MRCP Classical Diagnostics Keywords

MRCP Classical Diagnostics & Keywords
MRCP Classical Diagnostics

& Keywords
Dr. Sherif Badrawy
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Anti gastric parietal cell Abs

+ve
Anti intrinsic factor Abs +ve
Macrocytic anemia
1a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Pernicious Anemia
Digitally signed
by Dr.Sherif
Badrawy
Date:
2015.12.04
22:09:19 +03'00'
1b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Hypochromic microcytic
anemia
BM: sideroblasts & iron
stores
2a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Sideroblastic anemia
2b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Flow cytometry of blood

CD59 & CD55
3a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Paroxysmal nocturnal Hburia
3b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Hb & Hct
JAK2 mutation
(LAP)
ESR
4a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Polycythemia Rubra Vera
4b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Anemia
'Tear-drop'
poikilocyteson blood film
'DRY TAP'
(LAP)
5a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Myelofibrosis
5b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
pancytopenia despite a
hypercellular bone marrow
Pelger-Huet cells
MCV, nucleated red cells, &
a small number of blasts
6a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Myelodysplasia
6b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Philadelphia chromosome
95% of pts = "BCR-ABL,"
low LAP score
Blasts < 5 %
Basophils
hypercellular BM
7a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
7b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
WBCs +BLASTS RBCs

,Platlets or even WBCs
AUER ROD an esoinophilic
neede like inclusion bodies in
cytoplasm of blast cells
Myeloperoxidase
8a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Acute Myeloid Leukemia
8b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
IMMUNOPHENOTYPINGmost
of the cells are B-cells (CD19
positive). CD5 & CD23
WBC 20,000 80%
lymphocytes.
Blood film: smear or smudge cells
9a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Chronic Lymphocytic
Leukemia
9b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Blood smear B-cells

filamentous projections
TRAP stain positive
10a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Hairy Cell Leukemia
10b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
WBCs +BLASTS RBCs

,Platlets or even WBCs
Terminal Deoxynucleotide
Transferase TdT
CXR: mediastinal mass
11a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia

Bone marrow biopsy
Diagnostic
Immunophenotyping,
establish whether the "blast" cells
origin is B or T lymphocytes
11b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Widespread lymphadenopathy
Normal CBC
CT scan of the chest,
abdomen, & pelvis
lymphadenopathy
12a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
best initial test is an
excisional biops
12b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Widespread lymphadenopathy
Normal CBC
CT scan of the chest, abdomen,
& pelvis lymphadenopath
Bone marrow biopsy ReedSternberg cells
13a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Hodgkin's lymphoma
13b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Antiplatelet Abs IgG

BM megakaryocytes
14a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
ITP
14b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Transferrin saturation >

55% in men or > 50% in
Ferritin (e.g. > 500 ug/l) &
iron
TIBC
15a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Hemochromatosis
15b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
investigation of choice for

upper airway compression ?
16a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Flow volume loop
16b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Ix of choice in patients with

cytology negative exudative
effusions ?
17a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
LOCAL ANAESTHETIC
THORACOSCOPY
17b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Ix of choice and required to

make a diagnosis of IPF ?
18a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
CT chest
18b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
most accurate test for

sarcoidosis ?
19a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Lymph node biopsy noncaseating granulomas

19b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Most accurate test for

Bronchiectasis ?
20a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
high-resolution CT scan
20b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Most accurate test for

Obstructive Sleep Apnoea ?
(OSA)
21a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
POLYSOMNOGRAPHY
(sleep study)
21b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Best Dx study for PE ?
22a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
CT Pulmonary
Angiography
CTPA is -Ve Pts don't
need further Ix or Rx for PE
22b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Dx of Legionella pneumonia ?
23a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Urinary Ag
23b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Dx of Cystic fibrosis ?
24a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Sweat test: 2 reliable +Ve

results on 2 separate days is
Dx for CF. it is +Ve when
chloride is > 60
24b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
best test to Dx Cushing's

syndrome ?
25a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
overnight dexamethasone
suppression test (failure to
suppress cortisol < 50 is highly
suggestive for cushing)
24 hour urinary free cortisol is
the next best answer
25b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
best test to Dx Conn's

Syndrome ?
26a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Renin:Aldosterone Ratio
26b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
best test to diagnose

Addison's disease ?
27a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
short synacthen test
27b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
best screen test for ZollingerEllison Syndrome ?

28a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Fasting gastrin levels done in

3 different days as the
gastrin
secretion is pulsatile
28b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
best single test for classifying

ascites ?
29a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
SAAG
29b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Dx tool of choice for Ischemic

Colitis ?
30a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Colonoscopy
30b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
best single test for Prosthetic

Valve Thrombosis ?
31a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
transoesophageal
echocardiography
31b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
BNP(< 100pg/ml) ?
32a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
HF unlikely
BNP is a helpful test to r/o
a Dx of HF
32b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Dx of Klinefelter Syndrome ?
33a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Karyotyping
33b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Dx of Vitamin D-Resistant
Rickets ?
34a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Normal serum calcium,

phosphate, elevated alkaline
phosphotase
urinary phosphate
cupped metaphyses widening
of the epiphyses on X-ray
34b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Dx of Amyloidosis ?
35a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Biopsy of the rectum +

