7:$8!7;%;87!8f98(*8&+8!*&+(8%78/!E8@8E7!:)!'.M!
<8+%#78!:)!&%;#(%E!/*7%7;8(75!e2*E8!:;28(7!8f98(*8&+8!'.M!/#8!;:!8f;(8$8!9:@8(;=D!'2878!
@%(=*&-!/=&%$*+7!e*EE!<8!/*7+#778/!*&!M%(;!]D!!
Z=!%&%E=i*&-!78@8(%E!7;%;87!e*;2!7#<7;%&;*%EE=!/*))8(8&;!+2%(%+;8(*7;*+7!;2%;!+:#E/!*$9%+;!;(%))*+,*&-5!
;28!7;#/=!2%7!%!2*-28(!9:;8&;*%E!;:!<8!%99E*+%<E8!;:!=8;!)#(;28(!7;%;87!*&!;28!)#;#(8!<=!$:(8!
+:$9(828&7*@8E=!(89(878&;*&-!.&/*%K7!/*@8(7*;=D!'BC!$%=!<8!%<E8!;:!8f;8&/!;28!-8:-(%92*+!):+#7!<=!
%99E=*&-!;28!+:&+E#7*:&7!(8%+28/!):(!;28!+2:78&!7;%;87P;8((*;:(*87!:&;:!7*$*E%(!:&87D!C:(!8f%$9E85!%!
+:$$:&!98(+89;*:&!*7!;2%;!9:@8(;=!$%*&E=!/(*@87!'.MD!'2*7!$%=!<8!;(#8!e28&!E::,*&-!%;!+8(;%*&!
9(:@*&+87!E*,8!Z*2%(D!":e8@8(5!8@8&!*&!7:$8!7;%;87!e*;2!*$9(:@*&-!7:+*:_8+:&:$*+!*&/*+%;:(75!7#+2!
%7!'%$*E!F%/#5!'.M!%998%(7!;:!<8!:&!;28!(*78D!'2#75!;28!7;%;87!78E8+;8/!@%(=!*&!;8($7!:)!/=&%$*+7D!
!

!
3

DYNAMICS!OF!TRAFFICKING!

'2*7!78+;*:&!9(878&;7!)*&/*&-7!:&!;28!/=&%$*+7!:)!;(%))*+,*&-!*&!.&/*%!-E8%&8/!)(:$!;28!E*;8(%;#(8!
(8@*8e5!7;%;8!9(:)*E875!FGH!*&;8(@*8e75!%&/!;28!E8-%E!)(%$8e:(,!%&%E=7*7D!!.&!%//*;*:&!;:!*/8&;*)=*&-!
;28!(::;!+%#787!:)!'.M!*&!.&/*%5!M%(;!]!*/8&;*)*87!;28!*$9%+;7!:)!;(%))*+,*&-5!;28!<%((*8(7!;:!9(:;8+;*&-!
@*+;*$7!%&/!9(:78+#;*&-!:))8&/8(7!e*;2*&!;28!E8-%E!)(%$8e:(,5!%&/!/*7+#7787!E:+%E!/=&%$*+7!%;!%!
7;%;8!E8@8E!;2%;!*&)E#8&+8!%!(8-*:&K7!7#7+89;*<*E*;=!;:!+8(;%*&!):($7!:)!'.MD!!
C%+;:(7!7#+2!%7!8+:&:$*+!/8@8E:9$8&;!%&/!@#E&8(%<*E*;=!;:!&%;#(%E!/*7%7;8(7!2*-2E=!*$9%+;!'.M!
9%;;8(&7!)(:$!(8-*:&!;:!(8-*:&D!.77#87!E*,8!9:@8(;=!*&+(8%78!*&/*@*/#%E7K!@#E&8(%<*E*;*87!;:!;28!
$%&*9#E%;*:&7!:)!;(%))*+,8(7!%&/!7:+*%E!&:($7!O8D-D!78f*7$!;:e%(/7!e:$8&!%&/!-*(E7Q!%EE:e!
+:$$#&*;*87!%&/!)%$*E*87!;:!7#<g8+;!;28*(!E:@8/!:&87!;:!;28!7+:#(-8!:)!;(%))*+,*&-5!7:$8;*$87!
@:E#&;%(*E=D!'(%))*+,*&-!+(8%;87!E:&-_E%7;*&-!7:+*%E5!8+:&:$*+5!%&/!28%E;2!*$9%+;7D!!.&/*%K7!E8-%E!
)(%$8e:(,!*7!78@8(8E=!)E%e8/D!.&7;8%/!:)!9(:;8+;*&-!@*+;*$7!%&/!9(:78+#;*&-!:))8&/8(75!$:(8!:);8&!
;2%&!&:;5!@*+;*$7!%(8!9(:78+#;8/!%&/!:))8&/8(75!9(:;8+;8/D!!
X2*E8!;2*7!78+;*:&!/(%e7!:&!78@8(%E!%&%E=7875!%!798+*%E!&:;8!%<:#;!;28!E*;8(%;#(8!*7!e%((%&;8/D!!G*@8&!
;2%;!;28!+2%(%+;8(*7;*+7!:)!2#$%&!;(%))*+,*&-!%(8!*$9%+;8/!<=!E:+%E!8+:&:$*+5!7:+*%E!%&/!(8-#E%;:(=!
8&@*(:&$8&;75!7;#/*87!:);8&!2%@8!7$%EE!7%$9E8!7*i87!:(!E%+,!8@*/8&+8_<%78/!%77#$9;*:&7!%&/!
(87#E;7D 34 !1:(8:@8(5!;28!E*;8(%;#(8!e%7!/*79(:9:(;*:&%;8E=!):+#78/!:&!.&/*%&!e:$8&!<8*&-!
;(%))*+,8/!):(!;28!9#(9:787!:)!78f#%E!8f9E:*;%;*:&5!e2*+2!/:87!&:;!%++#(%;8E=!(8)E8+;!;28!/*@8(*;=!:)!
;28!;(%))*+,*&-!8f98(*8&+8!*&!.&/*%D!3] !'28!'(%))*+,*&-!'28$%;*+!G(:#9!O466]Q!*/8&;*)8/!;e:!(8%7:&7!
):(!;2*70!
3D .;!*7!8%7*8(!):(!:(-%&*i%;*:&7!%//(877*&-!;28!'.M!*77#8!;:!(%*78!)#&/*&-!):(!J$:(%E!:#;(%-8K!
(8%7:&75!8798+*%EE=!*)!#&/8(%-8!-*(E7!%(8!*&@:E@8/k!
4D '28!78f!;(%/8!*7!$:(8!@*7*<E8!%&/!8%7*8(!;:!8f%$*&8!):(!7*-&7!:)!;(%))*+,*&-!;2%&!:;28(!):($7!
:)!'.MD!'2*7!*7!8798+*%EE=!;(#8!):(!):($7!:)!E%<:(!;2%;!$%=!/(%e!%!@8(=!)*&8!E*&8!<8;e88&!
;(%))*+,*&-!%&/!@:E#&;%(=!$*-(%;*:&D 3\!
X2*E8!;28!E*;8(%;#(8!E%+,7!8$9*(*+%E!(:<#7;&8775!*;!&:&8;28E877!9(:@*/8/!@%E#%<E8!98(798+;*@8!:&!;28!
7;%;8!:)!'.M!*&!.&/*%D!C*&%EE=5!;2*7!(878%(+25!e2*E8!2%@*&-!%$<*;*:#7!-:%E75!*7!&:;!%&!8@%E#%;*:&!:)!;28!
9(:<E8$!:)!'.M!e:(E/e*/8k!*;!*7!%&!8@E#%;*:&!:)!'.M!*&!.&/*%D!'28!)*&/*&-7!:)!;2*7!78+;*:&!(8)E8+;!;2*7!
):+#7D!
B7!%&!*&;(:/#+;*:&!;:!;28!/=&%$*+7!:)!;(%))*+,*&-!*&!.&/*%5!*;!*7!8778&;*%E!;:!-(%79!;28!:@8(e28E$*&-!
/*@8(7*;=!:)!.&/*%&!7;%;87!%&/!;8((*;:(*87D!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
12
!Ibid.!
13

!Trafficking!Thematic!Group.!(2003).!Revisiting!the!Human!Trafficking!Paradigm:!The!Bangladesh!Experience.!

14

!Ibid.!

!
]D3

>HN.HSNHFH1.N!N"BRBN'SR.>'.N>!HC!>STSN'SL!>'B'S>P'SRR.'HR.S>!!

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7;%;87P;8((*;:(*87!*&!.&/*%!%7!%!7%$9E8!9:9#E%;*:&!):(!+%78!7;#/*87!<%78/!:&!+(*;8(*%!/87+(*<8/!*&!
>8+;*:&!4D45!H<g8+;*@87!%&/!>+:98D!'2878!7;%;87P;8((*;:(*87!e8(80!B&/2(%!M(%/8725!Z*2%(5!
N22%;;*7-%(25!L8E2*5!G:%5!h2%(,2%&/5!H(*77%!OH/*72%Q5!'%$*E!F%/#5!%&/!X87;!Z8&-%E!O788!
7;%;87P;8((*;:(*87!2*-2E*-2;8/!*&!<E%+,!*&!C*-#(8!3QD!'2*7!78+;*:&!<(*8)E=!*&;8-(%;87!;28!*&):($%;*:&!
)(:$!8%+2!:)!;2:78!&*&8!9(:)*E875!-*@*&-!%!<(*8)!:@8(@*8e!:)!7:$8!/*7;*&-#*72*&-!+2%(%+;8(*7;*+7!:)!
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Figure!1:!Map!of!the!Selected!States/Territories!of!India!

!
'28!&*&8!78E8+;8/!7;%;87P;8((*;:(*87!2%@8!:&8!$%g:(!+:$$:&%E*;=p'.M!*7!E%(-8!*&!$%-&*;#/8!%&/!*7!
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*$9:@8(*728/!7;%;875!$%&=!2%@8!2*-2!E8@8E7!:)!7+28/#E8/!+%7;87!%&/!;(*<87!O*D8D!-(:#97!;2%;!%(8!
@#E&8(%<E8!;:!;(%))*+,*&-!/#8!;:!;28*(!9::(!7:+*%E!7;%;#7QD!B+(:77!;28!<:%(/5!;28(8!%(8!7*-&*)*+%&;!
/*79%(*;*87!*&!;28!E*;8(%+=!(%;87!:)!$8&!%&/!e:$8&!%&/!8*-2;!:)!&*&8!(8-*:&7!%(8!8*;28(!/*7%7;8(!:(!
+:&)E*+;!9(:&8D!C*&%EE=5!$%&=!:)!;28!7;%;87!%(8!7:#(+8!7;%;87!:)!;(%))*+,8/!@*+;*$7pE%(-8E=!/#8!;:!
;28*(!9::(!8+:&:$*+!/8@8E:9$8&;D!!>;*EE5!/879*;8!;2878!<(:%/!+:$9%(*7:&7!:)!;28!78E8+;8/!
7;%;87P;8((*;:(*875!8%+2!/*))8(7!-(8%;E=!)(:$!:&8!%&:;28(D!Z8E:e!%(8!%!)8e!:)!;28!8f+89;*:&%E!
+2%(%+;8(*7;*+7!%<:#;!8%+2!7;%;8!;2%;!+%&&:;!<8!-E8%&8/!)(:$!'%<E8!3D!!
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3D Andhra!Pradesh!
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+:&;(*<#;*&-!)%+;:(!;:!'.MD!!
4D Bihar!

]D

\D

^D

aD

`D

UD

bD

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7;%;8D 3^!
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Chhattisgarh!
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! >;%;8!-:@8(&$8&;!*7!%$8&%<E8!;:!e:(,*&-!e*;2!+*@*E!7:+*8;=!:(-%&*i%;*:&7!%&/!/:&:(7!;:!
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! G:%!(89(878&;7!%&!*&;8(87;*&-!+%78!7;#/=!:)!&8e!;=987!:)!;(%))*+,*&-!8&;8(*&-!.&/*%!@*%!
/8@8E:9*&-!*&/#7;(*87!7#+2!%7!;:#(*7$D!!
Delhi!
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:)!3bbbD 3a!
Tamil!Nadu!
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! N(*$87!%-%*&7;!e:$8&!%&/!+2*E/(8&5!-8&8(%EE=5!%(8!:&!;28!(*78D!
Jharkhand!
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#&/8(7;%;8$8&;5!%7!X87;!Z8&-%E!(8$%*&7!%!7;%;8!e28(8!;28!(89:(;*&-!:)!+(*$8!*7!)%(!
E:e8(!;2%&!*&!:;28(!7;%;87D!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
15

!Sen,!S.!(2004).!A!Report!on!Trafficking!in!Women!and!Children!in!India!2002"2003.!New!Delhi:!National!Human!Rights!
Commission,!UNIFEM,!Institute!of!Social!Sciences.!

16

!UNIFEM!(2009).!Anti"Trafficking.!Retrieved!on!October!10,!2009!from!http://www.unifem.org.in/antitafficking.html.!!

!
Table!1:!Comparison!of!Selected!States/Territories 17!

State!

National!and!
International!Borders!

No.!of!
rescues!
(2002)!

Sex!
Ratio!
(2001
)!

%!
under!
poverty!
line!

Percentage!SC!
to!state!
Population!
(2001)!

Disaster!/!
Conflict!
Prone?!

Literacy!Rates!
(2001)!

GDP!
Growth!
(2006)!

HIV!Prevalence!
among!Female!
Sex!Workers!
(2006)!

Source!/!!
Destination!/!
Transit!Area!
(2002)!

Orissa!

B&/2(%!M(%/8725!
N22%;;*7-%(25!X87;!
Z8&-%E!%&/!h2%(,2%&/!

?&,&:e&!

b`4!

]bDb!

3aD^!

W!

':;%E0!a]Da!
1%E80!`aD6!
C8$%E80!^6Db!

36D^!

6DU!

>:#(+8!

Bihar!

X87;!Z8&-%E5!
h2%(,2%&/5!?;;%(!
M(%/8725!F89%E!

36!

b43!

\4Da!

3^D`!

W!

':;%E0!\`D^!
1%E80!a6D]!
C8$%E80!]4Da!

\D4!

]D\!

>:#(+85!;(%&7*;5!
%&/!/87;*&%;*:&!

Delhi!

"%(=%&%!%&/!?;;%(!
M(%/872!

U3!

U43!

UD]!

3aDb!

F!

aD`!

]D4!

L87;*&%;*:&!%&/!
;(%&7*;!

West!Bengal!

Z%&-E%/8725!B77%$5!>*,,*$5!
Z2#;%&5!F89%E5!Z*2%(5!
h2%(,2%&/!%&/!H(*77%!

^\!

b]\!

4`D6!

4]D6!

W!

aDU!

^Db!

>:#(+8!%&/!
;(%&7*;!

Goa!

V%(&%;%,%!%&/!
1%2%(%72;(%!

]6!

ba6!

\D\!

3DU!

W!

UD]!

?&,&:e&!

L87;*&%;*:&!

Andhra!
Pradesh!

'%$*E!F%/#5!V%(&%;%,%5!
1%2%(%72;(%5!
N22%;;*7-%(2!%&/!H(*77%!

36\!

b`U!

3^DU!

3aD4!

W!

\Db!

bD`!

>:#(+8!%&/!
;(%&7*;!

Tamil!Nadu!

B&/2(%!M(%/8725!V8(%E%!

U6!

bUa!

43D3!

3bD6!

W!

':;%E0!`]D^!
1%E80!U4D]!
C8$%E80!a\Da!

aDU!

\D`!

>:#(+85!;(%&7*;5!
%&/!/87;*&%;*:&!

Jharkhand!

X87;!Z8&-%E5!H(*77%5!
N22%;;*7-%(25!?;;%(!
M(%/8725!Z*2%(!

?&,&:e&!

b\3!

\\!

33DU!

W!

':;%E0!^\D3!
1%E80!a`Db!
C8$%E80!]bD\!

36DU3!

3D3!

>:#(+8!

Chhattisgarh!

h2%(,2%&/5!H(*77%5!B&/2(%!
M(%/8725!1%2%(%72;(%5!1%/2=%!
M(%/872!%&/!?;;%(!M(%/872!

?&,&:e&!

bb6!

]UDb!

33Da!

W!

':;%E0!a^D4!
1%E80!``Db!
C8$%E80!^4D\!

3]D3a!

3D\!

>:#(+8!

':;%E0!U3DU!
1%E80!U`D\!
C8$%E80!`^D6!
':;%E0!abD4!
1%E80!``Da!
C8$%E80!a6D4!
':;%E0!U4D]!
1%E80!UUDb!
C8$%E80!`^D^!
':;%E0!a3D3!
1%E80!`6Db!
C8$%E80!^3D4!

!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
17

!UNIFEM.!(2004).!A!Report!on!Trafficking!in!Women!and!Children!in!India!2002"2003,!NHRC"UNIFEM"ISS!Project!(n.d.).!Retrieved!November!2,!2009;!Dubey,!R.,!Surendra,!N.!
(2001).!Population!of!India.!Authors!press,!First!Edition;!and!Khan,!A.,!Vivek,!H.!(2007).!State!of!the!Indian!Economy!"!Towards!a!larger!constituency!for!second!generation!
economic!reforms.!Sage!Publications;!First!Edition.!

36

]D4

1.GRB'.HF!MB''SRF>!I!>SN'HR>!HC!'.M!!!

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/:$87;*+!%&/!*&;8(&%;*:&%E!<:(/8(7D!":e8@8(5!;(%))*+,*&-!9%;;8(&7!*&/*+%;8!;2%;!b6j!:)!'.M!*&!.&/*%!
*7!/:$87;*+5!e*;2!:&E=!36j!;%,*&-!9E%+8!%+(:77!*&;8(&%;*:&%E!<:(/8(7D! 3U !.&/*%!*7!%!/87;*&%;*:&!):(!
;(%))*+,*&-!@*+;*$7!)(:$!Z%&-E%/872!%&/!F89%ED!'28(8!*7!%E7:!7:$8!/8-(88!:)!;(%&7*;!:)!&:&_+*;*i8&7!
:++#((*&-5!E%(-8E=!+:&7*7;*&-!:)!$8&!<8*&-!;(%))*+,8/!)(:$!>:#;2!B7*%!;:!;28!1*//E8!S%7;D!C*&%EE=5!
.&/*%!*7!%E7:!%!7:#(+8!:)!'.M!@*+;*$7!):(!S#(:985!;28!1*//E8!S%7;5!%&/!F:(;2!B$8(*+%D 3b !!
X*;2*&!.&/*%5!(8-*:&7!@%(=!*&!;28*(!'.M!$*-(%;:(=!9%;;8(&75!e*;2!7:$8!7;%;87P;8((*;:(*87!<8*&-!7:E8E=!
7:#(+8!%(8%75!:;28(7!<8*&-!7:E8E=!/87;*&%;*:&!%(8%75!%&/!;28!)#EE!-%$<*;!:)!9:77*<*E*;*87!*&!<8;e88&!
O8D-D!7;%;87!<8*&-!;(%&7*;5!7:#(+85!%&/!/87;*&%;*:&!%(8%7QD!'28!FGH!*&;8(@*8e7!9:*&;8/!;:!e2%;!
)%+;:(7!/*7;*&-#*728/!:&8!%(8%!)(:$!%&:;28(D!Z8E:e!%(8!;28!)*&/*&-7D!!
!

Source:!M:@8(;=!e%7!e*;2:#;!A#87;*:&!;28!7*&-E8!E%(-87;!98(+8*@8/!(8%7:&!):(!%&!%(8%!<8*&-!%!
m7:#(+8n!:)!'.MD!!>;*EE5!+#E;#(%E!*77#87!O8D-D!+%7;8!7=7;8$Q5!(8E*-*:#7!*77#875!&%;#(%E!
/*7%7;8(7P+:&)E*+;75!%&/!;28!E%+,!:)!%&!8))8+;*@8!E8-%E!)(%$8e:(,!e8(8!%E7:!+*;8/!%7!(8%7:&7!
):(!%(8%7!<8*&-!7:#(+8!E:+%;*:&7D!
Destination:!H)!;2:78!FGH7!*&!'.M!/87;*&%;*:&!%(8%75!*;!e%7!)8E;!;2%;!;(%))*+,*&-!+%$8!%7!%!
/8(*@%;*@8!:)!2*-2!)E:e7!:)!*&)E:e7!:)!$*-(%&;7!)(:$!;28!(87;!:)!;28!+:#&;(=!<8+%#78!:)!%&!
%(8%K7!8+:&:$*+!7#++8775!%!2*-2!/8$%&/!):(!78f!e:(,8(7!%7!%!(87#E;!:)!<8*&-!%!$%g:(!;:#(*7;!
/87;*&%;*:&5!-8&8(*+!-8&/8(P+%7;8!*77#875!%&/!%!E%+,!:)!+:$$#&*;=!(879:&7*<*E*;=!):(!7:+*%E!
78+#(*;=!%&/!e8E)%(8D!'28!%<78&+8!:)!%!7;(:&-!E8-%E!)(%$8e:(,!*&!;28!(8-*:&!e%7!7*$*E%(E=!
+*;8/!%7!%!)%+;:(!+:&;(*<#;*&-!;:!*&+(8%78/!/87;*&%;*:&!;(%))*+,*&-D!!
Transit:!B7!8f98+;8/5!FGH7!)(:$!;(%&7*;!%(8%7!%;;(*<#;8/!$#+2!:)!;28!%(8%K7!'.M!9E*-2;!;:!
-8:-(%92=!O*D8D!;(%&79:(;!2#<!*&!(:#;8!;:!:;28(!7;%;87Q!%&/!*&)(%7;(#+;#(8!O*D8D!8f;8&7*@8!%&/!
#&$:&*;:(8/!;(%*&!&8;e:(,7QD!!

F:;%<E=5!9:@8(;=!e%7!&:;!$8&;*:&8/!%7!%!9(*$%(=!)%+;:(!):(!/87;*&%;*:&!:(!;(%&7*;!(8-*:&7D!!
'28!$:7;!9(8@%E8&;!78+;:(7!8$9E:=*&-!;(%))*+,8/!98:9E8!*&!.&/*%!%(8!;28!):EE:e*&-0 46!
!
!
!
!
!

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Z:&/8/!E%<:(!*&!/*))8(8&;!*&/#7;(*%E!%&/!%-(*+#E;#(%E!78+;:(7k!
L:$87;*+!e:(,k!
S&;8(;%*&$8&;!78+;:(!O+*(+#7875!+%$8E!g:+,8=*&-Qk!%&/!
Z8--*&-!%&/!:;28(!+%(;8E_E*,8!8f9E:*;%;*@8!%+;*@*;*87D!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
18
!Ali.!(2005).!
19

!US!Department!of!State.!(2009).!Trafficking!in!Persons!Report:!India.!Retrieved!4!February!4,!2010,!from!
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/publisher,USDOS,,IND,4a4214b4c,0.html.!

20

!Asia!Development!Bank.!(2003).!Dynamics!!of!Trafficking!of!Women!&!Children!in!South!Asia.!Retrieved!January!24,!2010,!
from!http://www.adb.org/Documents/Books/Combating_Trafficking/.!

33

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8f9E:*;%;*:&D!":e8@8(5!%++:(/*&-!;:!;28!7;%;8!9(:)*E8!%&%E=7*7!%&/!FGH!*&;8(@*8e75!<:;2!E%<:(!
;(%))*+,*&-!%&/!+:$$8(+*%E!78f!;(%))*+,*&-!%(8!9(8@%E8&;!;=987!:)!'.M!*&!.&/*%5!e*;2!8A#%E!&#$<8(!:)!
$8&;*:&*&-7!):(!8%+2!(8798+;*@8E=D!
]D]

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78+:&/%(=!+%#787!:)!;(%))*+,*&-!*&+E#/8!E:e!8$9E:=$8&;!9(:798+;75!%!9%;(*%(+2%E!+#E;#(85!E:e!(8-%(/!
):(!e:$8&K7!(*-2;75!E:e!E8@8E7!:)!8/#+%;*:&5!/*7+(*$*&%;*:&!%&/!$%(-*&%E*i%;*:&!:)!e:$8&5!%&/!
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/8$:&7;(%<E=!E*&,8/!;:!;28!+8&;(%E!*77#8!:)!9:@8(;=D!!Z%78/!:&!;28!7;%;8!9(:)*E875!%//*;*:&%E!)%+;:(7!
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!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!IOM.!(2002).!

21
22

!Ali.!(2005).!

34

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;(%))*+,*&-!2%7!2*&/8(8/!%&;*_'.M!8)):(;7D!!G8&/8(_<*%78/!7:+*%E!9(%+;*+87!2%@8!E8/!9%(8&;7!;:!<8!
98(7#%/8/!<=!;(%))*+,8(7!#&/8(!)%E78!9(8;8f;7!:)!$%((*%-8!e*;2:#;!%!/:e(=D 4U !'2878!$%((*%-875!
%$:#&;*&-!;:!;(%))*+,*&-!e28&!):(+8/5!#&/8(!+:&;(%+;5!:(!*&@:E@*&-!%!-*(E!+2*E/5!%(*78!9%(;E=!<8+%#78!
:)!7,8e8/!78f!(%;*:7D!.&/*%!*7!,&:e&!):(!*;7!2*-2!E8@8E7!:)!)8$%E8!)8;*+*/8k!%++:(/*&-!;:!:&8!87;*$%;85!
:&8!*&!;e8&;=_)*@8!)8$%E8!)8;#787!*7!%<:(;8/D 4b !'2*7!7;8$7!)(:$!m;28!E:&-_28E/!;(%/*;*:&!:)!/:e(=!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
23
!ADB.!(2005).!
24

!Ibid.!

25

!(2001).!Network!Against!Trafficking!and!Sexual!Exploitation.!

26

!Ibid.!

27

!ADB.!(2005).;!Ali.!(2005).!

28

!UNIFEM/UNIAP.!(2002).!

29

!Frontline!World.!(2009).!Female!Feticide.!Retrieved!December!10,!2009,!from!
http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/rough/2007/04/the_missing_girlinks.html.!

3]

;2%;!$%,87!e:$8&!%&!8+:&:$*+!<#(/8&!):(!)%$*E*87!*&!.&/*%Dn ]6 !Z8+%#78!$8&!&:&8;28E877!e%&;!
e*@875!e:$8&!)(:$!7;%;87!e28(8!;28!-8&/8(!<%E%&+8!*7!$:(8!8A#%E!O*&!9%(;*+#E%(5!7;%;87!e28(8!
$%&=!)%$*E*87!%(8!;::!9::(!;:!%)):(/!%<:(;*:&Q!9(:@*/8!%!7#99E=!:)!me*@87n!;:!7;%;87!e28(8!;28!
-8&/8(!<%E%&+8!*7!<*%78/!;:e%(/7!$8&D!C:(!8f%$9E85!N22%;;*7-%(2!2%7!%!-8&/8(!(%;*:!:)!bb6!Obb6!
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$%&=!:)!;28!-*(E7!;(%))*+,8/!)(:$!N22%;;*7-%(2!8&/!#9!*&!L8E2*D!C*&%EE=5!<8+%#78!8/#+%;*:&!*7!
<8E*8@8/!;:!(8/#+8!$%((*%-8!9(:798+;75!$:(8!:);8&!;2%&!&:;!-*(E7!%(8!8*;28(!&:;!78&;!;:!7+2::E!:(!%(8!
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;28!-*(E7K!7;%;#7!%7!$*&:(75!;2*7!*7!%!):($!:)!;(%))*+,*&-D!'28!E8@8E7!:)!;2878!,*&/7!:)!+#E;#(%E!9(%+;*+87!
%(8!%77:+*%;8/!e*;2!;28!E8@8E7!:)!7+28/#E8/!+%7;87!O>NQ!%&/!7+28/#E8/!;(*<87!O>'Q!*&!%&=!-*@8&!7;%;8!
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7,*EE8/!:++#9%;*:&7!%(8!2*-2E=!@#E&8(%<E8!;:!;(%))*+,*&-D!'2878!)%+;:(7!%(8!+:$9:#&/8/!
8f9:&8&;*%EE=!*)!;28!+2*E/(8&!<8E:&-!;:!$:(8!$%(-*&%E*i8/!-(:#97!:)!7:+*8;=D!.&!7:$8!+%7875!+2*E/(8&!
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%&/!;28!+2*E/(8&!8&/!#9!:&!;28!7;(88;!:(!*&!2*-2E=!8f9E:*;%;*@8!7*;#%;*:&7QD!B99(:f*$%;8E=!`6j!:)!
#(<%&!+:$$8(+*%E!78f!e:(,8(7!$*-(%;8/!)(:$!(#(%E!%(8%7!%&/!%E$:7;!^`j!:)!;28$!%((*@8/!e*;2!
;28*(!9%(8&;7D ]4!
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*$9:(;%&;E=5!8$9E:=8(7!:9;!):(!+2*E/(8&!m<8+%#78!;28=!%(8!&%q@85!#&+:$9E%*&*&-5!8%7*E=!+:&;(:EE8/5!
@#E&8(%<E85!/8798(%;85!%&/!/*798&7%<E8Dn ]] !'28!-%$<*;!:)!:++#9%;*:&7!%&/!g:<7!%7!e8EE!%7!;(%))*+,*&-!
*&+8&;*@87!*7!E%(-8!*&!.&/*%0!+2*E/(8&!8&/!#9!%7!9:(;8(75!*&!/:$87;*+!78(@*;#/85!+%(98;!e8%@*&-5!72:8!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!Ibid.!!

