SHCRET.. SECURITY INFORMATION APPENDIX Vv" dilitery Institute of Foreign Langunges Qlots: Portions of the original report have been paraphrased or summarized. Names of Soviet officers and officiuls have been onitted./ This report contains information on the Willtary Institute of Foreign Languages in Moscow. It was obteined fron x Soviet Officer Geserter who attended the institute from January 1946 to July 1948. « after ten years of schooling, Source was graduated from middle school in the spring of 1945. In August 1945, he took a special course in the Czech lenguige at the Military Institute of Foreign Lengueges and was grecusted with high honors in January 1946. Most of the eradustes were sont to various military units, but Souree's tezcher was able to obtain for iim an appointmont to 4 reguler course at the Institute. Source passed 4 few examinations and wes accepted into the second senester of the second year of the First Faculty, joining & class which had entered the Institute in the fell of 1944. He continued to specialize in the Czech language. Source has given information on the following questions: 1. Mhat Orgenicution controls end directs the Institute? The institute is under the Ministry cf the Armed Forces (iS). 2. hat is the reletion of the Institute with the MGB and other Eg geared eee eee ee egoncies? In some exceptional cases, members of the MGB attend the Incti- tute. Normslly, hoover, UGB personnel attend the MCB's own lengwge Schools. Some UVD officers, principally from border units, attend the school. Institute gradutes may go to the MGB, the Soviet Comeil of Wlinisters, certain ministerios, und the Centre] Conaittee of the All-Union Conmumist Party. 3+ What 1s the over-sll organization of the Institute? “Reference: USFA Report No. R-506-49, 18 Oct 49, Sub: (Soviet) Military Inotitute of Foreign Langueges, (8). Appendix V 29 Page 1 , SHERET SEGERITY INFORMATION.SECRET” GECURITY INFORMATION Under the Commanding Officer and his Administrative Steff, the Institute is divided into four Faculties. Bach Faculty gives & different kind of generul course, with individusl veriations in eack student's course according to the language he is studying. (Comments So far as cen be gathered from Source's description, a Faculty is similar in nature to 4 College of an American univereity.) Each Faculty has an administrative staff. The teaching staff for ell four Faculties is divided into 15 Departments according to the subjects teught. tute. 4. Give the Commend and Administrative Staff of the Ins! (Note: Namez omitted here.) Chief of the Institute Doputy Chief for Educational and Scientific Matters Chief of Educational Department Chief of Political Department Chief of the Personnel Department Chicf of the Adinistrative Depertment 5. Give the Orgenization, Functions, and Personnel of the four Faculties. fs. ‘Tho First Faculty supervises the courses in all Burorear languages. Stuionts in this Feculty are trained to become quilified translators and interpreters. Chief of the Faculty -- Colonel. Agsistant for Politics) Matters — Lt. Colonel Assistent for Edueaticnal Watters -- Captain Chiefs of Courses -~ Colonels and Lt. Colonels b. The Second Faculty is similar in curriculum to the First except that ite stwents specialize in Orientel lengusges. Source does not know the staff... c. The_Third Faculty is the School of the Main Political Admin— istration /Directorats/ of the armed Forces of the USSR (GPR VS SSSR) « Ut treine officers us political workers, speaking foreign lenguges, to work a6 Communist agitators end propagandists. Source dees not imow the staff... « ci. The Fourth Faculty trains personnel to touch English, German, and French at the various military schools end acsdenies. Chief of this Feculty is a Colonel. . . . Aseistant -~ Lt. Colonel. Appendix V Page 2 30 aeSECRET SECURITY-INFORMASION ‘ 6. Give tho Various Departnents of the Tenching Stef? und their Personnel. aces (Note: Soureé was able to name only,& part of the personnel. ali Names ere eliminated hers.) & Werxisn-Leninism Departwent Ghief: Colonels Fivo Instructors: Lt, Colonels ¥. Politicul Beonony Departnont Che? and three instructors e+ English Language Depertuent Chief end four instructors French Longuage Department Chief and two instructors 8+ Romance Languages Departnent f. Slavic Languages Department f; Qmesrian and Finnish Langwges Department he Oriental Lengmges Deyersoont j:, Ruselan Langueges and Language Study lethods Department f+ Wlidtary translation Depeenect k, Militery Tactics and Operations Department i. Orientation Department a n General and Netionsl Literatures Departnent Pedagogical Department 7. Mhat are the two tliscelaneous Courses referred to in No. 3? nee hlaneous Courses referred to in No. 3 (Noto: No. 3 contains no reference to "miscellaneous courses," an fracsion which may heve been made whon the ordginal report wag translated and edited.) varinue'e 18 & spectel officers' course at which Selected officers jrom various branches of the immed Forcoe stuly several subjects. The ‘gusge is the main subject. Others are Warxism, the Russicn ies and the krned'Porces of the United Stator ene Great dD. 4 corresyondence course in foreign languéges is given to certain officers on duty elsesheres 8. How long do the Vertous Courses Last? ft the time Source was a student at the Institute, the courses in the First, Third, ond fourth Pacuitiog dested four yezrs. The course Gf the Second Feeutty incted five yoors. Beginning in the fall of 1949, fhe courses of the First and fourth ‘Seulties wi1l be lengthened to five years. There will be no gradusting classes from these courses in 1950. The special "Officers! Coursel! Loses tro years. 5+ Hom sre the school years divided? Appendix v isa Page 3 SECRET SECURIT Y-INFORMATIO) 7Sener SRE FORMATION: » ach echo) year is divided into two senesters. One senester pogina in August and ends in December with mid-yoer eeninaticns, beens aby g vecetion of about ten days. ‘The Second, senester ‘vegine joneheuary aad ends in carly sumer with yearly exaninattone- Students te portage e poriod of training ino military canp or other practical work, followed by @ one month lesve. stitute see: tudents for the At the tine Source nas a etulent, menbers cf the Arsed Foree® wot ay tuvilinns were aconptes by the Institute. Source mxnoete th wee itwey only military personnel will be accepted, Military Pereonnel have to go through several steps Delors peceprance. First PerSODe eu the Ensidiute visit ell Wilétary Districts (on Fronts) cee echect possible candidates fron records Kept at heacquartert” These ane eect Phen take an exenination in the Eussian lengunge-| "ose pasaing this test go to the Institute for more Geteiled examinations. creceseful candidates must pose tests in the Russian Lengesee and seeceture (corresponding to ten years! schooling), GeoetePhy» and History of the USSR. . . + Conetines examinations in 9 foreign Lenguage end in ewrrent events. Stuients for the Third Feeulty aro selected only by the Hein Politicel administration of the Armed Forces. 1. How many stutents are ut the 1 nevitute? at the tine Source wes a stwlont there, the Institute had betnecn 2,000 and 2,500 students in attendance. Source’s ehass had between oe endo etulenve, but classes in the verious Faculties o1 fer in too nemo Fourth faculty had the fewest students, About, 100 English- syecking stwients are graduated each year. 12. What perce fails to gredunte? hat reasons? tage of euch cl petneen ten ond fifteen yer cent of each class fails te graduate, the najority for scholastic deficiencies. On sever? occasions, stucents the mejerrty to other iilitery assignnents before completing their courses ben though they had not failed their courss. 13. How efficient is the teeching of the Institute? The teaching 4g partly good and partly bad. Source hound that the Bnelien teacher, was very good end his wife was poor. Bone of the precurtes syouk the lenguege they studded very well. | Ovhere speck sur ertoingly badly. . +. Ho Delieves that tho average suulerty of Englich Weik woll and fluently, but with en accent, pnd could nov PEAS 8 imericene of Englishnen. : ' Appendix 32 Page 4 oR. SECURSEY-INFORMATION inSECRET SaGURTAC INFORMATION 14. How and where ure gruductes assigned? : How und where ure grudustes 7 Gredustes"or the First snd Second Fuclilties uy be sesigned to cretttone with cay brunch of the sraod Porces; with one. of seneat Mppipteries, including tne MGB, or with tae Contrel Cosmittes oe the fiyuntcn Coununist Party. “Source knows that gresteioe have been. + ipoiened to ouch various positions us the staff of « tenn division; fhe State of the Foreign Relations Doyer tment of the Ministry of Armed Terie gthe Stele of a Wilitery District Commancy uae service in the United States and Wexico; with armed Forces intelligence wits in CiEuaRY ane austrins With militery attache staffs; Sod eine repatriation gissious in lestern Europe. Gradustes cssigned to tre Soviet New may serve xboard ships er with naval headquarters. The’ various agencies needing graduates fron the Institute come rouate metieute late im the school year (gril, ie soueate cust) to Soniuet interviews with fourth-year students who are nee alrealy eer- fenkeg for assignment. ‘at the end of the term, gredusies revolve orders {ya the Generel Steff giving their ascigments.” Somes received orders nie Wart te the Personnel administration of the GRU; there te was given his syecific assignnent. Gredustes of the Thire Faculty are given their assignnents by the dein Political jaministretion Directorate/ of the Armed Forces. Gruduater gf the Fourth Rocuity are theoreties!ly te be assigned to texching languages in various armed Forces achoels. tn practice, however, many SE trig menmcteuching vositions. For examle, eight temen graduates cious faculty eve attached to the Soviet Elesont or om allied Com sission for qustria. 15. are eny intel uses given et the Institute? mace given et the Institute? lic botusl intelligerice courses are given ut the Institute. Sone f the courses cre indirectly helpful in’the treining of an intel] tence Sificor. Source states that during the war Gonleut Bijazi, the Conmsnding oat fe of the Institute, attenuted to ongenize severed courses in adcition fo the ones now existing. Of these, the Seventh Faculty was a special intelligence course.” This experiment did not succeed, and after a few months, the Institute reverted to the original tow Faculties. 16. Bo military intelligence officers, other than those sluted to be interpreters, attend the Institute? No. They study lenguages in other schoole, 17. Bo graduates who have been earmarked for usei nment. with Milita: grad ve_been_esrnar or_ussignnent. with Military intelligence receive any intelligence training? No. They yo cirectly to their assignnente without further training, Aypendix v 7 Page 5 33 ORS R Laie SEGURELINGORMATION :SECRET-~ SECURITY INFORMATION 18. Is the coumanding officer of the Institute « military intel~ Ligenes officer? Is the chief of the First Faculty? Yes. In both cases. 19. Whet are the State examinations given to Institute stuwlents? How many of then ere there? Ab the end of their last year, students at the Institute must pass two or three State examinations, depending upon the Feeulty which they heve attended. These examinations cover the student's entire course, First Faculty stwionts must pass examinations in their main lenguge and in Marxism-Leninism. Second Faculty students take examinations in two lengmges . . . a6 well es in Marxisg- Leninisa. Stulents in the Fourth Faculty take exsninations in Pecsgogics, in e foreign lenguge, und in Marxign-Leninisn. 