Animalia

Phyla and Taxonomy

Kingdom Animalia
How do you become a member?
1.

All animals are multicellular

2.

All animals are heterotrophic

3.

The dominant generation in the life cycle of animals is the diploid generation

4.

Most animals are motile during at least some part of their lifecycle.

5.

Most animals undergo a period of embryonic development during which two or three
layers of tissue form. Ectoderm: neurosystem, hair and nails Mesoderm: bones and blood
Endoderm: organs, digestive system

7 Characteristics that distinguish phylum

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Tissue complexity
Body symmetry
Cephalization: to have a head
Gastrovascular Cavity: a stomach/ place to digest things
Coelom
Segmentation
Protostomes and deuterostomes

Tissue Complexity
1.
2.

Parazoan:
Eumetazoan: you have cells that work together to create tissues
a.
b.

Diploblastic - 2 germ layers

Triploblastic - 3 germ layers:
i. ectoderm- skin, nails, brain, spinal cord
ii. endoderm - heart, lungs, organs
iii. mezoderm-blood, bone and immune system

Body Symmetry
1.
2.

Radial
Bilateral

Cephalization
To have a head

Gastrovascular Cavity
Gut/ place for digestion

Coelom: an internal cavity filled with fluid

developed from mezoderm
Acoelomate: flatworm
Coelomate: ground worm

Segmentation
Hox genes

Protostomes and Deuterostomes

Protostomes - develop mouth first (radial
cleavage)
Deuterostomes - develop mouth last (parallel
cleavage)
A sphere of cells is called a blastula

Porifera
Feed by filtering water drawn.
Water exists through an opening
called osculum. There wouldnt
be sand if there wasnt sponges.

Porifera Anatomy

Cnidaria
hydrozoans
jelly fish
sea anemone
coral

Platyhelminthes

Platyhelminthes Anatomy

Nematoda

15,000 species of Roundworms.

Nematoda are roundworms.They
have pseudocoelomate bodies with a
complete digestive tract.Many
nematodes are free-living soil
dwellers that help decompose and
recycle nutrients.

Nematoda Anatomy

This epidermis secretes a thick outer cuticle

Long muscles lie just underneath the
epidermis.
The ventral nerve has a series of nerve
centers along its length, and both nerves
connect to a nerve ring and additional nerve
centers located near the head.
The head of a nematode has a few tiny sense
organs, and a mouth opening into a muscular
pharynx (throat) where food is pulled in and
crushed.
Nutrients and waste are distributed in the
body cavity, whose contents are regulated by
an excretory canal along each side of the
body.

Rotifera

Mollusca

Amelida

Anthropoda

Echinodermata

Chordata

Vocab
Autotrophic
Heterotrophic
Diploid -- 2n
Haploid -- n
n= number of copies of chromosomes