Congo red stain amyloid
proteins appear apple-green
on microscopy
35b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Dx of Systemic Mastocytosis
(neoplastic proliferation of
mast cells) ?
36a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
serum tryptase levels

Urinary histamine
36b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Dx of Syringomyelia ?
37a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
MRI is the Ix of choice
37b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Dx of Subclavian Steal
Syndrome ?
38a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Duplex ultrasound & MRA
38b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Hereditary spherocytosis
39a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Osmotic fragility test
39b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
G6PD
40a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Heinz bodies on blood

films
G6PD enzyme assay
40b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
insulin abuse
41a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Insulin C-Peptide
41b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Hyperosmolar
Hyperglycaemic State
42a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Glucose > 33.3

Serum osmolality > 320
pH > 7.30
Traces of ketonuria
42b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
DKA
43a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Blood glucose >13.8

pH < 7.30
Serum bicarbonate <18
Anion gap > 10
Ketonemia
43b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Insulinoma
44a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Supervised, prolonged
fasting (up to 72 hours)
insulin
C-peptide
CT pancreas
44b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Metabolic syndrome
45a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
waist circumference: men > 102 cm, >

88
triglycerides: > 1.7
HDL: < 1.03 s,< 1.29 s
blood pressure: > 130/85 or active Rx of
HTN
fasting plasma glucose > 5.6 or
previously diagnosed DM2
45b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
most important Dx test for

Achalasia ?
46a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
esophageal manometry
46b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Angiodysplasia
47a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Colonoscopy
Mesenteric angiography if
acutely bleeding
47b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Paracentesis: neutrophil
count > 250 cells/ul
48a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Spontaneous bacterial
peritonitis
48b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Anti-mitochondrial Abs (AMA)

M2 98% of Pts
Smooth muscle Abs
serum IgM
49a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
49b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Primary sclerosing
cholangitis
50a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
MRCP Ix of choice
ERCP
ANCA +ve
limited role for liver biopsy
50b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
serum ceruloplasmin
24hr urinary copper
excretion
51a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Wilson's Disease
51b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Cyanide-nitroprusside test
52a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Cystinuria ,Homocystinuria
52b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Monoclonal proteins in the

serum & urine
plasma cells in the BM
Bone lesions on the skeletal
survey
Hypercalcemia
53a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Multiple Myeloma
(Bence Jones proteins)
53b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
ambulatory 24H BP monitor
54a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
When Dx of HTN is unclear
54b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Mycoplasma
55a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Mycoplasma serology
55b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Dx of occupational Asthma
56a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Serial measurements of PEFR

at work & away from work
56b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Hereditary Angioedema
57a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
C1-INH level is
C2 & C4 levels are seen,
even bw attacks
57b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
-1 Antitrypsin (A1AT)
58a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
A1AT concentrations
58b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Subarachnoid Hge
59a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
CT: Diagnostic, may be -Ve

in 5%.
LP: done after 12 Hrs
(allowing time for
xanthochromia to develop)
59b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Wernicke Encephalopathy
60a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Red cell transketolase

MRI
60b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
functional seizures
61a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Video telemetry is the gold

standard
61b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Myasthenia Gravis
62a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Tensilon test: IV edrophonium

muscle weakness temporarily
CT thorax to exclude thymoma
CK normal
62b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Acoustic Neuromas
63a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
MRI of the cerebellopontine

angle is the Ix of choice
63b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
HSV Encephalitis
64a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
CSF: lymphocytosis, elevated

protein
PCR for HSV
CT temporal changes (e.g. Petechial
Hges) (MRI is better)
EEG lateralised periodic discharges
at 2 Hz
64b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Von Willebrand's disease
65a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Slightly elevated APTT

factor VIII activity
Prolonged bleeding time
Defective platelet
aggregation ristocetin
65b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Primary
Hyperparathyroidism
66a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
calcium, phosphate
PTH may be or normal
66b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Diabetes Insipidus
67a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
plasma osmolarity,
urine osmolarity
Water deprivation test
67b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Carcinoid syndrome
68a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Urinary 5-HIAA
68b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Bacterial overgrowth
69a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
the gold standard Ix is small

bowel aspiration & culture.
69b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
GERD
70a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
24hr esophageal pH
monitoring is gold standard
Ix
70b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Gastric cancer
71a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
endoscopic ultrasound has

recently been shown to be
superior to CT
71b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Chronic Pancreatitis
72a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Abdominal x-ray shows

pancreatic calcification in 30%
CT is more sensitive at
detecting pancreatic calcification
72b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Crohn's disease
73a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Colonoscopy is the Ix of
choice
73b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Whipple's disease
74a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Jejunal biopsy deposition of

macrophages containing PAS
+ve
granules
CRP & ESR
Hypoalbuminemia
74b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Renal artery stenosis
75a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
MR angiography is now the

Ix of choice
75b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Renal biopsy: linear IgG deposits

along basement membrane
transfer factor secondary to
pulmonary Hges
76a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Goodpasture's syndrome
76b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Ca2, PO3,vitamin D ,
ALP
X-ray translucent bands
Looser's zones or
pseudofractures
77a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Osteomalacia
77b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Temporal Arteritis ,
Polymyalgia Rheumatica
78a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
ESR > 50 mm/hr

Temporal artery biopsy:
skip lesions
CK & EMG normal
CD8+ T cells
78b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Sjogren's syndrome
79a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
(RF) +Ve in 100%

