RUSSIAN METHODS OF INTERROGATING CAPTURED PERSONNEL WORLD WAR Ir REGRADED UNCLASSIFIED ORDER SEC ARMY BY TAG PER VOLUME I: APPENDIXES: | * By KERMIT. G. STEWART Mojor, infantry, United States Army OFFICE. OF THE CHIEF OF. MILITARY. HISTORY. DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMYno =r. 2-3.7 RUSSIAN METHODS AT v2 Oe fig INTERROGATING CAPTURED PERSONNEL 2620 WORLD WAR IT ‘ Volume II: Appendixes by Kermit G. Stenart Major, GSC (Inf) WARNING ‘This document conteins information affecting the national defense of the United States within the neaning of the Espionage Act, 50 U. 8. 0. 31 and 32, as amended. Its transmission, or the revelation of its contents in any manner, to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law. It is imperative that this dociment be safeguarded at all tines, and that the material contained in it be treated with the utmost discretion. Under no circumstances shall possession thereof, or the information therein, be given to any personnel other than those whose duties specifically require knowledge thereof. When not in use, this document is chargeable to the custody of an officer. See pars 12, 15, 26, 31, 33, AR 380-5, 15 August 1946. Office of the Chief of Military History Department of the Army 1952anes Appendix appendix. appendix Appendix appendix Appendix Appendix Appendix Appendix TIE Ww Ww VIL VIET x SggeRNFORMATION CONTENTS : Page Soviet Interrogation Report Foras «---- 1. Soviet Evacustion Orders sersereereeees 6 Guide for the Political Interrogetion of Prisoners of Wer ~~ Directive Goncersing the Political Questioning of German Prisoners ...- ” aa Directives for the Interrogation of PW's by Reconnaissance Officers of the Red Army +++ seseeees 2G Military Institute of Foreign Languages in Moscow .s.esseeseeee Docimentary Excerpts: Soviet Methods of Interrogation (41 Items) ssesveereee 47 Red Arey Interrogation Forms ..+. Documentary Excerpts: Soviet Methods of Inierrogating Japanese Prisoners Of Wer seseceesseneeetseeeeeasener 137 Documentary Excerpts: North Korean Interrogation Methods ssseeeseerererses 155aa in ANNNNOMN CNS APPENDIX T' Form for Report on Prisoners Captured by Reconnsissance Units, Rifle Conpenics, and Battalions. Mote: The following questions were printed on a form with appropriate for filling in answers.) ear, A. For Invividual Prisoners (when there is enowh tine) 1. Last name, first nane, rank, and duty. 2. Subsection, mit, brench of service ae of capture 4. Cirewmstance of capture 5. Outstanding dats (briefly) 6. Accompanying documents | Signature, - Receipt of the consignee: No. Tine of receipt, Place. Number of prisoners end a list of docments taken from then, 3. For a Large Nunber of Prisoners (when time is limited) Subsection, Unit, officers __NCOs__ Soldiers, Place end tine of capture, ‘ore important testimony of individual prisoners (They are inter- rogated only bricfly and if time permits) Acconcanying documents Receipt of the consignee: No. Mmo___ Place, Nunber of prisoners List of documents * Reference: OTA Doeunent 00-W-1009 (C), Be 17+ Appendix I Form 1 SSC away By page p rPoRneR SGPER a 3 Wes a sition:SECRET SECURE FORMATION Forn for interrogation of Prisonere st Regimentel Level During Offensive Operations [icte: ‘The following questions were printed on a form with appropriate blani spaces for filling in enswers. Thi wes not 6 fixed pattern Interrogution Sheet A Rifle Reginent, 19, ity, Edition, 1. Lact, first, middle name of prisoner, Social stetus, plsce of birth, duty, ronk or rating, age, nationelity, conseripted or en- Listed, then and where captured. 2 To whet uit did prisoner (deserter) belong? (In question ing, try to establish the highest militery unit of which the prigoner has knowledge.) 3. Where did the mit come fron? What is its disposition, con- position, and mleston? %. ‘Location of Headquarters. 5. Names and renke of imuediate superiors and their charecter- istics. ©. that ure-the neighboring units: location, numbers, missions, Locations of reserves? 7. amore 18 the front Line defense, barbed wire (how many rows), aine fields, lend mines? fre there concrete fortifications and where ure they? mtitenk gins, machine guns, mortars? How long did it take Lo build the cofenses? Depth of trenches? Are there any defenses in depth? @. How aany ond where are the tanks, ertillery, und other tech- nical equipment? Calibere end other technical informetion. 9. To whet locality ure they ordered to retreat? That are the losses? iho orders the retreat? Whereabouts of tanks inc ertillery? kre reserves arriving? Fron where? What is their composition? {note: Tneve questions are usked whon fighting within eneny defenses.) TO. Adequacy of wit's supply, food sitwtion, equipment, clothing. Ui. What is the morale of the soldiers? What is the trend of conversation on recent battles? Le. Mortle of local inhubitents. 13. addition. questions. 4 Grade of reliubility of nformation. Interroguted fp The following Uoouments wore taken fron the prisoner, Appendix I 2 Form 2SRST EL ng, REPETEORMATION During « Defensive Operation AMote: The following questions were printed on a form with appropriate blank spaces for filling in answers. This was not e fixed pattern. Rifle Regiment Date, 194, Edition 1. Lest, first, idle name of priSoner. Socicl status, place of birth, duty, rank’ or rating, agojnationslity, coneeripted or enlisted, when and whore cuptured. 2. To whut unit did prisoner (deserter) belong? 3. Where did the mit come from? What is its disposition, can position, and mission? 4. Location of Headquarters 5. Nemes and ranks of innediate superiors and thelr chareeter- istics. 6. What are the nelghboring wits: location, numbers, miss locations of reserves? 7. Location and quintity of: nachine guns, mortars, tanke (varticulerly), antitenk and infuntry artillery, observation and con- nand posts, reserves. 