16-1 struggles in latin america

Propaganda for Good Neighbor Policy in US

mexico

economic growth only benefits small elite population

mestizos and indian peasants remain poor under Diaz
1910 Francisco Madero demanded free election, Diaz resigned
changes in mexico after revolution
constitution of 1917:
nationalization of natural resources
minimum wage
workers rights
women rights tho not suffrage yet
PRI gained control
appealed to diverse groups
incorporated ^their demands
suppressed opposition
dominated mexico until 2000
reforms materialize
PRI brought stability and 1920s
marked reforms
land distribution under Cardenas
(president)
nationalized oil resources
nationalism in latin america

econ nationalism
as export declined due to great depression in US,
latin americans want control over own economy
develop down self-sufficed economy rather than
relying on others economy
protectionism
local govt set up business and factories
political nationalism
econ nationalism gave rise to political nationalism
econ downturn led people to feel discontent with
oligarchy government
authoritarianism took hold
cultural nationalism
revival of mural painting in Mexico (dated back to
Aztecs and Maya)
good neighbor
US intervened in mexican revolution to realize own
interest
FDR'S good neighbor policy: Us lessen
interference in latin american nations withdraw troops in Haiti and
Nicaragua
16-2 nationalism in africa and middle east

Quote by WEB Du Bois

africans and colonial rule

WWI many colonists fought for UK in hopes of independence but
in vain
western scholars began to condemn imperialism
colonists treated harshly

segregation in AFrica Apartheid (policy of rigid

segregation) Africa
African National congress formed by Black africans to protest
unfair laws
pan africa
africa for africans: call for unification of all african descents
call to end colonial rule
WEB DuBois established Pan African Congress to demand end of
colonization
negritude movement: french speaking africans call for end to
colonization
Egyptians gain independence through Muslim Brotherhood
organization that fostered Islamic nationalism, rejecting western culture,
denouncing British controlled Egyptian govt
Turk and Persia
turks resisted western control after ottoman collapsed
after ottoman falls areas in asia minor was delegated to UK,
France, even greece
turks fought Greek forces and declared Turkish republic
Ataturk: father of turk
radical reforms to modernize turkey
hired western advisors
iron rule: anti-religion
Persia (now Iran)
influenced by success in Turkey
resisted British and Russian influences in Persia
Reza Khan seized power proclaimed himself Shah
rushed to modernize persia
persuaded british to share oil profits with persia
pan russianism
all arabian descents unite to resurrect arab
civilization golden age
felt betrayed as allies promised independence in
arabian nations (ottoman) after WWI but allies just carved collapsed
ottoman up b/w themselves
Palestine: arab nationalists vs. jewish nationalists
palestine
british made promise to arabs during WWI that after
ottoman fall theyll get palestine
but british also made the Balfour Declaration with
jews
Jews in eastern europe are
discriminated
jews wanna return to places like
israel
british promise jews that theyll get a
jew nation (palestine)

jews mass migrate to palestine after WWI for the

Zionist movement

jews conflict w/ arabians

15-3 India

The Salt March in India

Amritsar massacre: british commander fired and killed many; turning point,
mobilized indians
independence movement
lost of Indians fought for Britain during WWI
Mohandas Gandhi united indians across class line
he studied law in britain
hundu
non violence by gandhi
ahimsa: nonviolence and reverence for all life

accords with thoreau's civil disobedience

ex: boycott
wide support

march to sea led by gandhi

by the time they reached the sea marchers numbered in

salt march

thousands
indians started selling salt on streets and collecting salt
britain began to agree to some demands
yet as WWII ended and india has to become independence, fear of a hindu
majority set conflict b/w hindu and muslims in india
i love how the textbook (again) blames conflict in india on muslims
and hindu in india rather than britians who carved up pakistan and india in such a
way that lead to conflict LOL
15-4 china yay

illustration of may fourth movement

chinese republic
warlords seize power in local provinces
yuan shikai tried to seize power become emperor
famine oh no
foreign imperialism
japans 21 demands make china japans protectorate
WWI paris peace conference gave china territory from germany to
japan
may fourth
students respond to paris peace conference
women played major role

communism arises
KMT
Jiang Jieshi/Chiang Kai-Shek (=.):
after sun died, led KMT
northern expedition w/ communists: crushed warlords
seize chance to strike communist too
mao and CCP
long march by KMT to destroy CCP
CCP uses guerilla warfare
KMT lost
amid all this, japan invaded manchuria successfully
jiang had to unite with CCP to fight japan
nanjing massacre
15-5 conflicting forces in japan

portrait of emperor Hirohito

hirohito () reigned for 63 years: japan enjoyed success but also tragedies
WWI japan econ rose as industrial power
annexed korea
21 demands and china
japan moved toward democracy
Diet exercised power
political power still manipulated by powerful japanese business
leaders
yet rural peasants didnt share prosperity (emergence of socialist
ideology)
earthquakes :(
nationalist reaction
ultranationalists condemn politicians for agreeing to western
demands to stop overseas expansion

racial policies in US canada and australia shutting out japanese

immigrants spurred nationalism
econ crisis worsened (great depression).. so set for manchuria
manchurian incident
militarism
military domination as country unrest
socialists cracked down
democratic freedoms restrained
ancient warrior values revived and cult was built around Hirohito
(sun goddess)
education was manipulated by state