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ACHPER (SA)

2014

Slide Set 3
Key Concept 1: The Sources of Energy
Affecting Physical Performance
Sub-Concept 4 - Contribution of energy
systems in specific activities

Principle 1 : Exercise Physiology and


Physical Activity

ACHPER (SA)
2014

Sub-Concept 4 Contribution of energy systems in


activities
specific
Emphasis on
different activities and the level of effort required for those efforts indicate
different energy needs.

Heart rate has been used as a means of identifying the dominant energy pathway,
especially in relation to the effort required at any point in an activity.

The effort in relation to the skills or techniques involved useful in identification.

For example:

Data shows the skill based efforts of a player in a team


game.

Factors such as shots for goal involve power, speed and


strength in a short burst.

This indicates the anaerobic energy systems would be


major contributors in the provision of energy for this type
of activity or effort.

Identify another effort from the table where the anaerobic


systems would
be dominant.
Answer
= Contesting
ball = strength, power speed

all anaerobic type efforts. There are more pick


them!
Key
Concept 1: The Sources of Energy Affecting Physical Performance
Text Pages 29

ACHPER (SA)
2014

Sub-Concept 4 Contribution of energy systems in


The table is an excellent summary of the dominant energy systems in different activities.
specific activities

BUT be careful they are ALL individual activities the previous section is an excellent

example of them in a TEAM SETTING of varying levels of effort (the team game and heart rate
case study).

Key Concept 1: The Sources of Energy Affecting Physical Performance


Text Pages 30

ACHPER (SA)
2014

Slide Set 4
Key Concept 1: The Sources of Energy
Affecting Physical Performance
Sub-Concept 5 - Acute response to exercise:
responses in the circulatory, respiratory, and
muscular systems to provide energy

Principle 1 : Exercise Physiology and


Physical Activity

ACHPER (SA)
2014

Sub-Concept 5 Acute response to exercise: responses


in the circulatory, respiratory, and muscular systems to
provide energy

Acute responses to exercise are the immediate changes that occur in


associated body systems once activity or exercise begins.

The body systems that are important in the area of exercise include the
circulatory (heart, blood vessels and blood) the respiratory system (lungs)
and the muscular system (muscles and associated structures).

The reasons behind the increased rates of contribution by the systems are
important when looking at the acute responses.

The degree or amount of changes are also essential.

Key Concept 1: The Sources of Energy Affecting Physical Performance


Text Pages 30

ACHPER (SA)
2014

Acute response to exercise:


What happens?

Describe the relationship being


highlighted in the diagram
between stroke volume and
heart rate with intensity of

140
190

activity.
Answer = As the

120

intensity of activity

170

increases the demand

100
150

for more energy by the

Stroke Volume (mls/beat)

Heart Rate (beats/min)


80

130

muscles also increases.


The body responds to

60

110
90

40

70

20

this demand increasing


body functions that will
help fulfill this.

The graph shows how


stroke volume and heart

50

Oxygen Consumption (litres/min)


Heart Rate (beats/min)

Key Concept 1: The Sources of Energy Affecting Physical Performance


Text Pages 30 - 31

rate Increased
increase inacute
relation

responses

to an increase in work
load Increased
(oxygen work

load
consumption).

ACHPER (SA)
2014

Fill in
Respiratory System Acute Responses to Exercise

Body function
Breathing
Rate
Tidal Volume
Oxygen
uptake
(VO2 max)

Change
due
to activity
Increase

Increase

Increase
Increase

Lung diffusion
Ventilation
rate

Decrease
No change
Increase
Decrease
No change

Reason

the
blanks!

The number of breaths per minute increases


from 10 breaths per minute during rest to 45
breaths per minute at maximal effort.
Breaths per minute increases to meet the energy
demands of the muscles with the onset of
activity from 0.6 l/min to 2.5 l/min during
maximal effort
Due to an increased demand for oxygen by the
working muscles. From 0.3 l/min at rest to up to
7.6
l/min at maximal effort
The rate at which oxygen moves from the
lungs into the blood increases (speeds up)

From 6 l/min at rest to up to 110 l/min at


maximal effort.

Key Concept 1: The Sources of Energy Affecting Physical Performance


Text Pages 31

ACHPER (SA)
2014

Fill in
Circulatory System Acute Responses to Exercise

Body function
Heart rate

Cardiac output

the
blanks!