30
31

!Mukherjee.!(1997).!

32

!Incidin.!(1997).!

33

!Child!workers!in!Nepal.!Retrieved!February!14,!2010,!from!http://www.cwin.org.np.!

3\

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(8+(#*;8/!*&!+*(+#787!%&/!;(%@8EE*&-!72:e7D ]\ !!
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Z*2%(!%&/!X87;!Z8&-%E5!%&/!;28!F%f%E*;8!$:@8$8&;7!*&!h2%(,2%&/!%&/!N22%;;*7-%(2!2%@8!%EE!
+:&;(*<#;8/!;:!*&+(8%78!;(%))*+,*&-D!.&!7#+2!78;;*&-75!e:$8&!%&/!-*(E7!7#))8(!/*79(:9:(;*:&%;8E=D ]a !
'2*7!*7!+:$9:#&/8/!<=!E%+,!:)!%++877!;:!+:$9(828&7*@8!*&):($%;*:&!:(!E8-*;*$%;8!%&/!%)):(/%<E8!
$*-(%;*:&!9(:-(%$7D!B!;2*(/!:)!@*+;*$7!*&!+:$$8(+*%E!78f!e:(,!e8(8!):#&/!;:!<8!)(:$!/(:#-2;_
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E8-%E!)(%$8e:(,!*&;8(%+;7!e*;2!;28!8f+E#7*:&!:)!@#E&8(%<E8!-(:#97!)(:$!<%7*+!7:+*%E!%&/!8+:&:$*+!
78(@*+87!;:!8&%<E8!%&!8&@*(:&$8&;!+:&/#+*@8!):(!;(%))*+,*&-D!]U !Sf;8&7*@8!8)):(;7!%(8!#&/8(e%=!
;2(:#-2!/8+8&;(%E*i%;*:&!:)!9E%&&*&-!%&/!/8E*@8(=!:)!78(@*+87!;:!8$9:e8(!e:$8&!%&/!+:$$#&*;*87!
;2%;!%(8!7:+*%EE=!%&/!8+:&:$*+%EE=!@#E&8(%<E8D!":e8@8(5!e:$8&!%&/!+2*E/(8&!@#E&8(%<E8!;:!
;(%))*+,*&-!%(8!E8%7;!E*,8E=!;:!<8&8)*;!)(:$!;2*7!<8+%#78!;28=!%(8!E877!E*,8E=!;:!9%(;*+*9%;8!/#8!;:!;28*(!
*&%<*E*;=!;:!%++877!7:+*%E!78(@*+87!%&/!9(:-(%$7D!B&/!.&/*%K7!E8-%E!)(%$8e:(,!*7!#&8A#*998/!;:!
7#99:(;!@#E&8(%<E8!-(:#97!%;!;2*7!;*$8D!'28!-%97!%&/!+2%EE8&-87!)%+*&-!.&/*%K7!E8-%E!)(%$8e:(,!%(8!
/*7+#778/!<8E:e!*&!$:(8!/89;2D!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
34
!ADB.!(2005).!
35

!Duggal"Chadha,!A.!(2006).!Children!and!Disasters.!In!Refugee!Survey!Quarterly:!25,!4.!Retrieved!29!November!2009!from!
http://rsq.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/25/4/85.pdf.!!

36

!USAID.!(2006).!

37

!Ibid.!!

38

!ADB.!(2005).!

3^

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+*;8/!%7!;28!9(*$%(=!+%#787!:)!'.M!*&!e8%E;2=!%(8%7D \6 !.;!*7!%(-#8/!<=!MD1D!F%*(5!:&8!:)!;28!$:7;!
2*-2E=!(8798+;8/!;(%))*+,*&-!8f98(;7!*&!.&/*%5!;2%;!;28!8+:&:$*+!<::$!2%7!*&+(8%78/!;28!/8$%&/!):(!
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":e8@8(5!*;!72:#E/!%E7:!<8!+:&7*/8(8/!;2%;5!):(!$%&=!e:$8&5!;(%))*+,*&-5!e2*E8!*&)E*+;*&-!2%($5!%E7:!
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!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!ADB.!(2005).!

39
40

!Retrieved!February!8,!2010,!from!http://www.zeenews.com/news303996.html.!

41

!Sen,!S.!(2004).!A!Report!on!Trafficking!in!Women!and!Children!in!India!2002"2003.!New!Delhi:!National!Human!Rights!
Commission,!UNIFEM,!Institute!of!Social!Sciences.!

3a

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9(:;8+;*@8!78(@*+87!):(!@*+;*$7QD!":e8@8(5!*&!;28!+%78!:)!;(%))*+,*&-!*&!.&/*%5!FGH7!%&/!-:@8(&$8&;!
%E*,8!%/$*;!;2%;!.&/*%K7!E8-%E!)(%$8e:(,!:&!9%98(!%998%(7!%7!*)!*;!+%&!8))8+;*@8E=!+#(<!;(%))*+,*&-!
;2(:#-2!8f98/*;8/!%&/!2%(72!9(:78+#;*:&!:)!:))8&/8(7k!2:e8@8(!*&!(8%E*;=5!;28!E8-%E!7=7;8$!:&E=!
78(@87!;:!)#(;28(!@*+;*$*i8!;28!@*+;*$7!:)!'.MD!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!Blanchet.!(1996).!

42
43

!ADB.!(2005).!

44

!Ibid.!

45

!Ibid.!

3`

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+:#9E8/!;:-8;28(5!2%@8!$:(8!;2%&!46!9(:@*7*:&7!;2%;!$%,8!;(%))*+,*&-!*EE8-%ED!C*&%EE=5!;28(8!%(8!
78@8(%E!:;28(!E%e7!;2%;!/8%E!e*;2!9%(;*+#E%(!;=987!:)!;(%))*+,*&-!O8D-D!<:&/8/!E%<:(5!;(%))*+,*&-!*&!
:(-%&7Q!:(!9%(;*+#E%(E=!@#E&8(%<E8!-(:#97!O8D-D!+2*E/(8&5!7+28/#E8/!+%7;87!I!;(*<87QD!.&!79*;8!:)!;28!
(:<#7;!E8-%E!<%7*7!):(!;28!9(:78+#;*:&!:)!;(%))*+,*&-!+(*$875!$%&=!:)!;28!.&/*%&!-:@8(&$8&;K7!%+;7!/:!
&:;!8))8+;*@8E=!+(*$*&%E*i8!;28!+E*8&;7!%&/!9(:)*;88(7!:)!;28!;(%/85!%&/!78@8(%E!/:!&:;!/8)*&8!
J;(%))*+,*&-K!98(!78!*&!2#$%&!<8*&-7D \U !'2*7!*7!<8+%#78!;28(8!*7!&:!87;%<E*728/!&%;*:&%E!-#*/8E*&8!:(!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
46
!Article!51(c)!
47

!National!Law!School!of!India!University.!(2000).!Handbook!on!Human!Rights!for!Judicial!Officers,!NIHR!(p.4).!National!Law!
School!of!India!University,!Bangalore,!p.!4.!

48

!Ibid.!!

3U

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;28!E%e7!(8E%;*&-!;:!;(%))*+,*&-!%(8!*&+:&7*7;8&;E=!8&):(+8/5!%&/!7:$8!:)!;28*(!9(87+(*<8/!98&%E;*87!
%(8!&:;!7#))*+*8&;E=!7;(*&-8&;D \b !C*&%EE=5!;28(8!2%7!<88&!mE*;;E8!9(:-(877!*&!%//(877*&-!<:&/8/!E%<:(n!
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*&+E#/*&-!+:$98&7%;*:&!%&/!728E;8(D!X*;2!(8798+;!;:!+:$98&7%;*:&!E%e5!*&!%!>#9(8$8!N:#(;!+%785!
Boddhi!Sattwa!Gautam!vs!Subra!Chakroboty!(3bbaQ5!g#/-87!(#E8/!;2%;!+:$98&7%;*:&!+%&!<8!%e%(/8/!
(8-%(/E877!:)!e28;28(!%!)*&8!):($8/!9%(;!:)!;28!78&;8&+8!:(!&:;D ^3 !1:(8:@8(5!*&!>#9(8$8!N:#(;!+%785!
Delhi!Domestic!Working!Womens!Forum!vs!UOI!(1995),!*;!e%7!/8;8($*&8/!;2%;!m+:$98&7%;*:&!+%&!
<8!%e%(/8/!;:!;28!@*+;*$!8@8&!e*;2:#;!+:&@*+;*:&!%&/!8@8&!/#(*&-!98&/8&+=!:)!;(*%EDn ^4 !1:(8:@8(5!
*&!466U5!;28!>8+D!]^`!:)!;28!N:/8!:)!N(*$*&%E!M(:+8/#(8!ON(MNQ!e%7!%$8&/8/!;:!*&+E#/8!;28!
):EE:e*&-!9(:@*7*:&5!+%EE*&-!):(!7;%;87!;:!78;!#9!+:$98&7%;*:&!7+28$87D!mS@8(=!>;%;8!G:@8(&$8&;!*&!
+::(/*&%;*:&!e*;2!;28!N8&;(%E!G:@8(&$8&;!72%EE!9(89%(8!%!7+28$8!):(!9(:@*/*&-!)#&/7!):(!;28!
9#(9:78!:)!+:$98&7%;*:&!;:!;28!@*+;*$!:(!2*7!/898&/8&;7!e2:!2%@8!7#))8(8/!E:77!:(!*&g#(=!%7!%!
(87#E;!:)!;28!+(*$8!%&/!(8A#*(8!(82%<*E*;%;*:&Dn^]!
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mR8E*8)!%&/!R82%<*E*;%;*:&!C#&/n!):(!@*+;*$7!:)!(%985!;(%))*+,*&-5!%</#+;*:&5!/:e(=!/8%;275!%&/!:;28(!
(8E%;8/!+(*$87D!G(%&;7!%(8!%e%(/8/!;:!@*+;*$7!*&!%$:#&;7!(%&-*&-!)(:$!R7D!^5666!;:!R7!365666Dn ^\!
]D^D4 .F>'.'?'.HF>!
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E%e7!(8E%;*&-!;:!2#$%&!;(%))*+,*&-!*77#87D!.&!%//*;*:&!;:!)#&/*&-!:@8(!466!728E;8(75!*;!%E7:!+:&/#+;7!
%e%(8&877!+%$9%*-&7!%-%*&7;!2#$%&!;(%))*+,*&-5!%EE:+%;87!)#&/*&-!;:!7;%;8!9(:-(%$75!%&/!$:&*;:(7!
;(%))*+,*&-!;(8&/7D!":e8@8(5!*;!*7!&:;!/*(8+;E=!(879:&7*<E8!):(!E%e!8&):(+8$8&;5!7:!*;!2%7!(8E%;*@8E=!
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E8@8E!:)!)(%-$8&;%;*:&!:)!8)):(;7!%;!;28!+8&;(%E!-:@8(&$8&;!E8@8E!<8+%#78!:)!;28!$%&=!$*&*7;(*87!;2%;!
2%@8!%!@87;8/!*&;8(87;!*&!;(%))*+,*&-D!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
49

!US!Department!of!State.!(2009).!Trafficking!in!Persons!Report:!India.!Retrieved!February!4,!2010,!from!
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/publisher,USDOS,,IND,4a4214b4c,0.html.!

50

!!Ibid.!!

51

!Nair,!P.M.!(2007).!Handbook!for!Law!Enforcement!Agencies!in!India.!Retrieved!February!3,!2010,!from!
http://www.apneaap.org/policy"work/our"resources/best"practices/handbook"law"enforcement"agencies"india"drpm"m"nair,!
p.44.!

52

!Ibid,!p.45.!!

53

!Kant,!R.!Victim!Compensation!in!India.!Retrieved!February!13,!2010!from!
http://lawreports.wordpress.com/2009/06/23/victim"compensation"in"india/.!!

54

!Government!of!Andhra!Pradesh!Abstract:!Relief!and!Rehabilitation!Fund.!(2006).!!

3b

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7;#/=!:&!;(%))*+,*&-!*&;8(@*8e8/!U^4!9:E*+8!:))*+8(7!O33`!78&*:(!%&/!`]^!*&@87;*-%;*&-!:))*+8(7Q!%&/!
):#&/!;2%;!:@8(!U6!98(!+8&;!%;;%+2!8*;28(!Y&*EY!:(!YE:eY!9(*:(*;=!;:!;28!*77#8!:)!;(%))*+,*&-D!!C:(;=!98(!
+8&;!:)!:))*+8(7!7#(@8=8/!2%/!&:;!8@8&!28%(/!:)!;28!+:&+89;!:)!;(%))*+,*&-!e2*E8!:&E=!`!98(!+8&;!2%/!
(8+8*@8/!%&=!,*&/!:)!;(%*&*&-!:&!;28!7#<g8+;Dn ^` !!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
55

!As!per!the!information!available![in!December!2009],!31,139,022!cases!were!pending!in!the!courts!in!the!country."!!

ThaIndian.com.!(2009).!31,139,022!cases!pending!in!Indian!courts.!!Retrieved!January!28,!2010,!from!
http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/uncategorized/31139022"cases"pending"in"indian"courts_100290788.html.!
56

!!Center!for!Media!Studies.!(2005).!India!Corruption!Study!200!to!Improve!Governance.!Transparency!International!India.!
Retrieved!February!10,!2010!from!www.cmsindia.org/cms/events/judiciary.pdf.!

57

!UNODC.!(2005).!Project!Summary:!Strengthening!the!law!enforcement!response!in!India!against!trafficking!in!persons!and!
sex!tourism!in!key!states!and!cities!through!training!and!capacity!building.!Retrieved!on!6!February!2010!from!
http://www.unodc.org/india/ind_s16.html.!

46

S@8&!$:(8!8-(8-*:#7E=5!;28=!E%+,!78&7*;*@*;=!;:!;28!9E*-2;!:)!;(%))*+,*&-!%&/!#78!;28!.'MB!%-%*&7;!;28!
@*+;*$75!&:;!;28!;(%))*+,8(7D!C#(;28($:(85!e2*E8!$%,*&-!7:$8!-%*&7!*&!9(:;8+;*:&!%&/!+%9%+*;=!
<#*E/*&-5!9:E*+8!%(8!&:;!/:*&-!%&!%/8A#%;8!g:<!:)!(8-*7;8(*&-!+%787!%&/!+:&/#+;*&-!;2:(:#-2!
*&@87;*-%;*:&75!$%,*&-!;28!g#/*+*%E!9(:+877!@8(=!8%7=!):(!;(%))*+,8(7!;:!8@%/8!:(!$%&*9#E%;8!e*;2!;28!
9#(9:78!:)!-%*&*&-!%&!%+A#*;;%ED!!
C*&%EE=5!;28!)%+;!;2%;!;28!*77#8!:)!;(%))*+,*&-!*7!+%9;#(8/!<=!:@8(!3^!@%(*:#7!7;%;#;87!*&+(8%787!
+:&)#7*:&!e*;2*&!%&!%E(8%/=!:@8(e28E$8/!E%e!8&):(+8$8&;!78+;:(5!E8%/*&-!;:!79:;;=!%&/!@%(*8/!
*$9E8$8&;%;*:&!:)!E%e7D!B7!*/8&;*)*8/!<=!;28!466b!'(%))*+,*&-!*&!M8(7:&7!R89:(;5!m$:7;!:)!;28!
9(:@*7*:&7!:)!;28!E%e!(8$%*&!#&8&):(+8/!%&/!#&*$9E8$8&;8/Dn ^U !!
]D^D] '"S!TSGBT!MRHNS>>!
X2*E85!:&!9%98(5!;28!E8-%E!9(:+877!%998%(7!(%;28(!7;(%*-2;):(e%(/5!e8EE!/87*-&8/5!%&/!@*+;*$_
)(*8&/E=5!%!+#(7:(=!E::,!%;!;28!/%;%!*&/*+%;87!;2%;!7:$8;2*&-!*7!%e(=D!B++:(/*&-!;:!/%;%!)(:$!;28!
F%;*:&%E!N(*$8!R8+:(/7!Z#(8%#5!%((87;7!#&/8(!;28!.$$:(%E!'(%))*+,*&-!M(8@8&;*:&!B+;!O.'MBQ!:)!
3b^a!%@8(%-8/!)8e8(!;2%&!345666!98(!=8%(!)(:$!466]!;:!466a5!e*;2!%!`!98(+8&;!/(:9!)(:$!466^!;:!
466aD ^b !X2*E8!9(:78+#;*:&7!2%@8!<88&!*&+(8%7*&-!*&!%<7:E#;8!;8($75!;28=!2%@8!<88&!-(:e*&-!%;!%!
/*$*&*72*&-!(%;8!:)!3!98(+8&;!E877!8%+2!=8%(!)(:$!466]!;:!466aD!B//*;*:&%EE=5!;(%))*+,*&-!*7!
87;*$%;8/!;:!<8!*&+(8%7*&-!&:;!/8+(8%7*&-5!7:!;28!&#$<8(!:)!9(:78+#;*:&7!$%=!<8!/(:99*&-!%7!%!
98(+8&;%-8!:)!;28!;:;%E!9:9#E%;*:&!:)!;2:78!;(%))*+,8/D!C*&%EE=!+:&@*+;*:&75!%E(8%/=!+:&7*/8(%<E=!E877!
;2%&!;28!&#$<8(!:)!9(:78+#;*:&75!)8EE!%!/(%$%;*+!]3!98(+8&;!)(:$!466^!;:!466aD!!'2*7!;::,!;28!
%$:#&;!:)!+:&@*+;*:&7!%7!%!98(+8&;%-8!:)!9(:78+#;*:&7!)(:$!]3!98(+8&;!;:!46!98(+8&;D!X2*E8!&:;!
$#+2!+%&!<8!-E8%&8/!)(:$!:&8!/%;%!9:*&;5!*;!*7!+E8%(!;2%;!;28(8!%(8!78@8(%E!-%97!%&/!+2%EE8&-87!*&!
;28!E8-%E!9(:+877!;2%;!9:*&;!;:e%(/7!e2=!;28(8!%(8!7#+2!E:e!E8@8E7!:)!%((87;75!9(:78+#;*:&75!%&/!
+:&@*+;*:&7D!!!
'28(8!%(8!78@8(%E!+:&+8(&7!;2%;!;2878!&#$<8(7!(%*78D!Z%78/!:&!466`!87;*$%;87!)(:$!;28!
L89%(;$8&;!:)!X:$8&!%&/!N2*E/!L8@8E:9$8&;5!;28!&#$<8(!:)!*&/*@*/#%E7!;(%))*+,8/!798+*)*+%EE=!):(!
+:$$8(+*%E!78f#%E!8f9E:*;%;*:&!*&!.&/*%!*7!(:#-2E=!4DU!$*EE*:&5!7:!;28!E8@8E!:)!%((87;7!%&/!
9(:78+#;*:&7!*7!@8(=!E:e!+:$9%(8/!;:!;28!&#$<8(!:)!*&/*@*/#%E7!@*:E%;*&-!;28!E%eD a6 !'28!%E$:7;!
7;%-&%&;!E8@8E!:)!%((87;7!+:#9E8/!e*;2!;28!*&+(8%78!*&!9(:78+#;*:&!*&!%<7:E#;8!;8($7!$%=!9:*&;!;:!%&!
*$9(:@8$8&;!*&!;28!)*E*&-!:)!C.R7!%&/!+2%(-8_7288;7!%;!;28!*&@87;*-%;*:&!7;%-8!O9:;8&;*%EE=!<8+%#78!
:)!7#++877)#E!9:E*+8!;(%*&*&-!9(:-(%$7QD!":e8@8(5!;28!/*7%99:*&;*&-!/(:9!*&!+:&@*+;*:&7!$%=5!*&!
;#(&5!9:*&;!;:!;28!)%*E#(8!;:!-8;!+%787!9%7;!;28!78+:&/!E8@8E!:)!7+(#;*&=!*&!)(:&;!:)!;28!$%-*7;(%;87D!!
'28!)%+;!;2%;!%((87;!E8@8E7!%(8!9E%;8%#*&-!$%=!<8!*&/*+%;*@8!:)!%!)8e!9:77*<E8!&%((%;*@87D!.;!+:#E/!<8!
;2%;!;(%))*+,8(75!*&!;28!)%+8!:)!*&+(8%7*&-!-:@8(&$8&;!%&/!FGH!%;;8&;*:&!;:!;28!*77#8!2%@8!<8-#&!;:!
-:!#&/8(-(:#&/5!$%,*&-!*;!2%(/8(!;:!)*&/!%&/!%((87;!;28$D!BE;8(&%;*@8E=5!*;!$%=!<8!;2%;!9:E*+8!%(8!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
58
!!Ibid.!!
59

!UNODC.!(2009).!Global!Report!on!Trafficking!in!Persons!2009.!Retrieved!February!3,!2010,!from!
http://www.unodc.org/documents/human"trafficking/Global_Report_on_TIP.pdf.!

60

!Mukherji!KK,!Muherjee!S.!(2007).!Girls!and!women!in!prostitution!in!India.!!Department!of!Women!and!Child!Development,!
New!Delhi,!India.!

43

$%,*&-!%((87;7!<%78/!:&!%!-*@8&!A#:;%5!<8!*;!*&;8(&%E!:(!&:;D!D!.;!*7!%E7:!*$9:(;%&;!;:!&:;8!;2%;!$:7;!
%((87;7!#&/8(!;28!.'MB!*&!;28!8%(E=!46667!e8(8!:)!@*+;*$7!;28$78E@87!%&/!&:;!:))8&/8(7D!'28(8):(85!
*&!;28!8@8&;!;2%;!;2*7!;(8&/!2%7!98(7*7;8/5!;28!/(:9!*&!%((87;7!%&/!+:&@*+;*:&7!$%=!<8!%!9:7*;*@8!
7*-&%E!;2%;!9:E*+8!%(8!<8+:$*&-!$:(8!78&7*;*i8/!;:!;28!@*+;*$7K!&88/7D!C*&%EE=5!;2*7!+:#E/!<8!
(89(878&;%;*@8!:)!+8(;%*&!m:#;E*8(n!/*7;(*+;7!;2%;!):+#7!:&!;(%))*+,*&-!%&/!%(8!%((87;*&-!%;!2*-2!E8@8E7!
e2*E8!:;28(7!2%@8!E*;;E8!;:!&:!):+#7!$8%&*&-!;2%;!;28!&#$<8(7!e:#E/!7;%=!(%;28(!+:&7;%&;!:@8(!;*$8!
*)!;2:78!;2%;!%(8!8&-%-8/!%(8!%E(8%/=!8&-%-8/!)#EE=!*&!;28!%&;*_'.M!7;(#--E8D!!
.&!+:&+E#7*:&5!C*-#(8!4!7#$$%(*i87!;28!E8-%E!)(%$8e:(,K7!,8=!7;(8&-;27!%&/!+2%EE8&-87D!Z%78/!:&!
;28!+#((8&;!7;%;8!:)!;28!E8-%E!)(%$8e:(,5!;28!7+%E87!:)!g#7;*+8!%(8!;*998/!%-%*&7;!;28!@*+;*$7D!!
Figure!2:!Key!Strengths!and!Weaknesses!of!India's!Legal!Framework!

44

!
4

CURRENT!NGO,!DONOR,!AND!GOVERNMENT!EFFORTS!

G*@8&!.&/*%K7!)8/8(%E!7=7;8$5!9%(;*+#E%(!):+#7!2%7!<88&!-*@8&!;:!*;7!7;%;8!-:@8(&$8&;!*&*;*%;*@87!
7*&+8!;28!7;%;8!-:@8(&$8&;7!2%@8!;28!#E;*$%;8!(879:&7*<*E*;=!):(!*$9E8$8&;*&-!%&/!E%#&+2*&-!%&;*_
'.M!*&*;*%;*@87D!":e8@8(5!;28(8!2%@8!<88&!%!78E8+;!-(:#9!:)!(8+8&;!*&;8(@8&;*:&7!%;!;28!+8&;(%E!
-:@8(&$8&;!E8@8E!;2%;!2%@8!;28!%<*E*;=!;:!<:E7;8(!;28!)*-2;!%-%*&7;!'.MD!'2878!%(8!(8@*8e8/!<8E:eD!!
X*;2!(8798+;!;:!FGH!%&/!/:&:(!+:$$#&*;=!*&;8(@8&;*:&75!;2*7!78+;*:&!7=&;287*i87!;28!8)):(;7!:)!%!
E%&/7+%98!9(:)*E*&-!:)!(:#-2E=!^6!%&;*_;(%))*+,*&-!FGH7!%+(:77!;28!78E8+;8/!7;%;87P;8((*;:(*87!%&/!
;28!)*&/*&-7!)(:$!;28!FGH!7#(@8=!*&;8(@*8e!9(:+877D!'28!)*&/*&-7!)(:$!;28!*&;8(@*8e7!%(8!<%78/!:&!
3b!92:&8P8$%*E!*&;8(@*8e7!+:&/#+;8/!<8;e88&!3^!L8+8$<8(!466b!%&/!36!C8<(#%(=!4636D!B!
7#$$%(=!;%<E8!:)!;28!7;%;*7;*+7!)(:$!;28!FGH!*&;8(@*8e7!+%&!<8!):#&/!*&!B998&/*f!.0!.&;8(@*8e7D!
\D3

'RBCC.NV.FG!.F'SR[SF'.HF>0!H[SR[.SX!HC!'"S!m]!M>!d!Nn!

'28!;=987!:)!*&;8(@8&;*:&!O<:;2!):(!-:@8(&$8&;!%&/!):(!FGH7P/:&:(7Q!%(8!+E%77*)*8/!<%78/!:&!;28!
UN!Protocol!to!Prevent,!Suppress!and!Punish!Trafficking!in!Persons,!Especially!Women!and!Children!
O466]QD!'28!M(:;:+:E!*/8&;*)*87!;2(88!;=987!:)!*&;8(@8&;*:&70!9(8@8&;*:&5!9(:78+#;*:&5!%&/!
9(:;8+;*:&D!.&!%//*;*:&!;:!;28!m]!M75n!$%&=!-(:#97!*&+E#/8!%!):#(;2!+E%77*)*+%;*:&5!+%9%+*;=!<#*E/*&-D!
!

!
!