8. Location snd quintity of: artillery, artillery mits, moter- ized mits, now means of warfare. 9. Unit losses und sdequacy of supplies, food situstion, equi;— nent, clothing. 30. het is the norele of the soldiers? What is the trend of conversation on recent battles? Ll, Additional questions. 12, Gree of reliability of information. Interrogated, ‘The following docusents were taken from the prisoner: Appendix 1 Form 3 eerie SECURREINFORSEATIONSECRET SEGURITTINFORMATION Fora for Interrogation of Prisoners at Division Level During Offensive Operetions ffiote: The following questions were printed on a form with ‘appropriate blank spaces for filling in enswers. This wus not 4 fixed puttern Interrogation Sheet Division, Date___194___ Edition 1. Last, first, middle neue of prisoner, Social status, place of birth, duty, renk’or rating, ege, nationality, conscripted or en- listed, wnen and where captured. Ocowetion before militery service. Dete prisoner joined this mit and his assignnents. Where end when aken prisoner. 2. To what regiment, division, and corps did the prisoner belong? Renks and nanes of commanders of those wits as well as those of the chiefs of staff. Is his mit temporarily or pernsnently assigned to this command? 3. Location of Headquarters and command posts (note on map). 1. Neighboring wits on the right and left; their missions. 5. Missions of the uit and division. Arrived from where? Replaced vhat wits? 6. ihere is the front Line of defense, barbed wire, mine fields, and mines? are there concrete fortificutions inc where are they? ‘antitank gue, machine gins, mortars? How long did it teke to bullé the defenses?’ Depth of trenches? Aro there any defenses in depth? 7. Location und disposition of artillery, tanks, chemical unite. any air force? Other technics weapons? 8. arrival of new mits: kind, tine of arrival, strength, place of depcrture and destination, nusber, where fron. 9. Waet units elong the route of the prisoner? 10. Locetion of resr installations. LL) Fighting qualities of the unit. Losses in the lest battles. 12) Woat replacements heve arrived recently? How often, when, end from where? 13. Additional questions. 14: Conclusion: Grace of reliability of answors given ty the prisoner, depending on his cless stending, netionality, end condition {degree of fatigue end depreseicn). Interrogeted Dete 194, The following doements wore taken fron the prisoner SicREF SECRRIPY INFORMATION Appendix Porn &SECRET SECCREMT INFORMATION Form for Interrogetion of Prisoners at Division Level During Defensive Operations Alove: The following owstions were printed on a form with appropriate blank spaces for filling in answers. This was not a fixed petterne Interrogation Sheet HQ Division Date, 194, Hap - Edition c 1. Last, first, middle nuze of prisoner. Social status, place of birth, duty, rank or rating, age, nationality, conscripted or en— listed, when and where captured. Occupation before military service, Date prisoner joined this unit and his assignments. here and when taken prisonor. 2. To what regiment, division, and corps did the prisoner be- jong? Ranks and names of commanders of those units as well ss those of the chiefs of steff. Is hie unit temporarily or permanently assigned to this comand? 3. Locution of Heudquwrters and command posts (note on nap). 4. Neighboring unite on the right and left: their missions. 5. ilissions of the unit and division. Arrived fron where? Replaced what units? 6. How many and whet units comprise the first echelon? Type and quantity of runke, artillery, chemical wits, end other technical equipment. “Location of the mein concentration of troops, reserves ané support units, motorized mits, cavalry. 7, Arrival and new units: kind, time of errivel, strength, plece of departure and destination, number, where from, 8. Whet unite along the route of the prisoner? 9. knount of losses. Soldiers morale. 10. Adequacy of supply of 2 unit. Food situstion, Disposition end kind of reer installations. il. thet repleceaents arrived recently? 12. Additional questions. 33. Conclusion: Degree of relisbility of prisoner's information. Interrogeted Date, 194, The following docwents are forwarded Appendix I Fora 5SECRET SECURITY INFORMATION APPENDIX. IT ‘ tom 1 SOVIET EVACUATION ORDERS Note: This document is an English translation of a German franslation of a Russian order. Since the origins), Russian document is not available, direct quotations from the Gernan document gre included in brackets when tne meaning is in question. Order of the Peoples' Commissariat for the Defense of the USSR 2 January 1943 No. OOL Moscow SUBJECT: Procedure for Evacuating Prisoners of War from the Frontlines A number of serious defects have been observed in the evacua~ tion and protection of prisoners of war at the front end enroute to the reception camp: ; giz, Prisoners of war ere retained too long by units of the Red arty. From the moment of capture to the tine of entraining, prisoners have to cover from 200 to 300 kilometers on foot. Fre- Guently, “they do not receive ratigns of ary Kind. As @ result, hey arfive sick and ina state of considerable exhaustion. 2, & large number of prigoners do not have any warm clothing of their own. Contrary to (my) orders, they are not issued cloth- ing fron captured stocks. 3. Prisoners marching from the place of capture to the entraining point are often guarded by too smell a number of soldiers ox ongt gt all. As a result, they lose thenselves anong the civilian 4. By order of the Army Rear Ares Headquarters of tho Red Army {Stab des rucckwaertigen Heeresgebietes der Roten Armee / and the ficd Ariy lain Directorate for Ration Suppiy 7 Hauptverwaltung des Proviantnachechubes der Rotien armee / the prisoner of war reception camps and assembly points of the NAVD ere to be furnished with Source: German PW Survey Foreign armies Zast /H/'3/682_/ has been trensieted for this appendix rather than the less complete German version cited in note 25, Chapter VII: Study Deutsche Kriegsgefangene in der Sonjetunion, in Anti-Konitern File EAP 116/95. 