InterfacingStepperMotorwith8051usingKeilCAT89C51

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projectkit/)
A Stepper Motor is a brushless, synchronous DC Motor. It
has many applications in the field of robotics and
mechatronics. The total rotation of the motor is divided into
steps. The angle of a single step is known as the stepper
angle of the motor. There are two types of stepper motors
(https://electrosome.com/steppermotor/)

Unipolar

and

Bipolar.Duetotheeaseofoperationunipolarsteppermotor
iscommonlyusedbyelectronicshobbyists.Formoredetails
please read the article Stepper Motor or Step Motor

(https://electrosome.com/wp
(https://electrosome.com/steppermotor/). Stepper Motors content/uploads/2012/06/Stepper
can be easily interfaced with a microcontroller using driver Motor.jpg)
ICs such as L293D (https://electrosome.com/l293d
Stepper
Motor
quadruplehalfhdcmotordriver/)

or

ULN2003

(https://electrosome.com/uln2003highvoltagecurrent
driver/).

DrivingUnipolarStepperMotorwith8051

(https://electrosome.com/stepper
motor/)

Unipolar stepper motors can be used in three

modes namely the Wave Drive, Full Drive and
Half Drive mode. Each drive have its own
advantages and disadvantages, thus we should
choose the required drive according to the
applicationandpowerconsumption.

WaveDrive
Inthismodeonlyoneelectromagnetisenergized
at a time. Generated torque will be less when
compared
(https://electrosome.com/wp
content/uploads/2012/06/Unipolar
StepperMotorWindings.jpg)

to

full

drive

in

which

two

electromagnets are energized at a time but

power consumption is reduced. It has same
numberofstepsasinthefulldrive.Thisdriveis
preferred when power consumption is more

UnipolarStepperMotorWindings

importantthantorque.Itisrarelyused.
WaveDriveSteppingSequence
Step

FullDrive
In this mode two electromagnets are energized at a time, so the torque generated will be
larger when compared to Wave Drive. This drive is commonly used than others. Power
consumptionwillbehigherthanothermodes.

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FullDriveSteppingSequence
Step

HalfDrive
Inthismodealternativelyoneandtwoelectromagnetsareenergized,soitisacombinationof
WaveandFulldrives.Thismodeiscommonlyusedtoincreasetheangularresolutionofthe
motor but the torque will be less, about 70% at its half step position. We can see that the
angularresolutiondoubleswhenusingHalfDrive.
HalfDriveSteppingSequence
Step

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QCM,Hi
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Nowwewillseehowtoimplementthesedrives.

InterfacingUsingL293D

(https://electrosome.com/wpcontent/uploads/2013/05/InterfacingUnipolarStepperMotor
with8051usingL293D.jpg)
InterfacingUnipolarStepperMotorwith8051usingL293D

Thisisthecircuitdiagramofdrivingabipolarsteppermotorusing8051microcontrollerusing
L293D.24MHzcrystalisconnectedtoprovidetherequiredclockforthemicrocontroller.10F
capacitorand10KisusedtoprovidePowerOnReset(POR)forthe8051microcontroller.
L293D is connected to pins P2.0, P2.1, P2.2, P2.3 of the microcontroller and two pairs of
L293DareenabledbytieingEN1,EN2to5V.LogicVoltage(5V)isconnectedtoVsspinand
Motor Supply (12V) is connected to the Vs pin of L293D. Center Tap of each windings of
stepper motor is shorted and connected to the motor supply. Now we can energize each
windingofthemotorbymakingcorrespondingpinofL293DLOW.

InterfacingUsingULN2003

(https://electrosome.com/wpcontent/uploads/2013/05/InterfacingUnipolarStepperMotor
with8051usingULN2003.jpg)
InterfacingUnipolarStepperMotorwith8051usingULN2003

InthiscircuitinsteadofL293D,ULN2003isused.Workingissimilartothepreviouscircuit,
whenaninput(say1B)isHIGHcorrespondingoutputpin(1C)willbegrounded.Thuswecan
energizeanywindingofsteppermotor.