\D4

Prevention!(8E%;87!;:!%+;*@*;*87!-8%(8/!;:e%(/7!8+:&:$*+!8$9:e8($8&;!%&/!8/#+%;*:&!%&/!
%e%(8&877!<#*E/*&-5!e*;2!;28!-:%E!;2%;!e:#E/_<8!@*+;*$7!e*EE!&:;!<8!%7!@#E&8(%<E8!;:!
;(%))*+,8(7D!!
Prosecution!(8-%(/7!%+;*@*;*87!):+#78/!:&!;28!+(*$*&%E*i%;*:&!:)!;(%))*+,*&-5!*$9E8$8&;%;*:&!
:)!%&;*_;(%))*+,*&-!E8-*7E%;*:&5!%&/!;28!9(:78+#;*:&!:)!:))8&/8(7D!!
Protection!*7!@*+;*$_):+#78/!%&/!+:&+8(&8/!e*;2!9(:@*/*&-!%!@*%<E8!9:7;_;(%))*+,*&-!
;(%&7*;*:&!<%+,!;:!7:$8!78&78!:)!&:($%E+=D!FGH7!;2%;!(#&!728E;8(7!:(!9(:@*/8!9:7;_;(%#$%!
+:#&78E*&-!%EE!)%EE!*&;:!;28!+E%77*)*+%;*:&!:)!9(:;8+;*@8!%+;*@*;*87D!
Capacity!building!(8)8(7!;:!;2:78!%+;*@*;*87!;2%;!*$9(:@8!;28!)#&+;*:&%E*;=!%&/!%<7:(9;*@8!
+%9%+*;=!:)!:(-%&*i%;*:&5!*&7;*;#;*:&75!%&/P:(!-(:#97D!C:(!*&7;%&+85!%!78&7*;*i%;*:&_;(%*&*&-!
9(:-(%$!):(!9:E*+8!e:#E/!<8!+:&7*/8(8/!+%9%+*;=!<#*E/*&-D!>*$*E%(E=5!(878%(+2!*7!%E7:!
+:&7*/8(8/!+%9%+*;=!<#*E/*&-D!
GH[SRF1SF'!BF'._'.M!SCCHR'>!

\D4D3 NSF'RBT!GH[SRF1SF'!.F.'.B'.[S>!'H!NH1ZB'!'.M!
.&!(8+8&;!=8%(75!;28!+8&;(%E!-:@8(&$8&;!2%7!;%,8&!7*-&*)*+%&;!7;897!;:!%//(877!;28!*77#8!:)!
;(%))*+,*&-!*&!.&/*%D!'%<E8!4!E*7;7!&8e!9(:-(%$7!%&/!*&*;*%;*@87!;2%;!%998%(!;:!%//(877!7:$8!:)!;28!
8f*7;*&-!:#;%-87!*/8&;*)*8/!;2(:#-2:#;!;2*7!(878%(+2D!

4]

Table!2:!Recent!Central!Government!Initiatives!to!Combat!TIP!
Recent!Central!Government!Initiatives!to!Combat!TIP!
Integrated!
Anti"Human!
Trafficking!
Units!(IAHTUs)!

Anti"
Trafficking!
Nodal!Cell!
State!Program!
Integrated!
National!Plan!
of!Action!
Swadhar!
Program!

!
!

!
!
!

!
!

!
!

!
Ujjawala!
Program!
!

!
!
!

.&!466UP466b5!;28!-:@8(&$8&;!s%EE:+%;8/!t3U!$*EE*:&!;:!;28!1*&*7;(=!:)!":$8!B))%*(7!;:!
+(8%;8!4b`!%&;*_2#$%&!;(%))*+,*&-!#&*;7!%+(:77!;28!&%;*:&!;:!;(%*&!%&/!78&7*;*i8!E%e!
8&):(+8$8&;!:))*+*%E7Ds a3 !!
H(*-*&%EE=!%!?FHLN!9*E:;!9(:-(%$!E%#&+28/!*&!466`5!.B"'?7!%(8!;%7,8/!e*;2!O&:;!
8f2%#7;*@8Q0!
o sM(:@*/*&-!%!$#E;*l!/*7+*9E*&%(=!%99(:%+2!%&/!%!g:*&;!(879:&78!<=!%EE!7;%,8!2:E/8(75!
7#+2!%7!9:E*+85!9(:78+#;:(75!FGH75!+*@*E!7:+*8;=!%&/!$8/*%k!
o Z(*&-*&-!%<:#;!*&;8(_/89%(;$8&;%E!+:EE%<:(%;*:&!%$:&-!;28!9:E*+8!%&/!%EE!:;28(!
-:@8(&$8&;!%-8&+*87!%&/!/89%(;$8&;75!7#+2!%7!e:$8&!%&/!+2*E/5!E%<:(5!28%E;25!8;+Dk!
o S&7#(*&-!%!@*+;*$_+8&;(*+!%99(:%+2!e2*+2!8&7#(87!;28!J<87;!*&;8(87;!:)!;28!@*+;*$P!
7#(@*@:(K!%&/!9(8@8&;7!J78+:&/%(=!@*+;*$*i%;*:&P!(8_@*+;*$*i%;*:&K!:)!;28!@*+;*$k!
o S&7#(*&-!%&!J:(-%&*i8/!+(*$8K!98(798+;*@8!*&!/8%E*&-!e*;2!;(%))*+,*&-!+(*$87Ds a4!
1:(8!;2%&!365^66!*&/*@*/#%E7P9:E*+8!:))*+8(7!2%@8!<88&!;(%*&8/!;2#7!)%(D a] !!
X2*E8!*;7!N8&;(%E!-:@8(&$8&;!:98(%;*:&!(8$%*&7!#&/8(!(87:#(+8/!O;e:_98(7:&!
/89%(;$8&;Q5!;28!1*&*7;(=!:)!":$8!B))%*(7!O1"BQ!2%7!-%*&8/!&%;*:&%E!7#99:(;!):(!;28!
*&*;*%;*@8__!%EE!7;%;87!2%@8!%99:*&;8/!B&;*_;(%))*+,*&-!&:/%E!:))*+8(7D!
'2878!:))*+8(7!e*EE!+:EE%<:(%;8!e*;2!N8&;(%E!-:@8(&$8&;5!72%(8!<87;!9(%+;*+875!/*7+#77!
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N:$<%;*&-!'(%))*+,*&-D!!.;!*&+E#/87!.B"'?7!%7!9%(;!:)!*;7!)(%$8e:(,D!!
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):(!X:$8&!%&/!;28!1*&*7;(=!:)!X:$8&!%&/!N2*E/!L8@8E:9$8&;!%(8!*&@:E@8/!*&!;2*7!
9(:g8+;D!
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<#/-8;!:)!$:(8!;2%&!t3!$*EE*:&!;:!9(:@*/8!+%(8!):(!$:(8!;2%&!3]5666!e:$8&!%&/!-*(E7!
(87+#8/!)(:$!%!(%&-8!:)!/*))*+#E;!+*(+#$7;%&+875!*&+E#/*&-!78f!;(%))*+,*&-Ds a\!
B++:(/*&-!;:!;28!1*&7;8(!:)!X:$8&!%&/!N2*E/!L8@8E:9$8&;5!s;28(8!e*EE!<8!&%;*:&%E!
9(:;:+:E75!-#*/8E*&87!%&/!2%&/<::,!:)!728E;8(!78(@*+87!7::&D!F:&_+:&):($*&-!+8&;8(7!e*EE!
<8!98&%E*i8/!%&/!/8_<%((8/!;:!%+;!%7!(82%<*E*;%;*:&!+8&;8(7Dn a^!
T8/!<=!;28!1*&*7;(=!:)!X:$8&!%&/!N2*E/!L8@8E:9$8&;D!
H))8(7!-(%&;7!;:!7;%;8!-:@8(&$8&;!9(:g8+;7!*&!%&;*_;(%))*+,*&-D!
s'28!$*&*7;(=!%99(:@8/!)#&/*&-!):(!%;!E8%7;!^]!7;%;8!9(:g8+;7!#&/8(!;2*7!9(:-(%$5!
<8&8)*;*&-!$:(8!;2%&!35`66!@*+;*$7D!>*&+8!B#-#7;!466U5!;28!$*&*7;(=!9(:@*/8/!;28!7;%;87!
:)!V%(&%;%,%5!1%2%(%72;(%5!1%&*9#(5!%&/!F%-%E%&/!%E$:7;!t4\]5666!):(!3U!9(:g8+;7!%;!34!
(82%<*E*;%;*:&!+8&;8(7Dn aa!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
61

!US!Department!of!State.!(2009).!Trafficking!in!Persons!Report:!India.!Retrieved!February!4,!2010,!from!
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/publisher,USDOS,,IND,4a4214b4c,0.html.!

62

!UNODC.!(2007).!Synergy!in!Action:!IAHTUs!Report.!Retrieved!January!28,!2010!from!
http://www.unodc.org/pdf/india/iahtu_241207.pdf.!

63

!US!Department!of!State.!(2009).!Trafficking!in!Persons!Report:!India.!Retrieved!February!4,!2010,!from!
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/publisher,USDOS,,IND,4a4214b4c,0.html.!

64

!Ibid.!!

65

!The!Times!of!India.!!(2010).!Dignified!living!for!every!girl.!Retrieved!January!29,!2010,!from!
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Dignified"living"for"every"girl/articleshow/5493692.cms.!

66

!US!Department!of!State.!(2009).!Trafficking!in!Persons!Report:!India.!Retrieved!February!4,!2010,!from!
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/publisher,USDOS,,IND,4a4214b4c,0.html.!

4\

\D4D4 >'B'S!GH[SRF1SF'!.F.'.B'.[S>!'H!NH1ZB'!'.M!
\D4D4D3 MRS[SF'.HF!
1:7;!7;%;8!-:@8(&$8&;7!2%@8!):+#78/!:&!;28!9(8@8&;*:&!:)!'.M!%7!:99:78/!;:!9(:;8+;*:&5!
9(:78+#;*:&5!%&/!+%9%+*;=_<#*E/*&-!8)):(;7!O788!'%<E8!]QD!C:(!8f%$9E85!N22%;;*7-%(2!:(-%&*i8/!
N:$$*;;887!):(!M(8@8&;*:&!:)!B;(:+*;*87!%-%*&7;!X:$8&!%&/!'(%))*+,*&-!*&!3a!/*7;(*+;7!%7!e8EE!%7!
8&%+;8/!%!m>;%;8!M:E*+=!):(!X:$8&Dn!.&!%!$%(,!:)!*&&:@%;*:&5!;28!7;%;8!%E7:!2%7!%--(877*@8E=!
*$9E8$8&;8/!;28!+8&;(%E!-:@8(&$8&;K7!F%;*:&%E!R#(%E!S$9E:=$8&;!G#%(%&;88!OFRSG>Q5!e2*+2!
-#%(%&;887!366!/%=7!:)!8$9E:=$8&;!):(!*;7!(#(%E!+*;*i8&7!8%+2!=8%(D!.;!*7!(89:(;8/!;2%;!;2*7!2%7!
28E98/!/8+(8%78!;28!E8@8E!:)!@#E&8(%<*E*;=!;:!;(%))*+,8(7!)%+8/!<=!*;7!+*;*i8&7D!
Table!3:!State!Government!Prevention!Initiatives!
State!
Andhra!Pradesh!
Bihar!
Chhattisgarh!
Goa!
Jharkhand!
Orissa!(Odisha)!

State!Government!Prevention!Initiatives
! M%778/!E8-*7E%;*:&!):(!9(8@8&;*:&!:)!m;(%/*;*:&%En!):($7!:)!78f#%E!8f9E:*;%;*:&!
OL8@%/%7*7Q!%&/!;28!M(:2*<*;*:&!:)!L8/*+%;*:&!B+;!O3bUUQ!
! "#$%&!'(%))*+,*&-!M(8@8&;*:&!M(:-(%$!O466`Q
! N:$$*;;887!):(!M(8@8&;*:&!:)!B;(:+*;*87!%-%*&7;!X:$8&!%&/!'(%))*+,*&-!*&!3a!
/*7;(*+;7!O466UQ!
! S&%+;8/!;28!m>;%;8!M:E*+=!):(!X:$8&n!O4663Q!
! F%;*:&%E!R#(%E!S$9E:=$8&;!G#%(%&;88!OFRSG>Q!
!

G:%K7!N2*E/!B+;!O466]Q!

R8+8*@8/!-(%&;!)#&/7!)(:$!;28!1*&*7;(=!:)!X:$8&IN2*E/!L8@8E:9$8&;K7!
?gg%e%E%!M(:-(%$!O466bQ!
R8+8*@8/!-(%&;!)#&/7!)(:$!;28!1*&*7;(=!:)!X:$8&IN2*E/!L8@8E:9$8&;K7!
?gg%e%E%!M(:-(%$!O466bQ!
M(:@*/8/!%!7;%;8_E8@8E!%+;*:&!9E%&5!e2*+2!):($8/!%&!B/@*7:(=!N:$$*;;88!):(!
8%+2!/*7;(*+;O466bQ!
N(8%;8/!@*EE%-8lE8@8E!e%;+2/:-!+:$$*;;887!*&!&8%(E=!%EE@*EE%-87!O466bQ!
>;%;8!-:@8(&$8&;!):($8/!%!&8;e:(, :)!FGH7!%&/!7;%,82:E/8(7!;:!+#(<!'.M
"%7!E:+%E!8E8+;8/!E8%/8(7!+2%$9*:&!;28!%&;*_'.M!$:@8$8&;!)(:$!%!7;%;8_E8@8E!

!
!

Tamil!Nadu!
West!Bengal!

!
!
!

\D4D4D4 MRH'SN'.HF!
H&8!(8%7:&!:&E=!%!)8e!7;%;8!-:@8(&$8&;7!-8;!*&@:E@8/!*&!9(:;8+;*:&!*7!<8+%#78!;28!FGH!+:$$#&*;=!
:);8&!)*EE7!;2*7!(:E8D!C:(!8f%$9E85!;28!7;%;8!-:@8(&$8&;!:)!B&/2(%!M(%/872!2%7!7#99:(;8/!728E;8(7!
):(!@#E&8(%<E8!*&/*@*/#%E7!%&/!+:_$%&%-8/!;28!h#@8&*E8!I!H<78(@%;*:&!":$8!%7!e8EED!!B&/2(%!
M(%/872!%E7:!m87;%<E*728/!%!)#&/!798+*)*+%EE=!):(!@*+;*$!(82%<*E*;%;*:&5!-*@*&-!@*+;*$7!(87+#8/!)(:$!
78f#%E!8f9E:*;%;*:&!t466!*&!;8$9:(%(=!(8E*8)Dn a` !N22%;;*7-%(2!2%7!%!(82%<*E*;%;*:&!7#99:(;!9(:-(%$!
(#&!<=!;28!7;%;85!%&/!G:%K7!7;%;8!:))*+*%E7!(8+8*@8/!8f;8&7*@8!;(%*&*&-!)(:$!;28!?FHLN!:&!(87+#8!
:98(%;*:&!%&/!(82%<*E*;%;*:&!%+;*@*;*87D!'28!7;%;8!-:@8(&$8&;!:)!'%$*E!F%/#!9(:@*/87!)(88!E8-%E!%*/5!
+:#&78E*&-!78(@*+875!%&/!465666!(#9887!):(!)(88/!m7E%@87n!O*D8D!<:&/8/!E%<:(8(7QD aU !H)!;28!&*&8!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

67

!US!Department!of!State.!(2009).!Trafficking!in!Persons!Report:!India.!Retrieved!February!4,!2010,!from!
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/publisher,USDOS,,IND,4a4214b4c,0.html.!

68

!Ibid.!!

4^

7;%;87P;8((*;:(*87!e8!8f%$*&8/5!e8!/*/!&:;!)*&/!:;28(!7;%;8!-:@8(&$8&;7!;2%;!/*(8+;E=!9(:@*/8!
9(:;8+;*@8!78(@*+87k!2:e8@8(5!%7!$8&;*:&8/5!FGH7!:);8&!)*EE!;2*7!(:E8D!!
\D4D4D] MRH>SN?'.HF!
X*;2!(8-%(/7!;:!9(:78+#;*:&!*&*;*%;*@875!):#(!7;%;87P;8((*;:(*87!2%@8!(89:(;8/!7;%;8_798+*)*+!
9(:-(%$7D!Z*2%(!(8+8&;E=!28E/!%!+:&)8(8&+8!;:!):($#E%;8!E%e7!;:!+#(<!'.M!;2(:#-2!<:;2!7#99E=!%&/!
/8$%&/_7*/8!+2%&&8E7D!.;!*7!E*,8E=!;2%;!98&%E;*87!e*EE!<8!*&+(8%78/!*&!;28!+:$*&-!=8%(!):(!+(*$87!
%77:+*%;8/!e*;2!;(%))*+,*&-D!L8E2*!2%7!8&%+;8/!78@8(%E!%&;*_'.M!E%e7!e*;2!2%(72!98&%E;*87k!2:e8@8(5!
;2878!2%@8!<88&!(89:(;8/E=!*&8))8+;*@8!*&!;28!)%+8!:)!%!9%77*@85!%&/!7:$8;*$87!+:((#9;5!9:E*+8!):(+8D!
G:%!+(8%;8/!%&!B&;*_"#$%&!'(%))*+,*&-!?&*;!*&!466`k!2:e8@8(5!9::(!+::98(%;*:&!%&/!E:e!E8@8E7!:)!
%e%(8&877!%$:&-!E%e!8&):(+8$8&;!:))*+*%E7!2%@8!2*&/8(8/!*$9E8$8&;%;*:&D!C*&%EE=5!'%$*E!F%/#!2%7!
72:e&!%+;*@8!+:EE%<:(%;*:&!;2(:#-2!;28!+(*$*&%E!*&@87;*-%;*:&!/89%(;$8&;!%&/!*7!9#(7#*&-!(878%(+2!
*&;:!2:e!;28!7;%;8K7!9(:78+#;*:&!)(%$8e:(,!+%&!<8!*$9(:@8/D!!
\D4D4D\ NBMBN.'W!Z?.TL.FG!
B7!e*;2!9(:;8+;*:&5!@8(=!)8e!7;%;87!;%,8!:&!%!+%9%+*;=_<#*E/*&-!(:E8D!!1%&=!7;%;87!;28$78E@87!
(8A#*(8!8f;8(&%E!9%(;&8(7!;:!<#*E/!;28!-:@8(&$8&;K7!+%9%+*;=D!B&/2(%!M(%/872!9(:@*/87!'.M!;(%*&*&-!
;:!FGH7!;2%;!e:(,!:&!".[PB.L>D!L8E2*!9:E*+8!2%@8!2%/!%&!*&*;*%;*@85!M%(*@%(;%&5!e2*+2!788,7!;:!
*&+(8%78!-8&/8(!8A#%E*;=!%&/!*$9(:@8!9:E*+8!;(8%;$8&;!:)!e:$8&K7!*77#87D!C*&%EE=5!'%$*E!F%/#!2%7!
+(8%;8/!;28!B.L>!N:&;(:E!>:+*8;=5!e2*+2!9(:@*/87!;8+2&*+%E!%&/!)*&%&+*%E!7#99:(;!;:!FGH7!/8%E*&-!
e*;2!".[PB.L>D!'28!)%+;!;2%;!<:;2!B&/2(%!M(%/872!%&/!'%$*E!F%/#!(8+:-&*i8!;28!E*&,!<8;e88&!
".[PB.L>!%&/!;(%))*+,*&-!@*+;*$7!*7!9(:$*7*&-!7*&+8!@*+;*$7!;2%;!%(8!78f#%EE=!8f9E:*;8/!%(8!%;!%!
$#+2!-(8%;8(!(*7,!:)!+:&;(%+;*&-!;28!/*78%78D!
\D4D] FGH!MSRNSM'.HF!HC!GH[SRF1SF'!SCCHR'>!
B++:(/*&-!;:!(879:&787!)(:$!;28!FGH!*&;8(@*8e75!98(+89;*:&7!:)!;28!-:@8(&$8&;K7!8)):(;7!;:!+:$<%;!
;(%))*+,*&-!e8(8!$*f8/5!<#;!-8&8(%EE=!9:7*;*@8D!BE$:7;!2%E)!:)!;28!(879:&/8&;7!)8E;!;2%;!-:@8(&$8&;!
2%/!$%/8!$:/8(%;8!:(!7*-&*)*+%&;!8)):(;7!Oe*;2!7E*-2;!<*%7!*&!;28!(879:&787!;:e%(/7!$:/8(%;8QD!
":e8@8(5!*;!*7!#&+E8%(!e28;28(!;28*(!(879:&787!;:!;2*7!A#87;*:&!(8)E8+;!(8%E*;=!:(!%&!%;;8$9;!;:!
9(:;8+;!;28*(!(8E%;*:&72*97!e*;2!;28!-:@8(&$8&;7D!.&/*+%;*:&7!)(:$!;28!E8-%E!)(%$8e:(,!%&%E=7*7!
%&/!E*;8(%;#(8!(8@*8e!*&/*+%;8!;2%;!-:@8(&$8&;!+:#E/!<8!/:*&-!$#+2!$:(8!%;!%EE!E8@8E7D!!!
H@8(!2%E)!:)!;28!FGH7!*&;8(@*8e8/!*&/*+%;8/!;2%;!7;%;8!-:@8(&$8&;!%&;*_;(%))*+,*&-!9(:-(%$7!/:!
8f*7;5!<#;!;2*7!$%=!7*$9E=!(8)E8+;!;2%;!*&;8(@*8e7!e8(8!+:&/#+;8/!e*;2!-(:#97!*&!:&E=!&*&8!7;%;875!
+(8%;*&-!:@8(E%9D!'28!8f*7;*&-!-%97!*&!*$9E8$8&;%;*:&!:)!7;%;8!*&*;*%;*@87!9(*$%(*E=!7;8$!)(:$!
g#(*7/*+;*:&5!E%+,!:)!9:E*;*+%E!e*EE!%&/!+:$$*;$8&;5!%&/!)#&/*&-D!N::(/*&%;*:&!)%*E#(875!E:e!
7;%&/%(/7!*&!728E;8(!2:$875!9::(!E8-%E!)(%$8e:(,5!%&/!9::(!/%;%!+:EE8+;*:&P%@%*E%<*E*;=!:)!'.M!e8(8!
%E7:!(%*78/D!!
!
!

4a

\D]

FHF_GH[SRF1SF'BT!HRGBF.cB'.HF>PLHFHR!BF'._'.M!SCCHR'>!

'BC!8f98+;7!;:!e:(,!@8(=!+E:78E=!e*;2!E:+%E!&:&_-:@8(&$8&;%E!:(-%&*i%;*:&7!OFGH7Q!*&!7#99:(;*&-!
;28*(!:&-:*&-!9(:-(%$7!%&/!<#*E/*&-!+%9%+*;=5!%7!*7!;28!$:/8E!*&!:;28(!+:#&;(*87!e28(8!'BC!
:98(%;87D!Z%78/!#9:&!:#(!:e&!(878%(+25!(8+:$$8&/%;*:&7!)(:$!,8=!/:&:(75!7;%,82:E/8(75!%&/!
8f98(;!:9*&*:&5!%E$:7;!^6!FGH7!2%@8!<88&!9(:)*E8/!O788!Z%+,-(:#&/!L:+#$8&;Q!%&/!3b!*&_/89;2!
*&;8(@*8e7!2%@8!;%,8&!9E%+8!<=!92:&8!:(!8$%*E!%+(:77!%EE!&*&8!:)!;28!78E8+;8/!7;%;87D!H)!;28!FGH7!
*&;8(@*8e8/5!$:7;!2%/!:(-%&*i%;*:&7!:@8(!36!98:9E85!%&/!):#(!2%/!^6!:(!$:(8!*&/*@*/#%E7D!1:7;!2%/!
<#/-8;7!:@8(!?>Lt3665666!98(!%&&#$D!>;%;*7;*+%E!(87#E;7!)(:$!;28!*&;8(@*8e7!+%&!<8!):#&/!*&!
B998&/*f!.0!.&;8(@*8e7D!S)):(;7!e8(8!$%/8!;:!*/8&;*)=!/*))8(8&;!;=987!:)!FGH!*&!8%+2!:)!;28!&*&8!
7;%;87P;8((*;:(*87!):(!;28!9(:)*E*&-!%&/!*&;8(@*8e!9(:+877D!'28!7#$$%(=!<8E:e!7=&;287*i87!;28!
)*&/*&-7!)(:$!;2*7!/#%E_9(:+877D!
\D]D3 'WMS>!HC!FGH!
1%&=!:)!;28!:(-%&*i%;*:&7!;2%;!e:(,!:&!'.M!*77#87!%(8!&:;!798+*)*+%EE=!%&;*_'.M!:(-%&*i%;*:&7D!1%&=!
):+#7!$:(8!-8&8(%EE=!:&!e:$8&K7!(*-2;75!8+:&:$*+!8$9:e8($8&;5!(#(%E!/8@8E:9$8&;5!%&/P:(!
2#$%&!(*-2;75!e*;2!798+*)*+!9(:-(%$7!;2%;!(8E%;8!/*(8+;E=!:(!*&/*(8+;E=!;:!'.MD!B//*;*:&%EE=5!;28!
&#$<8(!:)!%&;*_'.M!FGH7!;2%;!%(8!m@*7*<E8n!O*D8D!2%@8!S&-E*72!e8<7*;87Q!@%(*87!-(8%;E=!)(:$!9E%+8!;:!
9E%+8D!B!;8((*;:(=!E*,8!L8E2*!2%7!/:i8&7!:)!FGH7!;2%;!%(8!@*7*<E8!:&E*&85!e28(8%7!N22%;;*7-%(2!2%7!
:&E=!%!)8eD!'2*7!+%&!<8!%;;(*<#;8/!;:!;28!+:&+8&;(%;*:&!:)!*&;8(&%;*:&%E!FGH7!*&!+8(;%*&!9%(;7!:)!;28!
+:#&;(=5!;28!E8@8E!:)!$:/8(&*i%;*:&P!#(<%&*i%;*:&!;2%;!2%7!;%,8&!9E%+8!*&!%!-*@8&!(8-*:&5!;28!
@*7*<*E*;=!:)!;28!;(%))*+,*&-!9(:<E8$5!%&/!;28!%$:#&;!:)!)#&/*&-!%@%*E%<E8!;:!7#99:(;!FGH7!*&!%!-*@8&!
(8-*:&D!!
FGH7!e8(8!+E%77*)*8/!<%78/!:&!;28!9(:$*&8&+8!O9(*$%(=5!78+:&/%(=5!;8(;*%(=Q!:)!;28!):#(!;=987!:)!
*&;8(@8&;*:&!:&!;28*(!e8<7*;87!%&/!*&!(89:(;75!%7!*&/*+%;8/!*&!'%<E8!\.!
Table!4:!Priority!for!Different!Types!of!Anti"TIP!Intervention!
!!

Primary!

Secondary

Tertiary

Total

Prevention!

44!

3a

36

48!

Protection!

3U!

33

33!

Prosecution!

6!

11!

Capacity!Building!

b!

3\

32!

Total!

49!

44!

31!

124!

!
'28!*&;8(@*8e75!;28!E8-%E!)(%$8e:(,!%&%E=7*75!%&/!'%<E8!\!7#--87;!;2%;0!
!

'28(8!*7!%!+E8%(!<*%7!;:e%(/!9(8@8&;*:&!%+;*@*;*87!%$:&-!;28!FGH7D!'2*7!<*%7!$%=!<8!E%(-8E=!
/#8!;:!;28!78E8+;*:&!:)!;28!7;%;87D!H#;!:)!;28!&*&85!78@8&!%(8!,&:e&!7:#(+8!E:+%;*:&7!e28(8!
FGH7!:);8&!:&E=!2%@8!%++877!;:!@*+;*$7!<8):(8!;28=!2%@8!<88&!;(%))*+,8/D!