ANA +Ve in 70%
Anti-Ro (SSA) Abs in 70%
Anti-La Abs in 30%
Schirmer's test
Biopsy focal lymphocytic
infiltration
79b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Arrhythmogenic Right
Ventricular Cardiomyopathy
80a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Inverted T-wave V1-3 (epsilon

wave)
ECHO enlarged, hypokinetic
right ventricle a thin free wall
MRI fibrofatty tissue
80b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
PCP
81a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
CXR bilateral interstitial

pulmonary infiltrates
BAL silver stain
81b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Allergic bronchopulmonary
aspergillosis
82a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Eosinophilia
Flitting CXR changes
+Ve radioallergosorbent
(RAST) test to aspergillus
82b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Aspergilloma
83a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
CXR containing a rounded

opacity
titres Aspergillus
precipitins
83b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Chlamydia
84a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Traditional cell culture is

no longer widely used
Nuclear Acid Amplification
Tests (NAATs) Ix of choice
84b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Toxoplasma Gondii
85a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Toxoplasma Ab test
Sabin-Feldman dye test
85b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Polycystic ovarian syndrome
86a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Pelvic ultrasound Ix of choice

LH:FSH ratio is a 'classical' feature but
is no longer thought to be useful is Dx
Prolactin may be normal or mildly
elevated.
Testosterone may be normal or mildly
elevated
86b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Venous Ulceration
87a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Ankle-brachial pressure
index
87b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Microcytic anemia
basophilic stippling
serum & urine levels of DALA
Urinary coproporphyrin
88a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Lead Poisoning
88b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Screening for
hemochromatosis
89a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
General population: transferrin

saturation > ferritin
transferrin saturation < 45% excludes
the diagnosis
ferritin > 1000 a liver biopsy should be
performed and Rx initiated.
Family members: HFE genetic testing
89b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
screening test for Acromegaly
90a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Serum IGF-1
& is sometimes used to
monitor disease
90b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
screening test for Colorectal

cancer
91a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Fecal occult blood testing is the

only method to have been
proven to mortality (about
20%)
sigmoidoscopy & colonoscopy
91b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
HNPCC screening for risk

group
92a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Colonoscopy every 2 years

from 20 to 40 years age
annually
Check mutation in DNA or
mismatched repair gene
92b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
screening for concomitant UC

& PSC
93a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
risk of developing colonic

cancer, & it is recommended to be
screened annually colonoscopy
Pts post-liver transplant for PSC
still should have yearly screening
93b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
screening for extensive UC
94a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
should be screened 8 to10

years from the onset of Sx.
by Colonoscopy
94b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Coeliac disease screening in

IBS
95a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
antiendomysial Abs or tissue

transglutaminase
95b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
screening Hepatitis B & HIV

in pregnancy
96a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
All pregnant are offered

screening for hepatitis B &
HIV
96b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
HCC Screening for risk

groups
97a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Screening ultrasound (+/- fetoprotein)

cirrhosis secondary to
hepatitis B & C or
hemochromatosis,
alcohol
97b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Screening for ADPKD
98a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
screening Ix for relatives is

abdominal ultrasound
Associtaed conditions
Colonic diverticula Screen
by barium enema
MVP ECHO screening
98b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Screening for DM
Nephropathy
99a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
All Pts should be screened

annually
Albumin:Creatinine ratio
ACR > 2.5 =
microalbuminuria
99b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Dermatomyositis & Screening
100a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Screen for malignancy by U/S

abdomen + pelvis()/+PSA() - CT chest might
be needed
100b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
modt accurate Screening for

TB ?
101a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Mantoux test
101b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Screening for Chlamydia
102a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
all sexually active Pts aged

15-24 years
102b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Asymptomatic bacteriuria in
routine Screening of
pregnancy ?
103a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
should be Rx an antibiotic
for 7 days
103b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Screening in Pelvic
inflammatory disease
104a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Screen for Chlamydia &

Gonorrhoea
104b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
MUGA
105a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
measure left ventricular

ejection fraction. Typically
used before & after
cardiotoxic drugs are used
105b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Cardiac CT
106a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
useful for assessing suspected

IHD
Calcium score
Contrast enhanced CT
visualization of the coronary
artery lumen
106b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Cardiac MRI
107a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
congenital heart disease

cardiomyopathy
107b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Anti-Ro Ab
108a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Sjogren's syndrome, SLE,

congenital heart block
108b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Anti-La Ab
109a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Sjogren's syndrome
109b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Anti-Jo 1 Ab
110a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
polymyositis
110b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Anti-SCL-70 Ab
111a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
diffuse cutaneous systemic

sclerosis
111b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Anti-centromere Ab
112a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
limited cutaneous systemic

sclerosis
112b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Primary CNS lymphoma
113a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
CT: usu. single ring

enhancing lesions
113b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Cerebral Toxoplasmosis
114a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
CT: usu.multiple ring

enhancing lesions
114b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Cerebral Tuberculosis
115a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
CT: Single enhancing lesion
115b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
screening for Hematuria
116a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Current evidence NO screening

for hematuria.incidence of nonvisible hematuria = Pts taking
aspirin/warfarin to the general
population should be Ix for
bladder cancer if there's hematuria
116b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Lyme disease -
117a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
ELISA test for antibodies to

