Renal physiology

Functions of kidney:
1- Excretory function
a. Metabolic waste product
i. Urea may be inceased in many
conditions not only in kidney diseases
ii. Creatinen (the gold standard for
kidney function bcz the creatinin level
in the blood depend mainly on the
kidney)
b. Drugs
c. Toxins
2- Regulatory functions
a. Water balance
b. Electrolyte balance
i. Na (135-145 meq/L)
ii. K (3.5-5.5 meq/L
iii. Cl (100 meq/L)
iv. HCO3 (22-28 meq/L)
v. Ca++ (2.5 meq/L)
c. Acid base balance
3- Endocrine functions
a. Erythropoietin (produced by
b. Rennin (produced by juxtaglomerular
aperatus)
c. Prostaglandins
4- Metabolic functions
a. Activation of vitamin D