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SECOND EDITION

Eri Banno

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Yoko Ikeda Yl!!IIl!ltf-1-"


Yutaka Ohno
Chikako Shinagawa
Kyoko Tokashiki

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The Japan Tunes

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Note on the accompanying disk


The disk that comes with this book contains digital audio files in MP3 format.
The files can be played on computers or digital audio players, but not on CD players.

Copyright 2011 by Eri Banno, Yoko Ikeda, Yutaka Ohno, Chikako Shinagawa, and Kyoko Tokashiki.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or
otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.
First edition: May 1999
Second edition: March 2011
8th printing: May 2012

Illustrations: Noriko Udagawa and Reiko Maruyama


English translations and copyreading: 4M Associates, Inc., and Umes Corp.
Narrators: Miho Nagahori, Yumiko Muro, Tomoki Kusumi, Tsuyoshi Yokoyama,
and Kit Pancoast Nagamura
Recordings: TBS Service, Inc.
Typesetting: guild
Cover art and editorial design: Nakayama Design Office
Gin-o Nakayama and Akihito Kaneko

Printing: Tosha Printing Co., Ltd.


Published by The Japan Times, Ltd.
5-4, Shibaura 4-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0023, Japan
Phone:03-3453-2013
Website: http://bookclub.japantimes.co.jp/
Genki-Online: http://genki.japantimes.co.jp/
ISBN978-4- 7890-1440-3
Printed in Japan

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Preface

This is a revised edition of the textbook GENKI: An Integrated Course in Elementary


Japanese, which was published in 1999. Since it first came out, GENKI has become
widely used by teachers and students of Japanese and has gone through numerous
reprintings. Such wide acceptance led to the decision to publish this revised edition.
In 1999, our aim was to develop a textbook that teachers would find convenient
and helpful, and one that students could easily use. We thus wrote the book based
on a survey of students' needs and refined it through many test-teaching situations.
Originally meant as a text for foreign students studying in Japan, GENKI gained
popularity among those studying in other countries as well. As use increased, we
began to hear from those who wanted "more information on culture" and "audio
aids appended to the text." It's also been more than ten years since GENKI was
originally published, and the passage of time has required revisions to vocabulary
and expressions.
While retaining the ease-of-use quality for teachers, we have added new content
and revisions that reflect our experiences and the voices of those who have used the
text. The task of revision took two years to complete. We believe that this effort has
resulted in a book that instructors and students will find even easier to use and learn
from.
The opinions of the teachers and students who have used GENKI have been a major
driving force in the preparation of this revised edition. We are truly grateful to those
who have provided this input. The authors would also like to express their sincere
appreciation to the following: Noriko Udagawa, our illustrator, whose work has
become a GENKI trademark; the staff of The Japan Times; and particularly to Chiaki
Sekido of the Publications Department of The Japan Times, who has worked tirelessly
with us on this project since its inception.
It is our hope that students of the language will find additional pleasure in learning

Japanese by using this new edition of GENKI.


The Authors
January 2011

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Id: l.Jrl)l;:::/preface

:$:~1;::: :Jl,) "L /Introduction .. 12


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Japanese Writing System24

L )~:)

Greetings 34

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and Bowing- 37

38

New Friends

X Id: Y c9
Question Sentences

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~CultureNC)te UiAX/vQ) fJ:Ll Japanese
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Names45

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C!ilvQ) ;}$7pt} Japanese Currency---68

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In the Classroom83

84

Verb Conjugation
Verb Types and the "Present Tense"
Particles
Time Reference

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CultureNote

B*O)* Japanese Houses


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101

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The First Date

102

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Foods in Japan207

208
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Japenese Traditional Culture.. 226

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New Year's 264

1-::i

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In the Japanese Class 265

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266

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The Japanese Climate

286

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Health and lllness .. 287

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290

~ 2 ~ tJ $' tJ j-

294

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328

334

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Japanese-English

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Map of Japan--378
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346

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16

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18

Introduction

Aim and purpose


GENKI: An Integrated Course in Elementary Japanese is a textbook for beginners in the study

of the Japanese language. Students can complete the elementary-level study of Japanese in
the 23 lessons of this text, which is divided into two volumes. The book is designed mainly
for use in university courses, but is also effective for high school students and adults who are
beginning to learn Japanese either at school or on their own. Hopefully, students will have at
least a basic knowledge of English, because grammar explanations are given in English.
GENKI: An Integrated Course in Elementary Japanese is a comprehensive approach to
developing the four basic language skills (listening, speaking, reading, and writing), which
aims to cultivate overall Japanese-language ability. Emphasis has been placed on balancing
accuracy, fluency, and complexity so that students using the material will not end up speaking accurately yet in a stilted manner, or fluently but employing only simple grammatical
structures.