20. What are tho students! military status? all students et the Institute receive uiiforms immedietely upon acceptance, but they hold the rank only of "specinl student (slushatel) until they pass their second year. They ere then conmissioned Junior Lieutenants. Gradustes receive the rank of Lieutenant. Zl. Net pay co students recetve? Students receive 300 rubles ¢ month during the first year and 450 rubles éuring the second. During the third yeur, they receive the pay of Junior Lieutenants holding the job of squad leader or section leader -- 400 rubles monthly base pay and 650 rubles for special job pay. Fourth year stulents receive 400 rubles base pay and the 750 rubles special job pay to which an assistent company commender is ontitled. Graduste Lieutenants receive 500 rubles base pey plus the special pay of the position to which they are assigned. Source received 1,150 rubles special pay as an interpre- ter who hud graduated from the Institute (non-Institute translators receive less special pay). Militery personnel entering the Institute continue to receive the pay of their last assignuent if that is higher than they would receive at the Institute. 22. Vhat recreational facilities are aveilable at the Institute? Club and recreation rooms . . . various sports . . . drane cirele, band... + 3h Appendix V Page 6 SECRET SECURITY INFORMATIONSECRET SECURITY INFORMATION 73. What subjects did stwionts of the First Peoulty study during Source's attehdande et the testi tines First Your — Pirst Sesester: 1. Foreign Language (Phonetics, Grammer); 2. iterciam- Teninisa; 3. iititery Topoaraphys 4. Literature of #nctent Greece end Rona; 5- gonteuperary Russian Literary [aneweos 6.” Orientation -~ Gobel: Political Geography (general histories!-georraphicer Teview of ths world, Gageee, the USSR); 7.” Introduction te Language Stuiy (Linguistics); 82 Statins Speeches and Orders dealing with the "Great Fatherland wasn (This was & wartine study only; it 18 now combined with Marxisn-Leninisn.) Second Sonester; i. Foreign Language; 2, Marxien-Leninisn; 3. tecties (Use of personal weapons, driv regulations, infantry Squads and sections in attack ant Gefense); 4. Literature of the iliddle ages; 5. Contemporary Russien Literary Uengusges 6. Oniontation - Pinsiack end Economic Geography of the World excent USSR; 7, Introduction to Language Stuy. Practical Training: ape first year examinations, {he Students sttond « military training camp for practical Second Year -- Third Semester: dy 2) and 5. Sane as second Semester: 3. Tactics itilitery History up to the Giert Wer in Russia (1918-1922); 4. Literature of the 18th Century; 6. Orientation ~ History of the stuient's epectet comtry, 2, Fourth Stnester: 3+ Some (ineluting tii tary Translation); "2. Sane; 2,4 Tegties (Principles of Warfors infentry “company end battalion in combat, both offensive ‘and defensive) ; 4. Literature of the 13th Century; 5. Orientetion (sone es before, consintwe)© Practical Traini Students after the Second Yoer Training Cenp for continued infentry drill and an oxexin- ation in Tactics. ~third Year -- Firth Sonester; }s Foreign Language; 2. seme (at present terse sam Teninisn is not taught artes Second year); 3, + Appendix 5 SEGRED~. SECURSKINDORSEA TION ,wt SeeRET— SSCURITSINE “TION Political Beononys 4. Litereture of the 2oth Century; 5, Orientation ~ Political snc Governnental of the 5s goatis special country; 6. Tectdce (St0¥ of the stwltary forces of the United Stetes and Great Britein}s 7, Second Foreign Langwmege- Sixth Senestert 1 dy end 3. Same s6 above; 4. Audldery TOY (in be arse cose, study of old Slavic and olé Crort Lengwege, qheory); 5+ Orientation - Litereture of student's spociel cetry, 6. Second Foreign Language. Practical Training: after the 3¢ Yours students are Eijeed inthe eunmer in a cyectel Job, £6 obtain practical cet ee tithe use of their foreign lenges. Sore trent avnonth with MVD Border Guard tF00h® £8 the Slovak- cue erder. Ho actually did this efter his Second Year. vy « cage not norual+ yourth Year -- Seventh Sewestert 1. foreign Language (with enphacis on style), a. Trens~ Zitson fron Language into Russiany be Trenslation fron Rektian dato Language; 2. Sanes 3. Sane; 4e Orientation- Geecrapny of the United States end Great Briteins 5+ Second Foreign Language jiter finishing and pessing the fourth Yer examinetions, stuients ce given sbout, one month to prepere for he State examinations. After wre fon these, the students receive thelr Qiplomes end avait further sesiguments pu. (Mewes of fellow stuients and prosent, assignnents. Deleted from this sppendix-) ereSECRET “SECURTTF INFORMATION APPENDIX vr DOCUMENTARY EXCERPTS, SOVIET METHODS oF INTERROGATION for the most part, of gation. Part ‘Iwo presents Bens of the Soviet Union Treatment of Prisoners. Urless prisoners offer stubborn Fesistance at the time of capture, their lives are spared, no matter whether they are officers Crenlisted aon. Officers aro sent to army headquarters after a brief interrogation at division. From erry, they are shipped to Sssembly comps. Enlisted nen, unless they can reveal. important information, are shipped directly to the assembly camps after their interrogation at division, German prisoners of war aro allegedly Rot used dn industry one sericultume because of the danger of *Source: Interrogation Rotor? gtd 28 Deo 42, in 6-2 File of Bth Assault Division, 1 ¢, enen ~ Vernehningen, 12 vity TLL 942, Appendix yr Item 1 Page 1 37 ao SRCURICY INFORMATION sSQUIUTY INFORMATION ings of ‘Sb aloe S gubotage. Subject clains ignorence of deliberate shoot! prisoners, although he wae impressed. with German experiences to the contrary. (fiotor ‘The need for prisoners os Laborers quickly over- cono Soviet fears regording sabotaged]ether the £284 ictem‘ogutton cones the second one... , frestment tecones nore and more Severe. . . . Threuts are uttered shold mike you dence the rascigt trot." This meens that the victin, Gescved ine fur cost, is tomced to double-tine for hours in « vory hut roe, Hf the prisoner refuses to comply, he is placed into contine- Mets +6 The place of confiuenent. . . 48.4 derk stone dungeon, fumished solely with « bench-of stone or iron. The floor is covered with sharp-odged stones, The victim, cled only in ‘switning fruks, is thhom into this room, rp he stands, the-soles of hig feet bart, and the bench is too cola to permit sitting down. the only deys the air becor comes alnost intel. end after « few the fivet stegs of interrogation NES conducted in the olloming Bionert T had to ‘sit dom on « stool, Sitting at rigid attention "ith the ars hanging dom, I spent 108 hours muinteining this Posture. I collepsed trice, und the Subsequent broaks are included An the above period. thé’ guara Personnel saw to it that I neither Slept nor.moved. (adeotding to navn Teguletions, this kind of torture is permissible up to 180 hours.) ifter I had spent tuo days in this position; 1 felt terrible pains in the abdonine) region, und pSoures: | "Bolshevist Torture stethees" and "Interrogation lethoas Am the USSR" in dntd—Komintern Fils, "der Rote Terror IT! (het Terrer II), wap Tie/aa- ~ Appendix VI Ttem 2 39 a S8eRrey SECURELY. INGORDE STRBorer SEGURITY-INFORMATION$ in particuler in the region of the Kidneys: = hends end feet enolled considerably... . After 108 hours, I was tele beck 40 the prison nore dead than alive, Walking was out of the questions uy feed had sncllen out of shepe. Each step, each movenenty caused unbolievable pain. T enjoyed a respite of five days. ‘Then the procedure of sitting on the stool started anew. This time, only about helt of tho stocl was to be used. The feet had to be stretched out. yes tortured in this manner over a period of 62 hours end wes then permitted to recuperate for three days. on the night of the fourth day . . . begen the second stage of tnterrogation, I was permitted to sit dom but only in such ¢ manner that ay covey rested on 6 corner of the stool. ly hands and feet nore to he stretched out. After only « few minutes, T felt oxerusiat ing pains in the spinal colum. These pains dncreased immeasurably since I was positively prohibited from noving. After approcinately elf an hour, the hands and fect showed the first symptons of CPeRR- sy nustering every ounce of energy, I sat, An this popstion f° two hours and forty ainuteb:” then I was returned to the Gel) where I again spent @ month. iver that, Interrogstions sterted again. At this pointy the interrogator tried to elicit the ‘statenents he wented Hy owbjecting ne to sunlanp treataonts (one lamp shone on the wight and another oP no left oide of ay head). After approxinately to and a Ral? Row Sy the absiity to think is conpletely arrested. When this, too "8 of no avail . . « my hands were ticd ehind my back. My hands were Pee. sapuRere-tZORMATIONSTCRET SECURITY INFORMATION slowly raiced by means of « simple pulley unt{1 I could stent omy on the tips of my toos. I wus forced to remein in this Position for over an hour, ‘hereufter, I enjoyed another respite of three weeks. Twas subsequently subjected to the third stuge of interro- Baton, the so-called "conveyor interrogation! (« Russian term Reaning “conveyor belt" interrogetion, that 4s, ty severe intor- rogators). It was conducted in the presence of four interrogetors. Twas placed cn « stool adjacent to a wall. I was faced by three interrogators, one sitting in front of ms and the others on either Side. T wes asked whether I had finally thought over the points of the indictment and would affix my signeture. Since RY answer was "no," the interrogator receted to it with the method of indoctrination which he considered appropriate. The interrogator sitting in front of me shoved ny forehead in such « munner that the back of ny head hit the wall. Then the intorrogetor who sat on my right made ny heud veer to the left by hitting its right side. The interrogator sitting on ny left followed his example, co that they carried one Veriseble handball game with uy head. Incluting interruptions, Guring which I was confronted with the seme questions time and again, ‘nis gone lasted for approxinutely one hour, fs late as a wok after this treatment, I vas, understandable enough, in no condition to suster one coherent thought. In this munner, I wes forced to sign confessions which did not contain one word of truth und Which, in their entirety, did not correspond to the fects, Ba aesonly experienced tho interrogation methods cited SEGUBLEY.INFORMATION aL Appendix VI . Ttom 2 Page 3SECRET... SRCURITY INFORMATION . kt the sbove in the course of my one-year pre-trial confine uane bine, I should Like to state thot they constitute only part of the various interrogation methods practiced by the NAVD. T was told, for instence, by fellow prisoners that they had been whipped with etocl scourges, Others were confined in the so-celled "molst ungeon." By nesne of these asthods of oxtortien, the NKVD is undoubtedly in 4 position to obtein ony confession it desires. M. L. Engincer 42 Appendix VI . Ttem 2 i Page & SECRET... SECUBETYINEORMATIONSECRET SECURIFNFORmaTiON Iten 3” foto: te source of this report wes Prt Alexei Lewin, Russian (Don Cossack) PH, formerly of the 193d Special Penal Company of the 127th Infentry Division (Red arny) pe Interrogation Methods ++ + T order to foree a prisoner to give information, there As @ method of making the prisoner ait for deys "at attention,” ‘hat is, without any sleep, The prisiner 1g closely guarded and +8 prodded as soon as he falls asleep. ‘nother method is to make ‘the prisoner stsnd for Five days until aie Legs are 60 swollen us to becone berrel-shuped and the blood Springs from the veins. stila Snother method calls for torturing the prisoner with electricity. Electrical contacts are strapped to the Prisoner's throat and stomach ond he 48 exposed to a current up to three minutes. A doctor checks on Row much current the prisoner can stand. fhie Process involving electric curent is repested after a fen minutes and thereafter again and again. Other methods in Russian jalle involve resorting to Starvation end rubber truncheons... The prisoner has experienced these methods himself and has seen his comrades subjected to then. “Source: Interrogation Report, dtd 19 Jul 4h, in G-2 file of WOQVIT Panzer Corps, July 41. Appendix vr 43 Item 3 Page 1 SECREL.., SECURERY. INFORMATIONSECREE ~~ SECURITY. INFORMATIO! ang _oresent Incotion of Gerumn PRs Nearly 211 prisoners of war were interrogsted briefly at rogimentel heudquarters aud then handed over to the Spectal Sections of tne nxvp {50 NEVE. this unit confined them tn various prisons | ss Sone prisoners rere trotted hunanelys others in « barbarian nunner with devices custonery im the NKVD: uninterrupted interror gation by day and night, poor food, crowded-Living in small cells eithout sufficient sir end sleep, frequent compulsion to testy accompanied Wy throats with firearms... - [i subpequert passese (Section ITL) eltes several specific instances of the shooting of cernan prisonere,/ sgource: Report on the Germen and Romanian Prisoners sree in Sovestopal," dtd 6 Jul 42, in Gra file of Eleventh fany, aniagentend )3 am Tustiekel tsbericht Te/i0, Behanduune Geutscher Kef. 6.Vip.