The Language Of

Medicine
th
10

edition

Davi-Ellen Chabner
Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Chapter 6
Additional Suffixes and
Digestive System
Terminology

Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Chapter Goals
Define new suffixes and use them with
digestive system combining forms.
List and explain laboratory tests, clinical
procedures, and abbreviations common to the
digestive system.
Apply your new knowledge to understanding
medical terms in their proper context, such as
medical reports and records.

Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Chapter 6
Lesson 6.1

Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Suffixes
Suffix

Meaning

-ectasis, -ectasia
-emesis
-pepsia
-phagia
-plasty
-ptysis

__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________

Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Suffixes
Suffix

Meaning

-ectasis, -ectasia
-emesis
-pepsia
-phagia
-plasty
-ptysis

dilation, widening
vomiting
digestion
eating, swallowing
surgical repair
spitting

Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Suffixes (contd)
Suffix

Meaning

-rrhage, -rrhagia
-rrhaphy
-rrhea
-spasm
-stasis
-stenosis
-tresia

__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________

Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Suffixes (contd)
Suffix

Meaning

-rrhage, -rrhagia
-rrhaphy
-rrhea
-spasm

-stasis
-stenosis
-tresia

bursting forth (of blood)

suture
flow, discharge
involuntary contraction
of muscles
stopping; controlling
narrowing, tightening
opening

Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Suffixes (contd)
Suffixes that are also used alone as separate
terms:
Emesis (emetic)
Spasm
Stasis
Stenosis

Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

QUICK QUIZ:
1. Which term means difficulty in swallowing?
A. Dysphasia
B. Dysphagia
C. Dysplasia
D. Polyphagia

Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

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QUICK QUIZ: (contd)

2. Which term means to control or stop
bleeding?
A. Hemostasis
B. Hematoma
C. Hemoptysis
D. Cholestasis

Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

11

Combining Forms
and Terminology
Combining Form

Meaning

__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________

bucc/o
cec/o
celi/o
cheil/o
chol/e
cholangi/o
cholecyst/o
choledoch/o

Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

12

Combining Forms
and Terminology
Combining Form

Meaning

cheek
cecum
abdomen
lip
gall, bile
bile duct (vessel)
gallbladder
common bile duct

bucc/o
cec/o
celi/o
cheil/o
chol/e
cholangi/o
cholecyst/o
choledoch/o

Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

13

Combining Forms and

Terminology (contd)
Combining Form

col/o
colon/o
dent/i
duoden/o
enter/o
esophag/o
gastr/o
gingiv/o

Meaning

__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________

Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

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Combining Forms and

Terminology (contd)
Combining Form

col/o
colon/o
dent/i
duoden/o
enter/o
esophag/o
gastr/o
gingiv/o

Meaning

colon
colon
tooth
duodenum
intestines
esophagus
stomach
gums

Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

15

Combining Forms and

Terminology (contd)
Combining Form

Meaning

__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________

gloss/o
gluc/o
glyc/o
hepat/o
herni/o
ile/o
jejun/o
labi/o

Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

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Combining Forms and

Terminology (contd)
Combining Form

Meaning

tongue
sugar
sugar
liver
hernia
ileum
jejunum
lip

gloss/o
gluc/o
glyc/o
hepat/o
herni/o
ile/o
jejun/o
labi/o

Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

17

Combining Forms and

Terminology (contd)
Combining Form

Meaning

__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________

lingu/o
lip/o
lith/o
odont/o
or/o
palat/o
pancreat/o

Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

18

Combining Forms and

Terminology (contd)
Combining Form

Meaning

tongue
fat
stone
tooth
mouth
palate
pancreas

lingu/o
lip/o
lith/o
odont/o
or/o
palat/o
pancreat/o

Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

19

Combining Forms and

Terminology (contd)
Combining Form

Meaning

__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________

proct/o
pylor/o
rect/o
sialaden/o
splen/o
steat/o
stomat/o

Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

20

Combining Forms and

Terminology (contd)
Combining Form

Meaning

anus and rectum

pyloric sphincter
rectum
salivary gland
spleen
fat
mouth

proct/o
pylor/o
rect/o
sialaden/o
splen/o
steat/o
stomat/o

Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

21

QUICK QUIZ:
3. Which term means enlarged liver?
A. Acromegaly
B. Cardiomegaly
C. Hepatomegaly
D. Hepatitis

Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

22

Laboratory Tests and

Clinical Procedures
Laboratory tests
Liver function tests (LFTs): tests for enzymes and
bilirubin in blood
Stool culture: test for microorganisms in stool
Stool guaiac test or Hemoccult test: test to detect
blood in feces

Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

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QUICK QUIZ:
4. Which of the following tests for the clear
fluid that remains after blood has clotted
(serum)?
A. Stool guaiac
B. Hemoccult
C. Stool culture
D. LFTs

Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

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Laboratory Tests and

Clinical Procedures
Clinical procedures
X-rays
Lower gastrointestinal series (barium enema)
Upper gastrointestinal series
Cholangiography
Computed tomography (CT scan)

Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

25

Laboratory Tests and

Clinical Procedures (contd)
Clinical procedures
Ultrasound examination

Abdominal ultrasonography
Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)
Magnetic resonance techniques

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Nuclear medicine test

Hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid scan (HIDA scan)

Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

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Laboratory Tests and

Clinical Procedures (contd)
Other procedures
Gastric bypass or bariatric surgery: reduces stomach size
Gastrointestinal endoscopy: visual examination of the GI
tract
Laparoscopy: visual examination of the abdomen
Liver biopsy: removal of liver tissue for microscopic
examination
Nasogastric intubation: insertion of a tube through the
nose into the stomach
Paracentesis (abdominocentesis): puncture to remove
fluid from abdomen

Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

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QUICK QUIZ:
5. Which procedure is a surgical puncture to
remove fluid from the abdomen?
A. Laparoscopy
B. Laparotomy
C. Abdominectomy
D. Abdominocentesis

Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

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Abbreviations

alk phos
ALT, AST
BE
BM
BRBPR
CD
CT
EGD
ERCP

__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________

Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

29

Abbreviations

alk phos
ALT, AST
BE
BM
BRBPR
CD
CT
EGD
ERCP

Alkaline phosphatase
Alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase
Barium enema
Bowel movement
Bright red blood per rectum
Celiac disease
Computed tomography
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

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Abbreviations (contd)

EUS
FOBT
G tube
GB
GERD
GI
HBV
IBD
LAC
LFTs

__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

31

Abbreviations (contd)

EUS
FOBT
G tube
GB
GERD
GI
HBV
IBD
LAC
LFTs

Endoscopic ultrasonography
Fecal occult blood test
Gastrostomy tube; also stomach tube, PEG tube
Gallbladder
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Gastrointestinal
Hepatitis B virus
Inflammatory bowel disease
Laparoscopic-assisted colectomy
Liver function tests
Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

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Abbreviations (contd)

MRI
NG tube
NPO
PEG tube
PEJ tube
PTHC
PUD
TPN
T tube

__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________

Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

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Abbreviations (contd)

MRI
NG tube
NPO
PEG tube
PEJ tube
PTHC
PUD
TPN
T tube

Magnetic resonance imaging

Nasogastric tube
Nothing by mouth
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube
Percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy tube
Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography
Peptic ulcer disease
Total parenteral nutrition
Tube placed in the bile duct for drainage into a
small pouch on the outside of the body
Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

34

Review Suffixes
-ase
-centesis
-chezia
-ectasia
-ectasis
-ectomy
-emesis
-emia
-genesis

_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

35

Review Suffixes (contd)

-ase
-centesis
-chezia
-ectasia
-ectasis
-ectomy
-emesis
-emia
-genesis

enzyme
surgical puncture to remove fluid
defecation; elimination of wastes
stretching; dilation; expansion
stretching; dilation; expansion
removal; excision; resection
vomiting
blood condition
producing; forming
Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

36

Review Suffixes (contd)

-graphy
-iasis
-lysis
-megaly
-orexia
-pathy
-pepsia
-phagia

_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

37

Review Suffixes (contd)

-graphy
-iasis
-lysis

-megaly
-orexia
-pathy
-pepsia
-phagia

process of recording
abnormal condition
breakdown; separation;
destruction; loosening
enlargement
appetite
disease; emotion
digestion
eating; swallowing
Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

38

Review Suffixes (contd)

-prandial
-plasty
-ptosis
-ptysis
-rrhage
-rrhagia
-rrhaphy
-rrhea

_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

39

Review Suffixes (contd)

-prandial
-plasty
-ptosis
-ptysis
-rrhage
-rrhagia
-rrhaphy
-rrhea

meal
surgical repair
droop; sag; prolapse; fall
spitting
bursting forth (of blood)
bursting forth (of blood)
suture
flow; discharge

Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

40

Review Suffixes (contd)

-scopy
-spasm
-stasis
-stenosis
-stomy
-tomy
-tresia

_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________

Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

41

Review Suffixes (contd)

-scopy
-spasm
-stasis
-stenosis
-stomy
-tomy
-tresia

visual examination
sudden contraction of muscles
stop; control; place
tightening; stricture
new opening (to form a mouth)
process of cutting
opening

Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

42