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Subject
Chariot Era & Far East
Classical Era
Enemies of Rome
Fall of Rome
The Dark Ages
Additional Armies
Assyrian; Chinese; Egyptian
Indian; Macedonian; Persian; Seleucid
Britons; Gallic; Goth
Byzantine; Hun; Late Roman; Sassanid
Norman; Saxon; Viking
Happy gaming!
Kris & Dave
Hurlbat
February 2013
Contents:
Amendments to basic rules
Assyria
China
Egypt
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40mm
Chariot units may charge across the front of enemy units engaging them with missile fire. This
is achieved by the unit charging towards the enemy then turning 90, which costs 20mm of
movement, just before contact is made, and continuing the charge along the enemys front.
Chariots moving this way may not be engaged in melee by infantry units.
Infantry
Infantry
80mm
Position of chariot
unit at the end of the
move after fighting a
passing melee with
infantry.
Chariot Melees
Add the following factors to the melee table on the combat charts:
Present fighting
factor
301+
151 300
Less than 151
Cavalry
Infantry
Elephant
Chariots
66
46
18
78 / 32*
58 / 25*
32 / 15*
30
20
12
78
58
32
Cavalry
Infantry
Elephant
Chariots
65
60
50
30
20
90
80
60
55
40
60
50
30
20
15
65
55
35
25
20
Note: Certain units such as the Viking Berserks have been classed as armed with 2HCW for
factor purposes and is not necessarily historically accurate.
Kontos armed cavalry
These will lose their kontos weapon after the contact round. Once the kontos has been lost
the cavalry will count as being sword armed only.
johnny okane (order #7270789)
Cavalry
Infantry
Elephant
Chariots
120
100
80
60
40
20
125
105
85
65
45
25
115
95
75
55
35
18
125
105
85
65
45
25
Pikes hit in the flank are not only unformed, but only half their present fighting factor may
fight to the front instead of the usual full factor. The usual quarter of the present fighting
factor may still fight to the engaged flank.
Crossbows
For purposes of the missile table class crossbows as Bow fire at under 75mm range but at all
ranges. Crossbow armed units may only fire at the end of the fire move due to the lengthy
loading time.
Maximum range will be 200mm.
Add 10 factors when crossbows are engaging armoured cavalry targets.
Halberds
Class these weapons as Pikes but deduct 20 factors when engaged by military units.
Rockets
Class as artillery (War engines) with a maximum range of 500mm.
A unit taking casualties from rocket fire will immediately take a morale test as will all mounted
units along the line of flight of the rockets.
Units taking casualties will be classed as under missile fire and unformed during that move.
Units along the line of flight will be classed as unformed for that move.
Poleaxe and mace armed units
Class these weapons as 2HCWs.
Multi-weaponed units
Units armed with more than one stated weapon may choose which weapon they will use prior
to engaging in melee. If the unit changes weapons during that melee then it will have a -10
factor in that melee round.
Assyria
The Neo-Assyrian Empire was an empire in Mesopotamian history which began in 934 BC and
ended in 609 BC. During this period, Assyria assumed a position as the most powerful state on
earth, successfully eclipsing Babylonia, Egypt, Urartu/Armenia and Elam for dominance of the
Near East, Asia Minor, Caucasus, North Africa and east Mediterranean, though not until the
reforms of Tiglath-Pileser III in the 8th century BC did it become a vast empire.
Assyria was originally an Akkadian kingdom which evolved in the 25th to 24th Centuries BC.
The earliest Assyrian kings such as Tudiya were relatively minor rulers, and after the founding
of the Akkadian Empire, which lasted from 2334 BC to 2154 BC, these kings became subject to
Sargon of Akkad, who united all the Akkadian and Sumerian speaking peoples of Mesopotamia
under one rule.
The urbanised Akkadian nation of Assyria (and from 1894 BC, Babylonia) largely evolved from
the dissolution of the Akkadian Empire.
In the Old Assyrian period of the Early Bronze Age, Assyria had been a kingdom of northern
Mesopotamia (modern-day northern Iraq), competing for dominance initially with the Hattians
and Hurrians of Asia Minor, and the ancient Sumero-Akkadian "city states" such as Isin, Ur and
Larsa, and later with Babylonia which was founded by Amorites in 1894 BC, and often under
Kassite rule. During the 20th Century BC, it established colonies in Asia Minor, and under the
20th Century BC King Ilushuma, Assyria conducted many successful raids against the states of
the south. It had experienced fluctuating fortunes in the Middle Assyrian period.