~2.UIIT1942. | This is © eonsoLideted report compilea by the 6i'7th SLi police Detachment and is based oa the statements of eighty Russian prisoners. Appendix VE Mh Item & Page 1 SECRET SECURITY INFORMATIONSECRET. SSCURIFY INFORMATION Item 5 Alote: the source of this report was Lt. Admirani Shelemberidse, Russian (Georgian) deserter, formerly a nestor of Section 7 of the Political Directorate of amy Group Crine./ M1 prisoners, after a short interrogetion at division level are turned over to the intelligence section / RUT of the army group (front). The Leapturing] Woops are not permitted to decide the fate of the prisoners and therefore do not Jeiow about the prisoners! lot /Subsequent to evacuation. Interrogation at the intelligence, section (Razvedyvateint Otdel) dealt with cuostions of a military nature, such as organization /oF eneny units/, eneny intentions, strength, ete. Subsequently, prisoners were turned over So Section 7 of the Political’ Administration. Hore, they were interrogated on the politicel attitude and the norale of the eneny troops and questioned for purposés of ot taining meteriel for leaflets. They were also interrogsted on the effect of jesflets’ which had been dropped Joy the Russiens/ on eneuy troops. After the: arrival: of Mechlig Zixmy Conmissar, ist Grade, n thes Political "Directorate of Avny Group Orimes7, sluost 211 prisoners were shot after interrogation. ‘Souress Interrogation Report, dtd 22 day 42, in 6-2 file of Eleventh ary, Elgore Sofanvenen-lernohmangen, To/a0, 10.¥T.1941 ~ 20.X.1%2. 7 Appendix VI Tten 5 Page 1 45 BCRET S8CURITY INFORMATIONSkeRET SECURITY INFORMATION Mary prisoners who refneed to ghvesixformtion whom Antorrogated by the intelligerce seotion wore sl FR [acuree of this report] does not know haw the interrogation by the Sntelligense section was conducted. on 7 of the Political During the interragetion by See’ Directorate, prisoners vure not treated bedly, When « mem or of Group Weklis, sush es Brigade Ceaissar Vesselov oF Senior mettalion Comisser Senoylev, vee prosent during an interrogsti oly tho prisorors were abused end threstened if they Gd not testity as duatred by the aomissers however, they rere hot deters Mase priscnora who showed conssdvrsble firmness or these whose tee tinony was very edventagoous to the Soviets, were turned over te Meohlis, personally far purposes of intorrogetion, After the interregs tion nes terminated, the prisoners wore gonereily turned over to the morning by the headquarters heedquerters guerd and shot the follow eeruandunt of the Amy Group, Coptein Zisko (formerly « BesprSscrAe [Russien term for outlew kameless weifs.]), who was a sediste he exeoution tock place et the Leninskoye cenctery. During tho time thet heteguarters wae Zecsted it deninskoye, ‘aporaxinetely sixty Geman prisouers wore reeekvede Forty ef these ter (sourae] does are definitely known'te heve been shot. The dese ct know the fate ef thé roncining trenty. He assumeny ROMeVETs deat apprexinately’ ton nore prisoners were ghot amd thet omy thu eneinine ton wire eveouted to Kereh ved ov £9 upvorosstyek+ opengis VF Ttom Pee 2 a6 (SEGRET SEGURITYINFORMATIONSECRET’ SsCURITY INFORMATION Item 6 » Poring # Roseien breskthrough on 27 tisroh 19h2, 1 wes “entared by the Bussiens together with twonty-four men, incluaing our company commander (et Lt, Fechrmuna), a saster sorgesnt, and three erent gt toe Stnelloe cepbarey tri mgi aed iaeee at belongings, Song thom e sum of 175 retchs marke. At the prisoner collecting Point to which I wis tekou, T joined several soldiers fran othor Sere eee ne Metta tomstt i reatthorg tee yeree (eee head- Gertere ferther to'the rerr. ‘There we vere Anterrogstud ingividuelly °Y s Jemish sommissar who apoke ouly broken Goran, We wore housod in two stoem bethhouses (sews). Ye were Soper tod, for the time being, fron Lt. Feehrmam. The firet meal we received on the dsy of our os pturo wee at 10 etelook in the sveningy The meal consisted of potato soup with © little meet £3 6 pleve of breed, When ell prisoners hed beun assembled in one house, @ leat= 4 Propercadict wes handed to us. ALL Leb composed by @ knss prisoners wore required to sizn this lesflet, 4 refuse] would ce wires ohGPOrt OF the Enemy Sttuetion, etd le aprti, in ooo File ef VIX Corps, Lappe TIt, anlage tee Revigkoitaberichte, te, Eelulnicheleneeiblectten, St,ite Way seater Aimee 3 to Tike alo aerate © Gepoeition, ate TT ae ey Trae thlede BON bs experience in furean aevttyie ene fram thie sunox tmot the ebove peecugee naan cepeeT Appendix VI Tten 6 4a Pege 1 SECRET. snefRiTy INFORMATION‘ORMATION SECRET SECURITY IN neve been useless, Deccuse in this event wo would keve been shots me leeflet ste ted sonet 5 ant treetment in gy ebout good reth nussien capt exd sorething to the effect thet Germn prisoners newt hed not been shote would not be mistrested ord that our 14 mon Ives teken to tho commisser to be interroge ted, he offered me cooscse to ell a etmiretha end seke4 ne te ooo azose to the stove where ih ves soot in acdition to the interrogs ting ccmtaser, ery ro uniformed girls (studente) end e women in cist |. they wore telephone operators and & scoretery, shem rolled € cigerettc for me fran the respect’ Borore the interro~ proffered tobacco since I wee wsble to do potion ber n, T told the eowniscer thet I was hungry whereupon he directed one of the giris to herd me © few slices of breed with putter suo sevsege fron his trams the questions which the commisser put Fo me during the eupet Interroge tion dae] only with porsoral Gets ond infomation volatiwe to nerbere of ny fonily. During the sevond interrogeticny anieh took place et night, Ives asked acout the foltaning: 1. The food situstions 2. The morele of the tropes nuineen offirer’ end enlisted mers 3, Releti Appendix VE Tten 6 Page 2 LsSECRET ~ seCURITY INFORMATION Tn reply, I furnished the following informations # Bel. Good Ag 2 the morale of the German poopie and of the Wehrmcut 48 00d. The people and the Wehrmacht hee Seite in their Fuenrer 2 5+ I pictured the relationship with our conpany conmender end termed it good, The questiorswas put to me whether I would be willing to "etumn $0 the Germen Lines in order to eseertain the attitude of the troops snd, in eppropriate ceses, perduede soldiers to desert, ™ the event T accuptod tie offur, Tama to Proceed slong the following leess Initially, T wes to concert ay PY status end Loterm@ine the ettitude of the soldiers to be approselieds Only thon wee T to porsuede dissetisfied «lencute to desert. In doing so, 1 me to depict cousitions 1 hed experionoed in Russien captivity. Fesked for time to ponder # reply to this requests [the subject had en opportunity to consult with his conpeny comendor whe ed vised him to protend acoeptence so that he could notify reletivee f the fate ot fellow prisoners end inform his divielon ebout eneny intentions.) “hen I'wes Led before the conmissar ond replied in the ran ten en oReCrPE fron & deposition of e Gomen enlisted mn who hed retuned to the Germen 1 is doubtful thet no ie telling Appendix VI Item 6 Pese 3 SECRET . sefUriry INFORMATIONSEGRET SECURITY INFORMATION aitinmtive to nie question about ny willingness to uédertske Sh? ateston, I had to signe certifierte, In eaaition to en outline @ my mission, this certificete conteined & dhrestening stetement te the verfect thot my perents would De shot upon the successful eor- einsion of the wer by the Ruseiens should I feil to roture from this mission, If T exsouted ny mission cuscessfull¥r Tams to receive preference with regird to quarters, trar tment and work. Apter Thad signed the certificate, the cormisser seked me whether qwonted to heve 611 of ay soney beok. T replied thet L would leeve this to his judgments [tn the ovening of thu day efter his captures the subject nas teken dy sled to the recr, Ia one villege which he passed he sew lunge concentretion of perbissne and soldiers During the tized log of his trip, he wes wrepped in & shelter helt to prevent hin fron identifying bis surroundings. Srriving et Bs destinetion, the suoject wos led before & Rusoien captain who pricfed him on pis mission with, the help of # sepr the eaptein pointed out the locetion of the prisoner's bettelion hetdguerters end directed him to return within ten to fourteen dys. After the briefing, subject received his peyvook end 75 reschs nerks end wes given & esis Subsequently, he ws returned by sted to the front end peleesod close to the Gener Lines] Appendix VI Item 6 Peek 50 SHPGRET EQURITY INFORMATION,SECRE T SECURITY INFORMATION ten 7 * Srentment of German Prisoners of Wer tan Prisoners of War Zicte: The source of the first cited report is Major Vassiliy rongrev, Russian Pi, formerly a mentor oo the 1o27th Infentry Reginent of the 198th Infantry Divicion: The source of the second F bt, Bogdanov, Russian deserter, formerly @ +h Infentry Fogiment of the 198th infantry Li] swierey saw Gernen Prisoners of wer end deserters at his regimental cP... in June of this year LUZ. te Personally attended the interrogation of two German Prisoners. These particular Prisoners and deserters belonged to the Izist Infantry Division. Av regimental and divisional level, priscnors and deserters are briefly interrogated. on the sane Ys they are sent on to ary there the detailed interrogation takes place. Until they reach Sry level, prisoners and deserters are not separated. They receive the sane rations as the Russien soldiers, ‘Treatment of German Prisoners by Russian officers snd enlisted men up to aray level 48 ellegedly good. They are permitted to retain insignia of rank, decorations, and personal property. Sudarev did not witness the nistreatnent or shonting of German Prisoners of war and clains that such excesses do not occur... , Questions Aloe: ten Pusetin pe German prisoners by he the fact that the Ger response!/ “Source: Interrogation Report, dtd 19 det 13, and Interrogation 20, Report, dtd 2 Oct 43, in G-2 file of Aray Group North, Te/; Kef'.