Change
due
to activity
Increase
Increase
Decrease
No change

Blood flow to
working muscles

Increase

Stroke volume

Increase
Decrease
No change

Reason
Due to an increased demand for oxygen by the
working muscles
The heart pumps out more blood / minute
of the muscles
(litres) to meet the needs
increased work demands. (5 litres @ rest to 17
litres @ maximum effort).
Due to an increased demand for oxygen by the
working muscles

INCREASE. The heart pumps out more blood

/beat (mls / beat) to meet


the needs of the
muscles increased work demands (70 mls @
rest to 90 mls at maximum effort)

Key Concept 1: The Sources of Energy Affecting Physical Performance


Text Pages 32

ACHPER (SA)
2014

Circulatory System Acute Responses to Exercise

Body function

Systolic blood
pressure

Diastolic blood
pressure

Change
due
to activity

Increase

Reason

The arteries pressure will increase in relation to


the blood being pumped out of the heart e.g: 120
mmHg at rest to something like 170 mmHg during
exercise.

There will be no change to diastolic pressure as


No change this is the arteries in a state of recovery. mmHg
would be 80 in the average human.

Key Concept 1: The Sources of Energy Affecting Physical Performance


Text Pages 32

ACHPER (SA)
2014

Muscular System Acute Responses to ExerciseFill in


Body function

Change
due
to activity

Motor unit activity

Increases

Muscle fibre
recruitment

Increase
Decreases
No change

the
blanks!

Reason
Due to increased muscle activity / work.
The force needed to engage in activity

increases so muscle fibres needed are


increased

Muscle enzyme
activity

Increases

Due to increased chemical reactions in the muscle


associated with the increased need for energy.

Muscle fuel stores

Decreases

Fuel stores at the muscle site such as Creatine


Phosphate, Glycogen and Fatty Acid become
depleted because these fuels are needed for
increased muscular work (based on the intensity &
duration of the activity)

Key Concept 1: The Sources of Energy Affecting Physical Performance


Text Pages 33

ACHPER (SA)
2014

Muscular System Acute Responses to ExerciseFill in

the
blanks!

Body function

Change
due
to activity

Reason

Increase
Muscle Temperature

Greater friction through increased work


rate of muscle fibres increases
temperature .

Decreases
No change

Arterio-venous
oxygen difference
(aVO2)

Increase
Decreases
No change

The muscles use more of the oxygen


delivered to them e.g: 6 at rest would
become 14 at maximum effort.

Key Concept 1: The Sources of Energy Affecting Physical Performance


Text Pages 33

ACHPER (SA)
2014

Acute Response to Exercise


An important acute response = Arterio-venous Oxygen
Difference (aVO2)

Arterio-venous oxygen difference refers to the amount of oxygen delivered to the muscles
based on the level of work (effort or intensity) of exercise being completed.

A r te r ie s (a r te r io le s ) fe e d in g b lo o d r ic h o x y g e n in to th e m u s c le
( 2 0 m ls o f o x y g e n p e r 1 0 0 m ls o f b lo o d )

T h e m u s c le u s e s th e a m o u n t o r % o f o x yg e n d e live r e d
b a s e d o n th e a c tivity a n d its IN T E N S IT Y b e in g c o m p le te d

V e in s (v e n u le s ) ta k e b lo o d a n d u n u s e d o x y g e n a w a y fr o m th e m u s c le
( a m o u n t is b a s e d o n th e in e ts n ity o f th e e x e r cis e c o m p le te d )
Key Concept 1: The Sources of Energy Affecting Physical Performance
Text Pages 33

ACHPER (SA)
2014

Acute Response to Exercise


An important acute response = Arterio-venous Oxygen
Difference (aVO2)

Muscles use only 6 mls or 30% of the total amount available at rest regardless of a
persons fitness
A r te r ie s (a r te r io le s ) fe e d in g b lo o d r ic h o x y g e n in to th e m u s c le
level.