6 ‘Appendix IT Item 1SECRET s retions and transportation by the army groups. They are, however, Supplied only to such 4 limited extent that not even the minimum requirements are satisfied. 5. The aray Transportation Inspectorates /leeresverkehrsin- speiction / with ‘tho amy groups do not furnish folling stock in tine ‘and in sufficient numbers for purposes of evacuating prisoners gE wer to resr-area camps; furthermore, such rolling stock us has been tade available in tolslly unsuitable for the trensport of human beings, Since 1t contains neither cots nor stoves, mashhesins, wood, and housekeeping equipment. 6. Contrary to the directive on prisoners of war approved by the Commissariat’ of /Public, sce) in the USSR Somiisscris! fer es G weseri in der UdSs 3 he Girectiv SEER eRe cas Map aot gente’ 06 He ings ee Preconars of war are not adnilted to the field hospitals, but shipped through regular channels to the reception camps and NKVD cemps. he a foeult, 6 great many prisoners die of exhaustion prior to evacuation to tho rear of enroute to the rear. in order to eliminate such defects in the care of prisoners of Comme? nd for ell and to preserve then us a source of labor, Gonmending Generals of the Army Groups will carry out the following orders: + Secure the prompt evacuation of prisoners of war to assenbly canbe. In order to expedite the evacuation, all transportation re- urning expty from the front is to be utilised. 2, Instruct unit commanders to gasue rations to prisoners of Meta my transit prior to their transfer to un NKVD Camp in coserdence with allowances established by the Commissariat of {Public / Health in the USSR in / Directive/ No. 187%4/8%e. Prisones of wer ship— ments are to be furnished field kitchens from captured stocks and transportation needed for the hauling of rations” 3+, Bender prompt medical aid to eck or womded prisoners of Coun ccordunce with prisoner of war regulation, Directive of the Conmissariut of {Public / Health in the USSR Now 1798/300c, dated 5 Tuy 1941, reptot evacuste sick, wounded, completely exhsusted, and grostbitton prisoners through regular channels to NKVD assembly points. Such prisoners are to be admitted to «7 fel hospiter eee fed with the next shipnent /of sick and wounded / to the rear for eeSnaagt tReatment. They will receive rations in eccarlenes with allowances established for sick prisoners of mass Appendix II Item 1 SEGRET~ SEGURITVANFORMATION4. Provide sufficient oscort personnel prisoners of war from the place of capture to the reception camps of the NKVD. 5. Locute the priconer of war entreining points as close as possible to assembly points so as to avoid long marches on foot. 6. Give @ shipping List to the men in charge of the shipment - Tais roster should list the nunber of prisoners of wer, the retions issued to the prisoners, equipment supplied for the shipuent, and the means of transportation. The prisoner of war roster must be produced Et tho time tho prisoners are turned over to the reception camp. The non in churge of the shipment are to be instructed te list ell docu nents vhicn were taken from the prisoners in order to trensmit them to the reception camp. 7. Limit the daily rate of march to 25-30 kilometers. After exch 26-30 kilometers, rest stations should be estublished where prisoners can spend the night. At these stations, prisoners should be provided with hot food and hot weter und given en opportunity to warn thenselves. 8. Prisoners of war will be permitted to keep [outer cloth- ing, shoes, underwear, bedding, and mors gear. If prisoners lack worn clothing, shoes, end mess gear of their own, such articles must be supplied from captured stocks and from the property of killed and deceased enemy officers and enlisted men. 9. Conmanding Generals of army Groups and ililitery Districts will carry out the following orders: 4. Check immediately, in sccordance with Directive No. 24/103892, duted 30 November 1942, of the Rear area Main Directorate of the Red army / Stab der obersten Verwaltimg im rueckwaertigen Gebiet Roten J 7 end with Dire: 3OLL/III, dated 10 Becoaber 1742, ef the Red Army Main Directorate for Ration Supply / Steb der Obersten Verwaltung fuer den Verpflegungsnechschub der Roten Armee /, to see that NKVD reception camps and trensient canps are properly supplied with rations. ations should be stockpiled at essembly points and transient camps in order to agsure uniform distribution of food to prisoners of war. b. Furnish the reception and transient camps of the NKYD with sufficient transportation und housekeeping equipment. In case of & very heavy flow of prisoners, additional transportation and housekeeping equipment should be issued to assembly points end camps. Appendix IT Item 1 8 SEGRE SECURIFY INFORMATIONION - 10. The Chie? of the Red Amy Transportation Inspectorate LGhef der Heeresverkenrsinspektion der Roten Armee / will carry Out the following orders: 4. iilake available the requisite number of / railroad 7 cars for immediate trensport of prisoners of war to camps; equip the cars with cots, stoves, and wash basins; provide for uniform heating slong the route of travel; utilize wits which are drawn from combat troops for trensporting prisoners of war to the rear. b, Assure the rapid movenent of these units as troop transports. c. Ab the Red Arny Transportation Inspectorate, establish @ movement control agency which will supervise the movement of wits escorting prisoners of war. d, Limit the load of prisoners of war per /railrond J cer 50 thut 44 ~ 50 men are allocated to a two-sxle car and 80 - 90 men to a four-exle car. Prisoner of wer shipnents should be made up of no more than 