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Hand
Warmer
Challenge
Challenge
By: Emmy Nam, Mikayla DeBarros, Archer
Leida,
andDeBarros,
Zach Muzzarelli
By: Emmy Nam,
Mikayla
Archer Leida, and Zach
Muzzarelli
Objective
- Design and create a hand warmer
-
- Exothermic results
- Magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride, and
lithium chloride
Value is positive
Spontaneous, exothermic reaction
Heat is released from reaction into surrounding system
Increase of entropy
- Only 5 *C
temperature decrease
after 10 minutes
- Water has high heat
capacity
*May vary depending
on difference of
temperature reaction is
in contact with
- Tested on
countertops, which are
colder than human
hands
Developing Models
Generations I - V
Efficiency of Production
Our hand warmer (with our basic template) and be efficiently created with a group of
two in about 60 seconds or less.
4 seals, 16 mL of Deionized water and 2 small bags of Lithium Chloride
Didnt use products that take time to:
-Absorb liquids
- Raise or lower temperature to create a solution
-
Water is SIMPLE
Future Design
Looking down the road we plan to make three different sizes of hand warmer
Plan on small, medium and large
2 small = 1 medium
1 medium + 1 small = 1 large
This way no plastic is wasted
A small size is meant to either fit a smaller hand size or fit in the palm of
someone's hand
A medium is for all around general size hands (edge to edge of palms)
Large is for larger hands or to wrap around back of hand when used with gloves
Developing Models
This is a picture of our
original design on paper
compared to our final
design. (note the size
difference)
Various Trials
- Different methods to open inner bags that hold salt
- Pop the air in the bag to release the salt
- *Shake and rub the inner bags
Designing Solutions
Function:
- To release the LiCl from the inside the small plastic bags:
- rapidly shake the hand warmer for 10 sec., then rub the
packets for 10 sec., and repeat until the salt is fully out of
the bags and into the water
- This action will open the small packets allowing the salt and
water to come in contact. The benefit of our design is that the
surface area allows for more heat to skin contact.
Lithium
Chloride
1.75 (amazon.com)
0.42 (amazon.com)
4.68 (us.vwr.com)
0.01
1.30 (amazon.com)
3.34 (Office Depot)
20.00 (amazon)
Recap
- Effective
- Once the lithium chloride is combined with the water, it heats up to the
required change in temperature of 20C
- Safe
- The materials we use are safe for human use and are sealed safely to prevent
leakage.
- Environmentally Friendly
- The salts and the reaction taking place in our hand warmer have no negative
effect on our environment
- Inexpensive
- All materials used are of reasonable value and can be purchased easily
Any Questions?
https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1Kmi2_97ulaRlkrhDPY_wuGWwJAFDlIIrD57h3aNt5xI/edit?ts=56ddd3ac#gid=0