4`

Z%78/!:&!)*&/*&-7!)(:$!;28!E8-%E!)(%$8e:(,!%&%E=7*75!;28!2*-2!&#$<8(!:)!9(:;8+;*:&!
9(:-(%$7!*7!+:&7*7;8&;!e*;2!;28!)%+;!;2%;!FGH7!9E%=!%!#&*A#8!%&/!+8&;(%E!(:E8!*&!
(82%<*E*;%;*:&!:)!@*+;*$7D!
M(:78+#;*:&!*7!&:;!%!9(*$%(=!):+#7!%$:&-!%EE!;28!FGH7!9(:)*E8/D!'28!E%+,!:)!9(:78+#;*:&!
*&;8(@8&;*:&7!+:#E/!%E7:!*&/*+%;8!;2%;!9(:78+#;*:&!*7!788&!%7!7#+2!%!&:&_9(*:(*;=!):(!;28!
%#;2:(*;*87!;2%;!%&=!e:(,!/:&8!:&!;28!9%(;!:)!;28!FGH7!;:!9#72!9(:78+#;*:&!*7!)#;*E8!*&!;28!
)%+8!:)!/*7$*77*@8!E%e!8&):(+8$8&;D!Z%78/!:&!+#((8&;!#&/8(7;%&/*&-!:)!;28!)%*E*&-!9:E*+8!
):(+85!*;!%998%(7!;2*7!*7!;28!+%78D!
L879*;8!;28!&#$<8(!:)!+%9%+*;=_<#*E/*&-!*&*;*%;*@87!*/8&;*)*8/5!;28=!e8(8!(%(8E=!$8&;*:&8/!
*&!;28!*&;8(@*8e7D!.;!*7!9:77*<E8!;2%;!;28!-(8%;8(!/*))*+#E;=!*&!A#%&;*)=*&-!(87#E;7!)(:$!;2878!
9(:-(%$75!%&/!98(2%97!;28*(!e8%,8(!8$:;*:&%E!9#EE!7*&+8!;28=!/:!&:;!/*(8+;E=!%77*7;!@*+;*$75!
$%,8!;28$!E877!8f+*;*&-!):(!FGH7!;:!/*7+#77D!

'28!):+#7!:)!FGH7!:&!9(8@8&;*:&!%&/!9(:;8+;*:&!%E7:!(8)E8+;!;28!(879:&/8&;7K!)88E*&-7!;2%;!;2878!
%99(:%+287!%(8!;28!$:7;!*$9%+;)#E!*&!)*-2;*&-!'.M!*&!.&/*%D!'28!;e:!8A#%EE=!$:7;!+*;8/!;=987!:)!
9(:-(%$7!;2%;!%(8!$:7;!8))8+;*@8!*&!+:$<%;*&-!;(%))*+,*&-!e8(8!9(8@8&;*:&!%&/!9(:;8+;*:&!
9(:-(%$7D!H&E=!:&8!(879:&/8&;!$8&;*:&8/!9(:78+#;*:&D!!
B;!;28!7;%;8!E8@8E5!;28!+:&;8&;*:&!;2%;!7:#(+8!7;%;87!%(8!):+#7*&-!:&!9(8@8&;*:&!*7!+:((:<:(%;8/!O788!
'%<E8!^QD!H(*77%5!Z*2%(5!X87;!Z8&-%E5!%&/!N22%;;*7-%(2!%EE!2%@8!/*79(:9:(;*:&%;8!):+#7!:&!
9(8@8&;*:&!*&;8(@8&;*:&7pe*;2!N22%;;*7-%(2K7!9(8@8&;*:&!%+;*@*;*87!%++:#&;*&-!):(!`^!98(+8&;!:)!*;7!
9(:-(%$$*&-D!'28!8f+89;*:&7!;:!;2*7!):+#7!<=!7:#(+8!7;%;87!%(8!B&/2(%!M(%/8725!h2%(,2%&/5!%&/!
'%$*E!F%/#5!e2*+2!2%998&!;:!<8!;(%&7*;!7;%;87!*&!%//*;*:&!;:!<8*&-!7:#(+8!7;%;87D!.&!;2878!7;%;875!
;28(8!*7!%E7:!%!):+#7!:&!9(:;8+;*@8!*&;8(@8&;*:&75!e2*+2!*7!)%*(!-*@8&!;28!&88/!;:!(87+#8!%&/!728E;8(!
@*+;*$7!<8*&-!;(%))*+,8/!;2(:#-2!;28!7;%;8D!X87;!Z8&-%E!%E7:!2%7!#&*A#8!&88/7!-*@8&!*;7!<:(/8(!e*;2!
Z%&-E%/872D!B'>SN!OX87;!Z8&-%E!N2%9;8(Q!*7!;28!:&E=!FGH!*/8&;*)*8/!;:!<8!/8%E*&-!/*(8+;E=!e*;2!
9(:<E8$7!:)!;(%))*+,*&-!%+(:77!;28!.&/:_Z%&-E%/872*!<:(/8(7D!!
Table!5:!Different!Types!of!Anti"TIP!Intervention!by!State!
!

Andhra!
Pradesh!

Bihar!

Chhattisgarh!

Delhi!

Goa!

Jhark"
hand!

Orissa!
(Odisha)!

Tamil!
Nadu!

West!
Bengal!

Total!

Prevention!

]!

36!

]!

`!

a!

\!

33!

]!

]!

50!

Protection!

\!

\!

6!

36!

^!

\!

3!

^!

3!

34!

Prosecution!

3!

6!

6!

]!

\!

6!

6!

4!

6!

10!

Capacity!
Building!

4!

\!

3!

b!

\!

\!

]!

3!

4!

30!

10!

18!

4!

29!

19!

12!

15!

11!

6!

124!

Total!!

.&!+:&;(%7;5!/87;*&%;*:&!7;%;87P;8((*;:(*87!E*,8!L8E2*!%&/!G:%!):+#7!$#+2!$:(8!:&!+%9%+*;=!<#*E/*&-5!
9(:78+#;*:&5!%&/!9(:;8+;*:&D!B-%*&5!;2*7!*7!E:-*+%E!7*&+8!%&!%;;8$9;!):(!FGH7!*&!/87;*&%;*:&!(8-*:&7!
;:!;(=!;:!9(8@8&;!@*+;*$7!)(:$!<8*&-!;(%))*+,8/!)(:$!:;28(!7;%;87!e:#E/!9(:@8!@8(=!/*))*+#E;D!
H(-%&*i%;*:&7!E*,8!?FHLN!*&7;8%/!e:(,!:&!<#*E/*&-!;28!+%9%+*;=!:)!:(-%&*i%;*:&7!%EE!:@8(!;28!

4U

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<%78/!%99(:%+287!;:!;(%))*+,*&-!*77#87D!
\D]D4 'WMS>!HC!.F'SR[SF'.HF!
Be%(8&877!9(:-(%$7!$%,8!#9!;28!$%g:(*;=!:)!*&;8(@8&;*:&7!O788!'%<E8!aQD!'2878!9(:-(%$7!:);8&!
):+#7!:&!:(-%&*i*&-!(%EE*87!*&!E:+%E!+:$$#&*;*87!:(!$:(8!+(8%;*@8!%;;8$9;7!;:!(8%+2!98:9E8D!H&8!
:(-%&*i%;*:&5!;28!.&/*%&!N:$$#&*;=!X8E)%(8!H(-%&*i%;*:&!O.NXHQ!*&!'%$*E!F%/#5!8&-%-87!e*;2!
7;(88;!+2*E/(8&!%&/!+(8%;87!8E%<:(%;8!7;(88;!;28%;(8!9(:/#+;*:&7!;:!(%*78!%e%(8&877!%<:#;!;28!
$%&*9#E%;*@8!&%;#(8!:)!;(%))*+,8(75!e%(&*&-!+:$$#&*;=!$8$<8(7!;:!7;%=!@*-*E%&;!%&/!&:;!)%EE!@*+;*$!
;:!9(:$*787!:)!g:<7!*&!;28!+*;*87!:(!e8%E;2=!2#7<%&/7!):(!;28*(!/%#-2;8(7!O788!Z87;!M(%+;*+87!):(!
$:(8!/8;%*E7QD!!H)!+:#(785!:&8!$#7;!+:&7*/8(!e28;28(!;28!<*%7!;:e%(/7!%e%(8&877!9(:-(%$7!*7!/#8!
;:!;28*(!8))*+%+=!:(!/#8!;:!;28*(!8%78!:)!*$9E8$8&;%;*:&D!

4b

!
Table!6:!Types!of!Intervention!(Across!All!Sample!States/Territories)!
Type!of!Intervention!

#!of!Interventions!Identified!to!Date!

Be%(8&877!M(:-(%$7!OM(8@8&;*:&Q!

43!

'(%*&*&-!M(:-(%$7!ON%9%+*;=_Z#*E/*&-Q!

3\!

S/#+%;*:&!OM(8@8&;*:&Q!

3]!

S+:&:$*+!S$9:e8($8&;!OM(8@8&;*:&Q!

34!

>28E;8(!OM(:;8+;*:&Q!

36!

T8-%E!B/@:+%+=PB*/!OM(:78+#;*:&Q!

b!

R82%<*E*;%;*:&!OM(:;8+;*:&Q!

`!

R87+#8!H98(%;*:&7!OM(:;8+;*:&Q!

`!

R878%(+2!ON%9%+*;=_Z#*E/*&-Q!

^!

N:#&78E*&-!OM(:;8+;*:&Q!

4!

L*7%7;8(!R879:&78!M(:-(%$7!OM(8@8&;*:&Q!

3!

Z:(/8(!!mR*-2;7!Be%(8&877n!H98(%;*:&7!

3!

'(%*&*&-!9(:-(%$7!%E7:!)8%;#(8!9(8/:$*&%&;E=D!'28!(8+8&;!/(*@8!<=!;28!+8&;(%E!%&/!7;%;8!
-:@8(&$8&;7!;:!;(%*&!9:E*+8!:))*+8(7!2%7!E*,8E=!8&+:#(%-8/!FGH7!&%;*:&%EE=!;:!;%,8!9%(;!*&!;2878!
8)):(;7D!!
B&:;28(!9(:$*&8&;!*&;8(@8&;*:&!*7!8+:&:$*+!8$9:e8($8&;!*&*;*%;*@87D!'2878!(%&-8!)(:$!
8&;(89(8&8#(72*9!e:(,72:975!7#+2!%7!;2:78!9(:@*/8/!):(!<=!;28!N22%;;*7-%(2!N8&;(8!):(!S+:&:$*+!
L8@8E:9$8&;5!;:!)#EE_7+%E8!<#7*&877875!7#+2!%7!;28!X87;!Z8&-%E!1*E,!C8/8(%;*:&!N::98(%;*@8!>:+*8;=D!
S+:&:$*+!8$9:e8($8&;!*7!%&!%;;(%+;*@8!9(8@8&;%;*@8!$8%7#(8!<8+%#78!*;!/8%E7!e*;2!$%&=!:;28(!
7:+*%E!*EE7!<8=:&/!g#7;!'.MD!C(:$!*&*;*%E!/*7+#77*:&7!e*;2!.&/(%&*!>*&2%5!/*(8+;:(!:)!>%&E%%9!%&/!
e*&&8(!:)!78@8(%E!%e%(/7!*&!;28!%(8%!:)!%&;*_'.M!e:(,5!;28!*$9%+;7!:)!-E:<%E*i%;*:&!2%@8!<88&!
/8@%7;%;*&-!):(!@*EE%-8!+:$$#&*;*87D!'2(:#-2!;28!+:&;*&#8/!+:$$8(+*%E*i%;*:&!:)!%-(*+#E;#(8!%&/!
*&+(8%78/!$*-(%;*:&!;:!#(<%&!%(8%75!@*EE%-87!2%@8!<88&!E8);!e*;2!)8e!8+:&:$*+!:99:(;#&*;*87D!H&8!
:#;+:$8!:)!;2*7!928&:$8&:&!*7!*&+(8%78/!E8@8E7!:)!$%E&#;(*;*:&!*&!(#(%E!%(8%7k!%&:;28(!*7!
28*-2;8&8/!@#E&8(%<*E*;=!;:!;(%))*+,8(7D!!
T8-%E!%/@:+%+=!%&/!E8-%E_<%78/!*&;8(@8&;*:&7!%E7:!(8+8*@8/!2*-2!(%&,*&-7D!X2*E8!&:;!%!9(*$%(=!
):+#7!:)!FGH75!;28=!%(8!7;*EE!e*;2*&!;28!;:9!;2(88!;=987!:)!*&;8(@8&;*:&!9(:-(%$7D!1%&=!:)!;2878!
9(:-(%$7!%(8!-8%(8/!;:e%(/7!28E9*&-!@*+;*$7!%&/!7:+*%E!%+;*@*7;7!#&/8(7;%&/!%&/!#78!;28!E8-%E!
7=7;8$!*&!;28*(!)%@:(D!B-%*&5!;28!8))*+%+=!:)!;2878!$8%7#(87!*7!7;*EE!#9!):(!/8<%;8D!!
B!)*&%E!*&;8(87;*&-!)*&/*&-!*7!;28!+:&;8f;#%E*i%;*:&!:)!+8(;%*&!FGH7!;:!;28*(!E:+%;*:&7D!'28(8!%(8!
FGH75!E*,8!B'>SN!*&!X87;!Z8&-%E!/8%E*&-!e*;2!<:(/8(!*77#87!%&/!BE;8(&%;*@8!):(!R#(%E!1:@8$8&;!
OBR1Q!)(:$!H(*77%!e2*+2!):+#787!:&!@*EE%-8!78E)_7#7;%*&%<*E*;=5!;2%;!;%,8!:&!798+*)*+!*77#87!/#8!;:!
;28*(!-8:-(%92*+!E:+%;*:&5!%&/!:;28(7!;2%;!%;;8&/!;:!*77#87!(8E%;8/!;:!9(:<E8$7!E*,8!&%;#(%E!/*7%7;8(7!
%&/!;28*(!*$9%+;!:&!'.MD!H&8!7#+2!8f%$9E8!:)!;28!E%;;8(!*7!;28!H(*77%!B&;*_'(%))*+,*&-!F8;e:(,!
!

]6

Oh%g&%78&*Q!;2%;!2%7!%!798+*)*+!/*7;(877!$*-(%;*:&!9(:-(%$!;:!+:#&;8(!;28!%$9E*)*8/!@#E&8(%<*E*;=!
9(878&;!%);8(!$%g:(!)E::/*&-!:(!$:&7::&7D!
\D]D] N"BTTSFGS>!FGH>!CBNS!
1:7;!:(-%&*i%;*:&7!$8&;*:&8/!)#&/*&-!%7!;28!$%g:(!+2%EE8&-8!;28=!)%+8!*&!*$9E8$8&;*&-!9(:-(%$7D!
X2*E8!&:;!:#;!:)!;28!A#87;*:&5!;2*7!:#;+:$8!$%=!2%@8!%E7:!(87#E;8/!)(:$!%&!%77#$9;*:&!;2%;!;28!
*&;8(@*8e!+:#E/!(87#E;!*&!%//*;*:&%E!)#&/*&-!:99:(;#&*;*87D!C:EE:e*&-!)#&/*&-5!$%g:(!+2%EE8&-87!
e8(8!*77#87!e*;2!*$9E8$8&;%;*:&!:)!;28!E%e5!E%+,!:)!+::98(%;*:&P+::(/*&%;*:&!<8;e88&!FGH7!I!
e*;2!-:@8(&$8&;5!%&/!E%+,!:)!2#$%&!(87:#(+87D!!
\D]D\ FGH!NHTTBZHRB'.HF>!H'"SR!FGH>5!.F'SRFB'.HFBT!FGH>5!BFL!X.'"!
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'28(8!e8(8!):#(!/*7;*&+;!e%=7!*&!e2*+2!;28!FGH7!+:EE%<:(%;8/!e*;2!:&8!%&:;28(D!!!
!
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+::(/*&%;*:&!+:$$*;;88!e*;2!*;7!:e&!<=_E%e7!%&/!+E8%(!(:E87!%&/!(879:&7*<*E*;*87D!
>8@8(%E!*&/*+%;8/!;2%;!;28=!e:(,!e*;2!:;28(!FGH7!:&!%!&88/P+%78_<%78/!7=7;8$D!!
H&8!FGH!*&/*+%;8/!;2%;!*;!8$9E:=8/!%&!8f;8&7*@8!m9(8_+:EE%<:(%;*:&n!9(:+877!;:!8&7#(8!;2%;!
9%(;&8(!:(-%&*i%;*:&7!)*;!e*;2!*;7!:e&!:(-%&*i%;*:&!-:%E75!:<g8+;*@875!%&/!(879:&7*<*E*;=D!
C*&%EE=5!%&!FGH!*&/*+%;8/!;2%;!*;!+:EE%<:(%;87!<=!7*$9E=!(8)8((*&-!+%787!:&!;:!:;28(!FGH7!
e28&!%!@*+;*$K7!&88/7!%(8!<8=:&/!;28!9#(@*8e!:)!*;7!e:(,D!

Z%78/!:&!;28!*&;8(@*8e!9(:+8775!$:7;!:(-%&*i%;*:&7!ObP3U!(879:&/8&;7Q!*&;8(@*8e8/!+:EE%<:(%;8/!
e*;2!8%+2!:;28(!*&!*&):($%E!7$%EE!-(:#97!O6_^!FGH7QD!!'2*7!7#99:(;7!;28!+:&;8&;*:&!)(:$!78@8(%E!
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e8(8!%<E8!;:!+:EE%<:(%;8!e*;2!36!:(!$:(8!FGH7!OaP3U!(879:&/8&;7QD!S&;(=!*&;:!%&!FGH!&8;e:(,!
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-:@8(&$8&;D!'2*7!*&/*+%;87!;2%;!+:EE%<:(%;*:&!e*;2!-:@8(&$8&;!*&!;28!%&;*_;(%))*+,*&-!7;(#--E8!*7!
788&!%7!+8&;(%E!;:!2%@*&-!$8%&*&-)#E!*$9%+;D!Z2%(%;*=%!V*7%&!>%&-2!OZV>Q!2%7!7#+2!%!(:<#7;!

]3

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S/#+%;*:&!:(!"8%E;2QD!'28(8!e%7!%!e*/8!(%&-8!:)!-:@8(&$8&;!%-8&+*87!;2%;!FGH7!e:(,8/!e*;25!
*&/*+%;*&-!%!/8-(88!:)!)(%-$8&;%;*:&!*&!;28!e:(,!:)5!&:;!:&E=!FGH75!<#;!%E7:!-:@8(&$8&;!%-8&+*87D!!
'28(8!*7!%!2*-2!E8@8E!:)!+:EE%<:(%;*:&!e*;2!E%e!8&):(+8$8&;!O3^!:)!]^!2%/!+:EE%<:(%;*:&7!e*;2!;28!
9:E*+8Q5!%;!E8%7;!%$:&-!;2:78!FGH7!;2%;!9#<E*72!*&):($%;*:&!%<:#;!;28*(!9%(;&8(72*97D!1%&=!:)!;2878!
FGH7!8&-%-8!*&!9:E*+8!;(%*&*&-!:(!*&!(87+#8!:98(%;*:&7D!C:(!*&7;%&+85!;28!h2%(,2%&/!B&;*_'(%))*+,*&-!
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+%9%+*;=!;:!+:&/#+;!*$9%+;!8@%E#%;*:&7!:&!%EE!9(:-(%$7k!;28!9(*:(*;*i%;*:&!:)!:;28(!%+;*@*;*87!<8=:&/!
$:&*;:(*&-!%&/!8@%E#%;*:&!e*;2*&!FGH7k!%&/!E%+,!:)!:<@*:#7!9:7*;*@8!(87#E;7!)(:$!;28!9(:-(%$7!
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!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
69

!UNODC.!(2008).!Compendium!of!Best!Practices!on!Anti!Human!Trafficking!by!Non!Governmental!Organizations.!UNODC:!New!
Delhi.!

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!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
70

!Nair,!P.M.!(2007).!Handbook!for!Law!Enforcement!Agencies!in!India.!Retrieved!February!3,!2010,!from!
http://www.apneaap.org/policy"work/our"resources/best"practices/handbook"law"enforcement"agencies"india"drpm"m"nair.!

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!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
71

!Sen,!S.!(2004).!A!Report!on!Trafficking!in!Women!and!Children!in!India!2002"2003.!New!Delhi:!National!Human!Rights!
Commission,!UNIFEM,!Institute!of!Social!Sciences.!

72

!ECPAT!International.!(2006).!Global!Monitoring!Report!on!the!status!of!action!against!commercial!sexual!exploitation!of!
children:!India.!ECPAT!International:!Bangkok.!

73!

Retrieved!February!3,!2010,!from!http://www.ijm.org/.!

]a

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!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
74!

Nair,!P.M.!(2007).!Handbook!for!Law!Enforcement!Agencies!in!India.!Retrieved!February!3,!2010,!from!
http://www.apneaap.org/policy"work/our"resources/best"practices/handbook"law"enforcement"agencies"india"drpm"m"nair.!

75

!Retrieved!February!3,!2010,!from!http://www.shaktivahini.org.!

76!

Sen,!S.!(2004).!A!Report!on!Trafficking!in!Women!and!Children!in!India!2002"2003.!New!Delhi:!National!Human!Rights!
Commission,!UNIFEM,!Institute!of!Social!Sciences.!

]`

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!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
77!

ECPAT!International.!(2006).!Global!Monitoring!Report!on!the!status!of!action!against!commercial!sexual!exploitation!of!
children:!India.!ECPAT!International:!Bangkok.!

78

!Ibid.!

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7+28/#E8/!;(*<87D!.&!%//*;*:&!;:!<8*&-!2*7;:(*+%EE=!/*78&)(%&+2*78/5!;2878!-(:#97!%(8!,&:e&!):(!
78@8(%E!+#E;#(%E!9(%+;*+87!;2%;!%(8!%/@8(78!;:!e:$8&D!!
! T8778(5!<#;!7;*EE!*$9:(;%&;5!(::;!+%#787!):(!;(%))*+,*&-!*&!.&/*%!%(8!+:&)E*+;7!P&%;#(%E!/*7%7;8(7!
%&/!-:@8(&%&+8D!H(*77%K7!+=+E:&87!%&/!(8<8E!-(:#97!*&!h2%(,2%&/!%&/!N22%;;*7-%(2!2%@8!%EE!
+:&;(*<#;8/!;:!%&!*&+(8%78!;(%))*+,*&-D!L879*;8!;28!8f*7;8&+8!:)!E8-*7E%;*:&5!9::(!*$9E8$8&;%;*:&!
%&/!*&):($%;*:&!%7=$$8;(*87!8&7#(8!;2%;!$%(-*&%E*i8/!78-$8&;7!@#E&8(%<E8!;:!;(%))*+,*&-!%(8!
&:;!%e%(8!:)5!:(!%<E8!;:!%++8775!9(:;8+;*:&!;2(:#-2!;28!E%eD!1*-(%;*:&!9:E*+*87!;2%;!%(8!8798+*%EE=!
2%(72!:&!#&7,*EE8/!e:(,8(75!):(+*&-!;28$!;:!(87:(;!;:!%E;8(&%;*@8!E*@8E*2::/!:9;*:&7!;2(:#-2!
*EE8-%E!$8%&7D!
! H&!;28!/8$%&/!7*/85!-E:<%E*i%;*:&!%&/!8+:&:$*+!<::$7!2%@8!*&+(8%78/!;28!/8$%&/!):(!78f!
e:(,8(7!%&/!+28%9!E%<:(5!E8%/*&-!;:!%!(87#E;%&;!*&+(8%78!*&!;28!7#99E=!:)!;(%))*+,8/!@*+;*$75!
8798+*%EE=!*&!L8E2*!%&/!G:%D!Z:;2!E:e!E8@8E7!%&/!2*-2!E8@8E7!:)!8+:&:$*+!/8@8E:9$8&;!+%&!
8&+:#(%-8!;(%))*+,*&-5!*$9E=*&-!;2%;!7;%;87!+%&!;(%&7*;*:&!)(:$!<8*&-!7:#(+87!;:!/87;*&%;*:&7!%7!
;28=!/8@8E:9!8+:&:$*+%EE=D!'28(8!%(8!@8(=!)8e!8)):(;7!;:!%//(877!;28!/8$%&/!7*/8!:)!;(%))*+,*&-D!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!

79

!Asian!Development!Bank!(ADB).!(2003).!Trafficking!of!Women!and!Children!in!South!Asia:!A!regional!synthesis!paper!for!
Bangladesh,!India!and!Nepal.!

80

!IOM.!(2002).!In!search!of!dreams:!study!on!the!situation!of!the!trafficked!women!and!children!from!Bangladesh!and!Nepal!to!
India.!Dhaka.!

]b

'(%))*+,*&-!2%7!7:+*%E5!8+:&:$*+!%&/!28%E;2!*$9%+;7D!'(%))*+,*&-!(8_8&):(+87!/*7+(*$*&%;:(=!
<82%@*:(!%&/5!*&!;8($7!:)!;28!E:7;!9:;8&;*%E!(8;#(&7!;:!2#$%&!+%9*;%E5!8+:&:$*+!E:7787!)(:$!
2#$%&!;(%))*+,*&-!;:!+:$$#&*;*87!%(8!8&:($:#7D!C*&%EE=5!@*+;*$75!8798+*%EE=!;2:78!8&-%-8/!*&!
78f!e:(,5!%(8!2*-2E=!@#E&8(%<E8!;:!".[PB.L>5!$%E%(*%5!;#<8(+#E:7*75!%&/!:;28(!/*78%787D!!

^D4
!

.FL.BK>!BF'._'.M!TSGBT!CRB1SXHRV!!
BE;2:#-2!7#))*+*8&;!E8-%E!<%7*7!8f*7;7!;:!9(:78+#;8!;(%))*+,8(75!9(:;8+;!%&/!+:$98&7%;8!@*+;*$75!
.&/*%K7!E8-%E!)(%$8e:(,!(8E%;8/!;:!;(%))*+,*&-!:)!98(7:&7!*7!78@8(8E=!)E%e8/D!'28!.$$:(%E!
'(%))*+,*&-!M(8@8&;*:&!B+;!O.'MBQ!*7!+:&7*/8(8/!;28!$:7;!8))8+;*@8!'.M!E%e!*&!.&/*%k!*;7!>8+;*:&!U!
*7!#78/!9(*$%(*E=!;:!2%(%77!@*+;*$7!:)!;(%))*+,*&-D!'(%))*+,*&-!*7!%!E:e!9(*:(*;=!*&!E%e!8&):(+8$8&;!
%&/!*$9(:98(!#78!:)!7;%;#;87!E8%/7!;:!;28!)#(;28(!@*+;*$*i%;*:&!:)!;(%))*+,*&-!7#(@*@:(7D!
1:(8:@8(5!;28(8!*7!E:e!,&:eE8/-8!%&/!%e%(8&877!:)!7;%;#;87D!R82%<*E*;%;*:&!78(@*+87!(#&!<=!;28!
-:@8(&$8&;!%(8!#&/8(_(87:#(+8/!%&/!728E;8(7!%(8!7:$8;*$87!$*7;%,8&!):(!g%*E7!<=!;28!@*+;*$7D!
.&!;28!g#/*+*%(=5!:@8(<#(/8&8/!g#/-87!%&/!9(:78+#;:(7!%(8!*&78&7*;*@8!;:!@*+;*$7K!&88/7!%&/!
7:$8;*$87!8&-%-8!*&!+:((#9;!<82%@*:(D!C*&%EE=5!$:7;!7;%;87!2%@8!&:;!%/:9;8/!(:<#7;!
+:$98&7%;*:&!9(:-(%$7!):(!@*+;*$7D!!

^D]
!

GH[SRF1SF'!BF'._'.M!SCCHR'>!
'28!+8&;(%E!-:@8(&$8&;!2%7!(8+8&;E=!E%#&+28/!78@8(%E!9(:-(%$7!;2%;5!:&!9%98(5!2%@8!
*$9(877*@8!9(:798+;7D!'2878!2%@8!;28!9:;8&;*%E!;:!8))8+;*@8E=!+::(/*&%;8!8)):(;7!:)!E%e!
8&):(+8$8&;5!;28!FGH!+:$$#&*;=5!%&/!;28!g#/*+*%(=!*&!9(:;8+;*&-!@*+;*$7!%&/!9#&*72*&-!
;(%))*+,8(7D!1%&=!:)!;28!+8&;(%E!-:@8(&$8&;K7!9(:-(%$7!%(8!7;*EE!*&!;28!/87*-&!92%78!:(!2%@8!:&E=!
(8+8&;E=!<88&!E%#&+28/k!;2#75!;28(8!%(8!&:;!=8;!(87#E;7!*EE#7;(%;*&-!;28*(!7#++87787!:(!)%*E*&-7D!
>;%;8!-:@8(&$8&;!*&;8(@8&;*:&75!e2*+2!):+#7!E%(-8E=!:&!9(8@8&;*:&5!%(8!2*&/8(8/!<=!9::(!
+::(/*&%;*:&5!E:e!%e%(8&8775!E%+,!:)!%&!*&;8-(%;8/!9E%&!;2%;!*&@:E@87!%EE!,8=!7;%,82:E/8(75!%&/!
2*-2!E8@8E7!:)!+:((#9;*:&P:(-%&*i8/!+(*$8D!

