LONGITUD DE UN ARCO

: longitud del arco comprendido entre () y ()

La longitud del arco, de la curva (), comprendido entre las abscisas = y =
viene dado por la integral definida:

= 1 + [ ()]2

DEMOSTRACIN DE LA FRMULA:

2 = 2 + 2
2 2 2
=
+
2 2 2
2
2
( ) =1+( )

= 1+( )


2
lim ( ) = lim 1 + ( )
0
0

2
= lim 1 + [ lim ( )]
0
0

2
= 1 + ( )

2
= 1 + ( )

= 1 + [ ()]2

= 1 + [ ()]2

EJEMPLOS:
1) Hallar la longitud del arco de la funcin: = en el intervalo [, ].
Grfica:

Derivando:
() = 1
() = 1

Integrando:

= 1 + [ ()]2

= 2 |

= 2(2 0)

= 1 + (1)2
0

= 22

= 2
0
2

= 2
0

Comprobacin:
1.Geometra Analtica
1 (0; 1)

2 (2; 1)

2
2

=
1 2 = (2 1 ) + (2 1 )
= (2 0)2 + [1 (1)]2
= 4 + 4
= 8

= 22

2.-

Trigonometra
= 2 + 2
= 22 + 22
= 8
= 22

2) Hallar la longitud del arco de la funcin = en el intervalo para [; ].

Grfica:

Derivando:
2

() = 3
() =

2 1
3
3

() =

2
1

3 3

Integrando:

= 1 + [ ()]2

27

1 + (

=
1

27

=
1

1 +

1)
3 3

9 3

27

9 3 + 4
2
9 3

27

=
1

1 2
3
1 9 + 4
3
3

2
27 9 3

=
1

+4
1

27

3 3

3
1 ( 6 )
3

= 9 3 + 4
2 1
= 9 3
3

1 27 1
2
18 1

1 2 3 27
2 |
18 3
1

3
=
6
3

2
2 27
1
(9 3 + 4) |
=
27
1
3

2
2
2
2
1
1
{[9(27)3 + 4]
[9(1)3 + 4] }
=
27
27

1
(783,66 46,87)
27

736,79
27

= 27,29

3) Hallar la longitud de la curva + = del punto donde = hasta el punto donde

= .
Grfica:

Derivando:
2

3 + 3 = 1
2

3 = 1 3
3
2 2
3)

= (1

2 2
2
2 1
= (1 3 ) ( 3 )
3
3

(1

1
2 2
3)
1

3
Integrando:

= 1 + [ ()]2

(1

1+

1
8

3
[

]
2

= 1 +

1 3
2

1
8

= 1 +
1
8

= 1 +
1
8
1

=
1

1 2
2 2
3)

1
2
3

1
2
3

2
3

= 3
1
8

1
3 2
= 3| 1
2
8
3

3
3
3 1 2
= (1)2 ( )
2
2 8

3 3

2 8

4) Obtenga la longitud de la curva = ( ) del punto donde = hasta el

punto donde = .
Grfica:

Derivando:
=

1
(3 1)
3

Integrando:

= 1 + [ ()]2

4
3 1 1 1 2
= 1 + ( 2 2 )
2
6
1

3 1 1 1
2 2
2
6

9
1 1
= 1 + + 1
4
2 36
1
4
9
1 1
= + + 1
4
2 36
1

Factorando:
3 1 1 1
1
2 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) =
2
6
2
4
3 1 1 1 2
= ( 2 + 2 )
2
6
1
4
3 1 1 1
= ( 2 + 2 )
6
1 2
3

4
3 2 1 2
)|
=(
+
2 3
6 1
1
2
2
3
1 1 4
= ( 2 + 2 )|
3
1

3
1
3
1
1
1
= [(4)2 + (4)2 ] [(1)2 + (1)2 ]
3
3

=8+

2
1
1
3
3

=7+

1
3

22

5) Halle la longitud de la curva: = + desde el punto ( ; ) hasta el punto

(

; ).

NOTA: Este ejercicio no se puede resolver como los dems, entonces se procede a
despejar y se resuelve, para hallar la longitud de la curva: 6 = 4 + 3
desde = 1 hasta = 2.
Grfica:

Derivando:
6 = 4 + 3
=

= 1 + [ ()]2

2
1
= 1 + ( 2 )
2 2
1
2

4 1
= 1 + (
)
2 2
1
2

= 1 +
1

=
1

8 2 4 + 1

4 4

4 4 + 8 2 4 + 1

4 4
8

4
3
+
6 6

1 3 1 1
+
6
2

1
1
(3) 2 + (1) 2
6
2
=

Integrando:

4 + 3
6

2
1
2
2 2

=
1

8 + 2 4 + 1

4 4

Factorando:
8 + 2 4 + 1 = ( 4 + 1)2
2

=
1

( 4 + 1)2

4 4

2
4 + 1
= (
)
2 2
1

1 2 2
( + 2 )
2 1

1 1 3 1 2
( )|
2 3

1 1
1
1
1
{[ (2)3 ] [ (1)3 ]}
2 3
2
3
1

1 8 1 1
( + 1)
2 3 2 3

1 17
( )
2 6

17

12

6) Hallar la longitud de la curva = si [; ].

