Exercise increases the heart rate of a healthy heart.

To meet the body's demand for more oxygen,

the heart beats faster and harder. In an unhealthy heart, the increased demands for oxygen may
fatigue the heart and cause bradycardia, or a slow heart rate.
Other factors
Simply put, when it is hot, the body must move more blood to the skin to cool it while also
maintaining blood flow to the muscles. The only way to do both of these things is to increase
overall blood flow, which means that the heart must beat faster. Depending on how fit you are
and how hot it is, this might mean a heart rate that is 20 to 40 bpm higher than normal.
Anxiety and fear cause the release of hormones that make the heart pump faster and harder to
provide muscles with necessary energy for self defense or escape.
When an infection overcomes the body's defense system, the illness becomes systemic, the
person is said to be septic and shock ensues. As the body loses its battle against the infection, the
circulatory system collapses and heart rate falls.
As your heart pumps, it forces blood out through arteries that carry the blood throughout your
body. The arteries keep tapering off in size until they become tiny vessels, called capillaries. At
the capillary level, oxygen and nutrients are released from your blood and delivered to the
organs.
Blood pressure is measured with an instrument called a sphygmomanometer. First, a cuff is
placed around your arm and inflated with a pump until the circulation is cut off. A small valve
slowly deflates the cuff, and the doctor measuring blood pressure uses a stethoscope, placed over
your arm, to listen for the sound of blood pulsing through the arteries. That first sound of rushing
blood refers to the systolic blood pressure; once the sound fades, the second number indicates the
diastolic pressure, the blood pressure of your heart at rest.
Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg)
The laminar flow that normally occurs in arteries produces little vibration of the arterial wall and
therefore no sounds. However, when an artery is partially constricted, blood flow becomes
turbulent, causing the artery to vibrate and produce sounds.