DRW STTH

ENGLISH FOR
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

THE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

Every petrol-engined car needs electricity to provide current for the lights
and other electrical equipment, and to supply the necessary power for the ignition
system.
The ignition system enables the engine to be started and kept running, and
sparking plugs from an essensial part of thissystem. They are screwed into the
engine

at,

or

near,

the

top,

usually one sparking plug for

each

cylinder.

engine

therefore

four-cylinder
has

four

sparking plugs, a six cylinder

engine has six sparking pligs,
and so on. As the name suggests,
the purpose of sparking plug is to
make a spark, and this spark is
to make a spark, and this spark
is achieved by making the electric
current jump a gap between two
points

(known

as

electrodes)

which are at the extreme end of

the plug which is insertef in the
cylinder.
The

spark

ignites

the

fuel/air mixture in each cylinder,

and very rapid burnung and expantion results. This process is called combution
it will be explained later just how this combution fits into the operation of
theengine.
Electricity for the igniting process (ignition) is supplied by a dynamo and
battery. The current is then carried to a coil, then to a distributor and finally to
the sparking plugs.

Exercise
Answer these questions
1. What does an electric motor do?
2. What is the fuction from the sparking plug?
3. What is electrode?
4. What is combution?
5. What are the function from dynamo and dynamo?

Exercise
Match each of these motorcomponents to its function
Componen

Function

Armature

a. Transfer rotation from the motor

Bearings

b. Create an electromagnetic field

Brushes

c. Converts elecromagnetic energy to rotation

Commutator

d. Reverses thecurrent to the armature

Drive shaft

e. Support the drive shaft

Field windings

f. Supply current to the armature

CARS
An automobile or motor car is a wheeled motor vehicle used for
transporting passengers, which also carries its own engine or motor. Most
definitions of the term specify that automobiles are designed to run primarily on
roads, to have seating for one to eight people, totypically have four wheels, and to
be constructed principally for the transport of people rather than goods. However,
the term automobile is far from precise, because there are many types of vehicles
that do similar tasks.
Exercise
Complete the sentences with the appropriate expressions, choose between:
bumpers, boot, bonnet, seat belt, indicator, aerial, logo, sunroof, windscreen
wipers, tyres, badge
You open the bonnet to look at the engine. The ____________ absorb small
impacts in an accident. Dont forget to retract the ____________ before using the
car wash. Can you put my suitcase in the ____________, please?
When it starts raining, you need to switch on the ____________. English for
Mechanical Engineering What model is that? I dont know I cant see the
____________ from here. It is important to inflate the ____________ to correct the
pressure for better fuel consumption.
The Mercedes star is a well-known ____________. Open the ____________ and
let some sun and fresh air into the car. I wish all drivers would use their
____________ when they want to turn right or left! Do not forget to fasten your
____________, it can save your life in case of an accident

Exercise: Car parts

SIMPLE PAST TENSE VS PAST CONTINUOUS

Simple past tense
We use the simple past to describe things that happened in the past and finished
at a specific time.
Example: He started the company in 1969.
They didnt make a profit in the first year.
Did she work there in 1975?
We often use a time reference which refers to the finished event. E.g. yesterday,
last week, last night, three years ago, in 1969, in the first year.
Form
verb stem + ed
Positive and Negative
I/ you/ she/ he/ it/ we/ they

Arrived

Didnt arrive

Question
Did

I/ you/ she/ he/ it/ we/ they

Arrive?

The verb to be
Positive and Negative
I/ he/ she

Was

Was not/ wasnt

You/ they/ we

Were

Were not/ werent

Past continuous
Use

________ Was/Were + V(ing)

We use the past continuous to talk about:

Things which were happening at the time of speaking.
Example: I was trying to call Geoff Peters.
He wasnt working today.