Assyria had a period of empire under Shamshi-Adad I in the late 19th to mid-18th Centuries
BC, following this it found itself under short periods of Babylonian and Mitanni-Hurrian
domination in the 17th and 15th Centuries BC respectively, followed by another period of
great power and empire from 1365 BC to 1074 BC, that included the reigns of great kings such
as Ashur-uballit I, Tukulti-Ninurta I and Tiglath-Pileser I. During the ancient 'Dark Ages' Assyria
remained a strong and stable nation, unlike its rivals.
Beginning with the campaigns of Adad-nirari II, it again became a great power, overthrowing
the Twenty-fifth dynasty of Egypt and conquering Egypt, Babylonia, Elam, Urartu, Media,
Persia, Mannea, Gutium, Phoenicia/Canaan, Aramea (Syria), Arabia, Israel, Judah, Philistia,
Edom, Moab, Samarra, Cilicia, Cyprus, Chaldea, Nabatea, Commagene, Dilmun and the
johnny okane (order #7270789)
Hurrians, Shutu and neo Hittites; driving the Nubians, Kushites and Ethiopians from Egypt;
defeating the Cimmerians and Scythians; and exacting tribute from Phrygia, Magan and Punt
among others.
The Neo-Assyrian Empire succeeded the Middle Assyrian period and Middle Assyrian Empire
(14th to 10th century BC). Some scholars, such as Richard Nelson Frye, regard the NeoAssyrian Empire to be the first real empire in human history. During this period, Aramaic was
also made an official language of the empire, alongside the Akkadian language.
Assyria finally succumbed to a coalition of Babylonians, Medes, Scythians, and others at the
Fall of Nineveh in 612 BC, and the sacking of its last capital Harran in 608 BC. More than half a
century later, Babylonia and Assyria became provinces of the Persian Empire. Though the
Assyrians during the reign of Ashurbanipal destroyed the Elamite civilization, the Assyrians'
culture did influence the succeeding empires of the Medes and the Persians, Indo-Iranian
peoples who had been dominate d by Assyria.
M1
1120
CO
811
M1
1
Quradu
LTS
M2
Bow
O
2
Quradu
LTS
1120
1
M2
LTS
1060
M2
CO
M2
M2
LTS
1060
CO
M2
CO
M2
LTS
1060
M2
811
5
Bow
O
M3
Aux
OO
M3
Aux
1060
CO
330
M2
Javelin
CO
M2
347
M3
Aux
Javelin
OO
LTS
CO
M2
LTS
1060
CO
M2
LTS
1060
CO
10
M2
LTS
304
2
O
M2
O
M3
Aux
OO
M3
Aux
Bow
235
1
OO
M3
Aux
2
446
3
446
Sling
219
2
OO
M3
Aux
Bow
235
2
Sling
219
OO
2
Bow/Javelin
487
Chariot
Bow/Javelin
487
Chariot
M2
M2
347
446
304
1
CO
C in C
M3
Bow
OO
M2
1060
M3
LTS / Bow
OO
M3
Bow
OO
Sling
Sling
1060
M3
LTS / Bow
OO
OO
1
LTS
413
Javelin
330
M2
1060
413
811
330
LTS
M2
CO
M3
Bow
OO
LTS
1060
2
Aux
265
Bow
811
Bow
M3
Bow
OO
Bow
811
CO
1
Aux
265
M2
Bow
CO
M2
Bow
CO
M2
Bow
CO
1
A/Cav
546
M2
LTS / Bow
CO
M2
LTS / Bow
CO
546
China
Chinese tradition names the first imperial dynasty Xia, but it was considered mythical until
scientific excavations found early Bronze Age sites at Erlitou in Henan Province in 1959.
Archaeologists have since uncovered urban sites, bronze implements, and tombs in locations
cited as Xia's in ancient historical texts, but it is impossible to verify that these remains are of
the Xia without written records from the period.
The first Chinese dynasty that left historical records, the loosely feudal Shang (Yin), settled
along the Yellow River in eastern China from the 17th to the 11th century BC. The oracle bone
script of the Shang Dynasty represents the oldest form of Chinese writing yet found, and the
direct ancestor of the modern Chinese characters used throughout East Asia.
The Shang were invaded from the west by the Zhou, who ruled between the 12th and 5th
centuries BC, until their centralized authority was slowly eroded by feudal warlords. Many
independent states eventually emerged out of the weakened Zhou state, and continually
waged war with each other in the 300-year-long Spring and Autumn Period, only occasionally
deferring to the Zhou king. By the time of the Warring States Period of the 5th3rd centuries
BC, there were seven powerful sovereign states in what is now China, each with its own king,
ministry and army.
