Inst 9211 Lec - Manual PDF

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High Availability Clustering with the

SLE HA Extension 11
Course 9211
Version 1.1.0
Lecture Manual
October 29,2010
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SECTION 1
Introduction to HA Clustering in SLE11
SECTION 2
Install and Configure HA Clustering in SLE11
SECTION 3
Introduction to the Cluster Information Base
SECTION 4
Introduction to Cluster Resources
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SECTION 5
Manage Clustered Storage with a SAN
95
SECTION 6
Splitbrain Avoidance and Management
111
SECTION 7
Configure Safe Logical Clusterd Storage
131
SECTION 8
Configure Active Active Clusters Storage
159
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Version 1
Copying all or part of this manual, or distributing such copies, is strictly prohibited.
To report suspected copying, please call 1-800-PIRATES.
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Contents
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"High Availability Clustering with the SLE HA Extension 11"
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Notes:
Acronyms:
CRM = Cluster Resource Manager
DC = Designated Controller (master node)
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Notes:
Acronyms:

CIB = Cluster Information Base
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Acronyms:

PE = Policy Engine
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Acronyms:

PE = Policy Engine
STONITH = Shoot The Other Node In The Head (Fencing daemon)
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Acronyms:

PE = Policy Engine
LRM = Local Resource Manager
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Acronyms:

PE = Policy Engine

RA = Resource Agent
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Acronyms:

PE = Policy Engine

RA = Resource Agent
OpenAIS = Cluster membership daemon
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Acronyms:

PE = Policy Engine

RA = Resource Agent
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Install and Configure HA Clustering in

SLE11
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SECTION 2
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SECTION 3
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Example CIB XML from a running 2 node cluster
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The Cluster Information Base consists of two main parts <configuration> and
<status>. The <cib> tag also contains important information about the cluster.
<configuration>
-Stores the cluster configuration information
-This is stored on disk so that it can be loaded into memory when the heartbeat
daemon starts
-This portion of the CIB is persistent
<status>
-Stores the current state of the cluster
-This is dynamically generated and therefore never stored on disk

-This portion of the CIB is dynamically generated.
The <cib> section contains information about the state of the cluster as known by an
individual node.
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The <cib/> Section:
admin_epoch=
-Can be defined by the administrator to force the CIB on one node to override all
other CIBs
-The CIB on the node with the highest admin_epoch will be synchronized to all other
cluster nodes
epoch=
-Automatically updated after a re-election of the DC
-The epoch value on a cluster node must agree with the other cluster nodes for that
node to have quorum
num_updates=
-Automatically updated after any change to the CIB
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Notes:
The configuration section contains 4 main sections:
<crm_config>
-contains general cluster configuration values

-if empty the defaults apply
<nodes>
-contains a list of cluster nodes
<resources>
-contains a list of cluster resources
<constraints>
-contains a list of cluster resource constraints
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<crm_config>
-contains general cluster configuration values
-if empty the defaults apply
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<nodes>
-contains a list of cluster nodes
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<resources>
-contains a list of cluster resources
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<constraints>
-contains a list of cluster resource constraints
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The <status> Section:
The status section contains information about the current state of the cluster. This
typically will include entries for the nodes currently joined to the cluster as well as
the resources running on those nodes.
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The <node_status> Section:
The <node_status> section contains information about the current status of a cluster
node
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The <lrm> Section:
The <lrm> section of the <node_status> section contains entries for each resource
that is running on that node or has run on that node.
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Notes:
The CRM_GUI is a graphical cluster management utility.
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Notes:
The crm_mon command is no-interactive ans does nothing more than to display the
current state of the cluster (nodes and resource). The default refresh time is 15
seconds. This can be changed using the -i option.
Example: crm_mon -i 1 (for a 1 second refresh)
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Notes:
The crm command has a number of sub functions that are used to manage the cluster.
Here are some examples of how the crm command can be used:
Resource Management:
crm resource is used to manage cluster resources

