NAME OF WORK :-

PKN

DESIGN INPUT DATA :

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
16

WIDTH OF EACH BARREL

HEIGHT OF EACH BARREL
NUMBER OF BARRELS
LIVE LOAD
DEAD LOAD
UNIT WEIGHT OF DRY EARTH
UNIT WEIGHT OF SATURATED EARTH
UNIT WEIGHT OF SUBMERGED EARTH
UNIT WEIGHT OF CONCRETE
ANGLE OF INTERNAL FRICTION ( )
GRADE OF STEEL
GRADE OF CONCRETE
BANK LEVEL
DRAIN H.F.L.
LEVEL AT TOP OF BARREL
NOMINAL COVER
REINFORCEMENT
For TOP slab

Bottom slab

Vertical wall

20
10
20

20
10
20

20
10
20

10
10

Hench
Corner
0.3

Face
Dist
Center
Face
Dist
Center
Face
Dist
Center

3.50
3.50
1
4.50
1.20
1.80
2.00
1.00
2.50
30
415
Fe
20
M
100.00
100.00
100.00
50

20 mm @
14.0 cm c/c

20 mm @
23.0 cm c/c

m
m
Nos.
t/m2
t/m2
t/m3
t/m3
t/m3
t/m3
Degree

3500
3500

mm
mm

4500
1200
1800
2000
1000
2500

kg/m2
kg/m2
kg/m3
kg/m3
kg/m3
kg/m3

14.00
17.00
23.00
11.00
17.00
18.00
20.00
17.00
-561.00
17.00
17.00

cm c/c
cm c/c
cm c/c
cm c/c
cm c/c
cm c/c
cm c/c
cm c/c
cm c/c
cm c/c
cm c/c

m
m
M
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm

@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@

10 mm @
17.0 cm c/c

0.30
20

mm @

20

cm c/c

20

mm @

###

cm c/c

10

mm @

17

cm c/c

Corner

m
20 mm @

20.0 cm c/c
20 mm @
-561.0 cm c/c
10 mm @

Hench

17 cm c/c

20 mm @
11.0 cm c/c

20 mm @
18.0 cm c/c

10 mm @
17 cm c/c

pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in

DESIGN
NAME OF WORK :-

PKN

DESIGN DATA :
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
(1)

WIDTH OF EACH BARREL

HEIGHT OF EACH BARREL
NUMBER OF BARRELS
LIVE LOAD
DEAD LOAD
UNIT WEIGHT OF DRY EARTH
UNIT WEIGHT OF SATURATED EARTH
UNIT WEIGHT OF SUBMERGED EARTH
UNIT WEIGHT OF CONCRETE
ANGLE OF INTERNAL FRICTION ( )
GRADE OF STEEL
GRADE OF CONCRETE
BANK LEVEL
DRAIN H.F.L.
LEVEL AT TOP OF BARREL
NOMINAL COVER
Critical section of the barrel

3.50
3.50
1
4.50
1.20
1.80
2.00
1.00
2.50
30
Fe 415
20
M
100.00
100.00
100.00
50

m
m
Nos.
t/m2
t/m2
t/m3
t/m3
t/m3
t/m3
Degree

m
m
m
mm

The barrel shall be subjected to maximum loading under the bank at the lowest possible
level of the barrel as indicated below in the following section:Bank level

100.00 m

Saturation line

100.00 m

R.L.

=
=

100.00

0.30

=
=

96.20

95.90

3.50
R.L.
R.L.
7.90

(2) Design features

Following cosiderations have been made in the design of barrels :
(i)
Bottom slab :
This design is for uplift pressure and reaction from soil resulting from
the loading on the foundations. Theoretically, the soil reaction is not uniform but for
simplification it is assumed uniform.
(ii)
side walls : Side walls would be tested in the following two critical conditions
(a)
High flood in the drain while barrels are empty
(b)
No water in the drain while barrels are full
(iii)
Partition walls : The partition walls are subjected to equal pressures on either side, and
therefore,no reinforcement is required. Nominal reinforcement is, however,

provided to take care of contingency arising due to unequal pressures

resulting from chocking up of any of the barrels.
(iv)
Top slab : The loads considered for design of top slab are :
(a) Earth load,
(b) Weight of water below saturation line
As there is no roadway along the drain, no live load due to traffic shall be considered.
(3) Design
As the barrels are rigidly joined, they should be designed as a continuous structure. Hardy Cross
method of moment distribution shall be used for design.
Thickness of top / bottom slab
0.3 m
Thickness of side wall
0.3 m
The effective length of horizontal member =
3.80 m
The effective length of vertical member =
3.80 m
Distribution factors
At joint A
For member AB