-Vernehmmgen 1 26.VITT 12,401.23, SEGRE T SEGORITY INFORMATION eee sat 51 em 7 Pege 1 ern saan tere aicntionad about treatment of Selans, they practtcally almays enphasi aod ns were treated humanely —~ an undergtenaatin ~SECRET SEGURITY INFORMATION BB] Bogdenov saw . . « approximetely ten German prisoners of war in February of this year /1943/. The feaptwing] wits took the prisoners inmedistely to division, where they were questioned for the most pert in the presence of the division connander. Ke /PR7 uttended several interrogations. During the anterrogation, treatment 1s not bad. Cigarettes are offered; the prisoners are permitted to sit and are innediately given something to cat. Interrogations last at least three hours. During euch intorrogetions, question are ssked converning, smong other thingSy tne Jlernax] reaction to Russian leaflet propaganda and the norale and food situation in Germany. In most instances, Germen prisoners givo only little informetion and reply mostly with: "= don't, know." 11 prisoners which Bagdanov saw made u very good impression on hin» Rogdanov states that he does not know of any pressure having been applied in order to ineresse the prisonors' willingness +0 testity. the prisoners are subsequently, sent on to army where further inter- rogation takes place. Wounded prigoners cre allegedly adm’ tied to hospitals where they are kept coperate fron the Russians- The seme holds true for sick prisoners. Bogdanov heerd nothing abou! the shooting of German prisoners. - + + Appendix VI ‘sften 7 52 Page 2 re ete SECRET SECURITY INFORMATIONSECRET SECUREFY INFORMATION. . ten’ a* a Treatment of Captured duxiliary Russian National serving the Germans/ by the Russiens LNote: The subject of this Téport was deserter Mustefajev, formerly a member of the ‘ith Independent Pons] Company, 1539 infantry Renlecemont and Training Régimént. Muc ‘ajev, who had served tha Geruens as an auxiliary, was capterad by the Russiens, bui managed to escape to the German lines. GPhe auxiliary wes interrogated by the Special Section. The Gernan prisoner hud apparently been questioned as to whether the auciliery ned mistrested Russian prisoners; in any event, the interrogator put'on a Mm ow of knowledge." During his evecustion to corps heud- Guartere and upor'his'errival, the auciliary was repeatodly besten. fore he was ogain interrogated, confined to « coll, and finally assigned to « ponel company7 When /Gornen? Corporal Kruse of the ist Company, 552d Infantry Regivont, iid the subject of ‘this report Lenitiary tustafajey7 "aw csptured ty & Russian petrol in front of the Geriuen MIR, they mere Annediately gagged’ and their hands t1ed behind their bucks. fter they hud retinmed to the Russian MIR, they wero immediately taken to the CP of the 200th Infantry Division. Five officers, wider the comand of & major in the Intelligence vervice, received them in a “Ker with shouts of joy sbout the successful petroling mission. Corporat: Kruse had to placo nis Personal belongings on the table: cna Watch, three lighters, money, and £' pistol. the nsjor *Source: Interrog tion Report, dtd 22 gan U., in G-2 Pile of Ze/ a0, Gefangenen-Varnch angen, 15.25T,03 ~ 6.TIT. hh, mgax VE Iton & SECUIITY INFORMATIONSECRET SREURHTY INFORMATION eppropriated the weten, one Lighter, and the money The remaining tens also disappeared innedietely. ‘Then the two prismere Wore asked a fon brief questions, Cpl. Kruse wes asked sbout his mit amd the eusiliary was oxenined in order to escertain whether he nore the slecve insignia of the "Vlessovzy." He was asked whother he belonged to thea. During this questioning, the malor repeatedly slapped his face, seying at the same tine thet Re would not beat the German soldier, because he could not be held responsible for having to fight. Then, waite bread, @ piece of bscon, hard tacks half a pel of soup, and two cigarettes were brought in. During tae meal, the two prisoners were permitted to talk to each other again the swiliery was ecoused of being 4 Voresove? fftussov aan/. The najor then asked the auxiliary hon long the Gerazn Webrmacht intended to fight. Subsequently, the major led the t¥0 prisoners before the division consonder. The general asked: "Are oth of them Krauts? . . . /Turning to the awciliary/ "An, you heve become a turncoat you cannot even be recognized." The two sen were then deprived of their winter camouflage suits end mention was nade of the fact thet the suits would be useful to the /Russian/ troops in future operations. The general then turned to the subject of this report: ‘iow did you bring yourself to betraying YouS nother comtry? . - - 80) you have becone & Dobrovolee Frolunteer/2" yes." ‘Hon many prisoners are over there? Mhy aié you not desert to the partisans or to the Red Army? So, you were & Viessover, hppendix VI 5h Item 8 Page 2 SEEREE SECURITY INFORMATION >SECRET SSCURIT ‘Y INFORMATION Did you ever see him /General Viussov/2 Will the Germans continue * fight? How 4s their food situation? How ubout: their transportation? Have you been able to ascertain anything? Do they get mail or don't, they? hat do you think about Berlin? Hes 30 por cont of the town been destroyed by boubs? .Do you mow Berlin well? Do you know that there wes a conference in Iran? And how does fitler feel with his troops being surromded? Subject replied thst he had served with the train end had no Imowledge of all these things. Deserting was not a very simple matter, Nin other words, you only worked /for the Germans. fm. Ho... You may smoke. ‘Then the duxiliery was token to the "Special Section" and aia not see the captured German soldier again. . . , : Appendix VI 95 Item 8 Page 3 SECRET SECURITY INFORMATION“ rd me ATTN SEGRET SECURITY INFORMATION a Iten Fote: ‘The deponents, Pvt, Milhelm Hulzenge and Pfc Wilhels srenerét, hed been captured by the Russians and hee returned eontee Gorman Lines. A letter of transmittel by the G-? Section to ine Colth Infantry Division stetes thet the two soldters creme’ with en ospionage miscion and that the depositions returtetneir having committed high tresson, x8 show in Se Gepositions, the two soldiers were confronted with each other's seen ty the investagating officer, and severe] discrepeicls stortfound. Since the two soldiers had formerly helt. Dutch and wore fveitizenship, respectively, it appears thet thein loyalty Folish ctfered very doubtful. The final disposition of the ase wee eentidicated in the document, eside_from the fect thet the two coldiers were turned over to COrpés, Deposition of Wilhelm Huizenget «We did not resist at the time of capture. We wore innediately aisarneds al] utilitarian erticles and velubles were taken’ eway fron us, ond we wore stripped of our fur vests and drawers. I retained my identification tag for the tine boing. Then we Were transported to the nearest locality and taken before an officer (1ieutenent). ‘The latter called for two additions) officers and a conmissar holding the rank of a captain (Commissar severt). tie wore questioned ebout the artillery of the "Doghesd" and ghamrock" Divisions and also about the number of vehicles /in these civisions/. hen I wes asked to nane my unit, I complied. I was usked about my regimental counander, whos I did not know. then questioned sbout the morale fof the Germens/, I stated that it was good. I furnished information on vation allowances to the extent that they sere known to ne. [nade these statements without conpalsion, 45 to ay Source: Depositions, dta 20 Jan 43, in G-2 File of Zouth infantry Division, Awlagen ui Tactigkeltsbericht, Abt. Te. bm ageband 1 PKI de — 24.043. Appendix VI 56 Item 9 SECRET © SECURITY INFORMATIONSECRET SECURITY INFORMATION nationality, I stated thet I was a Gernsn end concealed ay former Duteh citizenship. Gonnent of officer taking Huizenga's deposition’ when exception was taken to this statement, Huizenga denied thet he had informed the Russians of his former Dutch nationality. The soldiers of German nationslity were evacusted further to the rear, whereas a former Pole and I stayed with the Russians. The Pole spoke perfect Russian. The comissar then told us that German soldiers holding the rank of sergeant and above would be shot. Lower-ranking soldiers would be evacuated to the rear to perform lator. after approximately one to one and a half hours, two additional prisoners were brought-into our room. One of them was a Ist lieutenant, whose exact neme I cannot recall - I believe it mas Balling - and the other was a private. Soth wero monbere of e Luftneffe construction battalion. According to their state- ments, both had removed their own rank insignia. Theso two mombers of the Nehrmacht were also interrogated individually. Later, two more prisoners were brought in, among thom the privete first class paned Willi /Pfe. Wilhelm Schwerdt/, with whoa I was later sont back to the German lines. ‘This pfe. was from Ketowice and was later called "Polski" by the Russisns, a fact which nade me assume ‘thet he hed formerly beon a Pole. After we had spent the night in another building, the next morning . . . saw us marching south wider escort together with the infantry... . On 18 January, st noon, seven of the prisoners . . . were separated /from our shipment/ Appendix VI Itea 9 37 Page 2 SECRET SGCURITY INFORMATIONSECRET SECURITY INFORMATION and evacuated. Pfc. Willi and I were held back. I was called to the commissar and was requested to write a letter to my comrades— "Dear comradest in-arms. Its contents was tc be soaething Like’ thi: I am prisoner of the Russians. I sm faring Very well indeed. Food aud drink ere good. ‘Treatment ty the Russian officers wes not ss bad as you were always told. I am not sorry that T have become a prisoner of the Russians. Surrender if you én, and the wer will be over for you." This letter was read to me. “at first I refused to write this letter and was sent back /€o my roon/. Shortly there- after, Pfc. Willi, who had remained in the officers! room, retuned to me in order to teke me to the conmissar. When I asked him what I should do, Pfc. Willi said that I had to write the letters other~ wise I would be shot. hen I came to the room, I wrote the letter full name. Below that'I added: "Read and and signed it mith pase on." I had to write this letter ten tirles.. Pfc. Willd took those letters without voicing eny objections. I had the impression thet he knew what to do with then. When I asked hin to what use these letters were to be put, he told me thet I should not talk so much and that we would go back /to the German lines/ that night... « Zine deposition states further that the two soldiers were teken to a senior Russian officer, who had « talk with Pfo. Willd. Shortly thereafter, they were taken to the bank of the Donets and issued & rifle euch but no snmunition. The German lines were pointed out to them, and once they arrived there they identified thenselves as Appendix VI Iter 9 58 Page 3 &&CRET - ..SRCURITY INFORMATIONSECRET ECURITY INFORMATION Gorman solders, Questioned about the letters, Auizenge re- Shereted that he had followed Willi Schwerdt!s inetructione for fear of being shot. He elso stated that Schwardt ané not the commissar had acque ed him with the mission of ers: ig over to ‘the German lines. When confronted with Schwerdt, Huizonga denied that the comuisser had entrusted hin with an espionage n! steted thet Schxerdt had informed hin of the mission Deposition of Wilhelm Schwardt ++. hen I stepped out of the house, I was teken pr: we by the Ru ns. Aithoush I had 8 weapon, I did nob make use of it tub Let mysolf be captured Sthout offering resistance. I was taken in 4 car to & Gemsn-spenking officer ~ I believe