^D\
!

FGHPLHFHR!BF'._'.M!SCCHR'>!
'28(8!*7!%!<*%7!%$:&-!FGH7!*&!:#(!7%$9E8!9:9#E%;*:&!;:e%(/!*&;8(@8&;*:&7!*&!9(8@8&;*:&5!
9%(;*+#E%(E=!%e%(8&877_<#*E/*&-!%&/!8/#+%;*:&!%+;*@*;*87D!N%#7%E!E*&,7!+%&!E*,8E=!<8!$%/8!;:!:#(!
78E8+;*:&!:)!9(8/:$*&%&;E=!7:#(+8!7;%;87!@8(7#7!/87;*&%;*:&!(8-*:&7D!M(8@8&;*:&!9(:-(%$7!%(8!
8%7*8(!%&/!E877!+:7;E=!;:!*$9E8$8&;!;2%&!9(:-(%$7!*&!9(:78+#;*:&!%&/!9(:;8+;*:&D!
FGH7!;=9*+%EE=!/:!&:;!):+#7!9(*$%(*E=!:&!9(:78+#;*:&k!2:e8@8(5!;28(8!%(8!%!&#$<8(!:)!E8-%E!
%/@:+%+=5!E8-%E!%*/5!%&/!E8-%E!;(%*&*&-!9(:-(%$7!)%EE*&-!#&/8(!78+:&/%(=!%&/!;8(;*%(=!
*&;8(@8&;*:&7D!'2*7!:<78(@%;*:&!*7!*&)E#8&+8/!<=!E%e!8&):(+8$8&;K7!9::(!(8+:(/!:)!9#(7#*&-!
;(%))*+,*&-_(8E%;8/!+(*$875!%7!e8EE!%7!%!<*%7!*&28(8&;!*&!:#(!7%$9E8!9:9#E%;*:&!:)!
7;%;87P;8((*;:(*87D!!
'28(8!*7!7:$8!/8-(88!:)!+:&;8f;#%E*i%;*:&!;2%;!;%,87!9E%+8!*&!'.M!FGH!%+;*@*;=!e*;2!(8798+;!;:!
E:+%E!+:&/*;*:&7D!Z%78/!:&!-8:-(%92=!:(!7#7+89;*<*E*;=!;:!&%;#(%E!/*7%7;8(75!FGH7!;8&/!;:!+%;8(!;:!
;28*(!;%(-8;!9:9#E%;*:&7!<8=:&/!g#7;!+:9=*&-!%&/!9%7;*&-!;(%))*+,*&-!*&*;*%;*@87!)(:$!-E:<%E!<87;!
9(%+;*+87D!

\6

!
!
!

1%&=!:)!;28!FGH7!*&;8(@*8e8/!e:(,8/!e*;2!7$%EE!-(:#975!<#;!%77:+*%;8/!;28*(!8))*+%+=!e*;2!
2*-2!E8@8E7!:)!+:EE%<:(%;*:&!e*;2!%!&#$<8(!:)!9%(;&8(7D!!!
1:7;!FGH7!2%@8!+E:78!E*&,7!e*;2!-:@8(&$8&;!%&/!E%e!8&):(+8$8&;D!C:(!;2:78!FGH7!8&-%-8/!*&!
(87+#8!:98(%;*:&75!%EE!e:(,!+E:78E=!e*;2!9:E*+8D!!
FGH7!+*;8/!)#&/*&-!%7!;28!E%(-87;!2#(/E8!;:!;28*(!%<*E*;=!;:!8))8+;*@8E=!*$9E8$8&;!9(:-(%$7D!BE7:!
$8&;*:&8/!e8(8!*77#87!e*;2!*$9E8$8&;%;*:&!:)!;28!E%e5!E%+,!:)!+::98(%;*:&!%&/!+::(/*&%;*:&!
%$:&-!FGH7!%&/!e*;2!-:@8(&$8&;5!%&/!E%+,!:)!2#$%&!(87:#(+87D!
[8(=!E*;;E8!*&):($%;*:&!:&!*&;8(@8&;*:&!(87#E;7P8))*+%+=!*7!9#<E*728/5!E%(-8E=!/#8!;:!%!E%+,!:)!
+%9%+*;=!%&/!E%+,!:)!9(*:(*;*i%;*:&!*&!:(-%&*i%;*:&7D!

\3

!
6

POLICY!RECOMMENDATIONS!AND!ANALYSIS!

'2*7!78+;*:&!E*7;7!9:E*+=!*&;8(@8&;*:&!%E;8(&%;*@87!<%78/!:&!;28!FGH!*&;8(@*8e7!I!9(:)*E875!;28!7;%;8!
9(:)*E875!;28!E*;8(%;#(8!(8@*8e5!%&/!;28!E8-%E!)(%$8e:(,!%&%E=7*7D!!'2878!7#--87;8/!*&;8(@8&;*:&7!%(8!
(%&,8/!%-%*&7;!3\!+(*;8(*%5!%&/!)(:$!;2*7!8f8(+*78!+:$8!(8+:$$8&/%;*:&75!*$9E8$8&;%;*:&!
%&%E=7875!%&/!7#--87;8/!9%(;&8(7D!!
aD3

S[BT?B'.HF!HC!.F'SR[SF'.HF!HM'.HF>!

'28!(878%(+2!;8%$!*/8&;*)*8/!%!;:;%E!:)!3a!9:E*+=!*&;8(@8&;*:&7!%E;8(&%;*@87!e28(8!'BC!+:#E/!*$9%+;!
;28!%&;*_'.M!$:@8$8&;!*&!.&/*%D!'2878!7#--87;*:&7!%(8!<%78/!:&!<87;!9(%+;*+87!%&/!+#((8&;!-%97!*&!
*&;8(@8&;*:&7D!'%<E8!`!E*7;7!;28!/*7;(*<#;*:&!:)!;2878!*&;8(@8&;*:&7D!!
Table!7:!Distribution!of!Policy!Intervention!Alternatives!
Program!Type!

Number!of!Alternatives!

M(8@8&;*:&!

3!

M(:;8+;*:&!

\!

M(:78+#;*:&!

a!

N%9%+*;=_Z#*E/*&-!

^!

B+,&:eE8/-*&-!;2%;!'BCK7!(87:#(+87!e:#E/!<8!<87;!#;*E*i8/!*)!):+#78/!:&!;28!$:7;!8))8+;*@8!:9;*:&75!
3\!+(*;8(*%!e8(8!78E8+;8/!e*;2!e2*+2!;:!(%&,!;28!%E;8(&%;*@87!O788!'%<E8!UQD!'28!+(*;8(*%!%&/!;28!
%++:$9%&=*&-!(%&,*&-7!:(*-*&%;8/!)(:$!/*7+#77*:&7!e*;2!:#(!%/@*7:(5!'BC5!/:&:(!:(-%&*i%;*:&7!*&!
.&/*%!O8D-D!?F.CS15!?FHLN5!%&/!?>B.LQ5!%&/!(878%(+2!)*&/*&-7D!'BC!2*-2E=!@%E#87!*&&:@%;*:&!%&/!
+:EE%<:(%;*:&!e*;2!E:+%E!9%(;&8(7k!;28(8):(85!*&&:@%;*:&!%&/!;28!%<*E*;=!;:!+:EE%<:(%;8!e8(8!*&+E#/8/!
%&/!-*@8&!e8*-2;*&-7!:)!36!98(+8&;!8%+2D!!>*$*E%(E=5!'BC5!e2*E8!9E%+*&-!7:$8!*$9:(;%&+8!:&!<#/-8;5!
/*/!&:;!)88E!;2%;!;2*7!e%7!%!9(*$%(=!+(*;8(*:&k!;28(8):(85!%!9:E*+=K7!%<*E*;=!;:!<8!*$9E8$8&;8/!e*;2*&!
%!t3665666!<#/-8;!e%7!-*@8&!%!E:e8(!e8*-2;*&-!:)!^!98(+8&;D!G*@8&!'BCK7!*&*;*%E!E*$*;8/!(87:#(+875!
9(:-(%$7!e*;2!(:<#7;!@%E#8!$#E;*9E*8(!8))8+;7!72:#E/!<8!2*-2E=!)%@:(8/5!%!+(*;8(*:&!):(!%!@%E#8!
$#E;*9E*8(!8))8+;!e%7!*&+E#/8/!%&/!-*@8&!%!e8*-2;!:)!36!98(+8&;D U3 !'28!(8$%*&/8(!:)!;28!+(*;8(*%!e%7!
-E8%&8/!)(:$!/*7+#77*:&7!e*;2!:;28(!FGH7!%&/!)(:$!*/8&;*)=*&-!e2%;!$%/8!:;28(!*&*;*%;*@87!)%*ED!!B7!
%!)*&%E!8f%$9E85!FGH7!:);8&!+:$9E%*&8/!%<:#;!E%+,!:)!)#&/*&-!):(!*&*;*%;*@87k!;2*7!)*&/*&-!E8/!;:!;28!
*&+E#7*:&!:)!;28!%<*E*;=!;:!E8@8(%-8!;28!9(*@%;8!78+;:(!%7!%!e%=!;:!%//(877!<#/-8;!+:&7;(%*&;7D!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
81

!Based!on!feedback!from!the!teams!advisor,!Professor!Erik!Jensen.!!

\4

!
Table!8:!Policy!Alternatives!Ranking!Criteria!and!Weightings!
#!

Criterion!

3!

.7!;28!*/8%!innovative?!

6.1.1.1.1.1

Weighting!
(%)!

36!

]!

B(8!;28(8!existing!NGO!or!donor!programs!;2%;!+%&!<8!E8@8(%-8/!):(!
;2*7!*&*;*%;*@8r!
X*EE!;28!(87#E;7!<8!quantifiabler!

\!

B(8!;28!(8E8@%&;!stakeholders!receptiver!

36!

^!

L:87!;2*7!*&*;*%;*@8!2%@8!%!7#<7;%&;*@8!value!multiplier!effectr!

36!

a!

.7!;28(8!8f*7;*&-!proof!of!this!concept!O*D8D!%(8!;28(8!+:((:<:(%;*&-!
9%7;!(87#E;7Qr!

36!

`!

L:87!;28!*&*;*%;*@8!E8@8(%-8!%&=!:)!TAFs!core!competenciesr!

^!

U!
b!

N%&!;28!*&*;*%;*@8!<8!*$9E8$8&;8/!e*;2*&!%!US$100,000!budgetr!
B(8!minimal!adverse!side!effects!;:!<8!8f98+;8/!)(:$!;28!9(:g8+;r!
.7!;28!*&*;*%;*@8!8f98+;8/!;:!<8!sustainable!<8=:&/!'BCK7!
*&@:E@8$8&;r!

^!
^!

33!

.7!;28!9(:g8+;!robust!against!shifts!in!government!policy?!

^!

34!

N%&!;28!9(:g8+;!<8!8%7*E=!(:EE8/!:#;Pextended!nationallyr!

^!

3]!

L:87!;28!9(:g8+;!require!few!trafficking!experts!:(!:;28(!2#$%&!
+%9*;%Er!

^!

3\!

L:87!;28!*&*;*%;*@8!leverage!the!private!sector!*&!*;7!
/87*-&P*$9E8$8&;%;*:&r!

^!

4!

36!

36!
36!

^!

.&!(%&,*&-!;28!%E;8(&%;*@875!7#--87;8/!*&*;*%;*@87!e8(8!-*@8&!%!(%;*&-!:)!6!;:!4!<%78/!:&!%/28(8&+8!;:!
;28!*/8&;*)*8/!+(*;8(*:&D!'28!e8*-2;8/!7+:(87!e8(8!;28&!$#E;*9E*8/!<=!%!)%+;:(!:)!^6!;:!9(:@*/8!%!
(%&,*&-!7+:(8!:)!6!;:!3665!e2*+2!*7!$:(8!*&;#*;*@8!*&!*&;8(9(8;%;*:&!;2%&!%!(%&,*&-!7+:(8!:)!6!;:!4D!!
Z8E:e!*7!;28!:#;+:$8!:)!;28!(%&,*&-!8f8(+*78!O788!'%<E8!bQD!'28!)#EE!(87#E;7!:)!;28!9:E*+=!%E;8(&%;*@87!
(%&,*&-!8f8(+*78!+%&!<8!):#&/!*&!B998&/*f!..0!R8+:$$8&/%;*:&!S@%E#%;*:&!N(*;8(*%D!'2(88!:)!;28!
(8+:$$8&/%;*:&7!;*8/!):(!78+:&/!9E%+8!%&/!;28(8!e%7!&:!(8+:$$8&/%;*:&!;2%;!7+:(8/!%<:@8!%&!U^5!
9:*&;*&-!;:!;28!/*))*+#E;=!:)!$88;*&-!%EE!:)!;28!78E8+;8/!+(*;8(*%!;2(:#-2!:&8!9(:-(%$D!

\]

!
Table!9:!Ranking!of!Alternatives!!

Ranking!

Type!

Alternatives!

!Score!

3!

M(:;8+;*:&!

N(8%;8!8+:&:$*+!+::98(%;*@87!

U^!

4%!

M(8@8&;*:&!

":E/!%&;*_;(%))*+,*&-!)87;*@%E7!*&!(#(%E!%(8%7!

U]!

4<!

M(:78+#;*:&!

>+%E8!#9!FGHlE8/!;(%&7*;!9:*&;!*&;8(@8&;*:&7!

U]!

4+!

M(:;8+;*:&!

N(8%;8!%!(8-*7;(=!:)!%&;*_;(%))*+,*&-!
*&/*@*/#%E7P:(-%&*i%;*:&7!

U]!

^!

N%9%+*;=_Z#*E/*&-!

>#99:(;!;28!-:@8(&$8&;!B&;*_'(%))*+,*&-!F:/%E!H))*+8!

U6!

a!

N%9%+*;=_Z#*E/*&-!

.&+(8%78!+:$$#&*+%;*@8!+%9%+*;=!:)!;28!OB'>SN!.&/*%Q!
F%;*:&%E!B&;*_'(%))*+,*&-!F8;e:(,D!

`U!

`!

N%9%+*;=_Z#*E/*&-!

N:&/#+;!$:&*;:(*&-!%&/!8@%E#%;*:&!:)!;28!&8e!4b`!
.&;8-(%;8/!B&;*_"#$%&!'(%))*+,*&-!?&*;7!

`U!

U!

M(:78+#;*:&!

'(%*&!9(:78+#;:(7!:&!9:7;_+:&@*+;*:&!%+;*@*;*87!
O8D-D!+:$98&7%;*:&!E%e5!(82%<*E*;%;*:&!E%eQ!

`^!

b!

N%9%+*;=_Z#*E/*&-!

N:&/#+;!*&_)*8E/!(878%(+2!:&!E%<:(!;(%))*+,*&-!

`6!

36!

M(:78+#;*:&!

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9(:78+#;*:&!7;%,82:E/8(7!

aU!

33!

M(:;8+;*:&!

.$9(:@8!%++877!;:!$*+(:_+(8/*;!):(!@*+;*$7!:)!'.M!

a]!

34!

M(:78+#;*:&!

.&+(8%78!#7%-8!:)!+:$98&7%;*:&!E%e7!I!7+28$87!*&!
;(%))*+,*&-!7;%;87P;8((*;:(*87!;2(:#-2!%e%(8&877!
+%$9%*-&D!!

a6!

3]!

M(:78+#;*:&!

T:<<=!;28!-:@8(&$8&;!;:!*&+(8%78!;28!&#$<8(!:)!)8$%E8!
9:E*+8!:))*+8(7!

^^!

3\!

M(:;8+;*:&!

'(%*&!):($8(!@*+;*$7!;:!<8+:$8!m(87+#8!%&/!
(82%<*E*;%;*:&!8f98(;7n!

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3^!

M(:78+#;*:&!

>#99:(;!;28!-:@8(&$8&;!*&!;28!*&;(:/#+;*:&!:)!%!m9:E*+8!
*&+8&;*@8!9(:-(%$n!

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3a!

N%9%+*;=_Z#*E/*&-!

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(87:#(+87!*&!%!$:(8!8))8+;*@85!+:EE%<:(%;*@8!$%&&8(!

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aD4

RSNH11SFLB'.HF>!

'28!):EE:e*&-!/87+(*9;*:&7!:)!;28!;:9!;8&!(8+:$$8&/%;*:&7!%(8!8%+2!%++:$9%&*8/!<=!%!(%;*:&%E85!
*$9E8$8&;%;*:&!%&%E=7*75!%&/!7#--87;8/!9%(;&8(7!):(!'BC!;:!+:EE%<:(%;8!e*;2D!C:(!;28!7%,8!:)!
<(8@*;=5!(8+:$$8&/%;*:&7!<8E:e!;28!;:9!;8&!%(8!&:;!8f%$*&8/!*&!/89;25!e*;2!;28!8f+89;*:&!:)!;28!
;e:!*&&:@%;*:&7!:#;E*&8/!*&!>8+;*:&!aD]D!BE;2:#-2!78@8(%E!:)!;28!*&;8(@8&;*:&7!(%&,8/!(8E%;*@8E=!
!

\\

9::(E=5!;28=!28E9!;:!*EE#7;(%;8!;2%;!8@8&!*&;8(@8&;*:&7!9(878&;E=!#&/8(!*$9E8$8&;%;*:&!%(8!&:;!
:9;*$%ED!
'28!*$9E8$8&;%;*:&!%&%E=787!+:&7*/8(8/!2:e!'BC!+:#E/!+%((=!:#;!8%+2!9(:-(%$!*&!E*-2;!:)!*;7!
(87:#(+8!%&/!<#/-8;!+:&7;(%*&;7k!e*EE*&-&877!:)!,8=!9%(;&8(7k!+%9%+*;=!%&/!%<*E*;=!:)!/*))8(8&;!
:(-%&*i%;*:&7k!%&/!'BCK7!:e&!:<g8+;*@875!+%9%+*;*875!$%&/%;85!%&/!-:%E7D!!'28!%&%E=787!%(8!<(:,8&!
#9!*&;:!72:(;!;8($!O6_34!$:&;27Q5!$8/*#$!;8($!O3_^!=8%(7Q5!%&/!E:&-!;8($!O:@8(!^!=8%(7QD!!
'28!7#--87;8/!9%(;&8(7!e8(8!78E8+;8/!<%78/!:&!;28!FGH!7#(@8=!*&;8(@*8e75!FGH!9(:)*E875!%&/!;28!
<87;!9(%+;*+8!%&%E=7*7D!C:(!$:(8!/8;%*E7!:&!;28!7#--87;8/!9%(;&8(7!E*7;8/5!9E8%78!788!;28!Z%+,-(:#&/!
L:+#$8&;D!R8+:$$8&/%;*:&7!%(8!:(-%&*i8/!<=!;28!;=98!:)!*&;8(@8&;*:&D!
Coordinate!new!economic!cooperatives!or!link!existing!cooperatives!with!the!private!sector!
Ranking!

1/16!

Description!

B++:(/*&-!;:!;28!.&;8(&%;*:&%E N::98(%;*@8!BEE*%&+85!+::98(%;*@87!%(8!m%#;:&:$:#7!
%77:+*%;*:&7!:)!98(7:&7!#&*;8/!@:E#&;%(*E=!;:!$88;!;28*(!+:$$:&!8+:&:$*+5!7:+*%E5!%&/!
+#E;#(%E!&88/7!%&/!%79*(%;*:&7!;2(:#-2!%!g:*&;E=_:e&8/!%&/!/8$:+(%;*+%EE=_+:&;(:EE8/!
8&;8(9(*78Dn!U4 !N::98(%;*@8!%+;*@*;*87!*&+E#/8!8@8(=;2*&-!)(:$!;28!$%,*&-!:)!+(%);7!):(!7%E8!
*&!$%(,8;75!;(%&79:(;!O8D-D!;%f*7Q5!;28!9(:@*7*:&!:)!+2*E/+%(85!;:!;28!9(:@*7*:&!:)!78(@*+87!
O8D-D!e%;8(!):(!@*EE%-87QD!!

Rationale!

.&/*%K7!(82%<*E*;%;*:&!)(%$8e:(,!*7!E%+,*&-5!9%(;*+#E%(E=!*&!;28!%(8%!:)!9(:@*/*&-!
%E;8(&%;*@8!E*@8E*2::/!:99:(;#&*;*87D!B++:(/*&-!;:!"STM5!%&!FGH!<%78/!*&!B&/2(%!
M(%/8725!m+#((8&;!@:+%;*:&%E!;(%*&*&-!:);8&!*7!&:;!<%78/!:&!%!&88/7!%&%E=7*7!%&/!)%*E7!;:!
E*&,!e*;2!+#((8&;!8$9E:=$8&;!:99:(;#&*;*87Dn!B++:(/*&-!;:!7:$8!%++:#&;75!%;!E8%7;!\6!
98(+8&;!:)!@*+;*$7!%(8!(8_;(%))*+,8/!/#8!E%(-8E=!;:!)%*E8/PE%+,*&-!(82%<*E*;%;*:&!8)):(;7D U] !!
Short!term:!!C#&/*&-!72:#E/!):+#7!:&!8*;28(!*&/898&/8&;!:(!+:EE%<:(%;*@8!(878%(+2!;:!
*/8&;*)=!;28!&88/75!;28!-8:-(%92*+!%(8%75!9:77*<E8!728E;8(7!):(!E%#&+2*&-!%!9*E:;!9(:g8+;5!
;28!7;%,82:E/8(7!*&@:E@8/5!;28!9:;8&;*%E!%+;:(7!;:!9%(;&8(!e*;25!$:&*;:(*&-!%&/!8@%E#%;*:&!
)(%$8e:(,75!%&/!8f*7;*&-!9(:-(%$7!;:!%@:*/!/#9E*+%;*:&!:)!#&&8+877%(=!78(@*+87!%&/!;:!
*/8&;*)=!<87;!9(%+;*+8!9(:-(%$7D!'28!(8E8@%&;!E%e75!9(:+8/#(875!-:@8(&$8&;!*&@:E@8$8&;!
e*EE!%E7:!&88/!;:!<8!*/8&;*)*8/!%&/!8f%$*&8/D!!

Medium!term0!.)!;28!72:(;!;8($!9E%&&*&-!72:e7!;2%;!7#+2!%!9(:-(%$!*7!)8%7*<E8!):(!'BC5!%!
Implementation! 9*E:;!9(:g8+;!+%&!<8!7;%(;8/D!B!(8@*8e!:)!;28!9(:g8+;K7!98():($%&+8!%&/!*;7!%<*E*;=!;:!$88;!
Analysis!
'BCK7!$%&/%;85!:<g8+;*@87!%&/!-:%E7!72:#E/!<8!/:&8!%);8(!3_4!=8%(7!:)!*;7!*&*;*%;*:&D!'28!
-%97!*&!*$9E8$8&;%;*:&!72:#E/!<8!*/8&;*)*8/!):(!+:((8+;*:&!%7!e8EE!%7!;28!<87;!9(%+;*+87!
;2%;!+%&!<8!(89E*+%;8/!8E78e28(8D!.)!;28!9*E:;!*7!):#&/!;:!<8!7#++877)#E5!'BC!+%&!7+%E8!#9!*;7!
9(:-(%$D!
Long!term0!B);8(!^!=8%(7!:)!*$9E8$8&;%;*:&!'BC!72:#E/!8@%E#%;8!e28;28(!;2*7!*7!%!
9(:-(%$!;2%;!;28=!e*72!;:!+:&;*&#8!e*;2!<%78/!:&!(87#E;75!&88/5!)#&/*&-!%&/!%<*E*;=!;:!
+:&;*&#8!e*;2!;2*7!9(:-(%$D!.&!;28!*&7;%&+8!;2%;!'BC!/:87!&:;!e*72!;:!+:&;*&#8!e*;2!;2*7!
9E%&5!;28=!72:#E/!/8@8E:9!%&!8f*;!7;(%;8-=!e28(8!:;28(!%+;:(7!+%&!;%,8!:@8(!;28!9(:-(%$7D!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
82

!International!Cooperative!Alliance.!(2010).!What!is!a!Co"operative?!.Retrieved!March!10,!2010,!from!
http://www.ica.coop/coop/index.html.!

83

!UNIFEM.!(2004).!A!Report!on!Trafficking!in!Women!and!Children!in!India!2002"2003,!NHRC"UNIFEM"ISS!Project.!

\^

Suggested!
Partners!

X87;!Z8&-%E!1*E,!C8/8(%;*:&!N::98(%;*@8!>:+*8;=5!>;2(885!M(%ge%E%5!>'HM!L8E2*5!B(i!
Hold!anti"trafficking!festivals!in!rural!areas!

Ranking!

2a/16!
'2878!)87;*@%E7!e*EE!)#&+;*:&!%7!%&!m%EE_*&_:&8n!%&;*_'.M!8@8&;5!*&+E#/*&-!&:;!:&E=!
m8/#;%*&$8&;n!:&!;28!$%&*9#E%;*:&7!:)!;(%))*+,8(75!<#;!%E7:!;28!:99:(;#&*;=!):(!
+:$$#&*;*87!%&/!)%$*E*87!;:!+:&&8+;!e*;2!,8=!7;%,82:E/8(7D!Z8E:e!*7!%&!:#;E*&8!:)!;28!
@%(*:#7!+:$9:&8&;70!
!
!

Description!

Rationale!

'28%;(8!9(:/#+;*:&7!
T%e!8&):(+8$8&;!O*D8D!;28(8!;:!;%E,!;:!9%(8&;7!e2:!%(8!$*77*&-!)%$*E=!$8$<8(7!
%&/!(8-*7;8(!+%787Q!
! >:+*%E!e:(,8(7!O*D8D!;28(8!;:!;%E,!;:!)%$*E*87!%<:#;!;28!$%&*9#E%;*:&7!:)!
;(%))*+,8(7Q!
! H))*+*%E7!)(:$!;28!7:+*%E!/89%(;$8&;7!
! T*@8E*2::/!:99:(;#&*;=!;(%*&*&-!O*D8D!e:(,72:97!:&!2:e!;:!7;%(;!+::98(%;*@87Q!
! N:$$#&*;=!:(-%&*i*&-!e:(,72:97!O*D8D!2:e!;:!<#*E/!%!@*-*E%&+8!+:$$*;;88Q!%&/!
! T:+%E!(%/*:!7;%;*:&7!O*D8D!;:!<(:%/+%7;!;28!)87;*@*;*87!%&/!(%*78!%e%(8&877!:&!;28!
*77#8!:)!'.MQD!
H)!;28!9E8;2:(%!:)!9(8@8&;*:&!%+;*@*;*875!&:&8!e8(8!7%*/!;:!<8!A#*;8!%7!/*))8(8&;*%;8/!:(!
*$9%+;)#E!%7!;2:78!8$9E:=*&-!;28!#78!:)!;28%;(8!%7!%!e%=!;:!(%*78!%e%(8&877!%<:#;!
;(%))*+,*&-!*&!%&!%++877*<E8!e%=!):(!(#(%E!+:$$#&*;*87D!!
1%&=!:)!;28!<87;!9(%+;*+87!#&/8(!9(8@8&;*:&!*&;8(@8&;*:&7!*&@:E@8/!;28%;(*+%E!
9(:/#+;*:&7D!!
Z=!*&+E#/*&-!E%e!8&):(+8$8&;5!7:+*%E!e:(,8(75!%&/!(89(878&;%;*@87!)(:$!;28!/89%(;$8&;75!
)%$*E*87!%&/!+:$$#&*;=!$8$<8(7!2%@8!%!#&*A#8!:99:(;#&*;=!;:!*&;8(%+;!e*;2!;(%))*+,*&-!
8f98(;7!%&/!-8;!28E95!%/@*+85!%&/P:(!;(%*&*&-!:&!2:e!;:!+:$<%;!'.M!*&!;28*(!)%$*E*87!%&/!
+:$$#&*;*87D!
C*&%EE=5!;2878!)87;*@%E7!+:#E/!<8&8)*;!)(:$!9(*@%;8!78+;:(!9%(;&8(72*97D!