Borrelia burgdorferi
117b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
pulmonary embolism (history

of CKD stage 4),Best Ix
118a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Ventilation-perfusion scan
118b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
pulmonary embolism (no

past medical history),Best Ix
119a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
CTPA
119b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
high LH and normal/high

testosterone
120a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Androgen insensitivity
syndrome
120b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
low LH and low testosterone
121a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Kallman's syndrome
121b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
High LH and low testosterone
122a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Klinefelter's syndrome
XXY in chromosome
analysis
122b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Low LH and High

testosterone
123a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Testosterone-secreting
tumour
123b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
fluid deprivation causes a

urine osmolality > 300
mOsm/kg
124a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
psychogenic (primary)
polydipsia
in DI there's inability to
concentrate the urine
124b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
benign paroxysmal positional

vertigo Ix of choice
125a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Dix-Hallpike manoeuvre
125b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Hyposplenism
126a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Howell-Jolly bodies
target cells
Pappenheimer bodies
siderotic granules
acanthocytes
126b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Thalassaemia
127a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
basophilic stippling
target cells
Heinz bodies
127b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Apple-green birefringence on
Congo red staining
128a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
amyloidosis
128b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Thickened basement
membrane with subepithelial
electron dense deposits
creating a 'spike and dome'
appearance
129a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
membranous
glomerulonephritis
129b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
diagnosis of haemochronnatosis
as suggested by the presentation
and laboratory investigations
including elevated ferritin.
The next investigation would be
measurement of
130a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
transferrin saturation, if elevated

(above 45%),then
genotyping (homozygosity for C282y
mutations) would be expected to
clinch the diagnosis.
In rarer mutations confirmation with
liver biopsy may be required.
130b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
unprovoked VTE event Ix for

an underlying malignancy in all
patient groups. This should be
done with
131a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Hx & examination.
chest x-ray
calcium levels and liver function,
a urinalysis
Thrombophilia screen isn't the 1st Ix.
131b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Contrast induced
nephropathy definition ?
132a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
a 25% increase in serum creatinine

within 48-72 hours of contrast injection.
Cholesterol atheroemboli may present
in a similar way, but associated with
multiorgan and skin involvement, and the
renal impairment is progressive.
132b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
multiple sclerosis pt, MRI of

the brain is inconclusive (NO
demyelination plaques of
MS), next step ?
133a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
MRI spinal cord look for

demyelination plaquesquite
specific for MS
NOT CSF examination for
oligoclonal bands less specific
than MRI spinal cord
133b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Duration for Cholesterol

embolization to occur post
coronary angiography ?
134a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Cholesterol embolization had

been reported to occur FOR
SEVERAL MONTHS following
coronary angiography.
134b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
anti-saccharomyces
cerevisiae antibodies +ve in ?
135a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Crohns disease
135b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
How to DD bw pleural thickening,

organised empyema or
mesothelioma, and also to
obtain tissue to DD
mesothelioma from other
primary or metastatic cancers ?
136a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Video assisted thoracoscopic

biopsy (VATS)
136b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
PCOS is associated with

androgen excess and LH to
FSH ratio, BUT NOT ?
137a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
not associated with rises in

estradiol or progesterone.
137b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Extrinsic allergic alveolitis

synonym name ?
138a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
138b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
alarm bells in this history

which should make you think
about Viral Haemorrhagic
Fever:
139a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Travel to endemic region

Onset of symptoms within 21
days of return
Attendance at funeral
Other deaths and hospital
closures
139b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Acute rejection timing ?
140a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
occurs within 6 months

typically presents with S &
S of infection
Chronic rejection is after 6
months from transplant.
140b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
CP of Acute portal vein

thrombosis ?
141a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
RUQ pain, vomiting, fever. It is unlikely

to have any features of portal
hypertension and the LFTs are only mildly
deranged.
141b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
If there is a 'white-out' of a hemithorax

it is useful to assess the position of
the
trachea - is it central, pulled or pushed
from the side of opacification ?
142a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
142b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Cryoglobulinaemic
peripheral neuropathy ?
143a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
dt a small-vessel vasculitis
sensorimotor, or purely
sensory.
143b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
causes of Type 4 RTA

(hyperkalaemic) ?
144a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
DM, hypoaldosteronism (a
deficiency of aldosterone, or
to a resistance to its effects)
144b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Councilman bodies in the

liver, Think ?
145a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Yellow Fever
145b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Karyotyping of Turner's
syndrome ?
146a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
45X0
146b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
In the Ix of amenorrhoea, LH
and FSH may be reduced in ?
147a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
young with excessive weight

loss can cause decreased
levels of gonadotrophins. This is
often the case with athletes or
patients with anorexia
147b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
DD bw MND & MMN

(multifocal motor
neuropathy) ?
148a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Both cause weakness, wasting, and

fasciculation + preserved reflexes, and normal
sensation.
bulbar weakness in MND but not in MMN
MND may have upper motor neuron signs but
MMN is a purely lower motor neuron
MND fatal within 5 years, MMN is slowly
progressive over decades and no respiratory
failure
148b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Diagnosis of asymptomatic
myeloma
both of the following are
needed ?
149a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
1) Monoclonal plasma cells in