he wes @ captain - who internogsted me. Uy paper: were taken aay fron me, I was ucked ehout my unit and gave the number of my division. When asked about the morale of the /fornan/ troops,,I suid that dt was nob particuisrly good. To & question about frostbite, 1 replied that its incicenve was not very great. I coulé not furnish eny informa tion ubout artillery. I reported the strength of our company as, ninety men. is for the adjacent unite, I possessed no information. Iwas asked whether officers known to me were anong my eight fellow prisoners, anu I replied in the negative. I deseribed the food Situstion as very good. We were then taken before a comissur, wao ssked the same questions. One day, I mas again called before the commissar, since I speak a little Russian. He requested no to cross appendix VI Then 9 Page 4 SECRET SECURITY INFORMATIONSECRET SECURITY INFORMATION " over to the Germen Lines and retum after I had reconnoitered the FGernep] units in that sector. I accepted this mission. Pvt. Huizenga was asked the same question, and he, too, declared himself willing to carry out the mission. Thereupon we were given & werm neal. The other prisoners were fed in the sane manner. We were requested to write u letter to the German soldiers. I refused beccuse Se ny poor handwritthg. Hulaenga Lmnediately conplicd with this request. He wrote ten letters with « pencil and later two additional ones with ink. I took these létters, having been charged by the comnissar to distribute then anong my /Germex/ comrades. We. « were subsequently teken by two Russian soldiers . . . to a captain, who gave us Aore detailed instructions rogurding our way to the German lines. Benwerdt's account of the line-crossing agrees substantially with that-of Huizenga. The latter, according to Schwerdt, burnt the letters behind the German lines. When confronted with Huizenga, Schwerdt again sdmitted to having accepted the espicnage mission. fis edvice to Huizenga with regard to writing the letters hed been: aqt's up to you." When writing’ the finel two letters with ink, Huizenga wae esked whetherhe wanted to participate in the espionege mission and repliga in the affirmative. The deposition also brings out that Gchneret?$ nane wag formerly Schweda and that he was a Polish citizen. He.te°@lleged to have concealed the former ‘ané to heve denied the latter'flcl wnile testifying, for purposes of the deposition. ‘The concluting peragraph of the letter contains & reiteration of s) SECRET. SECURITY INFORMATION = spresiix Item 9 60 Page 5 Sotmerdt's denial to"have advised the writing of the letterS8CRETS SECOREMPINFORMATION Item 10» Wote: the two depouents, Pfc. Sinon kyr end Fre. Brino Bittner, hed eset ped fron’ Russian ceptivity end nere required to record their experiences. ] Depovitions of Pfc, Simon Meyrr +++ Tes surrounded on e11 sides. Fourteen Russiars pouneed onme, hit me in the neck three times with rifle butts, end Fobbad me of my personel posseesions (wrist wstch, comb, mirror, ete»). Four or five of then led me to,en officer, who tock my Paybock, knife, field esp, end gloves, avey from mess « One guard marched mé to West Potepov. Enroute, pessing Russiens kicked me. . and jeéred“et me, saying thincs such es "Hitler koput.e” In test Potopoy Iwas locked into e celler for the time being. Here I met ny buddy, Pfe. Bittner, gains two, guards were posted before the celler door, After ebout en hour and @ helf, we were taken from the celler, énd/interrogeted individuelly in a room, (Bsttelicn CP?) The intorrogation was conducted by an interpreter, « comisser, “and two officers, the interpreter spoke good Gernen aid did not have the oheraeteristics of « Jew, *Souree: Deposotion, dtd 22 ven 3, end Deposition, dtd 29 Jen Ls, in G-2 File of 620 Infentry Division, Abt 1 ¢, Tectigkeitebericht pit anlesen, LVIIh2 - 28.11.13. appendix VI Item 10 Page 1 61 SECRET SECURITY INFORMATIONSHORTT SaSORY Y INFORMATION. Prior to the interrogation, Iwas werned ty the interro- gator approximately a2 folloas: "I cell your attention to the fact thet you must tell the whole truth, Should we catenaish “he opposite, you will be shot." the interrogation covered epproxinately the following ‘gestions: Personal dete, my reginent, the strengeh of the conpeny, the memes of the comending officers, and our heaty tngentry weepors, Since ny answers were nislesding and 48d vot eopear pleuelbie, they held e pistol against ay chest three tines during the interrogation. After the interrogetion, my money (soseretchanorks) ae nell es the rest of my persons belouginks (lighter, flints, ete.) were taken eray fron ne. ‘The interroge~ tion had 1ésted sbout half en hour. Thereupon, 8 guard took me pack to the ooller, to which Pro. Bittner, too, had been confined agein. about noon the next dey, @ truck took us further to the rear, provebly to roginentel headquirters, There, Pour offivers interrogated ne agin along the sexe Lines as before. While they 416 so they twice held @ pistol egelust me chest after the interrojation, Iwas locked with Bittner and enother recently naded comrade into # cellar Sone time later, a conmisaar cons. - fo look after us. We asked him for foods, = + Later, mle of our guerds bended: up © fer apocnfuls of soup end wotsltces of read, ht 2000, guerd marched us further to the reer Enroute, Appendix VI teen 29 Page 2 62 SECRELW..... SECUREAHINFORMATIONSbGRET...... SECURPE INFORMATION ‘ne guard, who, spoke some German; told us that we would go to Siberda, Lack.of wetchftilness on the part of the guard enabled us to coununicate with each other, and we decided to gain "liberty or death,” When the guard cane as close as cne meter, we pounced on hin, snocked hin unconscious, and fled... . LPeponent and his comrades were separated while trying tc reach ‘the German lines. Mayr joined e group of isolated Gernans, with Whom he fought his way back to the German outpost: Wal Depositicn of Pfe. Bruno Bittner: Gore: Bittner made two separate depositions regarding his experiences 8 2 Russian prisoner of war —~ on 27 Jan 43 and agein on 29 Jan 43. The two depositions, both of which are contuinel an the original source, agree on all essential points. The second ohe was more detailed and wes therefore selected for inclusion in this appendix. & comperison of Mayr's and Bittner's depos! tion shows ituyr in a rether unfavorable light. The reaction of the investigating officer may bo judged fron his coneluling remark on itiner's deposition, in which the latter is described ws an up. right and soldierly individwl./ On the day of my capture . . . I was to relieve & nechiné gunner... . Three men in camouflage suits approached me. . . . When they faced me, one of then raised his hends, anc it wae only then I saw their Russian burp gums. Thoy grabbed ne imnediately, Searched my pockets, and took my cigarettes away. ‘Then they took ne to tho nearty village (Nerch.Potapoff) on the Donets. There Twas interrogated by en interpreter end an officer. ..°. T wag asked wnat part of Germany I wes from and whether my parents vere Appendix VI Item 10 Page 3 63SEGRET SECURITY.INFORMATION Living. When asked atout my company, I answered that I belonged te Company "Schenke." I elso told them, upon being asked, the number of ay regiment and division. When they wanted to know the name of the division commender, I replied that at first it hed been General Keiner and then General von Obstfelder. I cleined thet 1 did not know the names of their successors. [Recording to the deponent, further questions dealt with the whereabouts of German soldiers and tanks on the nest benk of the Donets, thé nunber of guns, the strength of the complement in the German-occupied village, the armenent of the complement, the strength of the squade, and the presence of field fortifications./ I stated that there were still some old fortifications around. In reply to the question whether there were any bunkers which could ‘be improved on, I said that there were two on the hill which ve wented to fix up ue Living querters. They wrote thet down innediately. Then they asked about morale. I told then it wes not very high at the monent. When they ceked me whether any of our men wanted to desert, I told then that I did not imow. They also questionea ne about our rations, end I told them that we received half & loaf of bread per dey, thet the mid-dey meel wus good, end that we gob enough to eat. ‘They both replied thut Kuselan soldiers got « whole lof of bread every dey. hy enewers wore rather vegue. . . . The interpreter told me that I would be taken to a prisoner-of-war camp where we would got Appendix VI tem 10 64 Page & SBORET SECURITY INFORMATIONSECRET ~~ SECURIEY-INFORMATION snough to eat and to syoke as well us off-duty tine and whore we would be employed secording to our occupations. ‘The Interpreter spoke good German. Before the interrogation ‘hey dia not threaten to shoot me in case I did not tell the ‘ruth. They did not level a pistol against ay chest, either. After the questioning, they tok my pupers, paybook, purse, and match. ile each got u piece of bread. About 2200, I was taken once more from the celler in omer to bandage two wounded fellow prisoners. I don't know who they were. eyr and Cpl. Braw: were in the cellar with me. We then slept until morning, At 0600, we and the two wounded prisoners were put on truck und driven twenty ktloneters due east to the reur. Before we jeft, we mere told that we would be shot if we made an attempt to “scave. We were then taken to another commund post, Teginentul headquarters. There me were ugein interroguted by an interpreter, © captain, and seversl connissers. The questions were She same es before. I gave the sane answers. Afterwards, ve were ‘gsin locked into @ cellar, given stram to lie on, a container of cabbage soup and meat for the three of us, and plenty of brecd. Gfater, « conmissar cane dom to see them und talked to the corporsi who knew sone Russian. Subsequently, the conmisser left, enly to return und shout an obscene threat.7 Ne then slept sgein until evening. bout 2000, @ Ukrainian guard -- who seid he wus from Charkov —- came to got us. He merehed NS Seven Kilometers south to & locality fron where we were te be 65 Appendix VI Item 10 Page 5 SECRET’ SECURITY INFORMATIONSECRET~- SECURITY INFORMATION sent to the prisoner-of-war camp. Shortly before reeching the village, we conspired to slug the gusrd. We let hin cone ¢ Little ser und engaged hin in conversation. Ons previously arranged nel, Braun and I knocked him down. Mayr stood passively by. When we told him to help us -- he could geo what was at stake —— he said thet he ws wsble to do anything Like that. jie messed up tne guard pretty badly and wanted to take his pistol toc. Then te trucke appeared with their headlighte on, so that we hac to flec. “y parted froa the other two...» I thought it « better Ides te take a trail ost which was bound to lecd me to the Donets. It is not true that we were pursued and dispersed ty Fussians, \ithout having met @ single Russian, I crossed the Dmete about 0900. T nent into the woods there ond then to & villege where I aet German troops. 