Exercise
Change these sentences into positive, negative or introgative sentences
1. We controled the temperature regularly
2. Did he explain the classification of conductor?
3. The current didnt flow from positive terminal to negative terminal
4. They calculated the energy unit
5. They didnt use a tester to current supply in electrical circuits

Exercise
MICROSOFT
Thomas (live) in the small town of Brington. He (love) walking through the
beautiful forest that surrounded it. One evening, it (rain) , so he (take) his
umbrella and (go) for a walk in the woods. As he (walk) through the woods, he
(meet) an old man named Frank. Frank (tell) Thomas that if he (want) to become
rich, he should invest in a little known stock called Microsoft. When Thomas
(return) from his walk, he

(think) Frank (be) foolish because Microsoft (be) a

computer stock. Everybody (know) that computers (be) just a passing fad. At any
rate, Frank (insist) that Thomas (be) wrong. While they (discuss) the stock, Frank
(draw) a wonderful graph of future possibilities. As Frank (draw) the graph,
Thomas (begin) thinking that maybe Frank (understand) stocks. While he (was) to
work, Thomas (decide) to buy some of these stocks. The next day, he (go) to the
stock broker's and

(buy) $1,000 worth of Microsoft stock. That (be) in 1986;

today that $1,000 worth of stock is worth more than.

NUMBERS
I. Match the words with the examples on the right:
1. cardinal numbers

a. , 2/3, 28/36

2. ordinal numbers

b. First, second, third, ...

3. decimals

c. 1, 2, 3,

4. fractions

d. 12%, 89%...

5. percentages

e. 2.3, 4.698

* Each digit after the decimal point is read separately: two point three, four
point six nine eight.
II. Match these written numbers with the way they are read:
1. 60%

a. one third

2. 3

b. two fifths

3. 3.4

c. two point eight seven

4. 8.5%

d. eight point five percent

5. 1/3

e. three point four

6. 2.87

f. sixty percent

7. 3/4

g. three and a half

8. 2/5

h. three quarters

III. Put these words and phrases into the sentences below:
times/multiplied by, divided by, minus, plus
1. Four________ eighteen equals twenty-two.
2. Seventeen ____________ thirteen equals two hundred twenty-one.
3. Ninety-six _________ four equals twenty-four.
4. Ten ________ nine equals one.

HEALTH AND SAFETY AT WORK

Safety and health is an area concerned with protecting the safety, health
and welfare of people engaged in work or employment. The goal of all
occupational safety and health programs is to foster a safe work environment. As
a secondary effect, it may also protect co-workers, family members, employers,
customers, suppliers, nearby communities, and other members of the public who
are impacted by the workplace environment. The average person finds it difficult
to assess risks and that is why work practices need to be regulated.
Safety in the workplace is critical to the success of your business, no
matter what size it is. As a business owner you have responsibilities regarding
health and safety in your workplace. Even if you dont have
any employees, you must ensure that your business
doesnt create

health

and safety

problems

for your

customers and the general public.

Knowing

and

understanding

the

Occupational

Health and Safety laws can help you avoid the unnecessary
costs and damage to your business caused by workplace
injury and illness. There are many examples of dangerous
activities at your workplace, such as welding without goggles, working at a
construction site without the protection of a hard hat, working in noisy
environments without ear plugs or mufflers, working in production with different
possibly hazardous materials without protective gloves and/or clothes, smoking
near inflammable substance. There are different risky or hazardous situations,
such as: combustion, contamination, dust, the possibility of explosion, poisonous
fumes, gas leakages, toxic vapors, the danger of electrical shock which can all
have effects on us and can cause lethal or very serious damage to our body (for
example: vomiting, dizziness, burns, birth defects, cancer, genetic damage). All
around risky environments or materials there are warning signs that people have
to take seriously.

Exercise
Find some warning signs and explain them
Exercise
Name the safety items below.

a.__________

b. __________

c. ___________

d.__________

e. ___________

f.__________

g. ___________

h. __________

i. ____________

HAND TOOLS AND THEIR USES

Nowadays, the speed and productivity are very important, and therefore
many works in the workshop are being done with the power tools and machines.
However, any good craftsman knows that the quality result lies in the balance
between the handwork and machine work. In many cases during

the

manufacture, the craftsman has to decide whether some operation will be done
with the hand tools or with the machine. Such decision should always be made
by considering which method is more efficient, which method you are adept to,
which

methods

produce

better

work

and

which

method

is

cheaper.

Always use right hand tool for the job. This way
you get the best job with the least effort, the least
damage to the tool and the least danger to
yourself.
In some cases, hand tools are faster than
the machines. Of course, if many identical parts
need to be cut, hand tools are definitely slower.
But if you work on some unique project, it will
surely be easier to perform some operations with
the hand tools, rather than to waste time to set up and configure your machine.
One of the important advantages of hand tools is that they are cheaper
than the power tools, so if in your work you do not have a specific need for this
type of tools, it will be much more cost-effective to buy less expensive hand tool
and use it occasionally, than to buy an expensive power tool which will lay on the
shelf. Besides that, the hand tools are indispensable for the house maintenance.
Various jobs on the house are occasional, so it is not profitable to invest a lot of
money in various power tools. Another great advantage of hand tools is that they
are much safer than the power tools, and this is important for both craftsmen
beginners and for the amateurs, who use hand tools just for quick repairs.