BM: at least 10%, OR monoclonal
protein at least 30 g/L
2) Absence of myeloma related
organ/tissue dysfunction
149b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
diagnosis of symptomatic
myeloma ?
All three of the following are
needed
150a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
1) Monoclonal plasma cells in BM: at least

10%
2) Monoclonal protein in serum or urine
(but if non-secretory at least 30%
monoclonal plasma cells in BM)
3) Myeloma-related organ impairment
(hypercalcaemia, anaemia and lytic bone
lesions)
150b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
eaton - Lambert syndrome ?
151a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Abs to voltage gated calcium

channels
151b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Pulsus parodoxus
152a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
severe asthma
cardiac tamponade
152b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Bartter's syndrome
153a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
HYPOKALEMIA +
normotension
153b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Colorectal cancer +
endocarditis
154a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Streptococcus bovis
154b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Slow-rising/plateau pulse
155a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
aortic stenosis
155b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Bisferiens pulse
156a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
mixed aortic valve disease
156b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Perseveration
157a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
frontal lobe lesion
157b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Wernicke's aphasia
158a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
temporal lobe lesion
158b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Third heart sound
159a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
left ventricular failure
159b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Jerky pulse
160a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
HOCM
160b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Howell-Jolly bodies -
161a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
hyposplenism
161b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
chronic lymphocytic
leukaemia
162a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Hypogammaglobulinaemia
162b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Type 1 renal tubular acidosis
163a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
renal stones
163b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Transformation to highgrade lymphoma

164a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
chronic lymphocytic
leukaemia
164b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Small bowel lymphoma
165a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
coeliac disease
165b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Collapsing pulse -
166a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
patent ductus arteriosus

aortic regurgitation
166b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
widely split S2
167a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Deep inspiration
RBBB
167b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
reversed split S2
168a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
LBBB
PDA
168b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Ischaemic changes in leads I,

aVL +/- V5-6
169a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
left circumflex
169b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Pulsus alternans
170a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
severe LVF
170b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Loud S1
171a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
mitral stenosis
171b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Schistocytes ('helmet cells') -
172a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
intravascular haemolysis
172b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Gerstmann's syndrome
173a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
parietal lobe lesion
173b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Prosopagnosia (difficulty
recognising faces)
174a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
174b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
S2
fixed split S2
175a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Atrial septal defect
175b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
soft S2 - a
176a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
ortic stenosis
176b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Tall R waves V1-2
177a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Usually left circumflex, also

right coronary
177b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Hypersegmented neutrophils
178a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
megaloblastic anaemia
178b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Salicylate poisoning (initial

stages) 179a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
respiratory alkalosis
179b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
pulmonary haemorrhage
have on (TLCO)
180a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
raised TLCO
180b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Extravascular haemolysis -
181a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
warm AIHA
181b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
182a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
osteomalacia
182b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Heinz bodies -
183a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
G6PD
183b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Target cells -
184a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
hyposplenism
liver disease
Sickle-cell anaemia
184b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
C5-9 deficiency
185a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Neisseria meningitidis
infection
185b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
C5 deficiency
186a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Leiner disease
186b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Hepatitis B vaccine type
187a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
extracts of the
organism/virus
187b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
deficiency of cystathionine
beta synthase
188a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Homocystinuria
188b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
disinhibition
189a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Frontal lobe lesion
189b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Variable intensity of S1 -
190a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
complete heart block
190b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Podocyte fusion on electron

microscopy
191a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
minimal change disease
191b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Mesangial hypercellularity
192a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
IgA nephropathy
192b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
t(9:22)
193a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Chronic myeloid leukaemia -
193b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Epithelial crescents in
Bowman's capsule
194a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Wegener's granulomatosis
Goodpasture's syndrome
194b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
195a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Diabetes mellitus
195b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Acute epiglottitis -
196a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Haemophilus influenzae
196b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Left-to-right shunts
197a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
loud S1
197b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Pencil poikilocytes -
198a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
iron-deficiency anaemia
198b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
expressive (Broca's) aphasia
199a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Frontal lobe lesions
199b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
cryoglobulinaemia
200a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Hepatitis C complication -
200b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
A paradoxical rise in the JVP

during inspiration
201a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
constrictive pericarditis
201b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Lymphogranuloma
venereum 202a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Chlamydia trachomatis
202b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Psoriasis may be worsened

by
203a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
beta-blockers
203b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
squamous cell carcinoma of

the bladder cancer
204a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Schistosomiasis
204b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
homonymous hemianopia
(with macula sparing)
205a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Occipital lobe lesions
205b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Blood pressure target (> 80

years, clinic reading) 206a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
150/90 mmHg
206b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Blood pressure target (< 80

years, clinic reading) 207a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
140/90 mmHg
207b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Blood pressure target (> 80

years, ABPM / HBPM
reading)
208a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
145/85 mmHg
208b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Blood pressure target (< 80

years, ABPM / HBPM
reading)
209a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
135/85 mmHg
209b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
PR depression -
210a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
pericarditis
210b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
defect in the HNF-1 alpha

gene
211a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
MODY 3 -
211b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Auditory agnosia
212a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
212b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
a non-pulsatile raised JVP
213a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
SVC obstruction
213b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
an absent A wave in the JVP
214a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Atrial fibrillation
214b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Acalculia
215a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
215b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Coeliac disease complication