6 + + T wes not asked whether I was willing to return to the Germen lines in order to encourage my comr.des to desert. Neither we any kind of doounont, I was neither mistreated nor threntened with deaths . + + appencix VL fen 10 Puge € - SECURITY INFORMATIONSECRET" SECURIFEINFORMA HON Item 11» (Deposition of Pre. Johenn Kolodsiejezyk who hed esceped from Soviet osptivity.)1 ++ On 6 august 1945, 1 bocsme:e Russien prisoner. . . . First, they took ny rifle end belt end bronght me to the commen post in Xeshelovo, There they stole ¢11 my belongings inoluding my wellet, aogtegs, tnd boots. They ecve me wornout past of boote in return. They slso ripped the wound, oevelry, end netionel enbloms from ny blouse es el] as my shoulder strepe. From Kesholevo thoy brought me to a commend post in the ftp On she wey to the OP, @ generel stopped me enu eekud some questions, at the CP an officer hit me ropertediy beceuse I could not answer Big.end did not understand his Russian questions. I wes there for only € short time, but on my there several Russian soldiers trio to etteck me, enu only the protuetion of my yuerd seved me from boing completely besten. Prom the CP, they brought ne to ® wWillege where I wes interrogtud by cu interpreter who wes Perheps © Jew. He acked ne the Pollowin questions: Thet was my orgenigetion? How wes our morsle? Thy wes T fighting: How wee our food? How wes our fichting spirit? Did wo know the Russtens hed reotptured Orel? Thet hed I seen in Prvensh? How long hea 1 been.¢ soldier? jSouroe: Deposition, dtd Y aug 43, in 102u Infentry Division File, ops 87 5390/8, wt wes in the conversetions between officers Epotidix VI Iten 11 Pege 1 67 SECRET. SECURFAMINFORDACHION.; ORE T—SSCURSELANFORMATION cna exlisted nen? Yes there enough breed? Hhet do ve know bout the fete of Mussolini? persons) questions ebout my life ard doings were esked ey young wonen who else prepered the focd. Tey wore yniformed as officers. They asked me to go teok to the Germin tines ent give propegends telks so thet more Germers would desert. I refused. After the interrogetion Ives Leeked in en certhe sholters wes interrogeted onee more in the eversing snd told thet other Filta hed given nore details, Once more they csked ne to give more details. There mea enother Gerapn prisoucr $n the cellar with me, but T do not know his orgemizetions Tr the cteernoon, four Gernen prisozers who hed beer 4x the cellar wore ted off #6 6 prison ornp, T msuaged to escape becruse curing the night the guerd fcll asleep. . + + appendix VI Ttem 32 Paes 2 68 StCRET—— SE@CORITY INFORMATION.INFORMATION (Note: | The subjects of this report are Capt. Krinsky, for~ Rerly interpreter with the G-2 Section of the 3180h Infantry Division, and Major Menshov, fornerly operations offices (6-3) of the 318th Infantry Division. ] Prisoner of War Sei ether of War Set-Up The Interrogation of prisoners of war is handled by the following: i+ The intelligence officer whose questions deal with ‘actical and 0/B information in order to obtain a clearer picture of the current eneny situation, 2. The political Sect: on which asks questions concerning Sconomics and politics, morale, discipline, treatment of prisoners of war, etc, (Wepending ypon the significance of the prisoner's testimony, he de sent to the division, corps, or army group intelligence officer, The intelligence officer, however, has no influence on the future destiny of the prisoner of war beyond the oppor tunity of making an entry in the prisoner's dossier (protocol), After the intelligence officer and ths political section have completed their interrogations, the prisoner is handed over to ‘the NKVD.] Source: Consolidated Interrogation Report, sts 16 Dec 13, in G-2 File of Seventeonth army, Bollage 1 punt 8, Anlage V (Io GeFangenenvarn, appendix VI item 12 Page 1 69 SECR ET SECURITY INFORMATIONSSeGRET--.. SECURITY INFORMATION 3. The IKVD interrogates him about, German armanentt and war potentiel es well as intelligence matters and considers hie possible usefulness for intelligence work, The NEND interrogators then decides what final disposition is to be made of the prisoner. The politicel interrogation always begins with the questiont "Way are you fighting against a nation of workers and peasants?" ‘Treatment varies with the prisoner's willing- ness to testify, Prossure methods are also used, (otarvasions beatings). Prisoners of war are employed in read constructions the rebuilding of Stalingrad, etc. They receive sufficient ratiotis; deserters get nore, Many of the guards are Romanian ‘and Slovak deserters who treat the Germans badly, In the Russian rear areas, many German priscners of war (probably deserters) work unguarded and are quartered in chvilian hones. Because of the disproporti nate ratio in the numbers of captured onlisted man and officers, the government, stresses the importance of sanding captured German officers to officer prisoner-ofswar camps ‘ Appendix VI Item 12 Page 2 7 SECRET. SECURITY INFORMATIONSECRET S#80RPEEEroRMATION’ ten 13" in mid-March 1945, the Subject (German licutenant) was taken prisoner by the Russiatis in Silesia, Ho was escorted with two other German officers. . . . to a village where they were interrogated by the Russians. -4 captain P--- was the interragator. . . . During tha course of his interrogation, the Subject was shown a propaganda leaflet written in German which he criticized as not being of the right composition to #1 to the German mentality. This appeared to interest his terrogator who later told him that he could choose betreon ® prisoner camp or helping the Russians with their propaganda. ‘Star short consideration, Subject accepted the second alter- native, ..', His first assignment was broadcasting by Loud speaker’ fron a truck. . . . Next he worked about two weeks producing propaganda leaflets, . . . then he went back to the truck. [Su Ject was later sent to an "antiga" school and became a Soviet agent i: ‘the fmerican zone of occupation in Germany. J Soures: BUCOM, ID, Interergeniastion Rpt, dtd 12 Apr Lo, Sub: NGB Operational Techniques, (7S), p10. [Date or information, March 1945]. i: Appendix VI Item 13 SECRET SECURITY INFORMATIONSrCRET SECURITY INFORMATION tem 1u* [Note: Source was a prisoner in the USSR fron 1945 to igi? ond was last in an MVD prison in Leningrad. This is an excerpt from the report.) Interrogations were carried out’ at night just after the prisoners had gone to sleep. The interrogation rooms were on the ground floor of the prison, and if anyone was met in the corridor while going there, the prisoner was obliged to stand facing the wall util the other person had pasa is long as source was in the prison, he never saw or heard anything about atrocities. He states that sometimes the in- terrogator slapped a man ecross the face or kicked him, but this treatment was considered legsl. The interrogator sometimes threatened source that he would be shot imedistely if he did not say or write what was wanted, but most of the time the interrogator was rather courteous. According to source, the lack of rest, the monotony of the questions which were repeated over and over again, and above all the intense humger were sufficient to break the strongest man, if he had anything et all to say. Those men who had woaker nerves often signed statements which were absolutely false so as to be left alone. In very difficult cases, when amen resisted, he was placed in solitary confinement in = dark * Source: 7707 ECIC, Rpt RT ~ uh - $0(CI.- 986), dtd 17 May 50, cub: MVD Prison in Leningrad, USSR, (8). : {Date of information, July 19h7)- SeGRET-- SECURITY INFORMATION 7 oe ik Page 1SECRET ~ SECURIT HNFORMATION cell and was Kept there util he confessed, or until he signed any statement the MUD required. Interrogators often kept the prisoners waiting for tong periods before interrogating. One of the source's cell mates had waited two hundred days before he was called in... . The chief interrogator for German prisoners was MVD Major Re am Estonian by birth. . . He told source that he had been in Jei2 for four yesrs in England on an espionage charge, He Speaks fluent German and source supposes that he speaks English, French, and Sstonian. . dippendix VI tem 2h Page 2 B SY INFORMASSION#BeRET SECURITY INFORMATION tiem 15 * tn their Anterroretions, the Soviets usu‘ lly folloved the prectice of teking the defendent uneweres, If they wented to extort ¢ confession, the nocused wes roused from his sleep ¢ ter 8 herd Jey of work rushed to the Interrogetion room, End eccused point bicnk of sone erime, This procedure wmild be roperted for covert nights in aucceasion, end efter weeks end months bed peased the whole procedure would be revenioted. Tarot ts #n8 tempting offers of freedom wore eltersetely used te well £5 requests for signed stetements derouneins others. single anell contre diction in testinouy teken during severe] months tine, or oven © yorr, we regrded as prim tecte evidenoe of guilt. Sentenocs of severe} yeora ware oustom rily given: for minor offences. Russien eiviliens were punished the stme wey __ when ¢ Bf wes convicted, he lost his stetus os 6 FF for the duration of his sentence exd wes inmecistely trensferzed to & Russian clvilien conviet lebor compe © > + asource: 700lat AISS, USAFE, Air Hietoricel Resesroh Tnfort tion Reports, dtd 13 Deo 48, suot Soviet Tree tments of Gernen Pi Pere. Ge Appendix VI Teen 15 % SEGRET— SLEURITHINFORMATION-SECRET SECURIFY- INFORMATION Tien 16 « S$ men reported extremely severe and eruel methods of Anterrogetion employed by the Soviets during the firat tno Years of the wer, Thay were required to work at exheusting ‘sks: end wher they had gone to bed end mere esleop, they “ere cwekened for interrogetion, They were often eubjested to extrene.colé, bright lights, damp ccllers, ond other such conditions which tend to breck e men's morei fiber. ‘They were wsfton slapped, kicked in the genitel orgsne, struck with the butts of rifles, end threctened with desth. This process cone tinued for @ week, e month , end sometimes elnost © yerr, kt length © confession wis prepared in Russien end the Fite vere teked to sign 1t. 4 trensletion of the document wes denied. the Russicne woulé eek the PY bout the number of Russtous he hed Mitled, the number of bridges: he hed destroyed, or tho mmber of Scusetic eninis thet he hed sloughtered. ‘the Rusoiens attempted fe corvict the Bi of issuing, forvarding, or cerrying out orders mith whieh Ruseion pertiocns or civilicns were forcibly evsousted oF deported, shot to dexth, or reped, or by which buildings were burned, reilrosd Lines, ciriculturel erens, Livestock, food, and evordey articles of the Russien civiliens were destooyed. < *Sourse: 7Bl AISS - USAFE, Air Intelligence Inforuation Report No» 10-172-1, 10 Jan 1950, sub: Treatment of P's in the USSR (S) 20 den 1950[Dste of informetion; 1915-9. msed on 230 Interrogetions by 6 intorrogs tore.] Appendix VI Ttem 16 SECRET SECURERHENRORMA TIONSECRET "SECURITY INFORMA. ten 17 + TION ‘Alm st 100 per cent of the prisoners were interrogsted by the Sovict IVD personnel, The interrogetions chiefly cen- cerned military and politice] beckground, committed wor orimes, such as setting fire to villages during convet action, fighting ageinet guerillas, displecing of the populetion, guarding the Soviet Wts, ete. There wes in eddition, £ close chock for nenbers of the SS, reer-troce [military governmont] hor dguerters and othor special former Vehrmecht- units, The unjority of they Pits noted the following predomin: tiny, interrogetion methods+ threctoning with gus; beeting; food reductions felse proudsess imprisonment; trensferring toslave labor camps! and collecting of infornstion by spies tufiltreted into the Fi oampe or by fellom Pi'ts forced to spy on their comrades. sSourse: Teem 12, OSI, 1G, USAFE, Positive Intelligence Report Wo. 12199-0250, dtd 20 Feb 50, sub: Russien Troe tment end Tnterrogetion of German P's, (8) “Appendix VI Teen 17 S CURITY-INFORMAT STURET—~5SECRET SECURITY INFORMATION ten 16% S Geuerals a study of individual reports given by returned Corman Pil's about thelr treatment by the USse