1,500 men. e+ Provide warn meals regularly for the prisoners of war and supplement travel rations et all ration points and messing establishments in accordance with ration vouchers which hive ‘been issued by army units, reception points, and NKYD camps. f. Provide en adequate supply of drinking water for the prisoners end see to it that three pails sre placed in esce two-axle car and five peils in each four-axle car. il. ‘The Chief of the Red Army Medical service will carry out the following ordere: 8, Assure the medical treatment of sick, wounded, frostbitten, and greatly exhausted prisoiers of war in the Red’ Army medical installations at and near the front. b. Organize their prompt evucustion to hospitals in the rear for specialist trestnent. ©. Detail the requisite medical personnel, with adequate medical Supplies, to minister to the prisoners of war while in transit. ‘ledicel personnel fron among the prisoners is also to be utilized for such duties. Appendix IT Item 1SECRET” AP Y- INF BERET eC INFORMATION, «x the points of evacuation end furnish medical aid to the sick. Priconers whose states of health do not permit resumption of travel are to be taken off the shipment, admitted to the near- est hospital, and, at the earliest opportunity, evacusted to 4 hospital in the rear for specialist treatment. e. Exercise hygienic cere of the prisoners of war by éisin~ fecting their personal belongings while in transit. f. Take measures to prevent epidemics among the prisoners of war until such time that they are turned over to the NKVD camp. 12, Prohibit the shipment of prisoners of war in reilroad cars which are not heated and ufit for the transport of human beings and which do not carry an adequate cupply of wood, travel rations, and housekeeping equipnent. See to it, moreover, that prisoners are not shipped without seasonal clothing snd shoes. 13. Trensmit this order by teletype. By Order /“of the Peoples' Commissariat for the Defense of the USSR_/ The Deputy Peoples’ Conmissar for Defense General / Genersloberst—Intendant 7 ‘A. Ohruliew "A True Copy" B.0. 18th $.G. Corps Technician 2d Grade Geresimow ‘4 True Copy of the Copy" Chief of the Secret Section lst Lt. Babik (signature) ‘Appendix II Item 1 SECRET. SE@URITY INFORMATIONSEERET SECURITY INFORMATION APPENDIX 11” Tter 2 RED ARMY ORDER: PROCESSING OF PRISONERS Annex 1 to HQ Third Panzer Arny, 1e/a0 (Translation Sub-Section) /Report/ No. 0950/44, Confidentiel, dtd 24 aug 44 Infantry Regiment 156 Strictly Confidential No. 0023 Order ty #Q 16th Division 1700 hours 7 July 1944 soants date, violations of order 001, iseued in 1943 ty the Peoples' Gomlescriat for the Defense of the WSR, still cccur among the ‘troop wite of the division. sa rule, prisoners are hold tes Jong at, peggheeimentel headquarters, and,’cs « result, information cotaived from the eneny loses its value. There have algo been additional instences of depriving prisoners, {asGenttavention of orders, of valusbles, clothing, cod festens (15eth Infantry Regiment). The Division Conmander has issued orders fas foliows/: 2 oohtter & tentative interrogetion, all prisoners, ecompanied by TaaeT sone interrogation report, will be turned’ over te the 24 #rals7 Section of Division HQ. Prisohers who can reveal important infornation ubout the enemy will be sent on inmediately efter the Interrogation. &, ine stealing of the prisoners! personal bolongings, their valuables, clothing, und footnesr, is to be categorically pronitizon Py The wse of scouts as gucrd-escort personnel for prisoners is to be discontinued. Chief of State Colonel Signature — (Urbsches) Appendix IT : Item 2 S&CRET sRevRITY INFORMATIONSECRET’ SEGURITY INFORMATION Ie Major Signature (Schimko} 5 copies 1 copy for files 4 copies to addressees I certify that this is « correct trenslation: med Warquat, Sondefuehrer (G) /Monconmissioned specialis Source: GDS Speciel order (translation) dtd 7 July Ad, ty HQ Aéth Infentry Division, in Third Panzer Army 0-2 File. 3T0/A0 corresponds to U.S. Army G-2 staff section. Appendix IZ Item 2 ITY INFORMATION 5SECRET SECURITY INFORMATION oe i POLITICAL INTERROGATION ‘DIRECTIVE (Note: See pages 170ff of the text for a discussion concerning the origin of this document, The dato, 19hl, in the text (page 170) is an error, “the document having been captured by the Germans in the spring of 19)2. A covering letter, not reproduced here, accompanied the German translation of this dociment waich stated that the origi- nal Soviet docunent was dated 3 October 191, that it was issued by the Main Political Directorate of the Peoples! Commissariat of De~ fense, and that it was signed by L. Mechlis.) Annex to OKH, Army General Staff-Fourth General Staff Officer, Branch Foreign Armies Bact (Ii c) No, 1609/2 Confidential, Dated 19 April 191.2, Translation Directive Concerning the Political Interrogation of Captured Snlisted and Officer Personnel. 1. From the moment of his capture by the Red Aray and during tha entire duration of his captivity, the enemy enlisted man (officer must be under continuous indoctrination by political workers. The basic objectives of this indoctrination are: 8, To discover, unmask, and isolate fascist elements; b. To arouse class consciousness and to re~educate along anti~ fascist lines the soldizrs who were deceived by Hitler and his henchmen; ¢. To round up soldiers of antifascist conviction and give them 2 comprehensive political indoctrination. interrogation of prisoners of war is to pursue the vest a, To ascortain the political and moral attitude of interrogated personnels “Source: Diractive on the Political Interrogation of Captured Enlisted and Officer Personnel, dtd 3 Oct Wi, in document file of Army Group North, Beutebefehle, Tc/A0, 15.1%. Appendix Z11 -13- Item 1 SECRET SECURITY INFORMATION~~ SH@URITY INFORMATION. ° D. To ascertain the political and moral condition of thy unit in which the prisoner served} co. To determine the type of ideological training which thy soldiers have recived as well as the subject matter of such training and the topics used in discussion; a. ‘To obtain information on the effect of Russian sropaganda and on antifascist activity among the enenyts [frontline] Woops and the army rear areas a. To indoctrinate the prisoner morally and politically so 2s to inmask faseism and arouse sympathies for the Workers’ Council among the elencnts which are socially skin to us} f, To collect maturial and information which may be important $0 our propaganda efforts directed at tho oneny's troops and population. 