216a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
osteoporosis
216b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
atrial septal defect murmur
217a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Ejection systolic murmur
217b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
T-cell disorder -
218a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
DiGeorge syndrome
218b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Giant V waves in the JVP
219a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
tricuspid regurgitation
219b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
C3 deficiency
220a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Recurrent bacterial infections
220b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Cobble-stone appearance on
endoscopy
221a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Crohn's disease
221b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Sensory inattention
222a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
222b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
WPW type B
223a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
reversed split S2
223b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Mismatched blood
transfusion
224a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
intravascular haemolysis
224b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
homonymous hemianopia
with macula sparing
225a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Occipital cortex lesion
225b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
cannon A waves in the JVP
226a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Ventricular tachycardia
226b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
massive splenomegaly
227a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Chronic myeloid leukaemia

Gaucher's syndrome
Malaria
Visceral leishmaniasis
Myelofibrosis
227b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Alexia
228a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
228b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
NICE guidelines on
hypertension, the criteria for
considering immediate
treatment
229a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
180/110 mmHg
229b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Pappenheimer bodies -
230a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
hyposplenism
230b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Friedreich's ataxia
231a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Hypertrophic obstructive
cardiomyopathy
Diabetes mellitus
231b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Axillary/groin freckles
232a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
neurofibromatosis
232b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
alpha-synuclein cytoplasmic
inclusions in the substantia
nigra, paralimbic and
neocortical areas
233a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Lewy body dementia -
233b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Apraxias
234a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
234b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Common variable
immunodeficiency
235a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
B-cell disorder
235b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
236a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
combined B- and T-cell

disorder
236b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Granuloma inguinale -
237a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Klebsiella granulomatis
237b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Ghrelin -
238a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
increased appetite
238b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Gram-negative cocci
239a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Moraxella catarrhalis
239b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Warm AIHA
240a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
chronic lymphocytic
leukaemia
240b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Siderotic granules -
241a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
hyposplenism
241b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
linear IgG deposits along

basement membrane
242a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Goodpasture's syndrome -
242b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Holosystolic murmur, 'harsh'

in character
243a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
ventricular septal defect
243b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Holosystolic murmur, highpitched and 'blowing' in

character
244a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
mitral regurgitation
tricuspid regurgitation
244b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Loud S2 -
245a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
hyperdynamic states
hypertension (pulmonary
& systemic)
ASD without pulmonary
hypertension
245b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
t(8:14)
246a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Burkitt's lymphoma -
246b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
antibodies directed against

pre-synaptic voltage gated
calcium channel in the
peripheral nervous system
247a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Lambert-Eaton myasthenic
syndrome 247b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
defect in the glucokinase

gene
248a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
MODY 2 -
248b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Deficiency of homogentisic
acid
249a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
alkaptonuria
249b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Defect in the ATP7B gene
250a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Wilson's disease
250b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
spotty skin pigmentation,

myxoma, endocrine tumours
251a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Carney complex
251b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Hemiballism
252a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
subthalamic nucleus of the

basal ganglia lesion
252b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
substantia nigra of the basal

ganglia
253a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Parkinson's disease
253b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Kantor's string sign
254a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Crohn's disease -
254b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
medial thalamus and

mammillary bodies of the
hypothalamus
255a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Wernicke and Korsakoff

syndrome
255b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Rheumatic fever ECG
256a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
a prolonged PR interval
256b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Atrial septal defect (ostium

secundum) ECG
257a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
right axis deviation

right bundle branch block
257b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
chancroid
258a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Haemophilus ducreyi.
258b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Infective endocarditis
Streptococcus mitis
259a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
patients who've had dental

procedures
259b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Coxiella burnetti
260a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Q fever
260b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
burr cells (echinocytes)
261a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Pyruvate kinase deficiency
261b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
basophilic stippling + target

cells + Heinz bodies
262a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Thalassaemia
262b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Bartonella henselae
263a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Cat scratch disease -
263b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Mid-late diastolic murmur,

'rumbling' in character
264a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
mitral stenosis
Austin-Flint murmur
(severe aortic regurgitation)
264b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Bombesin Tumour marker of
265a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
small cell lung carcinoma

neuroblastoma
265b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Duodenal atresia
266a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Down syndrome
266b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
B cell lymphoma of MALT

tissue
267a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Helicobacter pylori
267b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Burkitt's lymphoma
268a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Epstein-Barr virus
268b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Meconium ileus
269a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
cystic fibrosis
269b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Breakdown of large
molecules such as proteins
and polysaccharides
270a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
lysosome
270b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Modifies, sorts, and packages