The Great Wall of China was built by several dynasties over two thousand years to protect the
sedentary agricultural regions of the Chinese interior from incursions by nomadic pastoralists
of the northern steppes.
The first unified Chinese state was established by Qin Shi Huang of the Qin state in 221 BC. Qin
Shi Huang proclaimed himself the "First Emperor" (), and imposed many reforms
throughout China, notably the forced standardization of the Chinese language, measurements,
length of cart axles, and currency. The Qin Dynasty lasted only fifteen years, falling soon after
Qin Shi Huang's death, as its harsh legalist and authoritarian policies led to widespread
rebellion.
The subsequent Han Dynasty ruled China between 206 BC and 220 AD, and created a lasting
Han cultural identity among its populace that has endured to the present day. The Han
Dynasty expanded the empire's territory considerably with military campaigns reaching Korea,
Vietnam, Mongolia and Central Asia, and also helped establish the Silk Road in Central Asia.
Han China gradually became the largest economy of the ancient world. After the collapse of
Han, another period of disunion followed, including the highly chivalric period of the Three
Kingdoms. Independent Chinese states of this period such as Wu opened diplomatic relations
johnny okane (order #7270789)
with Japan, introducing the Chinese writing system there. In 580 AD, China was reunited under
the Sui. However, the Sui Dynasty declined following its defeat in the GoguryeoSui War (598
614)
M3
870
CO
M3
LTS
870
CO
M3
LTS
870
CO
M3
239
2
239
1
CO
M3
LTS
870
CO
OO
M3
Bow/Javelin/
LTS
2
Chariot M2
211
OO
379
M3
1
A/Cav
567
M2
Kontos
CO
M3
2
A/Cav
567
M2
Kontos
CO
OO
M2
Javelin
CO
Bow
OO
M3
Bow
211
OO
4
Bow
M3
211
870
CO
M2
1
Convicts
205
M3
Javelin
OO
2
Convicts
205
M3
Javelin
OO
3
Convicts
205
M3
Javelin
OO
4
Convicts
205
M3
Javelin
OO
LTS
LTS
910
CO
M2
LTS
910
CO
M2
LTS
910
CO
M2
LTS
910
CO
M2
335
CO
M2
335
Halbardier
M2
335
Halbardier
965
CO
2
Cataphract
593
1
M2
Engine
198
OO
4
335
M3
Bow / Jav.
OO
M3
Bow / Jav.
OO
2
375
M2
Rockets
150 OO
M2
Javelin
CO
M2
Kontos / Jav
CO
M3
Javelin
OO
M3
Javelin
OO
M3
Bow
OO
M3
Bow
OO
C in C
M2
Engine
198
OO
465
375
3
M3
Bow / Jav.
OO
CO
360
965
965
465
360
M3
Bow / Jav.
OO
Halbardier
379
Bow
211
LTS
M3
Crossbow
870
OO
Bow/Javelin/
LTS
1
Chariot M2
M3
Crossbow
LTS
Egypt
Following the death of Ramesses XI in 1078 BC, Smendes assumed authority over the northern
part of Egypt, ruling from the city of Tanis. The south was effectively controlled by the High
Priests of Amun at Thebes, who recognized Smendes in name only.
During this time, Berber tribes from what was later to be called Libya had been settling in the
western delta and the chieftains of these settlers began increasing their autonomy. Libyan
princes took control of the delta under Shoshenq I in 945 BC, founding the so-called Libyan
Berber, or Bubastite, dynasty that ruled for some 200 years. Shoshenq also gained control of
southern Egypt by placing his family members in important priestly positions.
In the mid-9th century BC, Egypt made a failed attempt to once more gain a foothold in
Western Asia. Osorkon II of Egypt, along with a large alliance of nations and peoples, including;
Israel, Hamath, Phoenicia/Caanan, the Arabs, Arameans, and neo Hittites among others
engaged in the Battle of Karkar against the powerful Assyrian king Shalmaneser III in 853 BC,
however this coalition of powers failed, and the Assyrian Empire continued to dominate the
region.
Libyan Berber control began to erode as a rival native dynasty in the delta arose in Leontopolis.
Also, the Nubians of the Kushites threatened Egypt from the lands to the south.