3. Tas political interrogation is to be conducted by the political workers of tho divisions, arnizs, and army groups, i.c. by those whe have commana of the agpropriate foreign language and who have been elsared for this work by ordor of the chief's of the division an¢ army political sections or by tho political directoratzs of the army groups- TP necessary, a suitable end certified interproter oan be assigned jo assist the interrogator. Tho prasence of othor parsonnel not clsarsd for interrogation dutics is not permitted. fiote: Womded enlisted non and officers will be subjset to the sanz interrogation procedure se othor prisonsrs; ths interrogation, however, Will be shortened. Recuporated oriscnare will bu sub- jected to a complete interrogation by the camp commissers. ‘fithout exception, intervogations will be conducted individuelly and orally, Written statsmants pertaining to one or the obhor question $e requested from the prisoner only after terminstion of the oral Snterrogation. If a grou of prisoners is on hand [th2 following procedure should be followed a. Soparste officers and enlisted men inmediately in order to oravent the officers fron influsncing the enlisted sens bb. Interrogate the enlisted men first, then th, noncommissioned offiesrs, and finslly the offic-re. li. Ths taterrogator will be guided by the attached questionnaire and will soo to it thet tho information to bs obtained will be as Gonplets a8 possible. Supplamsntery questions may be asked, if thy -u Appendix III item 1 SECRET SEGURITY INFORMATIONSECRET SECURIFY-INFORMATION importance of the person to bs interrogated warrants it. In dealing with prisoners, the dignity of Red Army personnel must be proserved. Familiarity must be prevented by all means. 5. The attached questionnaire is to be used in intorrogating enlisted non and noncommissioned officers (up to and including the rank of Feldwovol [platoon sergeant]) who havo a labor or farm backgromd. Mion interrogating prisoners from other social strata, the interrogator will make appropricte changes in the relevant questions (see Section TIT of the questionnaire). Membars of the SS and Military Police (Feldgendarmerie) will ve asked supplenentery questions. Appropriste changes WITT also be mado in interrogating prisoners of non-Gorman nationality (including 4ustrians and Poles), 6, Information obtained from a prisoner. is to be checked and sup- plemented through appropriate interrogation of other prisoners. 7, Bach interrogation will be recorded in a detailed written report. in order to avoid mistakes in the spelling of proper names, geogra~ phical terms, etc., such nanes and terms will be recorded in the language of the prisoner as well as in Russian, Furthermore, certain characteristic expressions and phrases will be taken down verbatim, arguments of the prisoner pertaining to fundanental political ques tions (particularly ergunsnts directed against the fascist regine and the war of depredation unloosad by Hitler) must be recorded with articular care. 8. In writing the report, goneral and vague statenents and con Clusions must be avoided.’ Every fact which tostifios to the dis+ integration of the political and moral structure of the army and the gone of interior is to be recorded accurately and in details wh {seid it], where [was St said), to whom [wes it said], when wae it Said and what was said, what was done, under what circumstances (was it done], etc, 9. Esch roport must be draw with care (dete, signature), The Political sections of the divisions will forward the reports to the political section of the army, which in turn will trenemit them to etorate et army group. The army group political forward the interrogation reports to the Main Political Directorate of the Red Army. A copy of each interrogal report will be sent to the comander of the transit camp, to which the’ prisoner is sesigned prior to being shipped to an appropriate {peraanent] Pit camp. Tho report will be accompanied by a photopragh of the interrogated prisoner (showing hin, if possible, in a clean and well-groomed condition). n the back of the picture, the nane, unit, date of interrogation, and number of interrogation report wii? be noted, ~1se Appendix IIT Item 2 SECRET SECURIFY-INFORMATIONBHCRET SHCURITY INFORMATION -- 10, Bociments (letters, diaries, photographs, orders, directives, newspapers, and magazines) will bs forwarded to the Main Political Dieeetorats of the Red Aray. Letters, diaries, and photographs will carry, if possible, a notation Lting the nano and [etvilian] eceu- pation of the source, his unit, and tho date of capture. -16- Appendix IIL Iter 1 EGRET —-SBCGRITY INFORMATION~-*‘SECRET GCURITY INFORMATION ieee GUIDE FOR THE POLITIC.L INTERRNGATION OF PRISOVERS (Note: For @ discussion concerning the origin of this document, See page 175 of the text, This document is an annex to the fore- going politica’ tion directive (Item 1) but ic presented here as a seperate item because it was obtained from another source. ] Korpsgruppe™*Breith In the field, 29 May 19L2 @-2 [Ie] Section Copy of @ "Guide for the political interrogation of prisoners ef war, found anong the papers of 2 conmisser (HQ Sixth arny?) killed in action in the pocket south of Kharkov. Copy Guide for the Political Interrogation of Prisoners of War (fron the "Directive Concoming the Political Interrogation of Captured Balisted and Officer Personnel”) Restricted 28 March 1942 I. General Data 2, Date and place of interrogation, 2. Organi: on, rank, end name of the interrogator. 