For member AD

For member DA

For member DC

3.8
3.8

3.8
+
3.8
+

3.8
3.8

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

At joint D

(i) Loads
Consider one meter length of barrel
Depth of dry earth over barrel =
Depth of saturated earth =
Weight of dry and saturard earth =

0.00 X
0
t/m2
Weight of top slab
0.30 X
Live load and dead load
=
4.50 +
Weight on the top slab including its own weight =
=
Weight of the barrels per metre of length
=( 1 X
3.80 +
2
X
= 8.55
t
Total dead load/m length of barrels =
=
=
Net upward pressure on the base slab =
=
=
=

3.8
3.8

3.8
+
3.8
+

100.00 100.00 1.80 +

3.8
3.8

100.00 =
0.00 m
100.00 =
0.00 m
0.00 X 2.00

2.50
1.20
0
6.45

=
0.75
=
5.70
+ 0.75
t/m2

t/m2
t/m2
+

3.80

)x

8.55
+
30.21
t
30.21 /
7.95 t/m2

(ii) Earth pressure

The earth pressure shall comprise of the following :
(a)
dry earth pressure above saturation line from R.L.
(b)
saturated earth pressure from R.L.

0.30

5.70

2.50

0.00

3.80

3.80

7.95

t/m2

100.00 to
100.00 to

100.00
100.00

5.70

3.80

Cp
=
30 degree ,
=
1/3
The pressure at A= Surcharge ( due to dry earth + Satured soil + live & dead load )
X wd X
Cp
ws
= Cp
h1
+
X
X h2
W DL,LL
+ Cp
x
=
1/3
X
1.80 X
0.00
+
1/3 X
1.0
+
1/3 X
5.70
=
1.90 t/m2
Cp
ws
Pressure at D
=
1.90 +
X
X
h1
+
Cp
=
1.90 +
1/3 X
1.00 X
0.00 +
1/3
=
4.18 t/m2
Loads acting on different members are shown below :
Corresponding to

x
x

6.45 t/m2
1.90 t/m2

1.90 t/m2

E
3.80

C
D

4.18
t/m2

3.80

3.80

2.28 t/m2

7.95 t/m2

(iii) Fixing moments

wl2
12

2
X
3.8
(i)
On span AB
=
=
12
=
7.77 t-m
2
2
wl
7.95
X
3.8
(ii)
On span CD
=
12
=
12
=
9.57 t-m
(iii)
On span AD fixed end moments in the wall at each end due to rectangular portion
wl2
1.90 X
3.8 2
=
12 =
12
=
2.29 t-m
Fixed end moments due to triangular portion
2.28 X
3.8 2
MAD
=
30
=
1.10 t-m
MDA
=
2.28 X
3.8 2
20
=
1.65 t-m
Total fixed end moments at A
=
2.29 +
1.10
=
3.39 t-m
Total fixed end moments at D
=
2.29 +
1.65
=
3.94 t-m
(iv) Distribution of moments

Joints
C
Member
Distribution factore
Fixed end
-9.57
moments
Balance

6.45

Dc
0.50
9.57

DA
0.50
-3.94

AD
0.50
3.39

AB
0.50
-7.77

-2.82

-2.82

2.19

2.19

7.77

0.00

wd
1.80

X
X

h2
3.80

Carry over
Balance
Carry over
Balance
Carry over
Balance
Total

-1.41

-0.03

1.10
-0.55
0.35
-0.18
0.07
-0.03

-1.41
0.70
-0.27
0.14
-0.09
0.04

6.00

-6.00

4.70

-0.55
-0.27
-0.18
-0.09

-11.34

(v) Net moments at centre and face

Span AB
6.45 X
3.8
Sagging moments at face = ------------------2
=
1.7657 t-m
3.65
Fixing moments at face=
4.70 +
3.8
=
9.1041
Net fixing moments at face
=
9.1041
=
7.3384
Sagging moments at centre
=
6.45

Fixing moments at centre

=
=

11.642
4.70

6.9904
11.642
4.652

Net sagging moments at centre

=
=

(
t-m
t-m
X
8
t-m
+
2
t-m
t-m

1.10
0.70
0.35
0.14
0.07
0.04
-4.70

0.15

9.29

9.29

6.45
X
0.15
----------------------------2

4.70

1.766
3.8

9.29

6.990

Span CD
7.95 X
3.8
Sagging moments at face = -------------------2
=
2.1763 t-m
Fixing moments at face=
3.65
6.00 +
3.8
=
11.128 t-m
Net fixing moments at face
=
11.128
=
8.95
Sagging moments at centre
=
7.95

