BC Calculus, Notes Euler’s Method ‘For ditrntia equations at cannot be wlved, a Hope ed an bea Graphic soliton to tha fetal eqation. The problet with this approach sat Slope felis oly realy good for geting general frend in elisa for long-term behavior of elution. There ae tines when we will need something ‘more. Miybe we need to determin bow a specifi solution bebves, including ‘some ves tat he soln wil take In these eases we mst resort to numerical methods tat wl ow usto| pproxiate solsiens to difeental equations, There are many diferent ‘athods that can be used ospproxtae solutions to ffeil equation. {We have already lose at angen! ln apeonimations, which or ct ba approximation of slution near the pets of tangeny, but hat ea ca be ‘sed repeatedly toot incveasialy beter approximations, We ae going o lok a obs ofthe odes and ceases to use here. This mead was orgially devised by Evler ane called, ly enough, Pues Method. Euler's method basally involves "walking on along a ightrpe” om sini point longs tangent Tine. Instead of walling along the seme line th whale tine (as as taget ine approxinaton),we change {ange lines with each stp (of length Ax), This involves recalculating the poat and slope fer each ste. “Tas will reduce a much more accurate appcximation tat amply ing the orginal tangent ine. “The process it seis pet easy and repetve, and it is easier demonststed with an example rater than & complisted formula, Here's the machinery" you wll edt make it works ‘+ We fist must designate the numberof equal steps we woul ike to take, Call ths mmbern 4 Nex if s=a isourinitl vue, sd ==6 ison desired vl o fad our apeosimition at, we caleulste Ar the eonveonal way boo a + Recall slope solving for Ay, we get y= m (x) ‘+ Weecan now proceed. The following chart wil make things esi. (oot the fintsandy we are ina coaditon. $ wile sve) MEMORIZE THIS CHART, MEMORIZE TIS CHART.Example 1: Givenshe dierent uation Ym x2 and yi 1) Find an approximation for y(0.8) by using Euler's method with rwo equal steps. Sketch your solution. 1) Solve the diferent eustion to find »(0.8) * —2 with he ina condition y(0) =, a us your soliton ‘when x=2, use Euler's method wit ive equal steps to approximate y when Example 3: ‘Assume that fan bave the values given inthe table, Use Euler's method with wo equal steps to pproximate the value of (26) z 3 is Fey [or [oT fos Fe) _[2BC Calculus: __ Notes _Euler’s Method ‘Foy Geel equations that cannot b solved. a slope Tecan bea graphical slson fo that differential equstion. The roblm wit hi approach is that a Slope fed is only relly good fer geing general rend in soliton a for Toagstena behavior ofsoluons. Tere ae tines wea we will eed something sore. Maybe we used o determine how a specifi soluson bebves, ineluding some vals that he soliton wil tke. Th these cases we must est to munerzal methods tht wil allow uso spprosimate solutions te differential equations. There ae many diferent ‘meth hat canbe used o approximate solutions to «differential equation. ‘We eve already locked a tangent ine pronimetins, which ee not bad ‘spproninatons of solution ner the poi of taigeney, bu that den canbe ‘sed repeatedly top increasingly beter approsimatons. We ae goig o look a ope ofthe oes and fasiet use here This method was orginally devised by Baler aie calles, oly eovugh, Euler's Method Euler's method basicaly involves “walhng ont along tighrope fom antl pit long tangent line. Instead of walling along to same line he whole tne (ein togent line approxnaie), we change ‘angeat ines with each step (aflzagh x). This iavalves recalculating he pont and slope after each sep, ‘Ths wil produce a much more secure approximation hat sinply using the erigival tangeat ine ‘The process it selfs pretty easy and repeve, and its easier demonstrated with an example her an & complicsted formula. Here's the “machinery” you will eed o make it work: ‘+ Wert must designate the mumber of equ steps we would ke o tks. Call his munber Next if «=a ison intial value, nd xB is ou desired -yale to find one aprosmetion a, We caleuiie Ar theconvetinal wrye * (oot: the st candy used ae the initia condton, 2 wil be given (oatehe & witbe given) ‘MEMORIZE THIS CHART. MEMORIZE THIS CHART, > ars ‘ay=m(as) n= By Heo FFExample: dy = 258 489 = 0.4 Given the diteresil equation Y= x2 and y(0) =. n 2 2) Find an aproxinton or »(08) by sing Ee’ netiod with vo equal sep. Sketch your selon. 1) Solve the differeoialeqution 2 = x2 with the intial condition »(0)=5, and use your solution a ~ to find 9(0.). oa dy =mbe | Soo? PO age] Yoos™ 5-0. = 2 4.2 -0.64= 3.56 bau: % 4(08)= 356 tt Sete y ni y3 in 1-2, ne Pc th a ity ss. 4 ayoks Wei neue x2 27 Axa AS ~0.07 2.8) 5 -0.077 | 273) 2-01 ~0,0661| 2.664; ~0.05354 | 2.6/05/ 2.1054 So fend f*bave the valves given inthe table, Use Eoe's method Wi Two equal steps 1 approximate the vale of (2.6). Ax =-0.2. 1 mor = 5 za [26 x | 4 (% | by Sree Fe [oa for fos | - —— Fey [2 3)2 joe |-e08 = 0.08= 1.92, 2F) 472 / oF | 0.14 17 24] (zp Toeefon, 400.0) =1 78]