3. What is your first end last nans? When were you born? * Sources Guide for the Political Interrogation of Pits dtd 28 Yar 1, in 02 Mile of 3rd Ponzer Division, Anlago IT sum Testigkeitsbericht, Te, susgehende ffeldungan, Ate Ty fuseTandy Tie ire “Korpsgrupoe: . Two or three understrength divisions acenbled into « Epona under a corps commander with an improvised corps staf’. * “U- Appendix TIT Item 2 SECRET SSCURITYINFORMATIONSECRET SBCURITY INF ORMATION Where wore you born? (Locality and province) 6. What ie your military rank? 7. To which unit do you belong? (Specify) 8. To which party did you belong? (Include affiliations prior to entaring military servico) 9. Whet is your nationality? 10. What is your religion? 11. What is the occupation of your parents? 12. That kind of an education de you hav? 13. What ie your profession or sccupationel specialty? ll. Whore wers you last employed? Until when and in what position? 15. That is your hone address? 16. cre you married or single? Do you have eny children? 17. To what party do or did the members of your family belong? 18. are sny political refugees or emigrants among your friends or relatives or were any of them persecuted or punished for politicel reasons? 19. Wao are they and where are they? 20. When cid you enter the armed Forees? (As a volunteer or draftee?) 21. Did you take pert in ths First World Wer? 22, On which fronte have you fought since 1939? 23, When did you arrive ‘et ths Russisn Front? 2h, Do you have any awards or decorations? When did you win than and for what? 25, hero, when, and wméer whet cirounstancvs were you captursd? (or dia you desert?) =18- 4xppendix TIT Ttom 2 SCCRET SECURITY INFORMATION~ SECURITY INFORMATION . Il. Condition of the German Armed Forces (Wohrnacht) Ay The Soldiers Life 1. How well-fed are the German soldiers? (especially lately) 2. How is the equipment in your unit? 3, What are the hoalth conditions? Is medical care available? 5. Did you have any days of rest, and did you get enough sleep? 6. As a soldier, on what did you spend most of your money? 7. What do you know about the operations of [: itary] censorship? 8. How often did you receive mail from home? 9. What do you know about the censorship? 10, Doss the soldier at the front have any opportunity for sexual intercourse? 11, What is the average age of the soldiers in your organization? 12, Wnat are sone of the topics of conversation among the soldiers? B,_Indoctrinat: n_of the Soldiers 3. Did you heve political discussions, lectures, or hours of instruction in your unit? 2, What were the topics? 3+ Who conducts such lectures or courses? kL. Does your orgentaat: does it have? on have a library? What kinds of books 5. Do you receive Ncircular letters" from Germany? Fron whom, how often, and what do thay contain? any? 6, Did you receive newep: rs from 7. Did you recsive military periodicals and polities! pamphlets? Whet did they deal with? -- Appendix ITI Tten 2 SHCRET—— SECURFEK INFORMATION~ secORTTY INFORMATION - 8. Were you informed about the military situation ‘at the front? Wheat wae the latest report? 9. Which front newspapsrs published by the Wehrmacht for German soldiers did you read? . Whe! spi + part do the chaplains play in furnishing the troops with ritual guidance? 11. How does the German radio propagends operate among the dirned Forces? What does it consist of? 12. Have you seen eny films lately? Which ones? Are there any movies at the front? 13. What do you know about the ectivities of the propaganda companies? Relations with Superiors Fron which strats of the population do ths officers cone? 2, How do the officers treat their subordinates? 3. How do the officers react to the grievances and complaints of the soldiers? L. Do officers require enlisted men to perform persons sorvices? 5. Do you know of any cases of physical mistroatmont or shootings porpetrated by officers, or do you know of officers susceptible to bribery? 6. Do officers attempt to win over individual soldiers by extending favors? 2 some characteristic aspects of an officer's everyday life. D. Relstions of the Soldiers to Bach Other don? 1, Do you know of any casos of denuncia 2. Are there overly anbitious men [Yeager beavers") anong the troops? 3. How do the Austrians and Germans get along with each other? re and the noncommissioned l. How are the relations between the soldi officers? =20- Appandix IT Item 2 SHGURITY INFORMATION ~5, 6 A Fs SiCRET- SECURITY INFORMATION How do roguler army men and reservists get along with each other? How do the older men and the younger men get along with each other? How are relations between menbers of the various branchas of the sorvice? Militery Questions What do you know about ths military qualifications and profes sional skill of your officers and noncommissioned officers? What do you know about German losses of men and materiel et the front? How ofton and in what manner hes your organization received replacenants? - Did your unit heve much opportunity for rest [and recuperetion]? How often has St been roorganizad? What do tho men in your unit say sbout the partisane? have the latter inflictsd? Discipline Do you know of any violations of discipline? What damage Boos it happen thst the orders from officers ore not earricd out? Did any soldiers refuse to ontor combat? Whet was the cause of such incidents? Whet were the coneoauences? Mention e few typical courts [martial] sentences or penalties, Do you know of any cases of desertion, melingering, self-muti- lotion, cr suicide? (Furnish ex:ct data) G._ Security organizations [Operating] Rin the Nehrncel What'do you know about tho in the Wehrmacht? rating procedurt: of the Gestapo 21s appendix IIT Thom 2SHERET SECURITY INFORMATION 2, What role doss tho military police play and what functions doos it perform? ; 3. How do the military courts in the field and in tha zone of interior operate? 