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Issue 3,
November 2015
Household
Machinery
Published by:
The Ironing
The Chinese invented the ironing
about thousand
years ago. The first
ironing was shaped as a big sole
with a handle on it and it was directly warmed in the fire. In that
time the people in northern Europe
used stones and wood to smoothen
clothes. In 15th century the ironing
had a rounded top and was made
of brass, but the top become sharp
in the 16th century. They used
mangles to bigger textiles when it
took too long time to use an iron.
In the 17th century it started to be
normal with cast iron made ironings. The first electrical ironing
was invented in USA, in 1882. In
1920 the electrical ironing starts to
spread all over the world. The
Refrigerators
Think like this, you are in 1000
B.C. Youve just cached two large
fish but you know that if you dont
do anything with them, they are
going to be destroyed by the heat
and you wont be able to eat them.
So what are you going to do? This
is where our subject comes in, refrigerating. Okay so refrigerators
was not invented yet but there was
other methods. An example is drying, its the process where you dehydrate meat, seafood, fruit and
other stuff until theres not enough
moisture to support microbial a
kind of bacteria. But a new technique from China was that you
could also have ice blocks around.
That was clever,
right? Now you
could have your
fish stored.
Another way to
store food is in
Earth cellar
an earth cellar,
they were most built and used in
the 17th century. They were built
almost completely underneath the
ground to keep the cold inside and
keep the food that was canned
there cold and thereby make it
keep longer.
What about now? Earth cellars are
still left but only in the country
side and they are not always used
because now we have the fridge.
The first fridge was demonstrated
in 1748 but was first built in 1834.
There are four steps in the cooling
process.
By: Klara & Kajsa Sweden.
http://inve----------ntors.about.com/library/
inventors/blrefrigerator.htm
http://www.aham.org/consumer/ht/action/
GetDocumentAction/id/1409
http://www.homepreservingbible.com/630-anoverview-of-10-home-food-preservation-methodsfrom-ancient-to-modern/
Vacuum Cleaner
The first Vacuum Cleaner was invented in Chicago 1860 by Ives W.
McGaffey.
The British Vacuum Cleaner Company started by Hubert Cecil
Booth operated a car-like vacuum
trolley, which the company would
drive through the street to the clients' residence. Using long tubing,
the vacuum could be snaked into
all the corners of the client's home,
with the unit itself remaining in
the street, outside. Eventually,
with the development and spread of
electricity, portable
models were designed to work to be
plugged in, at individual homes, such
as the company's 'Goblin' brand,
launched in the 1920s.
In traditional vacuum cleaners, a
fan sucks in air, reducing the air
pressure inside the cleaning tube,
and atmospheric pressure then
pushes the air up the tube and into
the bag. The air carries dirt with
it, and while the air freely moves
through the dust bags small pores
to the vacuum exhaust, the dirt
gets trapped inside the bag. 1868
Daniel Hess patents a vacuum
cleaner, it appears to be the first
recorded. 1905 Chapman and Skinner in San Fransisco invented a
movable vacuum cleaner. 2002
Helen Greiner and her colleages at
iRobot introduced Roomba the robot vacuum cleaner. The Vacuum
Cleaner clean your house.
http://www.achooallergy.com/learning/americanvacuum-cleaning-history-trends/,
http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/
vacleaner.htm,
https://www.google.se/search?q=the+first+vacuum
THE HOUSEHOLD
EXHIBITION
/ITALY/
EXHIBITIONHousehold Machinery
Household
Machinery
/TURKEY/
The beginnings
From ancient times up to the 16th
century people washed their clothes
in local streams.
They used special wooden tools, like
washing bats or boards to scrub and
beat the dirt out of
the cloth. They were
also
useful
for
smoothing dry cloth.
There
were
two
techniques
for
washing the dirt out:
slapping clothes and trampling them
with bare feet.
Bucking was a special technique to
whiten and cleanse the cloth. People
soaked laundry in
lye which was a
mixture of animal
ashes and urine.
People
washed
their clothes and household linens
after several months, later once a
week. The first washing soap was
found in Rome, where the ashes
containing the fat of sacrificial
animals was used as soap. Firstly,
soap was used by washerwomen
whose employers paid for it. But by
the 18th century, soap was
widespread.
Washing and drying
were often public or group activities.
In Europe and America people
established communal bleaching
areas. Spring was the season of The
Grand Wash or Great
Wash
because
sunshine helped to
bleach
off
white
cloth.
Made by Marek
and Vivien,
Slovakia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washi
ng_machine
http://www.oldandinteresting.com/h
istory-washing-machines.aspx
http://electroluxdesignlab.com/en/su
bmission/clean-scent/
http://www.lg.com/us/laundry
Modern washers
The first automatic washers were introduced by Bendix Corporation in
1937. They were similar to todays washers but they lacked some important
features, like the drum suspension that prevent washers from walking.
Many US manufacturers introduced competing automatic machines in the
late 1940s and early 1950s.. In 2000, the British inventor James
Dyson produced a type of washing machine with two cylinders rotating in
opposite directions. This washer reduced the wash time and produced
cleaner washing than a single cylinder machine. In 2001, Whirlpool
Corporation introduced a washer with a washplate in the bottom of the tub
to bounce, shake, and toss the laundry around. Simultaneously, water
containing detergent was sprayed on to the laundry.
Household
machineries
7 13 years old
14 19 years old
Summary
women
me
n
women
men
women
men
Fridge
52
24
11
59
26
178
Wasching
machine
15
40
15
82
Toaster
14
11
35
Vacuum cleaner
31
Mixer
18
Cooker
24
11
55
11
10
40
Iron
20
Dishwasher
11
32
11
31
Electric kettle
10
25
Coffee machine
10
25
Food
processor
19
Bathroom or
kitchen scale
Sandwicher
12
12
50
14
Hair dryer
15
31
Hair straightener
13
17
32
Shaver
Curling-pin
13
Microwave
Oven
New Vocabulary
Freezer
Students from our school prepared a questionnaire about household machineries and their importance in our
lives. They asked a very simple question which equipments, in people opinion, are the most important and
they cant live without them anymore. They asked people of all ages and sexes: students and adults, women
and men.
They questioned 120 people.
The answers are not surprising.
For the girls age 7 13, the most important is a fridge, a washing machine, a hair dryer and a toaster. They
dont need a scale or a shaver.
For the boys age 7 13, the most important is a fridge, a toaster and a washing machine. The least needed are:
a hair straightener, a hair dryer and a shaver.
For the teenage girls (age 14 19), the most important is a hair straightener, a fridge and a hair dryer. They
dont need a toaster, a mixer, an iron, a coffee machine, a food procesor, a scale, a frezer or a shaver.
For the teenage boys (age 14 19), the most important is a sandwicher, a dishwasher, a fridge and a microwave. The least needed are: a wasching machine, a mixer, an iron, a scale, a hair straightener, a hair dryer and
a curling pin.
For the women age 20 and older, the most important is a fridge, a wasching machine and a cooker. The least needed are: a food procesor, a shaver and a toaster.
I have got
QUIZ answers:
1. a
Dear friends and our readers!
2. c
In this issue 3 we have worked with Household machineries, history of
3. b
household, development and importance in our lives. Our students
4. a
searched the Internet looking for facts, they read books and they asked
5. b
people of all ages and sexes about this topic. They worked with pleasure, 6. a
they discovered- and they werent surprise- that we cant live without
7. c
household machineries at all! We hope you enjoyed Techmates 3 and we 8. a
9. b
are looking forward the next issue 4 Transportation Technology.
10. c