Urdu - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 1, the free encyclopedia Urdu 3236 1a: [irau] eH listen) is a Central Indo-Aryantanguage PI of the Indo-ranian branch, belongingto the Indo-European family of languages It is one ofthe two official languages(the other being English) of Pakistan It is also one of the 22 scheduledlanguagesof India and is an official languageof five Indianstates, Its vocabularydevelopedunder Persian Arabie Turkicand Pashta, Urdu was mainly developedin western Uttar Pradesh India, which is, the seat of Hindustanilanguagesin the Indian Subcontinent but began taking shapeduringthe Delhi Sultanateas well as Mughal Empire (1526-1858) in South Asia, Urdu is the means of ‘communicationbetweenthe people from various provincesand regionsof Pakistan, and the Pakistanisand Indianstoo, Due to historicalaffinitiesand a largenumberof Afghanrefugeesin Pakistan, Urdu is alreadyread, understoodand spoken by most Afghans!) LanguagescholarsindependentlycategorizeUrdu as a standardizedregisterof Hindustani (iterallytranslatedmeans belongingto Hindustar) “II termed the standard dialeetKhariboli ‘61 The grammaticaldescriptionin this article concernsthis standard Urdu, In general the term “Urdu’ can encompassdialects of Hindustaniother than the standardisedversions The original languageof the Mughals was Chagatai a Turkiclanguage but after their arrivalin South Asia, they came to adopt Persian Gradually the need to communicatewith local inhabitantsled to & compositionof Sanskritderivedianguages written in the Perso-Arabie scriptand with literary conventionsand specialisedvocabularybeing retained from Persian Arabic and Turkic the new dialectwas eventuallygivenits own name of Urdi!”) ‘The word Urduis believedto be derived from the Turkicor Mongolian word ‘Ord, which ‘means army encampment 191011, was initially called Zabane-Ordwe-Mialla "languageof ‘the Exalted Camp" (in Persian) and later just Urata" It obtained its name from Urdu Bazas i. encampment(Urdu in Turki) market, the market near the Red Fortin the walledcity of Delhi. nan3) Standard Urdu has approximatelythe twentieth largestpopulationof nativespeakers among all languages Urdu is often contrasted with Hind, anotherstandardisedform of Hindustani“) The main 4ifferencesbetweenthe two are that Standard Urdu is conventionallywrttenin Nastalig, callgraphystyleof the Perso-Arabic sript and draws vocabularymore heavily fom Persianand Arabig!"®! while StandardHindiis conventionallywrittenin Devandgariand draws vocabulary from Sanskriteomparatively'“! more heavily!*) Most linguists nonethelessconsider Urdu and Hindito be two standardizedformsof the same languagel'7I!'8) others classifythem separately 191 while some consider any differencesto be sociolinguistic”! It shouldbe noted, however, ‘that mutual iteligibiltydecreasesin lteraryand specializedcontexts Furthermore due to religiousnationalismsince the parttionof British India and consequentcontinuedcommunal tensions native speakersof both Hindiand Urdu increasinalyasser them o be completely distinctlanguages "Contents 1 1 Speakersand geographicdistribution = 2 Official status = 3 Dialects = 4.Grammar + 5 Levelsof formality ‘= 5.1 Politeness = 6 Vocabulary «7 Writingsystem bupfen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu Page Urdu | Sul | Urdu in | Persian-Arabie | Bs iH if “oxast ig i style) | Pronunciation 4 at | Spoken in Pakistan, India Also in various counties ve 1 immigration, USA, UK, as jermany, Canad, UAE, Saudi Arabia, Australia, Fil, Afghanistan and Burma (Myanma. | Region South Asia | Tota speakers 400 milion | Ranking 4h (native speakers of Unda “Language Indo-European family + Western Hind! "Unda Writing system Urdu alphabet (Nasia Meri), 00 other less-used writing systems below | Oftcil status Pakistan =m India National Language Authoriy, | (Pakistan); [National Couneil for Promotion of Urdu language (tp! \wwwwurducouneitne.in), | (indian Language codes | ued urd (heepe// wn, ethnologue. con/ | shove cod Language. asp? urd) ‘This artelecontains IPA phoneti symbols |Without prope enderingsippor, you may sce {question marks boxes oF ober symbols instead of Uniodecharacters 21/4/2010 9:53:59 A