Grfica:

Derivando:
() = 2
() = 2

Integrando:

= 1 + [ ()]2

1
2

= 1 + (2)2
0

1
2

= 1 + 4 2
0

tan 2 sec 2
) (
= 1 + 4 (
)
2
2
0

tan = 2
tan
=
2

= 1 + 4
0

tan2 sec
(
)
4
2

sec 2 = 2
sec 2
=
2

1 4
= (1 + tan2 sec 2 )
2 0

Cambio de variables:
= 0 tan = 2(0)
= tan1 (0)
=0
1
1
=
tan = 2 ( )
2
2
1 (1)
= tan

=
4

1 4
= (sec sec 2 )
2 0

1 4
= (sec 3 )
2 0
Calculamos la integral:
= sec

= sec 2

= sec tan

= sec 2

(sec 3 )

= tan

= (sec sec 2 )

= tan sec tan (sec tan )

= tan sec tan2 sec

= tan sec (sec 2 1) sec

= tan sec (sec 3 sec )

(sec 3 ) = tan sec (sec 3 ) + (sec )

(sec 3 ) + (sec 3 ) = tan sec + (sec )

2 (sec 3 ) = tan sec + ln|tan + sec |

10

(sec 3 ) =

1
[(tan sec ) + ln|tan + sec |]
2

Reemplazando:

1 4
= (sec 3 )
2 0

1 1
= [(tan sec ) + ln|tan + sec |]| 4
2 2
0
=

1
{[(1 2) + ln|1 + 2|] [(0 1) + ln|0 + 1|]}
4

1
[2 + ln|1 + 2|] 0,5738967873
4

Observacin:
7) Hallar la longitud de la curva = si [; ].
Grfica:

Derivando:
() =
() =

Integrando:

= 1 + [ ()]2

= 1 + ( )2
0
1

= 1 + 2
0

1+ 2

=
2

2 ( 2
)
1

2 = 1 + 2
2 = 2 1
2 = 2 2

1+ 2

2 1
2
Dividiendo:

=
2

=
2
1

11

Cambio de variables:
= 0 2 = 1 + 0
2 = 1 + 1
= 1

= 2
= 1 + 2(1)
2 = 1 + 2
2

= 1 + 2

1+ 2

(1 +

2
1+ 2

[1 +

1
)
1

1
]
( + 1)( 1)

Fracciones Parciales:
1+ 2

[1 +

1
2( 1)

]
2( + 1)

1+
1+
1

= + (

)
2 2
1

+1
2

1 +
1
= + [ln( 1) ln( + 1)]|
2
2

= ( + ln

1 1 +
)|
+1
2

= (1 + 2 2) + (ln

=
+
( + 1)( 1) + 1 1

1 = ( 1) + ( + 1)
=1

1 = 0 + (1 + 1)
1
=
2

= 1

1 = (1 1) + 0
1
=
2

1
( 1) + ( + 1)
=
( + 1)( 1)
( + 1)( 1)

1
1

1
2 + 2
=
( + 1)( 1) + 1 1
1
1
1
=

( + 1)( 1) 2( 1) 2( + 1)

1 + 2 1
1 + 2 + 1

ln

2 1
2 + 1

2,003497112

8)

Demostrar que la longitud de la circunferencia es =

2 + 2 = 2
2 = 2 2

= 2 2 {

= 4 1 + (
0

= 4 1 +
0

= 4
0

2
2 2

2 2 + 2
2 2

)
2

12

1 () =

1
1 2
( 2 )2 (2)
2

1 () = + 2 2
2 () = 2 2

= 1 + [ ()]2

1 () = + 2 2

1 () =

2 2

= 4

= 4

2 2 sen2

Cambio de variables:

cos

1 sen2

= 4

= 4

= 0

= cos

cos
= cos

2 2

cos

cos

cos =

= 4
0

= 4 ( )| 2
0

= 4 ( 0)
2

2
= 2

= 4

13

0 = sen
= sen1 (0)
=0
= sen
= sen1 (1)

=
2