( 2 0 m ls o f o x y g e n p e r 1 0 0 m ls o f b lo o d )

T h e m u s c le s u s e 6 m ls d u r in g
R E ST

V e in s (v e n u le s ) ta k e b lo o d a n d u n u s e d o x y g e n a w a y fr o m th e m u s c le
( 1 4 m ls o f o x y g e n p e r 1 0 0 m ls o f b lo o d )
Key Concept 1: The Sources of Energy Affecting Physical Performance
Text Pages 34

ACHPER (SA)
2014

Acute Response to Exercise


An important acute response = Arterio-venous Oxygen
Difference (aVO2)

Muscles use 16 mls or 80% or more of the total amount of oxygen available at maximal effort. The
fitter the person
the more oxygen they use. This is a great advantage because this extra oxygen is used for energy

release and the

A r te r ie s (a r te r io le s ) fe e d in g b lo o d r ic h o x y g e n in to th e m u s c le

breakdown of bi-products
( 2 such
0 m l saso flactic
o x y gacid.
e n p e r 1 0 0 m ls o f b lo o d )
In this case the more that is used the better!

T h e m u s c le s u s e u p to 1 6 m ls d u r in g
M A X IM A L E F F O R T S

V e in s (v e n u le s ) ta k e b lo o d a n d u n u s e d o x y g e n a w a y fr o m th e m u s c le
( 1 4 m ls o f o x y g e n p e r 1 0 0 m ls o f b lo o d )
(
Key Concept 1: The Sources of Energy Affecting Physical Performance
Text Pages 34

ACHPER (SA)
2014

Acute Response to Exercise


An important acute response = Arterio-venous Oxygen
Difference (aVO2)

Explain a reason for the increased

arterio-venous oxygen difference


with increasing exercise intensity.

Work Efforts (% of maximum)

4
Answer = The intensity of the

effort required during the activity


has increased (work efforts as a %

of maximal efforts). From 1 to 5.


As these efforts increase the
demand for oxygen by the muscles

1
0

10 12 14 16 18

Arterio-venous oxygen difference (a-VO2 mls/100 mls)

increases from 6 mls at 1% of


max. to 16mls at 5% of max.
This oxygen is used to help
provide more energy for the

Key Concept 1: The Sources of Energy Affecting Physical Performance


higher work loads required by the
Text Pages 35

ACHPER (SA)
2014

Acute Response to Exercise


Case Study Acute Responses During a Fitness Test of Varying
Intensities.
200

The diagram below shows the


heart rate of a trained athlete
during a test of changing
intensity or work over time.

h e a rt ra te d u rin g a c tiv ity


( b e a ts p e r m in u te )

180
160

Identify 2 acute responses that


occur during A on the graph:

140

Answer = can be any of the


ones in the tables on pages
35 37 in the text. In an
exam answer it would require
one from each system.

120

100

80

2
r e s ti n g p u l s e r a te

60
0

a c ti v i ty ti m e

10

r e c o v e r y ti m e a fte r e x e r c i s e

15

4+

Identify the phenomenon seen


in line B on the graph.
Answer = Work rate is at a
constant for some time =
STEADY STATE.

Tim e ( m in )
Key Concept 1: The Sources of Energy Affecting Physical Performance
Text Pages 35 - 36

ACHPER (SA)
2014

Acute Response to Exercise


Case Study Acute Responses During a Fitness Test of Varying
Intensities.
200

Identify and explain the point of the run where fat


would become the dominant energy supplier
during activity.

h e a rt ra te d u rin g a c tiv ity


( b e a ts p e r m in u te )

180
160

Answer = Tricky question! The activity only


goes for 15 minutes although fat is
responsible for some energy release IT IS NOT
a dominant supplier because the length of
activity is TOO short. Carbohydrate would be
the dominant source for energy release. It
would be aerobic too!

140

120

100

80

2
r e s tin g p u ls e r a te

60
0

a c tiv ity tim e

Explain 3 acute response changes seen from point C


to point D in the systems indicated.

r e c o v e r y tim e a fte r e x e r c is e

Answer = Once again any of the ones listed in


the tables on pages 35 37 of the text.
Tim e ( m in )
The emphasis would need to be on the fact
they rise because the effort required in the
Explain how the acute responses identified test
in the
previous
question
change
has
increased
from
140 during
beats this
pertime
after exercise (recovery).
minute up to over 180 beats at the conclusion
of the test at 15 minutes.
Answer =They would decrease over time because recovery would occur at a lower
intensity (beats per minute)
0

10

15

4+

Key Concept 1: The Sources of Energy Affecting Physical Performance


Text Pages 35 - 36

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