these molecules that are
destined for cell secretion
271a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Golgi apparatus
271b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Cyanide-nitroprusside test
272a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
cystinuria
272b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Urinary 5-HIAA
273a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
carcinoid syndrome
273b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
CA 19-9
274a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
pancreatic cancer
274b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
CA 125
275a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
ovarian cancer
275b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
a large A wave in the JVP
276a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Tricuspid stenosis
Pulmonary hypertension
276b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Parainfluenza viruses
277a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
croup
277b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Treponema pallidum
278a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
syphilis
278b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
vinyl chloride
279a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Hepatic angiosarcoma
279b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Respiratory syncytial virus
280a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
bronchiolitis
280b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Rhinovirus
281a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
common cold
281b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
visual agnosia
282a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Occipital lobe lesion
282b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Acanthocytes -
283a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
hyposplenism
283b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Auer rods
284a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Acute promyelocytic
leukaemia (M3) 284b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Rhabdomyomas of the heart
285a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
tuberous sclerosis
285b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Cerebellar haemangiomas
286a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
von Hippel-Lindau syndrome
286b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Left subclavicular thrill
287a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
patent ductus arteriosus
287b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Erythema chronicum
migrans
288a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Lyme disease
288b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
C1q, C1rs, C2, C4 deficiency
289a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Immune complex diseases
289b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Anti-La
290a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
SLE
Sjogren's syndrome
290b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Anti-Mi-2 antibodies
291a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
dermatomyositis
291b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Intermittent claudication
292a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Buerger's disease
292b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Coronary artery aneurysm
293a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Kawasaki disease
293b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
HLA-A3
294a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
haemochromatosis
294b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Kyphoscoliosis + ataxia
295a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Friedreich's ataxia
295b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
hair thinning
296a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Isotretinoin
296b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Has a good prognosis and is

most common Hodgkin's
lymphoma
297a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
(nodular sclerosing)
297b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Ataxic telangiectasia
298a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
combined B- and T-cell

disorder
298b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Pseudopolyps seen on
endoscopy
299a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
ulcerative colitis
299b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Roughened patches of skin

over lumbar spine (Shagreen
patches)
300a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
tuberous sclerosis
300b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Hypothermia ECG
301a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
J waves
a long QT interval
U waves
301b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
striatum (caudate nucleus) of

the basal ganglia lesion
302a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Huntington chorea
302b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Chromosome 6
303a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
haemochromatosis
303b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Chromosome 7
304a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
cystic fibrosis
304b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Depigmented 'ash-leaf' spots
305a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
tuberous sclerosis
305b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Lisch nodules in the iris
306a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
neurofibromatosis
306b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Atrial septal defect (ostium

primum) ECG
307a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
left axis deviation

307b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Mesothelioma and bronchial

carcinoma
308a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
asbestos
308b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
aniline dyes
309a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Transitional cell carcinoma
309b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Haemolytic anaemia
(infectious diseases)
310a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Malaria
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
infectious mononucleosis
310b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Heart block (infectious

diseases)
311a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Lyme disease
311b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
P53 -
312a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
tumour suppressor gene
312b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Bilateral acoustic neuromas
313a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
neurofibromatosis type 2
313b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
S-100 Tumour marker
314a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
melanoma
schwannoma
314b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Alpha-feto protein Tumour

marker
315a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
hepatocellular carcinoma
teratoma
315b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
stains with India ink
316a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Cryptococcus neoformans -
316b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Hyposplenism
317a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
coeliac disease
317b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Chediak-Higashi syndrome
318a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
neutrophil disorder
318b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
genetic disorders with Nasal

polyps
319a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
cystic fibrosis
319b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
genetic disorders with Acute

lymphoblastic leukaemia
320a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Down syndrome
320b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
IgA deficiency
321a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
B-cell disorder
321b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Definition of stage 1
hypertension (Clinic reading)
322a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
140/90 mmHg
322b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
an example includes the

initial HIV test
323a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
ELISA -
323b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
an example includes the

confirmatory HIV test
324a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Western Blotting
324b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
S1
325a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Lateral foot, small toe

S1 = the smallest one
325b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
L5
326a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Big toe, dorsum of foot

(except lateral aspect)
L5 = Largest of the 5 toes
326b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
L4
327a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Knee caps
Down on aLL fours - L4
327b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
L1
328a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Inguinal ligament
L for ligament, 1 for
1nguinal
328b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
T10
329a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Umbilicus
BellybuT-TEN
329b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
T4
330a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Nipples
T4 at the Teat Pore
330b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
C5, C6
331a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Thumb + index finger

Make a 6 with your left
hand by touching the tip of
the thumb & index finger
together - C6
331b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Antibodies directed against

desmoglein 3
332a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
pemphigus vulgaris
332b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
IgA mediated small vessel

vasculitis
333a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Henoch-Schonlein purpura
333b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Subacute sclerosing
panencephalitis
334a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
measles
334b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Antibodies directed against

the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa or IbV-IX complex
335a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
ITP
335b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Deficiency of the glycoprotein

Ib/IX/V complex
336a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Bernard-Soulier disease
336b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Tumour suppressor gene

examples
337a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
p53
APC
BRCA1
BRCA2
NF1
Rb
WT1
multiple tumor suppressor 1 (MTS-1, p16)
337b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Oncogene examples
338a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
ABL
c-MYC
n-MYC
BCL-2
RAS
erb-B2 (HER2/neu)
RET
338b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Aflatoxin
339a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
hepatocellular carcinoma
339b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Deletion of the long arm of

chromosome 13
340a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
chronic lymphocytic
leukaemia
340b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
anti-Ro
341a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Sjogren's syndrome -
341b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
opening snap
342a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Mitral stenosis -
342b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Gardnerella vaginalis
343a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
bacterial vaginosis
343b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Trypanosoma gambiense
and Trypanosoma
rhodesiense
344a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
African sleeping sickness
344b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
T(15:17)
345a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
acute promyelocytic
leukaemia (M3)
345b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Learning difficulties
346a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
tuberous sclerosis
homocystinuria
346b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
T(11:14)
347a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
mantle cell lymphoma
347b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Blue lines on gum margin
348a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
lead poisoning
348b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Maculopapular rash appears