Short!term:!.&!;28!72:(;!(#&!e2*E8!'BC!(887;%<E*7287!*;7!9(878&+8!*&!.&/*%5!'BC!72:#E/!
9%(;&8(!e*;2!2*-2!9(:)*E8!FGH7!;2%;!%E(8%/=!8&-%-8!e*;2!+:$$#&*;*87!):(!%e%(8&877_
(%*7*&-!;2(:#-2!$:<*E8!;28%;(87!%&/!)87;*@%E7D!.&!;2*7!e%=5!;28=!+%&!<#*E/!%!(89#;%;*:&!:&!
Implementation! ;28!-(:#&/!%&/!-%*&!8f98(;*78!%&/!8f9:7#(8D!!
Analysis!
Medium!to!long!term0!!.)!'BC!)88E7!;2%;!;28!(8;#(&7!)(:$!7#+2!%&!*&;8(@8&;*:&!%(8!2*-25!
;28=!2%@8!;28!:9;*:&!:)!8*;28(!+:&;*&#*&-!;:!e:(,!e*;2!;2878!FGH7!%&/!8f9%&/*&-!;28!
:#;(8%+2!;:!:;28(!7;%;87!:(!/8@8E:9*&-!;2*7!:&!;28*(!:e&D!!
Suggested!
Partners!

C8EE:e72*9!OH(*77%Q5!N%$9%*-&!B-%*&7;!N2*E/!'(%))*+,*&-5!N:&;%+;!Z%78!
Assist!transit!point!interventions!by!scaling!up!existing!NGO!programs!

Ranking!

2b/16!

Description!

>+%E8!#9!8f*7;*&-!<87;!9(%+;*+8!FGH_E8/!9(:-(%$7!*&!;28!%(8%!:)!;(%&7*;!9:*&;!
*&;8(@8&;*:&7D!!

Rationale!

B&!87;*$%;8/!b6j!:)!;(%))*+,*&-!*&!.&/*%!*7!*&;8(_7;%;8!%&/!;28!*&;8((#9;*:&!:)!'.M!%;!
;(%&7*;!9:*&;7!2%7!<88&!*/8&;*)*8/!%7!%!<87;!9(%+;*+8!<8+%#78!:)!*;7!9(:@8&!7#++877D!'2*7!
%99(:%+2!*&+(8%787!;28!+:7;7!;:!;(%))*+,8(75!*&+(8%787!;28!%((87;7!:)!;(%))*+,8(7!O<8+%#78!

\a

;28!:))8&78!*7!:);8&!+:-&*i%<E8Q5!%&/!*;!*7!(8E%;*@8E=!8%7=!;:!/8;8+;!9:9#E%(!;(%))*+,*&-!
(:#;87!O*D8D!+8&;(%E!;(%*&!78+;*:&7QD!!
Short!term0!'BC!72:#E/!):+#7!:&!*/8&;*)=*&-!&:;!:&E=!e2*+2!;(%&7*;!9:*&;7!%(8!$:7;!9:;8&;5!
<#;!%E7:!;28!e%=7!%&/!$8%&7!;:!%//(877!;28!*77#8!*&!;2:78!;(%&7*;!9:*&;75!%7!e8EE!%7!;28!
-%97!%&/!9:;8&;*%E!*77#87!;2%;!$%=!+:$8!#9D!'2*7!e*EE!(8A#*(8!%!$#E;*_7;%,82:E/8(!
+:&7#E;%;*:&!9(:+8775!e2*+2!79%&7!;28!9:E*+85!FGH75!+:$$#&*;*875!-:@8(&$8&;!:))*+*%E75!
%&/!:;28(!E8-%E!*&7;*;#;*:&7D!>*$#E;%&8:#7E=5!8f*7;*&-!FGH!%&/!/:&:(!*&*;*%;*@87!
%//(877*&-!;(%&7*;!9:*&;7!72:#E/!<8!+:&7*/8(8/!):(!9%(;&8(72*9D!'2:78!;2%;!$88;!'BCK7!
Implementation! :<g8+;*@875!-:%E7!%&/!$%&/%;87!+%&!<8!7+%E8/!#9!;2(:#-2!;28!%77*7;%&+8!:)!'BCD!!
Analysis!
Medium/long!term0!B&!8@%E#%;*:&!72:#E/!<8!+:&/#+;8/!;:!788!e28;28(!7#+2!%&!*&*;*%;*@8!
%7!*;!7;%&/7!*7!7#++877)#E!%&/!8))*+*8&;D!!.)!'BC!)88E7!;2%;!;2*7!*&;8(@8&;*:&!2%7!7;(:&-!
(87#E;7!%&/!%!28%E;2=!(8;#(&!:&!;28!7:+*%E!*&@87;$8&;!;28&!*;!2%7!;e:!:9;*:&7D!C*(7;5!*;!
+:#E/!+:&;*&#8!;:!*$9E8$8&;!;2*7!9(:-(%$!%7!*7!e*;2!;28!78E8+;8/!9%(;&8(7D!BE;8(&%;*@8E=5!
*)!;28=!%(8!&:;!7%;*7)*8/!e*;2!;28!e%=!;28!9(:-(%$!*7!<8*&-!*$9E8$8&;8/!;28=!+:#E/!(8@8(;!
;:!;28!78+:&/!:9;*:&!_!(8_8@%E#%;*&-!;28!9(:-(%$!%&/!)*&/*&-!&8e!9%(;&8(75!-:*&-!*;!%E:&8!
:(!8&-%-*&-!e*;2!&8e!9%(;&8(7P&8e!%99(:%+2!;:!;(%&7*;!9:*&;!*&;8(@8&;*:&7D!!
Suggested!
Partners!

1%&%@!>8@%!>%&7;2%&5!Z2::$*,%![*2%(5!M(%=%7!
Build!a!database!of!individuals/organizations!that!are!relevant!to!trafficking!

Ranking!

2c/16!

Description!

'28!*&/*@*/#%E7!%&/!:(-%&*i%;*:&7!*&!;28!/%;%<%78!e*EE!<8!+:&&8+;8/!e*;2!728E;8(7!%&/!
FGH7!;2%;!%(8!*&!&88/!:)!2#$%&!(87:#(+87!%&/P:(!+%9%+*;=D!N#((8&;E=5!N:&;%+;!Z%78!
8$9E:=7!%!/%;%<%78!:)!#&*@8(7*;=!7;#/8&;7!*&!(8E8@%&;!)*8E/7!O8D-D!28%E;25!97=+2:E:-=5!
7:+*%E!e:(,5!8;+Q!;:!)*&/!@:E#&;88(7!%&/!FGH!7;%))D!!

Rationale!

Z:;2!7;%;8_(#&!%&/!FGH_(#&!728E;8(!2:$87!2%@8!*&/*+%;8/!;2%;!;28*(!E%+,!:)!9(:@*7*:&!:)!
2:E*7;*+!(82%<*E*;%;*:&!78(@*+87!*7!/#8!;:!E%+,!:)!;28!2#$%&!(87:#(+87!%@%*E%<E8!;:!9(:@*/8!
7#+2!78(@*+87D!"STM!*&/*+%;8/!;2%;!;28(8!*7!%!m72:(;%-8!:)!7;%))!;(%*&8/!%&/!8f98(*8&+8/!*&!
;(%#$%!+%(8!%&/!+:#&78E*&-!<:;2!*&!-:@8(&$8&;!%&/!9(*@%;8E=!(#&!2:$87Dn!'28!T8-%E!
C(%$8e:(,!B&%E=7*7!%E7:!2*-2E*-2;8/!;28!9::(!(87:#(+87!%@%*E%<E8!;:!2:$87!O788!
Z%+,-(:#&/!L:+#$8&;QD!Z%78/!:&!N:&;%+;!Z%78K7!9(:-(%$5!2:e8@8(5!*;!%998%(7!;28!-%9!*&!
(87:#(+8!9(:@*7*:&!+%&!<8!+(8%;*@8E=!+E:78/!9%(;E=!;2(:#-2!;28!#78!:)!#&*@8(7*;=!7;#/8&;7!
%&/!9:7;_-(%/#%;87D!!.)!'BC!+%&!8))*+*8&;E=!7+%E8!#9!N:&;%+;!Z%78K7!9(:-(%$!;:!&%;*:&%E!
E8@8E!%&/!*&+(8%78!;28!&#$<8(!:)!*&/*@*/#%E7P:(-%&*i%;*:&7!*&!;28!/%;%<%78!;2%;!+%&!28E9!
728E;8(75!;28!(82%<*E*;%;*:&!9(:+877!):(!@*+;*$7!e:#E/!<8!-(8%;E=!*$9(:@8/D!!

Short!term0!'BC!72:#E/!)*(7;!#&/8(;%,8!%&!%&%E=7*7!:)!;28!8f*7;*&-!/%;%<%787!%&/!;28*(!
72:(;+:$*&-7D!B!$#E;*_7;%,82:E/8(!+:&7#E;%;*@8!%99(:%+2!72:#E/!;28&!<8!#&/8(;%,8&!
<8+%#78!;28!+:&;*&#8/!9%(;*+*9%;*:&!:)!;2878!7;%,82:E/8(7!e*EE!<8!@*;%E!;:!;28!:&-:*&-!
7#++877!:)!;28!9(:g8+;D!.&!;28!+:&7#E;%;*@8!9(:+8/#(875!;28!7;%,82:E/8(7!72:#E/!<8!
Implementation! *&+E#/8/!*&!/8@8E:9*&-!%&!%+;*:&!9E%&D!
Analysis!
Medium!to!long!term0!N:&;*&#:#7!8@%E#%;*:&!:)!8))*+*8&+=!%&/!A#%E*;=!:)!;28!9(:+8/#(87!;:!
#9/%;8!%&/!/*778$*&%;8!;28!/%;%<%78!e*EE!<8!8778&;*%ED!S@%E#%;*:&!:)!9%(;&8(!(:E87!%&/!
(879:&7*<*E*;*87!%&/!2:e!;28=!2%@8!#&/8(;%,8&!;28$!e*EE!%E7:!<8!&88/8/!:&!%!+:&7*7;8&;!
<%7*7!;:!)*&/!e8%,!E*&,7!;2%;!+%&!<8!(8+;*)*8/D!
Suggested!
Partners!

N:&;%+;!Z%785!B'>SN5!?F.CS15!1*&*7;(=!:)!X:$8&!%&/!N2*E/!L8@8E:9$8&;!

Partner!with!the!Anti"Trafficking!Nodal!Office!under!the!Ministry!of!Home!Affairs!in!order!to!improve!

\`

monitoring!and!evaluation!of!TIP!
Ranking!

5/16!

Description!

'2*7!*7!;:!<8!%++:$9E*728/!<=!E8@8(%-*&-!8f*7;*&-!/%;%<%7875!*$9(:@*&-!;28!+%9%+*;=!:)!
7;%;8!&:/%E!:))*+8(75!%&/!$%,*&-!;28!*&):($%;*:&!%@%*E%<E8!9#<E*+E=D!

Rationale!

'28!+8&;(%E!-:@8(&$8&;K7!m&:/%E!+8EE!*7!%!)8/8(%E!two"person!department!(879:&7*<E8!):(!
+:EE8+;*&-!%&/!98():($*&-!%&%E=7*7!:)!/%;%!(8E%;8/!;:!;(%))*+,*&-5!*/8&;*)=*&-!;28!+%#787!:)!
;28!9(:<E8$5!$:&*;:(*&-!%+;*:&!;%,8&!<=!7;%;8!-:@8(&$8&;75!%&/!2:E/*&-!$88;*&-7!e*;2!
7;%;8_E8@8E!E%e!8&):(+8$8&;Dn U\ !.;!*7!78@8(8E=!#&/8(!(87:#(+8/!%&/!*&!&88/!:)!%//*;*:&%E!
+%9%+*;=D!G*@8&!*;7!*$9:(;%&;!$%&/%;85!%!9%(;&8(72*9!e*;2!;28!-:@8(&$8&;!;:!28E9!-8;!;2*7!
&8e!/89%(;$8&;!;:!)#EE!)#&+;*:&%E*;=!2%7!;28!9:;8&;*%E!;:!<8!@8(=!28E9)#E!;:!;28!%&;*_'.M!
$:@8$8&;D!!

Short/medium/long!term:!'2*7!e:#E/!<8!%&!:&_-:*&-!9(:-(%$D!'BC!e:#E/!&88/!;:!/8+*/8!
e2%;!;=98!:)!%77*7;%&+8!*;!e:#E/!<8!e*EE*&-!;:!9(:@*/80!)#&/*&-!):(!-(8%;8(!7;%))5!+%9%+*;=!
Implementation! <#*E/*&-5!%77*7;*&-!*&!/8@8E:9*&-!-(8%;8(!E*&,%-87!):(!*&):($%;*:&!)E:e7!e*;2!:;28(!
Analysis!
:(-%&*i%;*:&7!%&/!7;%,82:E/8(75!9E%+*&-!'BC!8$9E:=887!*&!&:/%E!:))*+875!8;+D!N:&;*&#:#7!
8@%E#%;*:&!:)!;28!(87#E;7!%&/!8))*+%+=!)(:$!;28!*&;8(@8&;*:&7!e*EE!28E9!*/8&;*)=!e2%;!*7!
e:(,*&-5!e2%;!2%7!<88&!%+2*8@8/5!%&/!e2%;!7;*EE!&88/7!;:!<8!/:&8D!!
Suggested!
Partners!

1*&*7;(=!:)!":$8!B))%*(75!>;%;8_E8@8E!$*&*7;(*875!>;%;8_E8@8E!9:E*+8!/89%(;$8&;7!

Improve!the!communicative!capacity!of!the!(ATSEC!India)!national!anti"trafficking!network!
Ranking!

6/16!

Description!

'2*7!e:#E/!<8!-8%(8/!;:e%(/7!<8;;8(!+::(/*&%;*:&!:)!(8-*:&%E!%&/!7;%;8_E8@8E!;(%))*+,*&-!
&8;e:(,7!%&/!<8;e88&!;28!&8;e:(,7!%&/!-:@8(&$8&;D!!

Rationale!

B++:(/*&-!;:!78@8(%E!%++:#&;75!*&+E#/*&-!;2%;!:)!1%/(%7!N2(*7;*%&!N:#&+*E!:)!>:+*%E!>8(@*+8!
O1NN>>Q!*&!'%$*E!F%/#!%&/!"STM!*&!B&/2(%!M(%/8725!9::(!+:$$#&*+%;*:&!<8;e88&!+*@*E!
7:+*8;=!<8;e88&!8%+2!:;28(!%&/!e*;2!-:@8(&$8&;!2%7!<88&!%!E8%/*&-!2#(/E8!*&!)%+*&-!
;(%))*+,*&-D!1:(8:@8(5!>;%&):(/!9(:)877:(!S(*,!h8&78&!)8E;!;2%;!+::(/*&%;*:&!e%7!
9:;8&;*%EE=!;28!*&;8(@8&;*:&!e*;2!;28!$:7;!9(:$*7*&-!@%E#8!$#E;*9E*8(!-*@8&!;28!/=&%$*+7!
:)!;(%))*+,*&-!*&!.&/*%D!!

Short!term0!Z8):(8!8&-%-*&-!*&!7#+2!%&!*&;8(@8&;*:&5!%!@#E&8(%<*E*;=!%&/!78&7*;*@*;=!
%&%E=7*7!72:#E/!<8!#&/8(;%,8&!;:!*/8&;*)=!&:;!:&E=!e2%;!-%97!8f*7;!<#;!%E7:!;:!8f%$*&8!
e2*+2!-%97!*&!;28!7=7;8$!'BC!2%7!;28!-(8%;87;!+:$98;8&+*87!;:!8))*+*8&;E=!%+2*8@8D!
":e8@8(5!;2878!&88/7!$%=!+2%&-8!:@8(!;*$8!%7!e8EED!>#+2!%&!*&;8(@8&;*:&!+%&&:;!<8!%!
7#++877!#&E877!;28!&8;e:(,7!;28$78E@87!%(8!&:;!%E*-&8/!e*;2!;28!:<g8+;*@87D!B!
+:&7#E;%;*@8!7;%,82:E/8(!9(:+877!*&!e2*+2!;28!7;%;8!%&/!&%;*:&%E!&8;e:(,7!;28$78E@87!
Implementation! */8&;*)=!;28!*77#87!%&/!:<g8+;*@87!;28=!e:#E/!E*,8!;:!%+2*8@8!*7!$%&/%;:(=D!C:EE:e*&-!;2*75!
Analysis!
%!g:*&;!%+;*:&!9E%&!+%&!<8!/8@8E:98/!e*;2!72:(;5!$8/*#$!%&/!E:&-!;8($!-:%E7D!
Medium!term0!S@%E#%;*&-!;28!9(:-(%$K7!7#++877!e*EE!28E9!9(*:(*;*i8!):(!'BC!e28;28(!;28=!
e*72!;:!+:&;*&#8!e*;2!;2*7!9(:-(%$D!'BC!$%=!&:;!<8!%<E8!;:!)*f!%EE!;28!9(:<E8$7!;2%;!;28!
&8;e:(,7!)%+8!e*;2!8%+2!:;28(D!'28(8):(85!*)!'BC!7%;*7)*87!;28!:<g8+;*@87!*/8&;*)*8/!*&!;28!
)*(7;!7;89!%&/!)88E7!;2%;!;28!&88/7!2%@8!+2%&-8/!%&/!*;7!+:$98;8&+*87!/:!&:;!$%;+2!;28!
&8e!&88/7!;28&!98(2%97!*;!72:#E/!8f*;!)(:$!;2*7!9(:-(%$!8@8&;#%EE=D!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
84

!US!Department!of!State.!(2007).!Trafficking!in!Persons!Report!2007.!Retrieved!March!3,!2010,!from!
http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/82902.pdf.!

\U

Long!term0!":e8@8(5!*)!'BC!)88E7!;2%;!;28=!7;*EE!2%@8!@%E#%<E8!+:&;(*<#;*:&7!;:!$%,8!%!&8e!
&88/7!%&%E=7*7!72:#E/!<8!+:&/#+;8/!%&/!;28!9(:+877!(87;%(;8/!;:!%//(877!;28!8@:E@8/!
*&;8(_&8;e:(,!7;(#+;#(87!%&/!;28!&8e!9(:<E8$7!;28=!$%=!)%+8D!
Suggested!
Partners!

B'>SN5!N%$9%*-&!B-%*&7;!N2*E/!'(%))*+,*&-5!h2%(,2%&/!B&;*_'(%))*+,*&-!F8;e:(,5!>FB'N"!

Conduct!monitoring!and!evaluation!of!the!new!297!Integrated!Anti"Human!Trafficking!Units!(IAHTUs)!
Ranking!

7/16!

Description!

'28!.&;8-(%;8/!B&;*_"#$%&!'(%))*+,*&-!?&*;7!O.B"'?7Q!%(8!%!&8e!1*&*7;(=!:)!":$8!
B))%*(7!9(:-(%$!O:(*-*&%EE=!9*E:;8/!<=!?FHLNQD!.&!466UP466b5!;28!-:@8(&$8&;!s%EE:+%;8/!
t3U!$*EE*:&!;:!;28!1*&*7;(=!:)!":$8!B))%*(7!;:!+(8%;8!4b`!%&;*_2#$%&!;(%))*+,*&-!#&*;7!
%+(:77!;28!&%;*:&!;:!;(%*&!%&/!78&7*;*i8!E%e!8&):(+8$8&;!:))*+*%E7Ds U^ !!

Rationale!

1%&=!:)!;28!,8=!:#;%-87!*&!;28!E8-%E!)(%$8e:(,!%&/!(82%<*E*;%;*:&!9(:+877!2%@8!;28!
9:;8&;*%E!;:!<8!%//(8778/!;2(:#-2!;28!.B"'?7D!X2*E8!$:&*;:(*&-!%&/!8@%E#%;*:&!):($!%!
9%(;!:)!;2878!#&*;75!%&!*&/898&/8&;!%#/*;:(!:)!;28!*&*;*%;*@8K7!*$9%+;!:@8(!;28!&8%(!;:!
$8/*#$!;8($!e:#E/!<8!#78)#E!;:!9(:@*/8!-:@8(&$8&;!e*;2!%//*;*:&%E!98(798+;*@8!:&!;28!
7#++877!:)!;2878!.B"'?7!%7!;28=!7+%E8!#9D!'28!8%(E=!=8%(7!:)!*&7;*;#;*:&7!E*,8!.B"'?7!%(8!
;28!$:7;!+(*;*+%E!l!*)!8$92%7*7!*7!&:;!9E%+8/!:&!(87#E;75!8))*+*8&+=!%&/!A#%E*;=!;2878!
.B"'?7!+:#E/!7;%(;!:&!%!9%;2!/898&/8&;!9(:+877!:)!)%*E#(8D!!H@8(!;28!&8f;!]_^!=8%(75!
*&@:E@8$8&;!*&!1IS!:)!;2878!#&*;7!e*EE!28E9!'BC!<#*E/!*;7!8f98(;*78!%&/!8f98(*8&+8!*&!;28!
;(%))*+,*&-!%(8&%!l!1IS!:)!;2878!#&*;7!e*EE!*&+(8%78!,&:eE8/-8!:)!;28!%+;#%E!:&!;28!-(:#&/!
/=&%$*+7!:)!;(%))*+,*&-!*&!.&/*%!%&/!;28!*77#87!)%+8/D!C*&%EE=5!%!9%(;&8(72*9!E*,8!;2*7!e:#E/!
28E9!<#*E/!'BCK7!(8E%;*:&72*9!e*;2!;28!-:@8(&$8&;!:)!.&/*%D!!

Short!to!medium!term0! B!<8&+2$%(,!7;#/=!72:#E/!<8!+:&/#+;8/!;:!87;%<E*72!e28(8!;28!
+#((8&;!$:&*;:(*&-!%&/!8@%E#%;*:&!)(%$8e:(,7!%(8D!C(:$!;28(85!'BC!72:#E/!72%(8!;28!
Implementation! (87#E;7!:)!;28!7;#/=!e*;2!;28!1*&*7;(=!:)!":$8!B))%*(7!%&/!*&/*+%;8!e28(8!'BC!+%&!28E9!
Analysis!
+E:78!*/8&;*)*8/!-%97D!.;!72:#E/!<8!$%/8!+E8%(!;:!;28!1:"B!<=!'BC!;2%;!*;7!*&;8(@8&;*:&!*&!
;28!.B"'?7!e*EE!&:;!8f;8&/!<8=:&/!^!=8%(75!7*&+8!;2878!#&*;75!%;!)#EE!)#&+;*:&%E*;=5!72:#E/!
<8!78E)_7#))*+*8&;D!!
Suggested!
Partners!

?FHLN5!1*&*7;(=!:)!":$8!B))%*(7!

Implement!prosecutor!training!on!post"conviction!activities,!especially!on!compensation!law!and!
procedures!
Ranking!

8/16!

Description!

M(:78+#;:(7!E8%/!;28!9:7;_+:&@*+;*:&!9(:+877!:&!<82%E)!:)!@*+;*$7!*&!(8-%(/7!;:!788,*&-!
+:$98&7%;*:&5!+E:7*&-!<(:;28E75!-8;;*&-!2%(728(!9#&*72$8&;7!):(!(898%;!:))8&/8(75!%&/!
9E%+*&-!@*+;*$7!*&!(82%<*E*;%;*:&!)%+*E*;*87D!'BC!72:#E/!9(:@*/8!;(%*&*&-!7:!;2%;!;2878!
9(:78+#;:(7!%(8!$%/8!$:(8!%e%(8!:)!;28*(!:<E*-%;*:&7D!

Rationale!

G*@8&!;28!28%@=!e:(,E:%/!:)!9#<E*+ 9(:78+#;:(75!;2878!+(#+*%E!7;897!:);8&!/:!&:;!-8;!;28!
%;;8&;*:&!;28=!&88/D!1:(8:@8(5!7:$8!9(:78+#;:(7!%(8!&:;!)#EE=!@8(78/!:&!;28!(*-2;7!:)!
@*+;*$7!;:!+:$98&7%;*:&!Oe2*+2!*7!%&!8&;*;E8$8&;!:)!;28!@*+;*$!e28;28(!:(!&:;!;28!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
85

!US!Department!of!State.!(2009).!Trafficking!in!Persons!Report:!India.!Retrieved!February!4,!2010,!from!
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/publisher,USDOS,,IND,4a4214b4c,0.html.!

\b

:))8&/8(!*7!+:&@*+;8/QD
Short!term0!M%(;&8(!e*;2!/:&:(7!%&/!FGH7!;2%;!%(8!%E(8%/=!*&@:E@8/!*&!;(%*&*&-!
9(:78+#;:(7!O>%&E%%95!?FHLNQD!.&!9%(%EE8E5!*/8&;*)=!9(:78+#;:(7!;2%;!2%@8!<88&!7#++877)#E!
*&!%;;%*&*&-!+:$98&7%;*:&!):(!@*+;*$7!:)!;(%))*+,*&-!%&/!:;28(!9:7;_+:&@*+;*:&!%+;*@*;*87D!
'2878!9(:78+#;:(7!+%&!<8!#78/!;:!;(%*&!:;28(!9(:78+#;:(7!:(!*$9(:@8!;28!;(%*&*&-!
Implementation! 9(:@*/8/!<=!'BC!%&/!*;7!78E8+;8/!9%(;&8(7D!!
Analysis!
Medium!to!long!term0!H(-%&*i8!%&&#%E!:(!<*_%&&#%E!;(%*&*&-!9(:-(%$7!):(!8))8+;*@8!
+:&;*&#:#7!(87#E;7D!B//*;*:&%EE=5!;28!+(8%;*:&!:)!%!9#<E*+!$877%-8!<:%(/!):(!9(:78+#;:(7!
;:!72%(8!A#87;*:&7!%<:#;!+:$98&7%;*:&!E%e!%&/5!$:(8!-8&8(%EE=5!E%e!98(;%*&*&-!;:!@*+;*$7!
:)!'.M!+:#E/!<8!87;%<E*728/D!!
Suggested!
Partners!

>%&E%%95!?FHLN!!
Conduct!field!research!on!labor!trafficking!

Ranking!

Rationale!

9/16!
L879*;8!;28!9(8@%*E*&-!@*8e!;2%;!;(%))*+,*&-!):(!;28!9#(9:787!:)!+:$$8(+*%E!78f#%E!
8f9E:*;%;*:&!ON>SQ5!:@8(!2%E)!:)!;28!FGH7!*&;8(@*8e8/!*&/*+%;8/!;2%;!E%<:(!;(%))*+,*&-!e%7!
%!$%g:(!%(8%!:)!;(%))*+,*&-!*&!.&/*%D!'28!'(%))*+,*&-!'28$%;*+!G(:#9!466]!:)!>:#;2!B7*%!
):#&/!;2%;!O3Q!;28(8!*7!;::!$#+2!):+#7!:&!N>S!%&/!O4Q!;2%;!;28(8!*7!;::!$#+2!):+#7!:&!
e:$8&D!Z=!7:$8!%++:#&;75!E%<:(!;(%))*+,*&-!%998%(7!;:!<8!*&+(8%7*&-!%7!%!(87#E;!:)!
$:/8(&*i%;*:&P!-E:<%E*i%;*:&5!e2*+2!2%7!E8/!;:!*&+(8%78/!m@:E#&;%(=n!$*-(%;*:&!*&!%&!
8)):(;!;:!)*EE!E:e_+:7;5!E:e_7,*EE!g:<7D!H)!+:#(785!%!7*/8!8))8+;!:)!m@:E#&;%(=n!$*-(%;*:&!2%7!
<88&!%!(*7*&-!%$:#&;!:)!;(%))*+,*&-!):(!;28!9#(9:78!:)!E%<:(!8f9E:*;%;*:&!O;2*7!*&+E#/87!
<:;2!$8&!%&/!+2*E/(8&QD!