Around 730 BC Libyans from the west fractured the political unity of the country
Drawing on millennia of interaction (trade, acculturation, occupation, assimilation, and war)
with Egypt, the Kushite king Piye left his Nubian capital of Napata and invaded Egypt around
727 BC. Piye easily seized control of Thebes and eventually the Nile Delta. He recorded the
episode on his stela of victory. Piye set the stage for subsequent 25th dynasty pharaohs, such
as Taharqa, to reunite the "Two lands" of Northern and Southern Egypt. The Nile valley empire
was as large as it had been since the New Kingdom. The 25th dynasty ushered in a renaissance
period for Ancient Egypt. Religion, the arts, and architecture were restored to their glorious
Old, Middle, and New Kingdom forms. Pharaohs, such as Taharqa, built or restored temples
and monuments throughout the Nile valley, including at Memphis, Karnak, Kawa, Jebel Barkal,
etc. It was during the 25th dynasty that the Nile valley saw the first widespread construction of
pyramids (many in modern Sudan) since the Middle Kingdom.
Piye made various unsuccessful attempts to extend Egyptian influence in the Near East, then
controlled by Assyria. In 720 BC he sent an army in support a rebellion against Assyria in
Philistia and Gaza, however Piye was defeated by Sargon II, and the rebellion failed. In 711 BC
Piye again supported a revolt against the Assyrians by the Israelites of Ashdod, and was once
again defeated by the Assyrian king Sargon II, and Piye was forced from the Near East.
johnny okane (order #7270789)
Egypt's international prestige declined considerably towards the end of the Third Intermediate
Period. From the 10th century BC onwards, its allies in the Southern Levant had fallen to the
Assyrian Empire, and by 700 BC war between the two Empires became inevitable. Taharqa
enjoyed some initial minor success in his attempts to regain a foothold in the Near East. He
aided the Judean King Hezekiah when the latter was attacked by Sennacherib, the Assyrian
king, who was besieging Jerusalem (2 Kings 19:9;Isaiah 37:9), however disease among the
besiegers appears to have been the primary reason for failing to actually take the city, and
Senacherib's annals claim Judah was forced into tribute regardless. Eventually however, the
Assyrian King Sennacherib defeated Taharqa and drove the Egyptians and Nubians from the
Near East.
The Assyrians, tiring of Egyptian meddling in its empire, began their invasion of Egypt under
King Esarhaddon, successor of Sennacherib, who had been murdered by his own sons for
destroying the rebellious city of Babylon. Taharqa was easily routed, and driven from power by
Esarhaddon who conquered Egypt with surprising speed, thus destroying the Kushite Empire in
the process. Defeated, Taharqa fled back to his Nubian homeland. Esarhaddon describes;
"installing local kings and governors" and "All Ethiopians (Nubians/Kushites) I deported from
Egypt,leaving not one to do homage to me". However, the native rulers installed by
Esarhaddon were unable to retain full control of the whole country for long. Two years later,
Taharqa returned from Nubia and seized control of a section of southern Egypt as far north as
Memphis. Esarhaddon prepared to return to Egypt and once more eject Taharqa, however he
fell ill and died in his capital Nineveh before he left Assyria. His successor, Ashurbanipal, sent a
general with a small but well trained army which defeated and ejected Taharqa from