4. Jhat is the role of the SS and SA in tho Wehrmacht? 5. Kow high ic the poreentage of national-socilists in the Nehrmacht? 6. What role do they play? 7. What is the attitude of the soldiers toward the Gestapo, Si, and SS IiI. Conditions in the Zone of Interior As_Tho Financial Condition of the Prisoner Prior to Induction inte Pha Wehrmacht and the Condition of his Fanily Prior to the Wert (Questions for] Workers? 1. here were you last enployed? Wow long have you been working? 3. How long was your working day? LL, In which respects 2: the worker protected by law? S. How much was your wooly wage? 6. Bow mich wars the wookly dodueticns, taxes, fines, ete.? 7. Wet wore your principal expenses, and whet percentage of your wagzs did they constitute? 8. Did you have a savings account? If so, what happoned to it? 9. “How was your housing situation, and how much rent did you pa; 10, How high were your oxpenses in case of sickness? 11, How much did you spend Zor food? 12, How much did you spend on the education of your child(ren)? 13. What grievances and complaints do the workers have? ~22- ippondix IIT Item 2 secret SRGURITY INFORMATIONSECRET SEGUREAMINFORMATION= Farmerst How large is your farm? How much and what kind of cattle do you heve? How high are the taxes end other assossnente? What did your income and expenses consist of? Did you receive amy credit? How much and from whom? What grievancss and complaints do tho farmors have? Wast do you think of the Farm Succession Lew [Erbhofzesetz]? What do you think of the so-called "Farmers! Leaders!t (Bauern: Be Th @ Family under Warti How long is the ork day for members of your family at present? How high are the wages? How high are deductions and taxes? How 1s tho supply of food and consumer goods? How doss the inereased cost of living manifest itself? Gen all merchandize be bought on tho open narkot? Did you receive any small packages from home? Di small packages: What were their contents? we there any transportation difficulties? whet have yo caused by &: a heard about air raid victims and destruction ir raids? Havo the Government or individuel organizations taken moasuros te rendar aid? G._the Political Situation are there any conflicts between workers and manegers in tha plants? How are thoy caused and how are they resolved? 235 ‘Appendix IIT Iten 2SC RULRETY INFORMATION .. 3.7 De you know of any clashes between Yorkers and cffietais, police, sor L. What ware the reasons? 5. Whst can you tell us about local and district "leaders" of the NSDAP, SA, and SB, chiefs of police, Gestapo [personnal], mayors, otc., and about their past? 6. How are relations between them and the people? 7. Do you know cf any people who are dissatisfied with conditions? 8. What do you know about the activities of the anti-iitler forces at hone and in the armed forces? 9. In your opinion, why are people dissatisfied? 0, How do supprossion of the Church and religious persecution nanifest thanselves? 11, What do you think of the war against Russia? Do your friends think the same way? 12. What do you think of the Goebbels propaganda and the reports of the Armed Forces High Command? IV. Politioal attitude and Convictions of the Prismer 1. How do you feel about the Hitler regime, the national-socialist "Loaders," and the so-called "German Socialisn®? 2. What do you think of the occupation of a number of European countries by the German Wehrmacht, of the policy of spoilation and brute force, and of the propaganda oxtclling hatred of other humans and class supremacy? 3. When, where, ond from whom did you raceive the news about the outbreak cf’ the war against Russia? How do you fost about the war against Russia? What do you think of "iibler's alice"? ‘hen did you cross the Russian border? What was the route of advence? In which battles in Russia have you participated? How did the Russian populstion conduct itself toward the German troops? How was tho conduet of the Gorman troops toward the [Russian] population? What cases of crucltiss committed by German officers and enlisted men against Red Army soldiers and commanders and against the local population are known to you? (Specify the locality). Do you know of any instances in which individuals the Appendix ITT Ttem 2 SbGRET a INFORMATIONotGRET SEGEREAYIRFORMATION = among the population aided the German troops? How is civil government organized in the temporarily occupied areas? Mention names and functions [of officials} end give a bricf porsonal description of the Ninterpreters! with the German Pesdquarters. What do you know about tho treatment of ceptured nembers of the Red army? What is your attitude toward the Russian people and the Soviet regime? 6. What do you think of the coabet effictency of the Red Army and the partisan movement? Waat do you know about Bslshevisn, the Bolshoviste, and the conmissars? Pore which Lines were you politically active prior to your induction snd during your military service? Have you boon punished for such activities? Attitude toward So et Propaganda De Gertan soldiers read the Russian leaflets and newspapers? What is the German soldisrs' opinion of Russian leaflets and Tadio broadcasts? 3+ Mich quostions cone to mind when the German soldiers read the Russien leaflets or listen to Moscow radio broadeaste? 