Short!to!medium!term0!B7!9:*&;8/!:#;!*&!;28!E*;8(%;#(8!(8@*8e5!E%<:(!;(%))*+,*&-!*7!
7#798+;8/!;:!)%(!:#;e8*-2!;(%))*+,*&-!):(!N>XD!C#(;28($:(85!@8(=!E*;;E8!*7!/:&8!;:!%//(877!
;28!*77#8!%&/!%E$:7;!&:!*&):($%;*:&!*7!%@%*E%<E8!%<:#;!*;D!.&!E*-2;!:)!;2*75!:)!+:#(78!&:!
+:28(8&;!9(:-(%$!+%&!<8!/8@8E:98/D!Z#;!e2%;!+%&!<8!/:&8!%&/!<8!8f;(8$8E=!@%E#%<E8!*7!
Implementation! ;:!+:&/#+;!%!+:$9(828&7*@8!7;#/=!:)!E%<:(!;(%))*+,*&-!*&!.&/*%5!7*$*E%(!;:!;28!?F.CS1!
O466^Q!(89:(;!:&!;(%))*+,*&-!:)!e:$8&!%&/!+2*E/(8&!*&!.&/*%D!'2*7!e*EE!28E9!#&/8(7;%&/!
Analysis!
;28!/=&%$*+7!:)!E%<:(!;(%))*+,*&-5!;28!&88/75!@#E&8(%<*E*;*875!8;+D!
Long!term0!"%@*&-!+:&/#+;8/!;2*7!(878%(+2!%&/!%($8/!e*;2!-(8%;8(!,&:eE8/-8!%<:#;!;28!
*77#85!'BC!+:#E/!E8%/!%!$#E;*_7;%,82:E/8(!+:&)8(8&+8!:&!7;%(;*&-!e:(,!:&!E%<:(!;(%))*+,*&-!
*&!.&/*%D!
Suggested!
Partners!

.&;8(&%;*:&%E!h#7;*+8!1*77*:&5!.&7;*;#;8!:)!>:+*%E!>+*8&+87!OL8E2*Q!

Training!and!sensitization!programs!for!police!and!other!prosecution!stakeholders!(e.g.!prosecutors,!
judges,!etc.)!
Ranking!

10/16!

Description!

'(%*&*&-!;:!28E9!9(:78+#;*:&!7;%,82:E/8(7!%/:9;!%!$:(8!@*+;*$_+8&;(*+!%99(:%+2!;:!'.MD!

Rationale!

B7!*/8&;*)*8/!*&!;28!T8-%E!C(%$8e:(,!B&%E=7*7!O788!Z%+,-(:#&/!L:+#$8&;Q5!@*+;*$*i%;*:&!
:)!'.M!@*+;*$7!*7!9(8@%E8&;!*&!;28!#78!:)!E%e7!%&/!;28!E%+,!:)!78&7*;*@*;=!;:!@*+;*$7K!&88/7!
/#(*&-!(87+#8!%&/!9(:78+#;*:&D!!1:(8:@8(5!<%78/!:&!%!466^!F"RN!7;#/=5!;28!$%g:(*;=!:)!
9:E*+8!9E%+8!mE:en!:(!i8(:!9(*:(*;=!;:!;28!*77#8!:)!;(%))*+,*&-!%&/!\6!98(+8&;!:)!
(879:&/8&;7!/*/!&:;!,&:e!;(%))*+,*&-!e%7!%!+(*$8D!!Z:;2!:)!;2878!7;%;*7;*+7!798%,!;:!;28!

^6

&88/!:)!$:(8!;(%*&*&-!%&/!<8;;8(!78&7*;*i%;*:&!):(!;2:78!%77:+*%;8/!e*;2!;28!E%eD!
Short!term0!'28(8!%(8!78@8(%E!:(-%&*i%;*:&7!+#((8&;E=!e:(,*&-!e*;2!-:@8(&$8&;!;:!;(%*&!
;28!&%;*:&K7!9:E*+8!:))*+8(7D!Z%78/!:&!?FHLNK7!7;(:&-!/87*(8!;:!9%(;&8(!e*;2!'BC5!;28(8!
Implementation! 72:#E/!<8!&:!2#(/E87!;:!'BC!9E#--*&-!*&!;:!%&!8f*7;*&-!9(:-(%$D!!
Analysis!
Medium/long!term0!Z8=:&/!;(%*&*&-!:)!9:E*+85!;(%*&*&-!):(!g#/-875!g#/*+*%E!:))*+*%E75!%&/!
9(:78+#;:(7!*7!&88/8/D!H&+8!9:E*+8!%(8!;(%*&8/5!%!&%;#(%E!&8f;!7;89!*7!;:!;(%*&!9(:78+#;:(7!
%&/!g#/-87!&%;*:&%EE=D!!
Suggested!
Partners!

?FHLN5!>%&E%%95!.B"'?7!

!!
aD]

RS[.SX!HC!.FFH[B'.[S!BT'SRFB'.[S>!

B7!$8&;*:&8/5!'BC!*&/*+%;8/!;2%;!*;!@%E#87!*&&:@%;*:&5!*&!%//*;*:&!;:!m;(*8/!%&/!;87;8/n!9(:-(%$7D!
":e8@8(5!<%78/!:&!;28!(%&,*&-!8f8(+*785!;28!$:7;!*&&:@%;*@8!+:&+89;7!e8(8!(%&,8/!;:e%(/!;28!
E:e8(!8&/!:)!;28!798+;(#$!7*&+8!;28=!/:!&:;!$88;!78@8(%E!:)!;28!:;28(!9(*$%(=!+(*;8(*%D!C:(!*&7;%&+85!
;28(8!%(8!&:!(87#E;7!;:!7#99:(;!;2878!*/8%75!;28(8!%(8!&:!87;%<E*728/!9(:-(%$7!;2%;!:))8(!;28!
:99:(;#&*;=!;:!+:EE%<:(%;85!%&/!7;%,82:E/8(7!$%=!&:;!<8!:@8(E=!7#99:(;*@8!:)!;28!9(:-(%$7D!!
":e8@8(5!<8E:e!%(8!:@8(@*8e7!:)!;e:!:)!;28!$:7;!*&&:@%;*@8!:)!:#(!(8+:$$8&/%;*:&7D!!
Train!rescue!and!rehabilitation!experts!(RREs)!
Ranking!

14/16!

Description!

'BC!72:#E/!;(%*&!):($8(!@*+;*$7!;:!<8+:$8!m(87+#8!I!(82%<*E*;%;*:&!8f98(;7n!ORRS7QD!!
'2878!RRS7!72:#E/!&:;!<8!+:&)#78/!e*;2!9:E*+8!:))*+8(7!:(!7:+*%E!e:(,8(7D!'28!RRS7!
e:#E/!<8!$%&/%;8/!e*;2!7#99:(;*&-!@*+;*$7!<=!:))8(*&-!%&!8$9%;28;*+!7#99:(;!7;(#+;#(8!
%7!;28!@*+;*$!9(:-(87787!)(:$!(87+#8!;:!)#EE!(82%<*E*;%;*:&D!.;!*7!*$9:(;%&;!;2%;!;2878!
):($8(!@*+;*$7!<8!/8/*+%;8/!7:E8E=!;:!.B"'?7!%&/!&:;!%E;8(&%;*@8!FGH!%+;*@*;*87!7:!;2%;!
;28=!+%&!):+#7!8f9E*+*;E=!:&!;28!9(:-(877!:)!;28!@*+;*$7D!!

Rationale!

H);8&5!@*+;*$!(8*&;8-(%;*:&!<%+,!*&;:!;28*(!2:$8!8&@*(:&$8&;7!*7!*$9:77*<E8!*)!;28!
+:$$#&*;=!*7!%e%(8!:)!;28!@*+;*$K7!8f9E:*;%;*:&D!1:(8:@8(5!9::(!8$9:e8($8&;!/#(*&-!
;28!(82%<*E*;%;*:&!9(:+877!E8%/7!;:!$%&=!@*+;*$7!+2::7*&-!;:!-:!<%+,!;:!;28*(!8f9E:*;%;*@8!
7*;#%;*:&7D!C*&%EE=5!#7*&-!):($8(!@*+;*$7!;:!28E9!:;28(!@*+;*$7!;2(:#-2:#;!;28!(87+#8!%&/!
(82%<*E*;%;*:&!9(:+877!*7!+8&;(%E!):(!8$9:e8(*&-!<:;2!;28!):($8(!%&/!&8e!@*+;*$7D!!
Short!term0!X:(,!e*;2!,8=!7;%,82:E/8(7!O97=+2:E:-*7;75!9:E*+85!FGH75!;(%))*+,8/!@*+;*$7Q!
;:!/8@8E:9!%!;(%*&*&-!9(:-(%$!):(!RRS7D!!!

Medium!term:!T%#&+2!%!9*E:;!9(:-(%$!e*;2*&!%!)8e!78E8+;8/!.B"'?!#&*;75!9(8)8(%<E=!
Implementation!
e*;2*&!%!+E:78!9(:f*$*;=!;:!'BC!:))*+87!7:!;2%;!$:&*;:(*&-!%&/!8@%E#%;*:&!+%&!<8!
Analysis!
+:&7;%&;E=!+:&/#+;8/D!
Long!term:!R:EE!:#;!%!&%;*:&%E!9(:-(%$5!;(%&7*;*:&*&-!*;!)#EE=!;:!;28!1*&*7;(=!:)!N2*E/!%&/!
X:$8&!L8@8E:9$8&;!;:!8&7#(8!*;7!7#7;%*&%<*E*;=!*&!;28!E:&-!;8($D!!
Suggested!
Partners!

1*&*7;(=!:)!N2*E/!I!X:$8&!L8@8E:9$8&;5!.B"'?7!
Support!a!government"led!police!incentive!program!

^3

Ranking!

15/16!

Description!

'BC!+:#E/!)*EE!%!&#$<8(!:)!7#99:(;*@8!(:E87!):(!%!7;%;8_E8/!+%72!<:&#7!9(:-(%$!):(!9:E*+8D!
'2*7!9(:-(%$!*7!*&;8&/8/!&:;!;:!7#99E8$8&;!;28!7%E%(*87!:)!9:E*+85!<#;!;:!(8e%(/!;2:78!
:))*+8(7!;2%;!-:!%<:@8!%&/!<8=:&/!;28!+%EE!:)!/#;=!*&!)*-2;*&-!'.MD!.;!*7!E*,8E=!;2%;!'BCK7!
e:#E/!<8!%<E8!;:!9(:@*/8!;28!$:7;!@%E#8!%//!<=!98():($*&-!;28!$:&*;:(*&-!%&/!
8@%E#%;*:&!):(!7#+2!%!9(:-(%$D!!

Rationale!

'28!T8-%E!C(%$8e:(,!B&%E=7*7!O788!Z%+,-(:#&/!L:+#$8&;Q!*&/*+%;8/!;2%;!;28!9:E*+8!%(8!
&:;!:&E=!+:((#9;5!<#;!;2%;!;28=!/:!&:;!9(*:(*;*i8!;(%))*+,*&-!%7!%!+(*$8D!'28!+:((#9;*:&!:)!
9:E*+8!:);8&!*&@:E@87!/*(8+;!+%72!<(*<87!%;!@%(*:#7!9:*&;7p(87+#85!*&@87;*-%;*:&5!;(*%E5!%&/!
9:7;_+:&@*+;*:&D!!'2*7!*&;8(@8&;*:&!%E7:!*$9%+;7!;28!/8$%&/!7*/8!:)!;28!;(%))*+,*&-!*77#8!
<=!(%*7*&-!;28!+:7;7!):(!;(%))*+,8(7!O*D8D!%&!*&+8&;*@8!9(:-(%$!e:#E/!):(+8!;(%))*+,8(7!;:!
*&+(8%78!;28*(!<(*<87!;:!%!@%E#8!%<:@8!e2%;!;28!9(:-(%$!:))8(7QD!!!

Short!term:!'BC!72:#E/!<8-*&!e*;2!%!<%+,-(:#&/!(89:(;!:#;E*&*&-!;28!8f;8&;!:)!+:((#9;*:&!
%&/!;28!%@8(%-8!E8@8E!:)!<(*<87D!!'28!:(-%&*i%;*:&!72:#E/!;28&!e:(,!e*;2!%!9%(;*+#E%(!
L89%(;$8&;!:)!M:E*+8!O8D-D!L8E2*K7!L89%(;$8&;!:)!M:E*+8Q!;:!/8@8E:9!%!9(:-(%$!%&/!78+#(8!
)#&/*&-!)(:$!;28!&%;*:&%E!-:@8(&$8&;D!!'28!9(:-(%$!*;78E)!72:#E/!<8!8&;*(8E=!
-:@8(&$8&;_(#&D!!'BC!+%&!)*EE!%!7#99:(;*@8!(:E8!*&!9(:@*/*&-!*&/898&/8&;!$:&*;:(*&-!%&/!
Implementation!
8@%E#%;*:&D!!
Analysis!
Medium!term:!T%#&+2!%!9*E:;!9(:-(%$!#&/8(!;28!+:&;8f;!:)!;28!.B"'?!*&!;28!78E8+;8/!
(8-*:&!%&/!8@%E#%;8!*;7!:#;+:$87!%&/!98(@8(78!+:&78A#8&+87D!!
Long!term:!!Sf;8&/!;28!9(:-(%$!<8=:&/!;28!78E8+;8/!(8-*:&!;:!;28!8&;*(8!+:#&;(=5!
;(%&7*;*:&*&-!;28!(879:&7*<*E*;=!):(!$:&*;:(*&-!%&/!8@%E#%;*:&!;:!;28!.B"'?7!:@8(!;*$8D!!
Suggested!
Partners!

L89%(;$8&;!:)!M:E*+85!1*&*7;(=!:)!":$8!B))%*(75!.B"'?75!?FHLN!

C*&%EE=5!%7!%!-8&8(%E!9(*&+*9E85!'BC!72:#E/!8&7#(8!;2%;!%&=!9(:g8+;!:(!9(:-(%$!*;!7;%(;7!):(!'.M!e*EE!
<8!%<E8!;:!E8@8(%-8!(87:#(+87!7:!%7!;:!+(8%;8!7=&8(-*87!<8;e88&!*;7!9(:-(%$7D!BEE!%&;*_;(%))*+,*&-!
9(:-(%$7!72:#E/!;%,8!%!+(:77_;28$%;*+!%99(:%+2!<#*E/*&-!:&!8f*7;*&-!:(!):(;2+:$*&-!'BC!9(:-(%$7!
*&!-:@8(&%&+85!E%e5!-8&/8(5!8+:&:$*+!E%e!I!/8@8E:9$8&;5!+:&)E*+;!%&/!)(%-*E8!+:&/*;*:&75!%&/!
*&;8(&%;*:&%E!(8E%;*:&7!;:!)*-2;!'.MD!!1%&=!FGH7!E%+,!*&;8-(%;8/!9(:-(%$$*&-5!*&+E#/*&-!
:(-%&*i%;*:&P/:&:(!%-8&+*87!7#+2!%7!?FHLN!%&/!?FB.LD!'BC!2%7!;28!%<*E*;=!;:!*&&:@%;8!e*;2*&!;2*7!
79%+8!<=!9(:@*/*&-!%!m<87;!*&!+E%77n!8f%$9E8!:)!*&;8-(%;8/!9(:-(%$$*&-D!!B//*;*:&%EE=5!)(:$!%!
<#/-8;P2#$%&!(87:#(+8!98(798+;*@85!*&;8-(%;*&-!9(:-(%$7!%EE:e7!):(!$:(8!e:(,!;:!<8!+:$9E8;8/!
e*;2!)8e8(!(87:#(+87D!
aD\

NHFNT?>.HF!

.&!+:&+E#7*:&5!e2*E8!'.M!*&!.&/*%!*7!+8(;%*&E=!%!):($*/%<E8!9(:<E8$5!*;!*7!&:;!*&7#($:#&;%<E8D!'28!
+:$$*;$8&;!:)!.&/*%K7!-:@8(&$8&;!%998%(7!;:!<8!*$9(:@*&-!8%+2!=8%(!%&/!;28!+:$$*;$8&;!:)!;28!
FGH!%&/!/:&:(!+:$$#&*;=!2%7!&:;!e%@8(8/!/879*;8!)%+*&-!78@8(%E!2#(/E87!*&!)*-2;*&-!'.MD!X*;2:#;!
/:#<;5!;28!(878%(+2!;8%$!)88E7!;2%;!'28!B7*%!C:#&/%;*:&!+%&!2%@8!$8%&*&-)#E5!7#7;%*&%<E8!*$9%+;!*&!
+:$<%;*&-!'.M!*&!.&/*%!*&!;28!&8%(!%&/!E:&-_;8($D!!
!

^4

!
7

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^]

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!

^\

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!

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^^

Law!fails!to!check!human!trafficking!in!Bihar!(2009,!July!31).!Retrieved!November!2,!2009,!from!http://igovernment.in/site/Law"
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nayakam"seva"sangha"cuttack.html!

^a

NGOs!India:Asian!Foundation.!(n.d.).!Retrieved!November!12,!2009,!from!http://www.orissa.ngosindia.com/asian"foundation"
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^`

Swamy,!S.!(n.d.).!Jharkhand!State!seriously!failing!in!protecting!the!Human!Rights!of!its!people!.!Retrieved!November!8,!2009,!
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UNIFEM!(2009).!Anti"Trafficking.!Retrieved!on!October!10,!2009!from!http://www.unifem.org.in/antitafficking.html.!!
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^U

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!

^b

APPENDIX!I:!INTERVIEWS!

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you!have!received!confirmation!for!a!teleconference!with!a!director,!ask!directly!for!the!name!of!your!
contact).!!
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%//(877*&-!;28!*77#8D!
>;%;8!e2%;!=:#!,&:e!%<:#;!;28!FGH!=:#!%(8!+:&;%+;*&-!Ofor!example,!we!are!very!impressed!
with!your!work!in!rural!areas!with!regards!to!creating!sustainable!livelihoods!for!victims!of!
trafficking....).!

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*D X2%;!%+;*@*;*87!/:!=:#!*$9E8$8&;!#&/8(!8%+2!mMrn!!(Particularly!interested!in!
prosecution!and!investigation)!
**D "%@8!=:#!e:(,8/!:&!:(!28%(/!:)!9(:-(%$7!;:!(8/#+8!;28!9(:)*;%<*E*;=!:)!
;(%))*+,*&-r!!!
aD X2%;!%(8!$%g:(!+2%EE8&-87!;2%;!=:#(!:(-%&*i%;*:&!)%+87!*&!*$9E8$8&;*&-!=:#(!9(:-(%$7r!
`D ":e!/:87!=:#(!:(-%&*i%;*:&!+:EE%<:(%;8!e*;2!:;28(!FGH7!;:!(8%+2!%!-:%Er!!!
%D C:EE:e_#9!o#87;*:&7!
*D X2*+2!:(-%&*i%;*:&7!/:!=:#!e:(,!e*;2r!!
**D .7!;28(8!%!7=7;8$!*&!9E%+8!;2%;!-#*/87!+:EE%<:(%;*:&r!
UD ":e!/:87!=:#(!:(-%&*i%;*:&!+:EE%<:(%;8!e*;2!-:@8(&$8&;!%-8&+*87!;:!%+2*8@8!=:#(!-:%E7r!!
%D C:EE:e_#9!o#87;*:&7!
*D X2*+2!%-8&+*87r!
**D .)!&:!-:@8(&$8&;!+:EE%<:(%;*:&5!e2=r!!O*D8D!&:!9:E*;*+%E!e*EEk!&:;!%!
-:@8(&$8&;!9(*:(*;=5!8;+DQ!
bD X2%;!)%+;:(7!$%,8!;28!%(8%!e28(8!=:#(!9(:-(%$!;%,87!9E%+8!%!s/87;*&%;*:&s!:(!%!s7:#(+8s!:)!
'.Mr!
36D B(8!;28(8!:;28(!&:;%<E8!FGH7!*&!;28!%(8%!;2%;!+:$<%;!'.Mr!X2%;!%(8!;28!&%$87!:)!;2878!
:(-%&*i%;*:&7r!
33D X2%;!*7!:&8!9(:-(%$!;2%;!=:#!)88E!e%7!$:7;!8))8+;*@8!*&!+:$<%;*&-!;(%))*+,*&-r!
UD3D] >'B'S_CHN?>SL!
34D X2%;!;=98!:)!2#$%&!;(%))*+,*&-!*7!$:7;!9(8@%E8&;!*&!=:#(!7;%;8r!
3]D X2%;!e:#E/!=:#!7%=!%(8!;28!#&/8(E=*&-!+%#787!:)!2#$%&!;(%))*+,*&-!*&!=:#(!7;%;8r!O;8((*;:(=5!
*&!;28!+%78!:)!L8E2*Q!
3\D X2*+2!/*7;(*+;7!O*&!=:#(!7;%;8Q!(89(878&;!;28!<*--87;!7:#(+87!:(!/87;*&%;*:&7!):(!2#$%&!
;(%))*+,*&-r!
3^D ':!e2%;!8f;8&;!%&/!2:e!/:87!;28!-:@8(&$8&;!7#99:(;!+:#&;8(_;(%))*+,*&-!8)):(;7!*&!;2*7!
7;%;8r!Ocan!they!cite!specific!examples!"""!i.e.!government!gives!$X!annually!for!X!programsrQ!
3aD X2%;!7;%;8!9(:-(%$7!:(!*&*;*%;*@87!+#((8&;E=!+:$<%;!;(%))*+,*&-r!!
%D C:EE:e_#9!o#87;*:&7!
*D "%@8!;2878!9(:-(%$7!<88&!7#++877)#Er!!.&!e2%;!e%=7r!
3`D X2%;!%(8!;28!-%97!*&!*$9E8$8&;%;*:&!:)!7;%;8!*&*;*%;*@87r!
3UD X2%;!2#(/E87!/:!%#;2:(*;*87!)%+8!*&!+:$<%;*&-!;(%))*+,*&-r!
3bD X2%;!;(%))*+,*&-!E%e7!2%@8!2%/!;28!-(8%;87;!*$9%+;r!
46D X2%;!)E%e7!/:!=:#!788!*&!;28!8f*7;*&-!E%e7r!

a3

!
UD3D\ NHFNT?>.HF!
43D
44D
4]D
4\D
4^D

B(8!;28(8!%&=!9%(;*+#E%(!;(%))*+,*&-!8f98(;7!;2%;!=:#!7#--87;!e8!+:&;%+;r!
B(8!;28(8!%&=!9%(;*+#E%(!FGH7!;2%;!=:#!7#--87;!e8!+:&;%+;r!!
L:!=:#!2%@8!%&=!/%;%!:(!9#<E*728/!$%;8(*%E7!;2%;!$*-2;!<8!:)!#78!;:!#7r!
.7!;28(8!%&=;2*&-!8E78!=:#!e:#E/!E*,8!;:!72%(8!e*;2!$8!;:/%=r!
X8!*&;8&/!;:!9#<E*72!;28!)*&/*&-7!)(:$!;2*7!$%99*&-!7;#/=5!*7!*;!:,%=!*)!e8!E*7;!=:#!%7!%!
+:&;(*<#;:(!%&/!*&+E#/8!=:#(!(879:&787r!(Be!Sure!to!Ask!This!Question!)!

'2%&,!=:#5!;2%;!e%7!8f;(8$8E=!28E9)#ED!.!(8%EE=!%99(8+*%;8!=:#(!;%,*&-!;28!;*$8!;:!28E9!#7!-8;!%!
<8;;8(!#&/8(7;%&/*&-!:)!;2878!*77#87D!!
X8!$*-2;!E*,8!;:!+:&;%+;!=:#!%-%*&!e*;2!%!)8e!):EE:e_#9!A#87;*:&75!*7!;2%;!:,%=r

a4

UD4

FGH!.F'SR[.SX!RS>?T'>!

'28!):EE:e*&-!%(8!;28!7#$$%(=!7;%;*7;*+7!)(:$!;28!FGH!*&;8(@*8e!9(:+877!%&/!%!(89(878&;%;*@8!7%$9E*&-!:)!;28!%&7e8(7!)(:$!;28!3b!
*&;8(@*8e7!e*;2!FGH7!(89(878&;%;*@87D!B7!$8&;*:&8/!*&!>8+;*:&!...5!:)!;28!^^!FGH7!+:&;%+;8/!):(!*&;8(@*8e75!3b!(879:&/8/!9:7*;*@8E=D!
B&%E=7*7!:)!;28!*&):($%;*:&!72%(8/!<8E:e!E:+%;8/!*&!M%(;7!]!%&/!\!:)!;28!(89:(;D!
UD4D3 HRGBF.cB'.HF>!.F'SR[.SXSL!
Table!10:!Organizations!Interviewed!
Organization!!
3D
4D
]D
\D
^D
aD
`D
UD
bD
36D
33D
34D
3]D
3\D

"STMPR.>SP>'RSS!
M(%ge%E%!
Z%E!>%,2%!
Z2::$*,%![*2%(!
h%&!!h%-(%&!>%&7;2%&!
M%(;&8(7!):(!T%e!*&!L8@8E:9$8&;!
M(%=%7!
?F.CS1!
?FHLN!
?>B.L!
B&=%=!R%2*;!c*&/%-*!OB(iQ!
h%&!?-%2*!
Z2%(%;*=%!V*7%&!>%&-2!
h2%(,%&/!B&;*_'(%))*+,*&-!F8;e:(,!OhB'FQ!

3^D N8&;8(!):(!X:(E/!>:E*/%(*;=!P!H(*77%!B&;*_'(%))*+,*&-!F8;e:(,!Oh%-&=%78&*Q!
3aD
3`D
3UD
3bD

B+;*:&!B*/!
.&/*%&!N:$$#&*;=!X8E)%(8!H(-%&*7%;*:&!
1%/(%7!N2(*7;*%&!N:#&+*E!:)!>:+*%E!>8(@*+87!O1NN>>Q!
h%<%E%!

Location
B&/2(%!M(%/872!
B&/2(%!M(%/872!
Z*2%(!
Z*2%(!
Z*2%(!
L8E2*!
L8E2*!
L8E2*!
L8E2*!
L8E2*!
G:%!
G:%!
h2%(,2%&/!
h2%(,2%&/!
H(*77%!
>8@8(%E!>;%;87!
'%$*E!F%/#!
'%$*E!F%/#!
X87;!Z8&-%E!

a]

H)!;28!FGH7!*&;8(@*8e8/5!$:7;!2%/!:(-%&*i%;*:&7!:@8(!36!98:9E85!%&/!\!8$9E:=8/!^6!:(!$:(8!*&/*@*/#%E7D!1:7;!2%/!<#/-8;7!:@8(!
?>Lt3665666!98(!%&&#$D!X*;2!(8798+;!;:!*&;8(@8&;*:&75!;28(8!e%7!%&!%E$:7;!8@8&!79E*;!<8;e88&!9(8@8&;*:&!%&/!9(:;8+;*:&!%+;*@*;*87!
%$:&-!;28!7%$9E8!9:9#E%;*:&!O788!'%<E8!33QD!!
Table!11:!NGO!Descriptive!Results!
NGO!Descriptive!Results!
Based!on!19!interviews!
Quantitative!
Representative!Qualitative!Answers
Results!

Question!

How!many!people!in!your!organization?!
6_36!
36_^6!
^6d!!

!
4!
\!
^!

FPB!

What!is!your!yearly!budget?!
?>t6_365666!
?>t365666l^65666!
v!?>t3665666!
What!aspects!of!anti"trafficking!does!your!
organisation!address?!(organizations!may!
work!in!more!than!one)!
M(8@8&;*:&!
M(:78+#;*:&!
M(:;8+;*:&!
N%9%+*;=!Z#*E/*&-!
!

!
6!
]!
a!
!
!

FPB!

!
3`!
`!
46!
3]!
!