Memphis, and once more drove him from Egypt. Taharqa died in Nubia two years later.
His successor, Tanutamun, also made a failed attempt to regain Egypt for Nubia. He
successfully defeated Necho, the puppet ruler installed by Ashurbanipal, taking Thebes in the
process. The Assyrians then sent a large army southwards. Tantamani (Tanutamun) was
heavily routed and fled back to Nubia. The Assyrian army sacked Thebes to such an extent it
never truly recovered. A native ruler, Psammetichus I was placed on the throne, as a vassal of
Ashurbanipal, and the Nubians were never again to pose a threat
M2
Bow
834
M2
Bow
834
M2
Bow
834
M2
Bow
834
1
LTS
992
M2
2
LTS
992
M2
CO
1
Poleset
558
M3
Javelin
O
2
Poleset
558
M3
Javelin
O
CO
1
Medjway
231
M3
Bow
OO
2
Medjway
231
M3
Bow
OO
3
LTS
992
M2
4
LTS
992
M2
5
LTS
992
M2
6
LTS
992
M2
CO
490
7
LTS
992
M2
Bow/Javelin
8
LTS
992
M2
CO
CO
M2
Sling
290
1
M2
Javelin
712
M2
Javelin
1
267
2
267
O
M2
Bow
OO
M2
Bow
OO
C in C
712
CO
CO
M2
Sling
290
OO
Bow/Javelin
CO
OO
Chariot
Chariot
M1
M1
490
Bow
1
Chariot
M2
440
1
Poleaxe
892
2
Poleaxe
892
M2
2HCW
O
M2
2HCW
O
1
Kharu
285
M3
Bow & Javelin
OO
2
Kharu
285
M3
Bow & Javelin
OO
Bow
2
294
M2
2HCW
O
Bow
3
294
2
Mace
772
M2
2HCW
O
4
OO
M2
Bow
M
Bow
Chariot
440
OO
M2
440
Bow
1
Mace
772
Chariot
Chariot
440
M2
M1
1120
CO
811
M1
1
Quradu
LTS
M2
Bow
O
2
Quradu
LTS
M2
CO
M2
LTS
M2
CO
M2
811
CO
M2
M2
1060
M2
LTS
1060
O
M3
Aux
OO
M3
Aux
M2
1060
CO
330
M2
Javelin
LTS
CO
M2
347
M3
Aux
Javelin
OO
LTS
CO
M2
LTS
1060
CO
M2
LTS
1060
CO
10
M2
LTS
304
2
O
M2
O
M3
Aux
OO
M3
Aux
Bow
235
1
OO
M3
Aux
2
446
3
446
Sling
219
2
OO
M3
Aux
Bow
235
2
Sling
219
OO
2
Bow/Javelin
487
Chariot
Bow/Javelin
487
Chariot
M2
M2
347
446
304
1
CO
C in C
M3
Bow
OO
M2
1060
M3
LTS / Bow
OO
M3
Bow
OO
Sling
Sling
1060
M3
LTS / Bow
OO
OO
1060
413
Javelin
330
330
LTS
413
811
CO
M2
Bow
CO
LTS
M3
Bow
OO
O
Bow
LTS
2
Aux
265
Bow
811
1060
1060
M3
Bow
OO
Bow
811
1120
1
Aux
265
M2
Bow
CO
M2
Bow
CO
M2
Bow
CO
1
A/Cav
546
M2
LTS / Bow
CO
M2
LTS / Bow
CO
546
China
M3
870
CO
M3
LTS
870
CO
M3
LTS
870
CO
M3
239
2
239
1
870
CO
M3
LTS
CO
OO
M3
Bow/Javelin/
LTS
2
Chariot M2
211
OO
379
M3
1
A/Cav
567
M2
Kontos
CO
M3
2
A/Cav
567
M2
Kontos
CO
OO
M2
Javelin
CO
Bow
OO
M3
Bow
211
OO
4
Bow
M3
211
870
CO
M2
1
Convicts
205
M3
Javelin
OO
2
Convicts
205
M3
Javelin
OO
3
Convicts
205
M3
Javelin
OO
4
Convicts
205
M3
Javelin
OO
LTS
LTS
910
CO
M2
LTS
910
CO
M2
LTS
910
CO
M2
LTS
910
CO
M2
335
CO
M2
335
Halbardier
M2
335
Halbardier
965
CO
2
Cataphract
593
1
M2
Engine
198
OO
4
335
M3
Bow / Jav.
OO
M3
Bow / Jav.
OO
2
375
M2
Rockets
150 OO
M2
Javelin
CO
M2
Kontos / Jav
CO
M3
Javelin
OO
M3
Javelin
OO
M3
Bow
OO
M3
Bow
OO
C in C
M2
Engine
198
OO
465
375
3
M3
Bow / Jav.
OO
CO
360
965
965
465
360
M3
Bow / Jav.
OO
Halbardier
379
Bow
211
LTS
M3
Crossbow
870
OO
Bow/Javelin/
LTS
1
Chariot M2
M3
Crossbow
LTS
Egypt
M2
Bow
834
M2
Bow
834
M2
Bow
834
M2
Bow
834
1
LTS
992
M2
2
LTS
992
M2
CO
1
Poleset
558
M3
Javelin
O
2
Poleset
558
M3
Javelin
O
CO
3
LTS
992
M2
4
LTS
992
M2
5
LTS
992
M2
6
LTS
992
M2
7
LTS
992
M2
8
LTS
992
M2
CO
CO
1
Medjway
231
M3
Bow
OO
2
Medjway
231
M3
Bow
OO
M2
Sling
290
1
M2
Javelin
712
M2
Javelin
1
267
2
267
O
M2
Bow
OO
M2
Bow
OO
C in C
712
CO
290
OO
Bow/Javelin
CO
CO
M2
Sling
CO
OO
Chariot
M1
490
Bow/Javelin
2
Chariot
M1
490
Bow
1
Chariot
M2
440
1
Poleaxe
892
2
Poleaxe
892
M2
2HCW
O
M2
2HCW
O
1
Kharu
285
M3
Bow & Javelin
OO
2
Kharu
285
M3
Bow & Javelin
OO
Bow
2
294
M2
2HCW
O
Bow
3
294
2
Mace
772
M2
2HCW
O
4
OO
M2
Bow
M
Bow
Chariot
440
OO
M2
440
Bow
1
Mace
772
Chariot
Chariot
440
M2