4, What 4s the main reason for the German soldiers! reluctance to surrender? Yost, Sa Your opinion, should we write bout primarily in our lsaflets for the Gernén soldiers? G+ On which subjects mould the German soldiers like to recoive more specific information? -25- appendix IIT Tten 2 SLCREF SECURIFY INFORMATIONSECRET SECURITY INFORMATION APPENDIX IV* SHORT TRAINING COURSE FOR RED RICE INTERROG\TORS IN THE FIELD [Wote: This appendix consists of a German prisoner-of-war interro- gation report. Interrogation was made by Ist Lt, Sakharov, translation from Russian by Ist Lt. von Veivill Army High Conmand «+ Hq., 11 august 19h duny General Staff Branch Foreign Armies Bast (IIIA) Prisoner of War Interrogation of Rank: Captain Wane: Pupikin, Vladimir Dnitrovich ilitary Position: CO Recon Bn Last Unit? 159th Infantry Division, XXXXV Infantry Corps, Fifth army, Western Front Captured: 19 July 194K, ibs Kaven Born: 15 dune 1914 at: Stalingrad area Nationality: Russian Civilian Occupation: Electrician Bookkeeper Jectt Instructions for the Interrogation of Prisoners of War by Intelligence or Reconnaissance Orficers of the Red army Captain Pupikin (a pricoer of war) attended a three-day course for recsnnaissance officers in the vicinity of Smolensk from 9 to 12 June 194k. One Lecture hour was scheduled for prisoner-of-war interrogation procedure. In addition, the course included 2 demonstra- ‘Sion interrogation accompanied by a lecture. “eference: Interrogation Rpt, Directives for the Interrogetion of Pits by Reconnaissance Officers of the Red army, dtd 11 aug bk, in German PW affairs Files, Foreign armies 266 appendix TV Page 1 SbCRET-~ SECURITY INFORMATION”The lecture was given by’the Chief of the Researen Branch of the Intelligence Directorate for the Westem Front. The interroga~ tion of the prisoner lasted about fifteen minutes. a blindfclded prisoner of war was led into the lecture room. Ail documents on his person wore removed and the interrogation began. The prisoner had obviously bean procured from a prisoner-of-war camp. The answers he gave to questions wore previously prepared statements. An intelligence officer carried out the interrogation. The interproter translated literally without eny revisions. The lecturer instructed the studente in the following menner as to the execution of the interrogation: 1. The interrogating officer will put his questions directly to the prisoner of war and not to the intorpreter. 2. Prior to the intorrogation, the interrogating officer has to faniliariae himself with the statements of other prisoners from the same sector of the front. If possible, he is to have the relevant interrogation reports and a map of the pertinent sector before him, 3. 4 questionnaire containing the items in which higher heed- quarters is interested must be available. 4. No record is to be kept during the interrogation itsslf. Gnly short notes may be made. The record is to be written after the interrogation and not in the presence of the prisoner. 5. Prior to the interrogation proper, the veracity of the prisoner's statements is to be ascertained. This is best done in the following manner? The prisoner is first asked the first and less nangs of tho members of his squad and platoon. After a lapse of a Period of time, these questions are repoated, If the statements are identical, it may be essumed that the prisoner is telling the truth. 6. The prisoner is to eat prior to the interrogation and is to be trested to brandy and cigarettes. 7. The interrogation is to be conducted in a polite manner. 8. The prisoner is to gain the impression that the information about his unit, which is expected from him, is alroady kom and was previously ascertained fron statements by Sthor prisoners of war. 5. If tho prisoner refuses to answer, the interrogation is to be stopped. Later, the interrogation will’be started anew by another person who will deal with the prisoner in accsrdance with the latter's Psychological characteristics. In the course of this interrogation the prisoner may also be tricked. ~27- Appendix IV Page 2 SECRET - SHEURITTINTORMATION 2SHORE 1 SECURITY NEORMA TION .om out by questions from other, previcusly captured prisoners, who have been recruited as agents. The latter will use a conradely and cordial approach in starting conversations with the prisoner. dnother method to be employed is the planting of an intelligence officer, who has command of the Gernan language, in a cell next to that of the prisoner. Through an opening in the wall, he will establish contact with the prisoner, He will act as if he himself has just been captured and will sosk to obtain information through friendly conversation. 11. In eepecially important cases (only in interrogations at the intelligence directorate [Verwaltung fuer Feindauficlzerung)) narcosis will be used. 12, Intelligence officers or women interpreters, disguised as doctors, nursas, or nurses aides, will be employed for the Mcare™ of sick and wounded prisoners. This "medical personnel!" will seek to win tho confidence of prisoners through special attention, care, sympathy, and prosonte, Conversations will be started about hone, relatives, the weather, sickness, et cetera, Powdered suger and Grops of sherry juice will be given as Mmadicine." Step by step, treatmont of the prisoner will continue with great caution until he reveals the desired information. 13. It ds recoumended that imnediately after capture soldiers bo interrogated by regimental and divisional intelligence officers on the spot; that is, ac far forward as the main line of resistance or the trenches. 1k. During interrogation, the reg’ and aray intelligence cfficers are to place omp wbal, Givisional, corps, is on the folloming a. Training of the prisoner: b, Strength and combat effectiveness of his unit; c. Reserves; d. Artillery; e, Pankss £. Engineer equipment; g. Equipzont for chenical warfares h. Medical and veterinary facilities; LL Morale and political attitude of the troops; J: The mission of the unit. -26- Appendix IV Page 3 SLCRET. SECURITY INFORMATION -