Prevention!
!
C:($%;*:&!:)!B&;*_'(%))*+,*&-!X%;+2!G(:#97P+:$$#&*;=!@*-*E%&+8!-(:#97!
!
B77*7;!*&!<#*E/*&-!E*&,%-87!<8;e88&!FGH75!-:@8(&$8&;!%-8&+*87!%&/!$8/*%!!
!
T*@8E*2::/!-8&8(%;*:&!
!
B/@:+%+=!):(!9:E*+=!(8):($!%;!7;%;85!&%;*:&%E!%&/!*&;8(&%;*:&%E!E8@8E7!
!
N:EE8+;!/%;%!%&/!*&):($%;*:&!:&!E%;87;!/8@8E:9$8&;7!:&!'.M!
!
'8E892:&8!28E9!E*&87!):(!+2*E/(8&!
Protection!
!
N%(8!2:$87!
!
N:#&78E*&-!
!
[:+%;*:&%E!;(%*&*&-!
!
R87+#8!
!
>%)8!(8;#(&!!
!
".[PB.L>!;(8%;$8&;!
Prosecution!
!
T8-%E!%*/!!
!
B77*7;*&-!9:E*+8!*&!(8-*7;8(*&-!+%787!%-%*&7;!;28!98(98;(%;:(7!
!
M(89%(*&-!%&/!%77*7;*&-!@*+;*$7!%&/!e*;&87787!*&!/89:7*;*:&7!
!
'(%*&*&-7!;:!;28!9:E*+8!98(7:&&8E!:&!h#@8&*E8!h#7;*+8!B+;!
Capacity"building!
!
'(%*&*&-!9(:-(%$7!):(!9:E*+85!$%-*7;(%;875!9(:78+#;:(75!:))*+*%E7!:)!;28!N2*E/!
L8@8E:9$8&;!>8(@*+87!
!
'(%*&*&-!:)!FGH7!
!
'(%*&*&-!:)!9:E*+8!:&!E8-%E!E%e7!

a\

!
UD4D4 .F'SR[.SX!C.FL.FG>!
!
C*&/*&-7!)(:$!;28!<8E:e!;%<E87!2%@8!<88&!*&;8-(%;8/!*&;:!M%(;!]!%&/!\!:)!;28!(89:(;D!!
UD4D4D3 FGH!MSR>MSN'.[S!HF!FGH!I!GH[SRF1SF'!.F'SR[SF'.HF!SCCHR'>!
Table!12:!NGO!Perspective!on!Intervention!Efforts!
Quantitative!
Results!

Question!
Are!there!other!notable!NGOs!in!the!area!that!combat!TIP?!
W87!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
F:!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
.)!=875!2:e!$%&=!$8&;*:&8/r!
6_^!
^_36!
36d!

Representative!Qualitative!Answers!

!
34!
]!
!
3^!
3!
6!

1N>>!

N2*E/E*&8!.&/*%!

.NNX!

h#7;!'(#7;!

.NXH!

B'>SN!l!Z*2%(!%&/!h2%(,%&/!+2%9;8(7!

?F.NSC!

>%@8!;28!N2*E/(8&!

B9&8!B%9!

>%&E%%9!

h%&!h%-(%&!>%&7;2%&!

>%,2*!

>TBR'N!
!

a^

What!is!one!programme!that!you!feel!was!most!effective!in!
combating!trafficking?!
X2*+2!+%;8-:(=!/*/!;28!9(:-(%$!)%EE!#&/8(r!
Be%(8&877!
M(8@8&;*:&!
M(:78+#;*:&!
M(:;8+;*:&!
S$9:e8($8&;!
R82%<*E*;%;*:&!
H;28(!

!
!
!
\!
^!
3!
]!
4!
\!
4!

FGH!&8;e:(,!%e%(8&877!+%$9%*-&7!e*;2!%!e*/8!
:#;(8%+2!&8;!*&!N28&&%*5!):EE:e8/!<=!;28!):($%;*:&!:)!
+:$$#&*;=!@*-*E%&+8!-(:#97!

C:7;8(*&-!g#/*+*%E!78&7*;*@*;=!;:!;(%))*+,*&-!*&!7#9(8$8!
+:#(;!%&/!2*-2!+:#(;!g#/-87!;2(:#-2!%!+:EE:A#*#$!

18/*%!78&7*;*i%;*:&!;2%;!E8/!;:!-(8%;8(!):+#7!:&!;28!*77#8!

N2*E/!E*&8!9(:-(%$!

M%&+2%=%;!9(:-(%$!*&!Z*2%(!e:(,*&-!e*;2!9:E*+8!):(!
78&7*;*i%;*:&!
!

To!what!extent!and!how!does!the!government!support!counter!
trafficking!efforts!in!your!state?!
G:@8(&$8&;!2%7!$%/8!%!7*-&*)*+%&;!8)):(;!!
G:@8(&$8&;!2%7!$%/8!$:/8(%;8!8)):(;!
G:@8(&$8&;!2%7!$%/8!&:!8)):(;!

!
!
\!
^!
4!

C*@8!(879:&/8&;7!7;%;8/!;2%;!;28!-:@8(&$8&;!/:87!&:;!
2%@8!%!7#<7;%&;*%E!8)):(;!*&!;28*(!7;%;8P;8((*;:(=5!e2*E8!
):#(!7%*/!;2%;!*;!/*/5!e*;2!;28!):EE:e*&-!*&*;*%;*@870!
o

R87+#8!%&/!(%*/75!<#;!;28(8!*7!$#+2!9E%+8!):(!
*$9(:@8$8&;!7#+2!%7!-(8%;8(!+::(/*&%;*:&!e*;2*&!
;28!E8-%E!*&7;*;#;*:&7!%&/!<8;e88&!;2878!%&/!FGH7!

.&!G:%5!;28!-:@8(&$8&;!2%7!2%/!(8%7:&%<E8!7#++877!
e*;2!(87+#8!%&/!(8+:@8(=!:)!N>X7!!

L:*&-!$#+2!$:(8!&:e!;2%&!<8):(8!%&/!;%+,E*&-!;28!
*77#8!)(:$!;28!+(*$8!98(798+;*@8!!

M#;;*&-!%&;*_;(%))*+,*&-!&:/87!*&!9E%+8!
!

aa

What!state!programs/!initiatives!currently!combat!trafficking?!
>;%;8!9(:-(%$7!8f*7;r!
W87!
F:!

!
!
!
34!
^!

^!(879:&/8&;7!7;%;8/!;28(8!e8(8!&:!7#+2!*&*;*%;*@875!
e2*E8!34!(879:&/8&;7!(879:&/8/!;2%;!7;%;8!9(:-(%$7!
8f*7;5!%&/!+*;8/!;28!):EE:e*&-0!
o

>8&7*;*i%;*:&!:)!9:E*+8!98(7:&&8E!2%7!E8/!;:!$:(8!
%/8A#%;8!(8-*7;8(*&-!:)!+%787!

1*&*7;(=!:)!X:$8&!%&/!N2*E/!L8@8E:9$8&;!
O&%;*:&%EQ!2%7!728E;8(!2:$87!*&!7*f!7;%;87!9E#7!L8E2*!

?gg%e%E%!9(:-(%$!

B+;*:&!ME%&!466`!87;%<E*78/!B&;*!"#$%&!'(%))*+,*&-!
?&*;7!*&!/*7;(*+;7!%&/!7;%;87!<#;!*7!&:;!)#&+;*:&*&-!
e8EE!

Z*2%(!"#$%&!'(%))*+,*&-!M(8@8&;*:&!M(:-(%$!
O466`Q!

G:%K7!N2*E/!T%e!
!

a`

What!are!the!gaps!in!state!implementation!of!state!initiatives?!
C#&/*&-!!
Be%(8&877!!
N%9%+*;=!
X*EE!%&/!+:$$*;$8&;!
h#(*7/*+;*:&!
L%;%!!
N::(/*&%;*:&!!
H;28(!

!
^!
3!
\!
^!
a!
3!
4!
\!

T%+,!:)!/8;%*E8/!%&/!+:$9(828&7*@8!/%;%!%EE:e*&-!
%/8A#%;8!;%(-8;*&-!:)!%&;*_;(%))*+,*&-!$8%7#(87!;:!
798+*)*+!E:+%;*:&7!

'28!-:@8(&$8&;!/:87!&:;!+E8%(E=!798EE!:#;!(:E87!%&/!
(879:&7*<*E*;*87!:)!8%+2!/89%(;$8&;!%&/!%99(:9(*%;8!
-#*/8E*&87!

T%+,!:)!+%9%+*;=!<#*E/*&-!):(!+%(8_-*@8(75!8798+*%EE=!):(!
e:$8&!%&/!+2*E/(8&K7!&88/7!

>28E;8(!2:$87!/:&K;!2%@8!2*-2!7;%&/%(/7!

?&7#7;%*&%<E8!9:7;_;(%))*+,*&-!E*@8E*2::/!;(%*&*&-!

.&%/8A#%;8!+:#&78E*&-!78(@*+87!

F:!+::(/*&%;*:&!<8;e88&!$*&*7;(*87!

T8-%E!%+;7!%(8!&:;!e8EE!#&/8(7;::/!

F:;!8&:#-2!9:E*+8!:))*+8(7!

R8E*-*:#7!*77#87!
!

aU

What!hurdles!do!authorities!face!in!combating!trafficking?!
Z(*<8(=!%&/!+:((#9;*:&!
Be%(8&877!
N%9%+*;=!
T%+,!:)!*&)(%7;(#+;#(8!;:!7#99:(;!+:#&;8(_;(%))*+,*&-!8)):(;7!
O8D-D!*&%/8A#%;8!&#$<8(!:)!(82%<*E*;%;*:&!2:$87Q!
C#&/*&-!
T%+,!:)!e*EE!
T%+,!:)!2#$%&!(87:#(+8!
T%+,!:)!N::(/*&%;*:&!
H;28(!

!
!
4!
\!
3!
4!
`!
]!
4!
`!

.$9(:98(!+::(/*&%;*:&!

"#$%&!;(%))*+,*&-!*7!&:;!%!9(*:(*;=!e*;2!;28!9:E*;*+*%&7!

T%+,!:)!2#$%&!(87:#(+875!)#&/7!%&/!$:;*@%;8/!7;%))!

M:E*;*+%E!*&;8()8(8&+8!

T%+,!:)!9:E*;*+%E!e*EE!

T%+,!:)!+E%(*;=!:@8(!;28!9:E*+*87!%&/!+:$9E8f*;*87!(8E%;8/!
;:!;28!*77#8!

[*+;*$7!%(8!%)(%*/!;:!9(:@*/8!8@*/8&+8!*&!+:#(;!%-%*&7;!
;(%))*+,8(7!<8+%#78!:)!*&7#))*+*8&;!9(:;8+;*:&!
$8+2%&*7$7!

.&7#))*+*8&;!)#&/*&-!

.&7#))*+*8&;!e8E)%(8!7+28$87!):(!;28!@*+;*$7!

T%+,!:)!*/8&;*)*+%;*:&!+%(/!7=7;8$!):(!$*-(%&;7!

T%+,!:)!*/8&;*)*+%;*:&!:)!)%,8!9E%+8$8&;!%-8&+*87!

T%+,!:)!)#&+;*:&*&-!:)!N2*E/!R*-2;!M(:;8+;*:&!
N:$$*77*:&P!N2*E/!T%<:(!N:$$*77*:&!

B<7:(9;*:&!+%9%+*;=!
!

!
!
!
UD4D4D4 FGH!MSR>MSN'.[S!HF!'"S!TSGBT!CRB1SXHRV!
Table!13:!NGO!Perspective!on!the!Legal!Framework!
Question!

Quantitative!
Results!

Representative!Qualitative!Answers!

ab

What!trafficking!laws!have!had!the!greatest!
impact?!
.$$:(%E!'(%))*+,*&-!M(8@8&;*:&!B+;!
O.'MBQ!
B+;*:&!%-%*&7;!;28!98(7:&!<#=*&-!78f!
>8%E*&-!:)!;28!9E%+8!#78/!):(!
+:$$8(+*%E!8f9E:*;%;*:&!
H;28(!
F:&8!
!

!
!
U!
!
6!
6!
!
]!
]!
!

H)!;28!(879:&/8&;7!;2%;!%&7e8(8/5!;2(88!7%*/!;2%;!;28!E%e7!2%@8!2%/!&:!
8))8+;5!e2*E8!:;28(7!+*;8/!;28!.$$:(%E!'(%))*+,*&-!M(8@8&;*:&!B+;!O.'MBQ5!
<#;!%(-#8/!;2%;!*;!2%7!*77#87D!!

`6

What!flaws!do!you!see!in!the!existing!laws?!
[*+;*$!9#&*72$8&;!
M8(98;(%;:(7!&:;!+2%(-8/!
%99(:9(*%;8E=!
'28!*$9E8$8&;%;*:&!:)!E%e!
H;28(!

!
!
4!
4!
3]!
4!

M#&*7287!;28!@*+;*$7!*&7;8%/!:)!;28!98(98;(%;:(7!

'28!.'MB!$#7;!<8!7;(8&-;28&8/!%&/!;28&!8&):(+8/!

.&7#))*+*8&;!98&%E;=!%&/!9#&*72$8&;!

M(:<E8$7!e*;2!;28!8f*7;*&-!.'MB0!

L89%(;7!)(:$!;28!%++89;8/!/8)*&*;*:&!:)!+2*E/!

N(*$*&%E*i87!@*+;*$7!

L:87!&:;!$%,8!$%&/%;:(=!9(:@*7*:&7!):(!78;;*&-!#9!:)!798+*%E!
*&7;*;#;*:&7!O798+*%E!+:#(;75!798+*%E!9:E*+85!798+*%E!2:$87!8;+Q!

'28!/8)*&*;*:&!:)!+:((8+;*@8!2:$87!&88/7!;:!<8!+2%&-8/D!.)!
78+;*:&!4O<Q!*7!(8%/!e*;2!4O-Q5!;2*7!2:$8!$%=!<8!+:&7;(#8/!;:!
*&+E#/8!9(*7:&7!

N:&;(%(=!;:!e2%;!2%7!<88&!7#--87;8/5!;2%;!78+;*:&!U!72:#E/!<8!
(8$:@8/!l!;2*7!72:#E/!&:;!<8!/:&8D!'2*7!78+;*:&!*7!+2%(-8/!e*;2!
%EE:e*&-!$%-*7;(%;87!;:!9#&*72!e:$8&5!<#;!*&!)%+;!*7!:&8!:)!;28!
:&E=!78+;*:&7!;2%;!9(:@*/87!%&!:99:(;#&*;=!):(!m(8):($%;*:&n!<=!
78&/*&-!;28$!;:!(82%<*E*;%;*:&!+8&;8(7D!!

>8+;*:&!3^!-*@87!E%(-8!9:e8(7!;:!;28!9:E*+8D!V889*&-!*&!$*&/!;28!
$%&&8(!*&!e2*+2!;28!B+;!2%7!<88&!#78/!7:!)%(5!;28(8!*7!%!&88/!;:!
(8@*8e!9:E*+8K7!9:e8(70!

>8+;*:&!3`!*&!;28!9(878&;!):($%;!$#7;!-:!%7!*;!%#;2:(*i87!9:E*+8!
;:!,889!*&!+#7;:/=!):(!36!/%=7!98(7:&7!(87+#8/!e2*+2!+%&!<8!
/%&-8(:#7!%&/!*7!%-%*&7;!;28!7;%&/%(/!9(%+;*+87!:)!;28!+(*$*&%E!
g#7;*+8!7=7;8$k!*;!%E7:!788,7!;:!9E%+8!%!@*+;*$!*&!;28!2%&/7!:)!
7;(%&-8(7!e2:!$%=!&:;!<8!7#*;%<E8!;:!;%,8!+%(8!:)!;28!@*+;*$!%&/!
$%=!*&!%EE!9(:<%<*E*;=!<8!(879:&7*<E8!):(!;28!@*+;*$K7!+#((8&;!
7;%;#7D!

'28!.'MB!/:87!&:;!+:@8(!@*+;*$!+:$98&7%;*:&!

F:!9(:<E8$!e*;2!;28!E%e7!<#;!$%g:(!9(:<E8$7!e*;2!*$9E8$8&;%;*:&!
!

!
!

`3

!
UD4D4D] FGH!N"BTTSFGS>!I!NHTTBZHRB'.HF!
Table!14:!NGO!Challenges!&!Collaboration!
Quantitative!
Results!

Question!
What!are!major!challenges!that!your!organisation!
faces!in!implementing!your!programmes?!
T8-%E!*77#87!;:!/:!e*;2!E%e7!
.77#87!;:!/:!e*;2!*$9E8$8&;%;*:&!:)!E%e7!
.&):($%;*:&%EPN#E;#(%E!*77#87!
C#&/*&-!
T%+,!:)!+::98(%;*:&P+::(/*&%;*:&!
L%;%!R8E*%<*E*;=!
T%+,!:)!2#$%&!(87:#(+87!
H;28(!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Representative!Qualitative!Answers!

!
!
]!
^!
]!
b!
^!
4!
^!
^!

T%+,!:)!)#&/7!

.-&:(%&+8!:&!;28!9%(;!:)!-:@8(&$8&;!

.&7#))*+*8&;!E%e!8&):(+8$8&;!

>E:e!g#/*+*%E!7=7;8$!

T%+,!:)!9(:98(!/%;%!

T%+,!:)!+::98(%;*:&!:)!+*@*E!7:+*8;=!%&/!7;%;8!

T%+,!:)!9(:)877*:&%E7!8798+*%EE=!)(:$!;28!)*8E/!:)!E%e5!7:+*%E!e:(,!%&/!
$8&;%E!28%E;2!

T%+,!:)!+:$$#&*;=!7#99:(;!):(!(87+#8/!@*+;*$7!%&/!e:$8&!

R8E*-*:#7!2#(/E87!

M(:g8+;7!:)!/:&:(7!%&/!-:@8(&$8&;!:&E=!E%7;!3_4!=8%(7k!&88/!E:&-8(!
*&;8-(%;8/!%99(:%+2!

L:&:(7!:&E=!):+#7!:&!<*-!&8;e:(,7!

L8+*7*:&!$%,*&-!*&!&8;e:(,7!:)!FGH7!*7!e8%,!:(!;::!+8&;(%E*i8/!
!

`4

How!does!your!organization!collaborate!with!
other!NGOs!to!reach!a!goal?!
F#$<8(!:)!FGH7!+:EE%<:(%;*&-!e*;2r!
6_^!
^_36!
36d!
R%&-8!:)!!

!
!
!
b!
3!
a!
4!

'e:!(879:&/8&;7!7;%;8/!;28(8!e%7!&:!7=7;8$!):(!+:EE%<:(%;*:&5!e2*E8!):#(!7;%;8/!
;2%;!;28(8!e8(85!%&/!;2%;!;2878!7=7;8$7!2%/!;28!):EE:e*&-!+2%(%+;8(*7;*+70!
!

X28&!(8)8((*&-!%!+%785!%&!:))*+*%E!(8)8((%E!E8;;8(!)(:$!;28!:(-%&*i%;*:&!*7!
9(:@*/8/!%&/!):EE:e!#9!

Sf;8&7*@8!9(8_+:EE%<:(%;*:&!+:$$#&*+%;*:&7!;:!8&7#(8!;2%;!9%(;&8(!
:(-%&*i%;*:&7!)*;!e*;2!:e&!:(-%&*i%;*:&!-:%E7!%&/!:<g8+;*@87!%&/!
(879:&7*<*E*;=!

N%78_<%78/!+:EE%<:(%;*:&!

H&8!:(-%&*i%;*:&!e:(,8/!%7!%!&:/%E!%-8&+=!:)!FB'>BM!e2*+2!2%7!%!
+::(/*&%;*:&!+:$$*;;88!;2%;!2%7!*;7!:e&!<=8_E%e7!e*;2!(:E87!%&/!
(879:&7*<*E*;*87!

F88/7_<%78/!7=7;8$!

`]

How!does!your!organisation!collaborate!with!the!
government!to!reach!a!goal?!
L:!=:#!+:EE%<:(%;8!e*;2!-:@8(&$8&;!%-8&+*87r!
W87!
F:!
":e!$%&=r!
6_^!
^_36!

!
!
!
!
3^!
4!
!
3\!
4!

3^!(879:&/8&;7!7;%;8/!;28=!/*/!+:EE%<:(%;8!e*;2!;28!-:@8(&$8&;5!e2*E8!;e:!7;%;8/!
;28=!/*/!&:;D!'28!(8%7:&7!):(!&:;!+:EE%<:(%;*&-!e8(80!
!

F:!9:E*;*+%E!e*EE!

F:;!%!-:@8(&$8&;!9(*:(*;=!

'28!%-8&+*87!;2%;!(879:&/8&;7!+:EE%<:(%;8/!e*;2!e8(80!
!

'%$*E!F%/#!C(88!T8-%E!B*/!>8(@*+87!B#;2:(*;=!

1*&*7;(=!:)!X:$8&!%&/!N2*E/!B))%*(7!

>:+*%E!L8)8&78!

N2*E/!X8E)%(8!N:$$*;;88!

M:E*+8!B/@*7:(=!N:$$*;;88!

h#@8&*E8!h#7;*+8!Z:%(/!

N28&&%*!N:(9:(%;*:&!

N8&;(%E!%&/!>;%;8!>:+*%E!X8E)%(8!Z:%(/!

[%(*:#7!+:#(;7!

L89%(;$8&;!:)!S/#+%;*:&!

L89%(;$8&;!:)!"8%E;2!

T%<:(!/89%(;$8&;!

1*&*7;(=!:)!":$8!B))%*(7!
!

`\

UD4D4D\ FGH!MSR>MSN'.[S>!HF!'"S!LWFB1.N>!HC!'RBCC.NV.FG!
Table!15:!NGO!Perspectives!on!the!Dynamics!of!Trafficking!
Quantitative!
Results!

Question!
What!factors!make!the!area!where!your!
program!takes!place!a!destination,!transit,!
or!a!source!of!TIP?!
M:@8(;=!(8%7:&7!
Be%(8&877!%&/!8/#+%;*:&!
N#E;#(%E!(8%7:&7!
Z:(/8(7!
S+:&:$*+!.$9(:@8$8&;P':#(*7$!
N8&;8(!
L8@8E:9$8&;!:)!.'!>8+;:(!
S%7*&877!*&!'(%@8EE*&-!
H;28(!

!
!
!
36!
4!
4!
^!
]!
!
4!
3!
\!

Representative!Qualitative!Answers!
Source!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!

'(*<%E!/:$*&%;8/!7;%;8!
C8e!E*@8E*2::/!:9;*:&7!
T:e!E*;8(%+=!(%;87!
S&;8(;%*&$8&;!*&/#7;(=!
G8&/8(!%&/!+%7;8!*77#87!
N:&)E*+;7PL*7%7;8(7!
F:;!8&:#-2!e:(,!<=!/:&:(7!*&!;28!7:#(+8!%(8%7k!)#(;28($:(85!$:7;!
-:@8(&$8&;!*&)(%7;(#+;#(8!*7!78;!#9!*&!/87;*&%;*:&P;(%&7*;!%(8%75!<#;!;28!
;(%))*+,*&-!:(*-*&%;87!*&!7:#(+8!%(8%7!
!
R8E*-*:#7!*77#87!
!
T8-%E!E::92:E87!
Destination!
!
1*-(%&;7!)(:$!:;28(!+*;*87!%&/!+:#&;(*87!
!
1%g:(!;:#(*7;!/87;*&%;*:&!e*;2!2*-2!/8$%&/!):(!;(%))*+,8/!E%<:(!;:!78(@8!
;28!78f_;:#(*7;!*&/#7;(=!
!
"*-2!7;%;8!GLM!%;;(%+;7!*$$*-(%&;!e:(,8(7!e2:!%(8!8%7*E=!+:&&8/!*&;:!
<8*&-!;(%))*+,8/!
!
G8&/8(!%&/!+%7;8!*77#87!
!
'28!%&;*_;(%))*+,*&-!e:(,!*&!;2878!%(8%7!*7!$:7;E=!/:&8!<=!".[PB.L>!FGH7!
e2*+2!/:!&:;!2%@8!%!2:E*7;*+!%99(:%+2!
!
T%+,!:)!+:$$#&*;=!(879:&7*<*E*;=!):(!7:+*%E!78+#(*;=!
Transit!!
!
1%g:(!;(%&79:(;%;*:&!2#<!;:!:;28(!%(8%7!):(!;28!7;%;8!
!
Sf;8&7*@8!%&/!#&$:&*;:(8/!;(%*&!&8;e:(,7!
!
G8:-(%92=!
!
N:&)E*+;7!
!
L*7%7;8(7!
!

`^

What!type!of!human!trafficking!is!most!
prevalent!in!your!state?!
'(%))*+,*&-!):(!E%<:#(!8f9E:*;%;*:&P!
/:$87;*+!78(@*;#/8!
'(%))*+,*&-!):(!78f!
'(%))*+,*&-!):(!+#E;#(%E!(8%7:&7!
H;28(!

!
!
3^!

'(%))*+,*&-!:)!;(*<%E!e:$8&!%&/!+2*E/(8&!<8+%#78!;28!7;%;8!)%*E8/!;:!
9(:@*/8!E*@8E*2::/7!

C%,8!$%((*%-87!

'(%))*+,*&-!):(!78f#%E!8f9E:*;%;*:&!

>8f!;:#(*7$!%&/!92:;:-(%92=!O9:(&:-(%92=Q!

L:$87;*+!E%<:(!

N2*E/!E%<:(!

'(%))*+,*&-!):(!;28!9#(9:787!:)!):(+8/!<8--*&-!<=!+2*E/(8&!

!
3^!
6!
6!

!
What!would!you!say!are!the!underlying!
causes!of!human!trafficking!in!your!state?!
M:@8(;=PE%+,!:)!E*@8E*2::/7!
Be%(8&877!%&/!8/#+%;*:&%E!*77#87!
F%;#(%E!/*7%7;8(7P+:&)E*+;!
S%78!:)!%++877!<8+%#78!:)!-8:-(%92*+%E!
(8%7:&7!7#+2!%7!*&;8(&%;*:&%E!<:(/8(7!
Z8*&-!;:#(*7$!+8&;8(!
F:&!%++89;%&+8!:)!;28!9(:<E8$!
.EE*;8(%+=!
N#E;#(%E!.77#87!
H;28(!

!
!
33!
\!
\!
4!
!
3!
3!
\!
3!
\!

M:@8(;=!

.EE*;8(%+=!

T%+,!:)!T*@8E*2::/7!:9;*:&7P!#&8$9E:=$8&;!

Z(:,8&!2:$87!

L8$%&/!):(!=:#&-!-*(E7!*&!;28!78f!;(%/8!

F:&_%++89;%&+8!:)!;(%))*+,*&-!%7!%!9(:<E8$!<=!;28!7;%;8!%&/!;28!E:+%E!
9:9#E%;*:&!

':#(*7;!/87;*&%;*:&!)#8EE*&-!/8$%&/!):(!8f9E:*;%<E8!E%<:(!

C%$*E*87!9(%+;*+*&-!9(:7;*;#;*:&!

T%+,!:)!E*)8!7,*EE7!

'(%))*+,8(7!$%&*9#E%;8!@*+;*$7!<=!:))8(*&-!<8;;8(!8$9E:=$8&;!

G8&/8(!%&/!+%7;8!*77#87!
!

`a

APPENDIX!II:!RECOMMENDATION!EVALUATION!CRITERIA!

!
Z8E:e!%(8!;28!)#EE!(87#E;7!:)!;28!9:E*+=!%E;8(&%;*@87!(%&,*&-!8f8(+*78D!'2(88!:)!;28!(8+:$$8&/%;*:&7!;*8/!):(!78+:&/!9E%+8!%&/!;28(8!e%7!&:!
(8+:$$8&/%;*:&!;2%;!7+:(8/!%<:@8!%&!U^5!9:*&;*&-!;:!;28!/*))*+#E;=!:)!$88;*&-!%EE!:)!;28!78E8+;8/!+(*;8(*%!;2(:#-2!:&8!9(:-(%$D!
!
.&!(%&,*&-!;28!%E;8(&%;*@875!7#--87;8/!*&*;*%;*@87!e8(8!-*@8&!%!(%;*&-!:)!6!;:!4!<%78/!:&!%/28(8&+8!;:!;28!*/8&;*)*8/!+(*;8(*:&D!'28!e8*-2;8/!
7+:(87!e8(8!;28&!$#E;*9E*8/!<=!%!)%+;:(!:)!^6!;:!9(:@*/8!%!(%&,*&-!7+:(8!:)!6!;:!3665!e2*+2!*7!$:(8!*&;#*;*@8!*&!*&;8(9(8;%;*:&!;2%&!%!
(%&,*&-!7+:(8!:)!6!;:!4D!!!

``

Table!16:!Alternatives!Ranking!

`U

!
Table!17:!Alternatives!Ranking,!2!of!2!

`b

U6