KeilCCodeForWaveDrive

#include<reg52.h>
#include<stdio.h>

voiddelay(int);

voidmain()
{
do
{
P2=0x01;//0001
delay(1000);
P2=0x02;//0010
delay(1000);
P2=0x04;//0100
delay(1000);
P2=0x08;//1000
delay(1000);
}
while(1);
}

voiddelay(intk)
{
inti,j;
for(i=0;i<k;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<100;j++)
{}
}
}

KeilCCodeforFullDrive

#include<reg52.h>
#include<stdio.h>

voiddelay(int);

voidmain()
{
do
{
P2=0x03;//0011
(https://electrosome.com)
delay(1000);
P2=0x06;//0110
delay(1000);
P2=0x0C;//1100
delay(1000);
P2=0x09;//1001
delay(1000);
}
while(1);
}

voiddelay(intk)
{
inti,j;
for(i=0;i<k;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<100;j++)
{}
}
}

KeilCCodeforHalfDrive

(https://electrosome.com/cart/)

#include<reg52.h>
#include<stdio.h>

voiddelay(int);

voidmain()
{
do
{
P2=0x01;//0001
delay(1000);
P2=0x03;//0011
delay(1000);
P2=0x02;//0010
delay(1000);
P2=0x06;//0110
delay(1000);
P2=0x04;//0100
delay(1000);
P2=0x0C;//1100
delay(1000);
P2=0x08;//1000
delay(1000);
P2=0x09;//1001
delay(1000);
}while(1);
}

voiddelay(intk)
{
inti,j;
for(i=0;i<k;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<100;j++)
{}
}
}

Youcansimplifythesecodesusingtheshift(<<>>)operatorsinC.

InterfacingBipolarStepperMotor
Bipolarsteppermotorshavenocentertapandhavingequalcoilresistances.Itcanbeeasily
interfacedwithamicrocontrollerusingL293DDCMotorDriverIC.

CircuitDiagram

(https://electrosome.com/wpcontent/uploads/2013/05/InterfacingBipolarStepperMotorwith
8051usingL293D.jpg)
InterfacingBipolarStepperMotorwith8051usingL293D

KeilCCode

#include<reg52.h>
#include<stdio.h>

voiddelay(int);

voidmain()
{
do
{
P2=0x01;//0001
delay(1000);
P2=0x04;//0100
delay(1000);
P2=0x02;//0010
delay(1000);
P2=0x08;//1000
delay(1000);
}while(1);
}

voiddelay(intk)
{
inti,j;
for(i=0;i<k;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<100;j++)
{}
}
}

YoucandownloadKeilCfilesandProteusfileshere
Interfacing Stepper Motor with 8051 using Keil C (https://electrosome.com/wp
content/uploads/2013/05/InterfacingStepperMotorwith8051usingKeilC.zip)

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usingKeilC
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InterfacingDCMotor
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InterfacingDCMotor
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(https://electrosome.com/interfacing
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dcmotor8051keilc
(https://electrosome.com/servo
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motor/)

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9Comments

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Jointhediscussion
fariqizwan 2yearsago

iwanttoput4pushbuttonasstart,stop,clockwiseandanticlokwise.butigotsomeproblem
howtotriggerthepintoensurethatsteppermotorfollowthepushbutton.ifusingdcmotorit
moresimplejustin1=0andin2=0tostopthemotorandviceversa.canugivesomeidea??
thankyou.

10

Reply Share

Harsh>fariqizwan 5monthsago

YoucaneasilymanageusingMicrocontrollerprogramming

Reply Share

2yearsago

pleasesendmetheprogramfor3stepsperrevolutioninasteppermotorusing8051and
l293d
1

Reply Share

Karan ayearago

Cananyonehelpmetodrivethisbipolarmotorthroughexternalswitch?

Reply Share

chandradheeraj 2yearsago

iusedthethesamecircuitwithl293dand8051andiusedsimilarprogramforfulldrive.
butididn'tgettherotation,themotorisjustvibratingoritjustdeflectsacoupleofdegrees,i
havetriedall24combinationsofinputstomotorthinkingthatthemotorpositionandthe
programshouldsynchronize,butitdidn'tsolve.

whatmightbetheproblem??

Reply Share

febronia 2yearsago

iwanttointerfacesynchronousmotorwith89c51..whattypeofdrivercircuitshouldbeused
forrunnigasynchronousmotor..

Reply Share

Rohan 2yearsago

Hwbigasteppermotorcanbeusedwithuln2003

Reply Share

LigoGeorge

Mod >Rohan

2yearsago

Itdependsuponthecurrentratingofmotor...IthinkULN2003candriveupto1A...so
maximumcurrentlimitofmotoris1A..
1

Reply Share

RabindraMaharana>LigoGeorge 2yearsago

thanks

Reply Share

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