while in Soviet Pir camps reveals a general wifornity in some Tespects in spite of @ ferences in conditions among various Compe, Siret, Living consitions tnprovod, particularly after WB, insofar as food was conecrnsd. Tn most eases, the rotumed Pl's said that, begining in 199, thoy were able to Purchase additional foods shelter improved if the Fitts improved ‘heir om quarters. Second, there was @ general scarcity of clothing for Pits during their internment. Third, medical ‘reatment suffered because of the lack of sufficient medicines. Fourth, woricing conditions were deseribed as bed because of ‘he high quota of production required from cach prisoner, Fifth, all Pitts wore given Mintifa indoctrination either twice or throe times a week. (4nti-cnerican indoctrination as given in some canpe and not in others.) Sixth, arrests of P's were frequent and arrest without food appears to have Peon commonly employeds mistrostnent of Pils by threats, mith Pistole, or by beatings wore cited frequently by those furs nishing information for this report. Seventh, interrogation by the Soviets was said to heve bean conducted nainly at night, * Sources: Team 15, 7020 AF cI hit, , Positive Intelligence Report No. 15 ~ i79 - 250, ra Rugelan ‘Teatmont and Ta terrogation of Gorman Pit's, (), SECRET: SECURITYINFORMATION Appendix vr i Tten 18 ae Page 1SEGRET SECURITY INFORMATION i ab differeat hours, with cross-interrogation of different PW's in the same camp... + g. Interrogation Wethods Employ2d by the Soviet? (1) The returned Pil's were in agreenent that ine terrogations were held at night at different houre. One source, from POW Camp No. 7125/k at Proletarsk, honever, described interrogations as lasting "weeks and reeks" with: throats of imprisonment in Siberia, ‘Threuts with pistols were frequently referred to by ceturned Pil's as were arrest without food. (2) Source from [two different camps}. . . reported that mistreatment of P¥'é had occurred during interrogation and that beatings Hed been administered, According to one source, former SS men were sent to a PW camp near Tbilisi . + Dub he was unable to give this camp's exact location. (3) One interrogation method . . . was the practice of having a PW release and started on hie way hone, At the second railroad statien, the PW would be picked up by Soviet police, returned to the prison, and reinterrogated. This sane source described the slepping of interrogatees by hand and with a stick during some interrogations. Appendix VE Ttem 16 Page 2 B eee ™ SECRET ~SECURITY INFORMATIONRE In many instanecs theeats or actual physical violenee were used during interrogation. The military background end political background of p: © favorite subjects of interrogation, Sone prisoners were intervogated az many as thirty tine over @ long veriod of time, Dur'ihg these in- terrogations, information on activitios of German military vn! ts in the USSR during tho war was @ primary subject. Information leading to evidones of a war crine committed in the USER was followed through thoroughly. any ordinary Vrigoners were not interrogated at all. In compiling the information given ty a prisoner, it is apparent that the Soviets had no standard acthods of interrogation, Soviet interrogators seoned to use nethods best suited to gain the desi: i information, and went to all extre 6 to grin the information. Soures: Team 6, 7020 aFCr Unit, USAFE, Positive Intelligence Roport Ne. 6 - 137 - 0250, dtd Feb 50, sub: Russian Treatment: gud Interrogation of German PoW's, (3). fnote of information, NA-9} Appendix VI Item 19 9 SECURITY “INFORMATIONDlcRE T SECURITY INFORMATION Item 20 # « . s Source wes teken to the AVD hesdquirters to be interrogeted shortly prior to hie relosse In 161+ “Source eter doiuced thet thle interrogetion wee conducted to estebl’sh what connection, &f eny, source's work hed with espionsge activities aching the Russien Linese s+ the Russien interrogator sterted by asking sourse whet unit end service he hed veen with during the mr.» + + Hie her caked hin’new mexy Worse code letters source could teky dome + + + the interroge tor then spent the next hour esiking him «buat how Germ ns intercepted Russian reuic treffie, how they located jussien trenenitters, end questions ebout ueve Lengths of German cquiypents + « «Source becene fare thet the Russians ts technicr? qulifioetions wore vury Limited, but he elso sensed thet thie wis not the reeaon for the Aintervier, Eventuelly, the Ruseion wented to know, oesusliy, if source hed mde contect with clondestine transmitters behind the Russien lines. Source 4 this, oteting that ho believed thet encther section of Ais wit anes cherged with this responsibility. + + + The Anterroge tor appeered to be rether eunoyed over his fedlure to secure an admission thet source perticipeted in this service, but did not sgource: JOO Air Intelligence Su Sq Air Histories] Reseeroh Teforee tion Report No, T-COBOK2-l-511C, Jen 19, (S)+ Appondix VI Ttom 20 Page 1 80 SECRET © “SECURITY INFORMATIONSECRET SECURMPY INFORMATION ‘ret teu him tor use brutelity egeinet hime Souroe wee returned to cemp efter four houre, Source stoted thet he considered himself to be very for- tunete in heving been interrogeted under thece eireunstences « He eeid tet uormlly interrogation took plese in the FY comp exe “ conscueted by the cemp comtassr, or by sone visiting Souriseline fhenever the Russiens were feoed with ¢ denied by f subjeot curing these interrogstions, they would yee brutality vhich 41! sone Anstenevs, involved hitting the subject ie fece with f pistol butts If no ccmiesion wes seoured in this fechion, then the Ge “en voule be subjected te umerctful interrogetion tech= sSques which inclusod solitery confinement in cold enu vet bunkers, ete. Then the Gormen eventuelly decided to mike on fentssion, morcly to be rid of this "special ettention," the ‘reetmont wes intensified insted, evidently on the theory thet Af he would ccnit one thing, further ettention would meke him Nel) other thines. Such au interrogstion ended up with the subject being toteliy broken. Scurcw roported one such dnstenee in which the Germin sdmitted nothin:, wee Pmdly atven © nea ot vodke, petted on the beck, snd given en offer from the LvD to work for them es & stool pigeon. nt] It should be noted thet the (From pereereph 7 6: Souroe wes nterroreted on his militery duties ¢fter four yeurs has elepscds thet the intent uf the interrors tion nes not te Apoendix VI Ttem 20 Pega 2 wS@bGREE . ScCMLIR-INPORAAuORSERET” SECURITY INFORMATION produce militery information but to produce evidence which could be used to punish source and/or others for intelligence work which ves e nomel duty for the individual. Fron comments by the scuree.on the experiences vy others, it ie elso epperent thet refuse] to tlk in meny ocses resulted in mistreatment, 6 recognition by tho Russien interrog.tor of bis inrbility to handle the subject, End thet cry edaission efter mistree iment Fesulted oniy in further beetings, solitery confinement, ©to+, evidently on the theory thet if one setion produced results, continued brute lity mould produce further informations appendix VI ‘Them 20 Poge 3 82 SeGRET SECURITY INFORMATION,SECRET SECURITY INFORMATION Item 21 + Wiotes Scurey, © former sergeant in the SS, wee ceptured by the Ruseiens on 6 Feb 195. He shot emcy th S$ teton rece before or ene aut "OS Suspected by the Russians of heving boon © somber of the Ss}, ° ++ Erly in 197, Source wes swmoned to the LVD office iu Klyev which wes loosted in the university lecture cestions Thore he wes tolé thet he wes auspectod of being & member ur offeer of the $8 by other prisoners. Until October IAT, source we imtorrog ted epproxinctely sixteon tines, usurlly detwoen 200 sx 0100, He was mz inly cross-examined ty three or four interrotsters, after entering the roum, source usuelly hed to er ¢ furooct end alt dowa beside x hot stove, then he wa aked to confess thet ho hed boen en 88 officer end told tt there would be 4° token from his cel during the night and made to stand & attention facing ¢ white wall for fron six to ten hours. He is then interrogated by several persons whan he is not permitted kg aoe. In the course of the in¥errer gation, he is told what he must say before the court end Row be ho to vote The prisoner As nether peaten nor tortured durink the intorrogetion, After & persed of confinement, and if severe) interrogetions reve boon anayocessful, the prisoner 4 diy given two or three pills of the drug aktedron. This pareotic wakes ib impossible for the prisoner to. steep, and he pecones extrencly nervous snd restless. Ivo or, three deye ister, tne prisoner is given en 46 cyeter nent. Tie chills the prisoner thoroughly, ceases acute: Aiarrhes, and brings Bim 2 the verge of exnsustions — Te next atop is an injection of scopolenine, resulting 1m 6m gimcst complete Loss of memory ante ingestion te goltowed by & OEE of the drug Noskel #150 penieved to be given by injections qhis drug makes 1+ posstble for the victim to renenber only qnat a6 told him white under $t5 tnfivences The prisoner be now Ef? a typewritten arart of musekipt results in on pis Toonfessions" & readin gumeate-te retention of AS gontents. Insemuch 63 PAS goopolamine tnayecd amnesia nas orused his F° rorgst everysning obser MH? asouree: USP Report Wor 10h ga tiov 1g, (S)> Pert By Be appendix VT Teen Page 2 130 §ECRET SeCURITY INFORMATIONSECRET SECURITY ISFORMATION Fonte om only rept hte tontGoagee tne yerrotetine renner. It is therefore important that, while meking his soterions the privoner te actully unex the impression thes Be Ls telling the tnuthe ~~ Appendix vr Item Li Page 2 133 SSECRET SECURITY INFORMATION:§EGRET. © SHICURITY INFO! MATION 5 APPENDIX VIT * ten 2 ‘Instructions Conerning the Trterrogation of Prisoners aia? often Questionnaire for the Interrogation of Prisoners of War Headquarters (pivieion, Corps, Regiment) Date Location on Map 1. Last nane, first nane, civilian ocoupaltcts place of births uae aay decupation, rank, age, navionslitys draftee or volun~ teen, where and when captured? 2. Unit? (Question the prisoner until you determine the highest echelon unit know to him.) 3. When and where did the unit cone from? Where is it located? weet ig ive strength? What unit did it relieve on arrival? hat ie its mission? ye Location of comand and observation posts? S. Mane, rank, and description of officers? 6. Adjacent units? Their location, strength, missions? Location of reserves? 7. Location and number of machine ews mortars, antitank guns, seeentry howitzers (Known to the priser, of seen vy hin)? Strength of reserves? Data on defensive jnetalletions (nature oF enipersonnel and antitank obstacles, Location of first |. line of defense, doseription of trenches, what other forti- “fications, minefields)? * Sources Questionnaire, undated, in Miscellaneous G+2 File of LIV 25.110. corpe, Verechiodenes, Gefangenen we ‘Yeborlacuf eraussaeen, ott pr iargeecepe, oes NE He the EE Sevettgy questionaire was found Sa Ene Epacon case Wet esian officer. The Geman translation fs part of this file. Appendix VIL ‘Tten 1 Page 1 se SE@RET SECURITY INFORMATION a &a a” % 20, i, R 16. 