Resource Configuration:
crm configure is used to configure cluster resources

Node Configuration:
crm node is used to configure cluster nodes
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SECTION 4
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Notes:
Note: stonith can also be a resource agent type but it is only used for stonith devices.
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Notes:
LSB scripts:
-These scripts support only the start, stop, restart, reload, force-reload, and status
parameters.
Example:
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Heartbeat scripts:
Example:
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OCF scripts:
-These scripts are categorized by provider (or the component with witch they are
packaged)
--(providers include, heartbeat, lvm2, ocfs2, pacemaker)
-The scripts exist in subdirectories named for the respective provider, of /usr/lib/ocf/
resource.d/
-These scripts allow for parameters to be passed in when the script is run. This
enables you to define parameters for the script to operate on such as the IP address
and NIC to operate on, etc.
-To display all of the parameters that an OCF script can accept the meta-data
parameter can be used when calling an OCF script from the CLI.
Example:
/usr/lib/ocf/resource.d/heartbeat/Ipaddr2 metadata
-To test if certain values will work with the script the validate-all parameter can be
used when calling an OCF script from the CLI.
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-The values that are passed in from the CLI are always proceeded by
OCF_RESKEY_
Example:
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OCF_ROOT=/usr/lib/ocf OCF_RESKEY_ip=10.0.0.1 OCF_RESKEY_nic=eth0 /

usr/lib/ocf/resource.d/heartbeat/Ipaddr2 validate-all
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STONITH scripts:
-These can be either scripts or binaries.
Example:
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Notes:
<primitive> attribute definitions:

id = Unique identifying value
class = Type of resource agent being used (i.e. ocf, lsb, heartbeat, etc.). Defines
location
(in the file system) to start looking for the agent referenced in the type = field
type = The name of the resource agent script being called
provider = The subdirectory of the path defined by the class that contains the script
<operations> parameters are passed to the LRM
<instance_attributes> parameters are passed to the RA scripts
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Notes:
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Notes:
Clone resources are an extension of primitive resources and therefor include them in
their definitions.
clone_node_max:The maximum number of instances of the resource that are
allowed to run per node.
clone_max:The maximum number of instances of the resource that are allowed to

run in the cluster
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Notes:
Master/Slave resources are also an extension of primitive resources and therefore

include them in their definition
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Notes:
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SECTION 5
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Notes:
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Notes:
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Notes:
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Notes:
Fibre channel hardware is expensive and complex to manage. SLES iSCSI lets you
consolidate storage and improve the management of your storage infrastructure on
the well known TCP/IP infrastructure. It is a lower cost, more flexible alternative to
fibre channel. With SLES iSCSI, you can easily add storage and repartition existing
storage between systems and logical groupings. If one user volume is growing too
rapidly, storage from another area can be allocated to it.
Some of the benefits of implementing iSCSI include
Low-cost hardware requirements
Longer distance storage connectivity

Easy-to-manage SAN solution
Scalability and flexibility
Reduced SAN management training requirements
Increased flexibility in storage management and growth

