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1.

INTRODUCTION
Sieve analysis of fine aggregate is an experiment that to determine the size of particle

distribution in fine aggregate by sieving it. The size distribution is often of critical importance
to the way the material performs in use. A sieve analysis can be performed on any type of
non-organic or organic granular materials including sands, crushed rock, clays, granite,
feldspars, coal, soil, a wide range of manufactured powders, grain and seeds, down to a
minimum size depending on the exact method. Being such a simple technique of particle
sizing, it is probably the most common. In this experiment, fine aggregate that will sieve will
divide by size within 10 mm to 75 m. From theory, the fineness modulus indicates whether
the material is well-graded or gap-graded. It also indicates the surface area of the particles.
The lower the surface area of the aggregate, the required amount of fresh cement paste to
cover the aggregate particles will be less and thus less water is required.
2.0

OBJECTIVE
1. To obtain the grading curve of a sample of fine aggregate.
2. To determine the grain-size distribution of fine aggregate.

3.0

MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENTS


1. Balances or Bench scale (Refer Figure 3.1)
For weighing sample of fine aggregate to obtain specific amount of sample needed for
sieve test.

Figure 3.1
2. Standard Sieve
Sieves used for

(Refer Figure 3.2)


separating mixtures

of sample

according to size.

Figure 3.2
3. Mechanical shaker (Refer Figure 3.3)
To shake the set of sieves so that the fine aggregate are
separated according to their respective sizes..

Figure 3.3
4. Container, bucket and shovel
To take the sufficient amount of soil sample for sieve analysis test.
5. Sample of fine aggregate as shown in Figure 3.5.1 and Figure 3.5.2
The materials used in the sieve analysis of fine aggregate

Figure 3.5.1
Figure 3.5.2
4.0

PROCEDURE
1. The sample of fine aggregate were put in the container. (See Figure 4.1)

Figure 4.1
2. The sample of fine aggregate were separated in
the container into 4 parts (quartering process) .
(See Figure 4.2)

A
B

Figure 4.2
3. 500g of sample of fine aggregate were obtained from part A and part B and weight.
The bucket mass were 0.42kg. So, 920g were obtained included the mass of the
bucket. (See Figure 4.3)

Figure 4.3
4. The standard sieve were arranged according to the sequence size from the bigger size
at the top to the smaller size to the bottom. (See Figure 4.4)

Figure 4.4
5. 500g of sample of fine aggregate were poured into the standard sieve plate before
switch on the mechanical shaker. (See Figure 4.5)

Figure 4.5
6. Mechanical shaker were shake to sieve about 7 minutes.
(See Figure 4.6)

Figure 4.6
7. After 7 minutes, the retained sample of fine aggregate were weighted and recorded in
Table 5.0.
8. The results and the analysis of the sieve analysis were recorded in Table 5.0 and
Figure 5.1.

5.0

RESULT AND DATA ANALYSIS

Dry weight of used material


Sieve Size
Mass of

500 g
Percentage

Cumulative

Cumulative

according

retained (%)

Percentage

Percentage

retained

passing

0
4.00
8.00
40.00
72.00
80.00
96.00
100.00
0
400.00

100.00
100.00
96.00
92.00
60.00
28.00
20.00
4.00
0
0

Retained (g)

British Standard
10.0 mm
5.0 mm
2.36 mm
1.18 mm
600 m
300 m
150 m
75 m
Pan
TOTAL

0
20
20
160
160
40
80
20
0
500

0
4.00
4.00
32.00
32.00
8.00
16.00
4.00
0
100

Calculation involve

1. Percentage retained (%) =

mass of retained
100
total

Example :For sieve 2.36 mm ,

20
100
500

= 4.00 %

2. Cumulative percentage retained (%)


Example :-

Note

For sieve 1.18 mm , Cumulative percentage retained (%) =


=

8.00 + 32.00
40.00

3. Cumulative Percentage passing (%)


Example :For sieve 2.36 mm , Cumulative Percentage passing (%) =
=
4. Fine Modulus, FM
FM

=
=

FM

FM

Total Cumulative Percent Retained / 100


0.0 + 4.0 + 8.0 + 40.0 + 72.0 + 80.0 + 96.0 + 100.0
100.0
400.0
100.0
4.00

5.

100.00 4.00
96.00

6.0

DISCUSSION

There are some factors that might affect the loss of fine aggregate of the experiment:
1. Some particles that left in sieve apparatus for previous experiment may drop into our
sample during shaking.
2. The aggregate that used is not really pure and may contain others material such as
dried leave or dust.
3. Some dust or other material that contained in aggregate had lost when the sieves were
shaken and hence affect the accuracy of the experiment.

7.0

CONCLUSION
Sieve analysis is performed on coarse and fine aggregates to in order to check their

gradation. This gradation gives an indirect measure if the workability and average particle
size. Fineness modulus is an index to the particle size not the gradation. In fineness modulus,
the finer the material the more the water demand. The FM should not less than 2.3 or more
than 3.1. Based on the experiment, the fineness modulus is 4.00. The grading curve that
plotted were stated that these sample of fine aggregate were classified between medium sand
to medium gravel.

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8.0

APPENDIX

B
ritish Standard Sieve Size (BS)

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9.0

REFERENCE

1. DAC21103 Geotechnical Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Centre for


Diploma Studies, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia. Amir Khan Suwandi, Ahmad
Hakimi Mat Nor (2015).

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