7 a son ieee A URITNFORMA TION § Sie motorized mits, now weapons Coaliven and technical details)? location of air fields and terrain Suitable for air Landing those none? What air force unite and hoe many aircraft at these bases? location of rear area service units? What losses has the unit suffered? How is the supply, food, Sauipment, and clothing situation? When and where do’ replace- ments come from, and in what numbers How is the morale of the Stoops? What. do the officers tel) them? That is the attitude of officers and men toward the war? Toward one another? What are tha German tamressione of the performance of our armed forecs (aircraft, tanks, artillery, infantry, cavalry)? Credibility of the above Statements? Take into consideration {te Prisoner's social level asd background, his willingness to testify, nationality, state of exhaustion, and depression. Appendix VIT Item 1 Page 2 133 ECRET SECURITY. ‘INFORMATIONSECRET | SUCURITY INFORMATION ‘APPENDIX VIL. tte Annex 5 tor HQ XX Corps Gok Sect ee Gatrantial, 17 Dec Lt Questionnaire for the Interrogation of Prisoners of War (translation of Captured Russian Questionnaire) 1, Name of the battalion commander + 2. Bauipment of the company, losses in materiel, year when the cquipsont was manufactured, TOssrves. 3. Which sector doss the company defend? What are the company veettons? How is the observation post organized? there is the battalion located? hat are its missions? What units are adjacent? S. What is the Location of the varices headquarters? Wet security measures have been taker: for their protection? What units pulld the dugoute? 6. here is battalion headquerters Tocated? - Company connand post? Battalion guard? 7. What is the strength of the company? What parts of Gormany oF What other countries do the men con from? What is their wegrage age? Where do tho replacements cone fron? Details goncemming the replacement systems How many officers, noncomissioned offcerss and men are in the company? 94 How many and what sort of acts of misconduct have occurred Het Ay? How are thoy punished? Do dnstences of drunkenness occur? # Source: Questionnaire, étd 17 In, in Ge? File of 2920 Infants Division, To-Singanucbergeorsneter anststellen, 21.V: 2906 Artie vistas WGransiation of the Russian origin’ Te part of this file and has been trandlated here. Appendix VIE Item 2 Page 1 134 SEGRET SROURITY. INFORMATIONSEERES SUNT nrormar n, be 16, a. 18. 1. 20, a. 22, 23. 2h 25. 26. 2 28. 29, & a ON Fon is the relationship between officers, noncommissioned cfficers, and men? Has anyone refused to obey an order? Ave orders carricd but conscientiously and promptly? itz, Teconnaissancs patrols dispatched into [Soviet] territory behind our lines? What do the German soldiers fear most? Fow 18. the company quartarcd and whore doss it spend the night? How are the guards detailed at night? tho $s allowed to pass through the guard? How are they challonged? i How do the German soldiors adapt themselves to cold and snow? What do they say about the woather condi tions? How a1 the officers and onlisted mon dressed? Do the officers montion skis? Haye they received any? (het do tho officers and men think of the partisans? Have the partisans inflicted any danage? How are the relations between the soldiers ang the civilian population? What is being said about attacks? When do the officers think they will be in Moscow? Way did the Geman troops withdraw a few days ago? Thy did the Germans leave gms, tanks, ammunition, ete. behind? 2 SW soldiers missing? If s0, how do the officers interpret, +? i Appendix VII Iten 2 Page 2 135 -CRET SECURITY. INFORMATIONSECRET... EU, INFORMATION 3h. 32. 23. Bhs 35+ 36. 31+ 38. 396 LO. ray we. Be dhe wT eget clase does the prisoner belong? Heononie position, occupation, family? inst benefits has he derived from the Hitler regime? What allotments dees his family receive? That relatives of his serve in the Armed Forces? Have any of his relatives or acqueintences been Killed or wounded? Ts he a monber of the Party? [Nazi Party] hat Literature has he read? What nowspapers and poriodicals does he receive? hat is his religion? How often does he go to ghurch? mat religious guidance is given to the troops? gmat ave’ the political activities in the compeny end regiment? weet gin onergo of political activity? How is the sexual problem being solved? nat eductional measures are being taken in this respect? hat sonce do the soldiers make of this var? tmat do the soldiers thing of the conquest (occupation) of France, Grosce, Norway, and other comtries? qat reasons are advanced for Germany's "AP against the Soviet Union? whet docs this wer have to offer the soldiers -~ now and in the future? A True Copy “corps HQ, 17 Dec Li (signature illegible) ist Lieutenant appendix VIE Them 2 Page 3 136 SECRET SECURITY INFORMATIONSECRET” SECURITY. INFORMATION APPENDIX VEIT’ Documentary Excerpts: Soviet Methods of Interrogating Japanese Prisoners of Var Serscted Japanese who vere being repateacten Guring the latter part of 1949 from the Soviet Union after heving been held in Soviet prisoner-of-war eamps for about fear years. Sone discrepancies appear Rusctan Porte, bub these reflect the feet toe methods employed by Russian interrogators were different in verious areas; viclence wes Siberse 3" °Y anterrogatore in uenchuria Gos only occisionelly in Sibor: Ttom 2 Gis report presents the views of two wel qulifieg repstristes.7 de pints Teport is based on research Conducted et the Meleuru Kepatriation Center in regards to the Soviet methods of interrogetion. . , a by the pert, thet a large munber of repatriates were in- wpatigated by the Russian authorities Pegarding their personal ana the cary bistory. Honover, with the oxen of the personnel in ine category mentioned in paragraph moe belom, who have not been ro- Ferrivted, ‘these investigations for the nett pert appesred routine end general in nature... Peay te Overall strength of the Japanese units was not in Niorigeted by the Soviet authorities, “ars Pils were required to conplete RAgt@zY fers which vere collected snd carefully screened by trainee Russien Aruy personnel. hese feoe gnablec the Soviet authorities to polect end later segregate certain sme nee thorough. investigation. There this form proved inadequte Le ipoviding pertinent information, Say normer field grade officers und above, Military Police, Svectel Service, Intelligence, Stgnel, Border Guard, speciatiste sy sree totes 88 aviation, electronics, Pecteriology, ‘chenioal nerfare, greduates of language schools Speedelizing in Russian, and those cus? FEC *References T/I, G2, GHQ,/Report No. TB-238, #4578, dtd 1 Oct 49 and Rerort No. TB-47-50 atd 13 Jan 50, Sub; Historical Study on Russian Methods of Interrégatingtapt urea zersonnel, (8). (Eten 1 is fron Report No. TB 2384 #45785 items 2-19 from Report No. T3-47-50,7 SEQRET. SECURITY INFORMATION Sete ae 137SECRET” sfCURITY INFORMATION a. Reports indicate that: & considerable number of FWs in the above categories (par+ Nig! above) have been tried end convicted in Militery Courts and sentenced to 5 to 25 yearse + + * 2. The Soviet method of interrogetion and pertinent expersences of mmerous prisoners of war are outlined 2s follows: ay ) (5) (6) A personal history foma is £11168 out by exch prisoner of wer. . This form 45 collected and vreetully screened by Russian militery officials {erggekde whether or not the Pi 48 te be investigeted. qhore are two ways in which = PN $8 sunnoned for yastetigetions formally, through the office of the Jryunese PW Camp Headoverters, end secretly the tine, length, und frequency of Anvestigetion ere fot consistent. In many caso, {investigations are not comed an the early hours of the nornsoGs and 28 Sfton 28 is deemed necessery by the investigator. Ga the everege on interrogation laste about one (1) oe eto two (2) Boure depencing wen the sibuation. Routirie investigations are usually conducted, in, Rony rooms with overhead lights. *e instences Strong lights were fuashed in the prisoner's face. se ee custonary to ley a pistol on the table with the muzzle ‘pointing tonards, the person being in- bestigated. ‘imestigutors condvet interrogetions 9°o calmly and Inyesttestging their tenpers. In only Soe dastence waa poysical violence. reported Generally, no coercive wee physrwere taxon to force prisoners. to {elk. However, meaeime the suspects were reportedly ‘hrow into solitery confinement. Inyestigators progeet with the interrogation very TivSiy without pressing the issues They, ‘take as such fine ae necessary ané repeat the sone questions witil weisfectory, answer is given. Whenever & statenent 4s getateame with the previous statements great importance in ot tGched to the verianco and often ‘inet the in- sRetigation deviates fron its prisary objectives. jypendix VIIT Page 2 138 SBGRET SECURITY INFORMATION(8) (9) Extensive use of py informants is nade ty the Russians, mho use thrests, coorcion, sma Promises of better treat~ ment to exact information? (20). : 7 (al), . . (2) tt Sppears that the Sreat majority of the investigating officers are usueliy second LSunicr/ Lieutenants ee panagr Heutenants — probathy duc dow priority gnyoetiestion. In no instances tone enlisted mon used, interpreter. In ono instance, a fenale interpreter 8 graduate of the langusge school in LENINGRAD /sic interpreted for a senor lieutenant, (13) Officers trom verious son 00S eppeared to conduct the duvestigations. although the Tepatriate's statenents pore Ambiguous, it is believed ¢, investigations Nero conducted Largely ty IVD offset” seer Item 2 A Japenese repatriate, who had been compelled to work as an interpreter ? for the Soviet Investigation Section (Ochvo) in a prisoner-of-wer canp af Nakodkka, mado a voluntary fora peor Mericen officiats fy vee form WECRET srcurrr? INroRManign- Appendix vrry Page 3 139SBGURITY “INFORMATION ; nar = goléier of the Lith Air Intelligence Fogiment (Air Crow) vpn = Soviet Interrogater gq - (Wane, age, registered donici ies ocevpation, and personal Uigtoly are usked according to fore-) Tt de four yours since the war ended. | At this dete ow’ purpose of Thterrogating you is not to investigets Gnd punish you, or anything interrogertiee. You merely carried out, the Begers of your superiors. Our purpose, #t this time when nnerice 4g trying to start @ Third fort ter, is to appeal. to the peoples it the world the brutelity of wer eo create opposition to wars and te examine thoroughly the intel Tiagenoe orgenization of the Japanese Fescist Amy gor futuré referonce = You probably know that the Japenese chy waibstaut and Tuiitersets” Yon prgeniaing an army of police for the next war. If you ere & are eeenend o lover of peace, tell us 22 you "anon for the seke of stoenethening the democratic front. Yoo. 1 will tell you ali I know. g = Very woll. ‘Then do you now thes 4f you withholé information or mske false statenents you will be punished with ¢ maximus of thyes yeurs imprisonment, under the Sovie® che, krticle 95. (Sonetines tke Jeterrogators say naximun of five years and other tines two years.) A - I mderstand. @- Very well. Then sign.your nome here: (prisoner of war signs paper bearing article 95-) What were Your auties as an Air Fores intel- Tigence soldier? A - I was on ordinary soldier- Q- 1 kmow that. whet’ Kind of work aid you do? a = In the company, érill end fatigue (ug end every two oF cour months relieved the’ observation party St the border+ q - What did you do there? ‘4 = Observed Soviet airersft from 2m observation toner Jwitn aid of glasses. (As though the formations: of reginentel, company, end plsteon gascet sone parties are not very importants the investigation on this ceteris extreaely brief and nothing 1 written on the investigation ater) The ounber and type of eircratt and their direction of Slight sneer;yorted to personnel below, nich {nformstion was then put into code Mee ere to the platoon. (The name end cables of officers, N.C.0.ts end ue cor cts once connected with observation posts end now interne? in fhe Soviet Union are sought.) meee... .. SEGURITY INFORMATION f Die) ae eee 40