48 hours after high fever
349a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
roseola infantum
349b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
persistent fever following a

myocardial infarction
350a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Dressler's syndrome -
350b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Mutation in the fibroblast

growth factor receptor 3
(FGFR-3) gene
351a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
achondroplasia
351b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Defect in the fibrillin-1 gene
352a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Marfan's syndrome
352b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Short stature (genetic

disorders)
353a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
cystic fibrosis
Down syndrome
McCune-Albright
syndrome
Turner's syndrome
353b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
amygdala lesion
354a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Kluver-Bucy syndrome
354b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
t(14:18)
355a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Follicular lymphoma -
355b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Inhibits protein synthesis by

catalyzing ADP-ribosylation of
elongation factor EF-2
356a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Corynebacterium
diphtheriae
356b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Stains with silver stain
357a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Pneumocystis jiroveci
Legionella pneumophilia
357b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
over-expression of cyclin D1
358a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Mantle cell lymphoma -
358b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Hypoxanthine-guanine
phosphoribosyl transferase
(HGPRTase) deficiency
359a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
359b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Palpable purpuric rash over

buttocks
360a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Henoch-Schonlein purpura
360b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
nitrosamines or Helicobacter
pylori
361a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Gastric carcinoma
361b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Defect in porphobilinogen
deaminase
362a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
acute intermittent porphyria
362b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Chromosome 4
363a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Huntington's disease
autosomal dominant
polycystic kidney disease
type 2
363b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Chromosome 22
364a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
neurofibromatosis type 2
364b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
X-linked dominant
365a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Alport's syndrome
vitamin D resistant rickets
Rett syndrome
365b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Basal ganglia degeneration
366a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Wilson's disease
366b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Bronze skin pigmentation
367a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
haemochromatosis
367b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Shield chest with widely

spaced nipples
368a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Turner's syndrome
368b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
(hepatobiliary disorders) +
An association with ulcerative
colitis
369a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
primary sclerosing
cholangitis
369b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
PML/RAR fusion gene
370a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Acute promyelocytic
leukaemia (M3) 370b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Trypanosoma cruzi
371a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Chagas' disease -
371b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Absence of UDP-glucuronyl
transferase
372a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Crigler-Najjar syndrome (type

1)
372b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Meningitis organism by age

group,3 months - 6 years
373a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Haemophilus influenzae
373b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Meningitis organism by age

group,6 years - 60 years
3 months - 6 years
> 60 years
374a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
374b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Chromosome 3
375a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
375b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Pronounced 'sandal gap'

between big and first toe
376a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Down syndrome
376b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Rocker bottom feet
377a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Edward's syndrome
(trisomy 18)
Patau syndrome (trisomy
13)
377b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Lymphoedema in neonates
378a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Turner's syndrome
378b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
nitrosamines
379a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Oesophageal carcinoma
379b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
calf pseudohypertrophy
380a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Duchenne muscular
dystrophy 380b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Precocious puberty
381a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
McCune-Albright syndrome
381b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
webbed neck
382a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Turner's syndrome -
382b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Blue nails
383a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Wilson's disease
383b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Human papilloma virus

16,18 & 33
384a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
cervical cancer
384b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Unopposed oestrogen
385a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
endometrial cancer
385b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
ST elevation
inverted T waves
386a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Brugada syndrome
386b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Short stature
387a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
cystic fibrosis
Down syndrome
Turner's syndrome
387b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Classically causes a cyclical

fever every 48 hours
388a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Plasmodium vivax
Plasmodium ovale
388b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Subungual fibromata
389a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
tuberous sclerosis
389b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
may cause disulfiram-like

reaction with alcohol
390a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Metronidazole
390b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Acanthocytes -
391a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
abetalipoproteinemia
391b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Bullous myringitis
392a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
392b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
'wire-loop' appearance on
light microscopy
393a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
SLE nephropathy (class IV)
393b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
globally reduced uptake on

iodine-131 scan
394a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Subacute thyroiditis -
394b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Overlapping of fingers
395a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Edward's syndrome (trisomy

18)
395b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Decreased appetite
396a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
leptin
396b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
(genetic disorders)
Upslanting palpebral fissures
397a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Down syndrome
397b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
(genetic disorders)
Precocious puberty
398a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
398b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
(infectious diseases)
Suboccipital and
postauricular
lymphadenopathy
399a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
rubella
399b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Abnormality in type III

collagen
400a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Ehler-Danlos syndrome
400b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
(genetic disorders)
Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
401a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
401b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Stains with Ziehl-Neelsen

stain
402a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Cryptosporidium spp.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
402b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Renal cysts
403a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
tuberous sclerosis
403b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Blue sclera
404a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
osteogenesis imperfecta
Marfan's syndrome
404b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Slapped-cheek rash
405a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
erythema infectiosum
(parvovirus B19)
405b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
thin skin + loss of SC fat
406a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Cushing's syndrome
406b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Hydatid cyst liver CT
407a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
delineated wall + fluid filled

Calcification
407b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
associated with onycholysis?
408a
Dr.Sherif Badrawy
Raynaud's disease
408b
Dr.Sherif Badrawy

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