Ability to create a SAN from existing direct-attached storage servers
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Notes:
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Notes:
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Notes:
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Notes:
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SECTION 6
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Notes:
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Notes:
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Notes:
Typically the STONITH action should be to power off or panic the offending
machine. Common STONITH devices used in production are network managed
power switches and remote server administration boards (DRAC, RILO, etc.)
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Notes:
The SBD daemons purpose is to monitor a specific part of a shared disk for a poison
pill and shutdown or restart the cluster node if it is present. This shared disk, when
initialized, will contain slots for each cluster node to monitor. The first time the
SBD daemon starts on a node it will attempt to claim a slot on the SBD device.
This is portion of the disk that it will monitor for poison pills.
In the SLE HAE, the openais init script will attempt to start the SBD daemon before
starting any other part of the cluster stack. If the SBD daemon cannot start, the rest of
the cluster stack will not start. The init script will only attempt to start the SBD
daemon if the /etc/sysconfig/sbd file exists.
The /etc/sysconfig/sbd file contains two variables:
SBD_DEVICE= (device file used as the SBD device.)
SBD_OPTS= (CLI options to pass to the SBD daemon when it is launched)
The device used as the SBD_DEVICE can be very small because each slot is no
larger than 1 disk block. It is also recommended that you refer to the SBD deice by its
persistent device name (found in /dev/disk/)
You should also enable the SBD daemon to use the watchdog device. The watchdog
is used to ensure that th SBD daemon can communicate with the shared storage. If it
cannot, the watchdog will fire causing the node to reboot. (For this reason you may
wish to NOT have the cluster stack start automatically at boot time to avoid a possible
infinite reboot loop if the SBD device is not accessible.)
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To enable the watchdog, you first must ensure that the appropriate wachdog kernel
module softdog kernel module loads at boot time (common watchdog kernel
modules: softdog=generic watchdog device, hpwdt=HP hardware watchdog device,
iTCO_wdt=Intel hardware watchdog device). You can do this by adding the kernel
module to the MODULES_LOADED_ON_BOOT= line of the /etc/sysconfig/kernel
file (or by adding modprobe KERNEL_MODULE_NAME to the /etc/init.d/
boot.local file). You then need to add -W to SBD_OPTS= variable in the /etc/
sysconfig/sbd file.
If your SBD device resides on a multipath group, you may need to adjust the timeouts
SBD uses, as MPIO's path down detection can cause delays.
After the msgwait timeout, the message is assumed to have been delivered to the
node. For multipath, this should be the time required for MPIO to detect a path failure
and switch to the next path. You may have to test this in your environment.
The node will perform suicide if it has not updated the watchdog timer fast enough;
the watchdog timeout must be shorter than the msgwait timeout - half the value is a
good rule of thumb. To do this add the following to the SBD_OPTS= variable in the /
etc/sysconfig/sbd file:
-1 <watchdog_timeout_in_secs> -4 <msgwait_in_secs>
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Notes:
To enable SBD fencing, once the daemon is running, you must create a STONITH
cluster resource for SBD.
As with all STONITH resources, a single instance is sufficient. If the cluster node
that is currently running the SBD resource needs to be fenced (in the case of a splitbrain), another instance of the SBD resource will be stared to perform the fencing
action (due to the node with the split-brain not being able to perform any action
because it does not have quorum).
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SECTION 7
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SECTION 8
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High Availability Clustering with the

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Introduction to HA Clustering in SLE11

Install and Configure HA Clustering in SLE11

Introduction to the Cluster Information Base

Introduction to Cluster Resources

Manage Clustered Storage with a SAN

Splitbrain Avoidance and Management

Configure Safe Logical Clusterd Storage

Configure Active Active Clusters Storage

Novell Training Services (en) 15 April 2009

Novell Training Services (en) 15 April 2009

"High Availability Clustering with the SLE HA Extension 11"

Introduction to HA Clustering in SLE11

Novell Training Services (en) 15 April 2009

Introduction to HA Clustering in SLE11

Novell Training Services (en) 15 April 2009

"High Availability Clustering with the SLE HA Extension 11"

Novell Training Services (en) 15 April 2009

Introduction to HA Clustering in SLE11

Novell Training Services (en) 15 April 2009

"High Availability Clustering with the SLE HA Extension 11"

Novell Training Services (en) 15 April 2009

Introduction to HA Clustering in SLE11

Novell Training Services (en) 15 April 2009

"High Availability Clustering with the SLE HA Extension 11"

Novell Training Services (en) 15 April 2009

Introduction to HA Clustering in SLE11

Novell Training Services (en) 15 April 2009

"High Availability Clustering with the SLE HA Extension 11"

Novell Training Services (en) 15 April 2009

Introduction to HA Clustering in SLE11

Novell Training Services (en) 15 April 2009

"High Availability Clustering with the SLE HA Extension 11"

Novell Training Services (en) 15 April 2009

Introduction to HA Clustering in SLE11

Novell Training Services (en) 15 April 2009

"High Availability Clustering with the SLE HA Extension 11"

Novell Training Services (en) 15 April 2009

Introduction to HA Clustering in SLE11

Novell Training Services (en) 15 April 2009

"High Availability Clustering with the SLE HA Extension 11"

Novell Training Services (en) 15 April 2009

Introduction to HA Clustering in SLE11

Novell Training Services (en) 15 April 2009

"High Availability Clustering with the SLE HA Extension 11"

Novell Training Services (en) 15 April 2009

Introduction to HA Clustering in SLE11

Novell Training Services (en) 15 April 2009

"High Availability Clustering with the SLE HA Extension 11"

Novell Training Services (en) 15 April 2009

Introduction to HA Clustering in SLE11

Novell Training Services (en) 15 April 2009

"High Availability Clustering with the SLE HA Extension 11"