Exercise
Hand tools can be divided into several groups:

Laying out tools Measuring and marking tools

Impact or striking tools (hammers, mallets and sledges)

Twisting tools or fastening tools (wrenches and screwdrivers)

Woodcutting tools (wood saws, planes, wood chisels)

Metal cutting tools (dies, drills, files, punches, reamers, taps)

Holding tools (clamps, pliers, vises)

Safety equipment (goggles, gloves)

Grinding and sharpening tools

Finishing tools and abrasives

Tool storage & accessory containers

PASSIVE VOICE
A.

The form of Passive Voice

Passive voice is the We form the passive voice in English with the verb to be as an
auxiliary, plus the past participle of the main verb. For every active voice in
English there is a corresponding passive voice.
Formation
Example
1. Active voice
Mary writes a computer assignment
Mary (the subject is the doer of the action)
Writes (verb)
A computer assignment (the noun receiving the action in the object of the
action)
2. Passive
A computer assignment is written by Mary
A computer assignment (the subject is the receiver of the action)
Written (the verb phrase containing a form the verb to be)
Mary (a noun becomes part of the phrase beginning with)
Exercise 1
Change these sentences into passive voice
1.

You must leave the message

The message must be left by you

2.

I will drive a new car during this holiday

3.

The mechanic is using pliers as a hammer

.

4.

He controlled the production systems.

5.

Software company is launching new software.

6.

We must clean Wet or oily floors quickly

7.

He installed a new anti-virus to my laptop.

8.

You can improve your engineering knowledge by practicing.

9.

Developers are hand tools increasingly

.

10.

Office workers will use Safety Tools at work

Exercise 2
Rewrite the following passage in the PASSIVE:
Someone broke into a local jewelry shop yesterday. The owner had just locked up
the shop when a robber with a gun threatened him. The robber told him to
unlock the shop and give him all the diamonds in the safe. Then the robber tied
him up. The police have organized a search for the robber. They hope they will
find him in a few days. Doctors are treating the owner of the shop for shock.

APPLICATION LETTER
Application letter is also called by A cover letter. Application letter is a
document sent with your resume to provide
additional information on your skills and
experience.

Business

and

professional

people are hired on the basis of application

letter and interview
General points:
Keep it brief
Begin your letter or email Dear Mr /
Mrs/ Msxxxx if you know the persons
name, or Dear Sir or Madam if you
dont know their name.
Short paragraphs.
Check your spelling, grammar, and
punctuation carefully.
Part of Application Letter
1. Heading
a. Sender's address:
b. Date
2. Inside Address
This is the address you are sending your letter to (the companys address).
Make it as complete as possible. Include titles and names if you know them
3. Salutation
Example: Dear Sir,
4. Body
The body of a good application letter, usually 3 to 4 paragraphs, explains why
the applicant is a good fit for the job, explains relevant experience, and shows
how that experience would be useful if selected for the career opportunity.

5. Closing
Example: Yours sincerely,
6. Signature
Do not followed by punctuation
Consist of application letter
1. Introduction
2. Statement of qualification
3. Reason for applying the job
4. Availability of the applicant
666 Antares Way Ray,
MA 02072
Januari 15, 2016
Ms. Nancy Mary
Human Resources Manager
McKeith & Company, Inc.
Parkinson Park Plaza, dome 2000
Boston, MA 02101
Dear Ms. Mary,
Application for the position of product designer
In reference to the job vacancies you advertised at the Carpenters Industrial College career
bazaar, I would like to apply for the position of product designer. I believe that while I am a
recent graduate, I do have some valuable experience that will enable me to be an excellent
addition to your design team.
I recently graduated with a Strata one in graphic design, and the course includes product design
modules. Moreover, I have competed in several design competitions and won a gold medal in a
product design competition in Thailand last year, in which I designed a self- heating mug.
Details of this prize and other prizes that I have won are included in the enclosed curriculum
vitae.
I am looking forward to a positive reply from you. Thank you for your kind consideration and
time.
Yours sincerely,

Almira Aulia