Fixing moments at centre

=
=
=

Net sagging moments at centre

Span AD
(a)
Due to rectangular portion
1.90 X
=

0.15

7.95 X
0.15 2
---------------------------2

11.34

6.00

2.18
t-m
X
3.8 2
8
14.35 t-m
11.34 +
6.00
2
8.6683 t-m
= 14.350 =
5.68 t-m

3.8

0.15

8.668

1.90 X

0.15

=
=

2
0.5201 t-m

Due to triangular portion

2.28 X
3.8
=
2
= 0.22 t-m
Total sagging moments at face

0.15

0.15

0.520
0.74
3.65
3.8

+
t-m

0.216

X(

6.00

(a)

=
=

Fixing moments at face

=
=
=
=

Net fixing moments at face

1
3

4.70
5.95
5.95
5.21

0.1 X
2

0.15

4.70

1
7.81

0.05

t-m
- 0.74
t-m

Sagging moments at centre

(a)

(b)

Due to rectangular portion

1.90

=
3.43
2.28 X 3.80
Due to triangular portion =
2
=
2.11 t-m
Total sagging moments at centre

X
8
t-m

3.80

3.8

=
=

3.43 +
5.54 t-m

2.11

+
4.70
2
=
5.35 t-m
Net sagging moments at centre
=
5.54
5.35
=
0.19 t-m
The net moments at face and centre of the different spans are tabulated below :
Fixing moments at centre

6.00

MOMENTS

Span

At face
7.34
t-m (hogging)
8.95
t-m (hogging)
5.21
t-m (hogging)

AB
CD
AD

(vi) Thickness of members

The maximum moment in the barrels is
For M 20 grade concrete and steel of Fe
cbc =
st =
70
Kg/cm2
st =
m =
13
k =
0.378
j =
0.874
R =

4.65
5.68
0.19

8.95
415
1500
1900

Kg/cm2
Kg/cm3

water side
out side

11.552

= 27.84 cm
Adopt overall thickness of all the members

(sagging)
(sagging)
(sagging)

t-m

The minimum effective thickness (d) required for bending moment

M
8.95
X
d =
=
bQ
100
X

At centre
t-m
t-m
t-m

105
12

31

cm

Then effective thickness

(clear cover
The reinforcement required at various points is given below :
(vii)

=
=

26
5.0

cm
cm )

Reinforcement

Span AB (Top Horizontal Slab)

Moments in t-m

Reinforcement required

At face

At

7.34 t-m (hogging)

At centre

Provide

20

Provide
Provide

20
10

4.65 t-m (sagging)

Distribution
Span CD (Bottom Horizontal Slab)
Moments in t-m
At face

17.0

At
Provide

20

Provide
Provide

20
10

5.68 t-m (sagging)

Distribution
Span AD (vertical wall)
Moments in t-m
At face

21.53
14.0
13.65
23.0

=
mm bars @
At
=
mm bars @
mm bars @

26.26
11.0
16.67
18.0
17.0

At

=
15.28
Provide
20
mm bars @
20.0
A
At centre
0.19 t-m (sagging)
=
-0.56
t
Provide
20
mm bars @ -561.0
Distribution
Provide
10
mm bars @
17.0
Hench
Provide
10
mm bars @
### mm
17.0
corner
Provide
10
mm bars @
17.0
Nominal steel shall also be provided on the outer face of the walls for the condition when there is
no water in the drain and barrels are running full. The details of reinforcement are shown below
20 mm @ 14.0 cm c/c
cm c/c
10 mm @ 17.0 cm c/c
A

20 mm @ 23

cm c/c

E
0.30

20 mm @ -561 cm c/c

C.C. M - 20

20 mm @ 20

8 mm @ 17.0 cm c/c

3.50

cm c/c

F
C
20
20 mm @ 18

Cm2
cm c/c
Cm2
cm c/c
cm c/c

Reinforcement required

5.21 t-m (hogging)

20 mm @ 14

Cm2
cm c/c
Cm2
cm c/c
cm c/c

Reinforcement required

8.95 t-m (hogging)

At centre

=
mm bars @
At
=
mm bars @
mm bars @

mm @
cm c/c

11

cm c/c

clear cover =

5.00

cm

0.30

Cm2
cm c/c
Cm2
cm c/c
cm c/c
cm c/c
cm c/c

0.30

3.50 m

0.30

3.50

0.30

DETAILS OF REINFORCEMENT IN BARREL

20 mm @14.0

cm c/c

3.50

10 mm @ 17.0 cm c/c

0.30

20 mm @ 23

cm c/c

20

mm @

18

cm c/c

20

mm @

20

cm c/c

10 mm bars @

17 cm c/c

20

mm @

18

cm c/c

20

mm @

11

cm c/c

3.50

cm c/c

10 mm bars @
17 cm c/c

10 mm bars @
17 cm c/c

0.30