(n.
ii,

Revised edition

The revised edition features changes in four major areas.

l . Addition of Culture Notes


Each lesson now contains a "Culture Note," which is designed to enhance students' knowledge of Japan through information on Japanese culture and daily life.
2. Audio material bundled with text and workbook
Audio aids, which had previously been sold separately, have now been added to the textbook
and workbook in MP3 format. The addition of audio material for the workbook's "Listening Comprehension" exercises is especially convenient. We have also recorded the readings
from the Reading and Writing section of the book.
3. Vocabulary and expressions
We rigorously reviewed the vocabulary and expressions to replace words, such as "cassette

Introduction H 19

tape" and "LL" that are no longer in common use, with words and phrases that students will
encounter more frequently.
4. Grammar, practice and readings
While no changes were made to the grammatical topics introduced in each lesson, we supplemented the text and/or made the necessary corrections to make the material even easier
to understand.
In the revised edition, we have replaced the negative forms of adjective and noun phrases
-ku arimasen/-ja arimasen and -nakucha ikemasen, meaning "must," with the -ku nai desu/
-ja nai desu and -nakereba ikemasen/-nakya ikemasen farms, which are more commonly used
in everyday life.
We also increased communicative practice material-mainly dialogues-so that students
would be given sufficient opportunity to practice the grammar that they learn. Moreover, we
have updated the readings in the Reading and Writing section to make them more relevant
to the Japan of today.

fil

Structure of the textbook

This textbook basically consists of three sections: Conversation and Grammar, Reading and
Writing, and the Appendix. A detailed explanation of each part follows.
A~ Conversation and Grammar

The Conversation and Grammar section aims at improving students' speaking and listening
abilities by having them learn basic grammar and by increasing their vocabulary. The Conversation and Grammar section of each lesson is organized as follows:
Dialogue
The dialogues revolve around the lives of foreign students living in Japan and their friends
and families, presenting various scenes that students are likely to face in their daily lives. By
practicing natural expressions and aizuchi (responses that make conversations go smoothly),
students are able to understand how sentences are connected and how some phrases are
shortened in daily conversation. Because the Dialogue section of each lesson covers a lot
of new grammar and vocabulary, students may feel it is too difficult to understand at first.
Don't be overly concerned, however, because the grammar and vocabulary will gradually
take root with practice.
Students can listen to dialogues on the accompanying audio aids (in MP3 format).
Students are encouraged to practice regularly by listening to the audio and carefully noting
pronunciation and intonation.

20

e Vocabulary
The Vocabulary section presents all the new words encountered in both the Dialogue and
Practice sections of each lesson. Words that appear in the Dialogue are marked with an asterisk ( * ). Words are listed according to their function in Lessons 1 and 2, and by parts of
speech in Lesson 3 and all subsequent lessons. In addition, all words presented in the text
are also found in the Index at the end of each volume.
Words found in the Vocabulary section of each lesson appear frequently in subsequent
lessons, thus encouraging students to learn little by little each day. The new words, along
with their English translations, also appear in the audio material, which enables students to
absorb through listening. Starting with Lesson 3, the Vocabulary section also gives the kanji
rendering, but students are not required to memorize the kanji orthography.
This textbook does not indicate a word's accents. The accent of a Japanese word varies
considerably, depending on region, the speaker's age (including the generation gap between
speakers), the word's inflections, and its connection with other words in the sentence.
Therefore, there is no need to be overly concerned about accent, but try to imitate as closely
as possible the intonation heard on the accompanying audio aids.
eGrammar
Easy-to-understand grammar explanations are provided so that even those studying on their
own can easily follow. Students at school should read the explanations before each class.
All grammar items covered in the lesson's Practice section are explained in the Grammar
section. Grammar and vocabulary that require explanation but are not practiced are summarized in the Expression Notes section at the end of each Grammar section.
Practice
For each grammar point covered, Practice sections provide drills that advance in stages from
basic practice to application. The intent is to enable students to gain a grasp of Japanese
naturally by completing the drills in the order presented.
Basic exercises that call for a single predetermined answer are marked with a @!] and recorded with their answers on the audio aids, thus allowing students to practice and learn on
their own.
The last part of the Practice section contains Review Exercises that help summarize what
has been learned. For example, some exercises combine various topics covered in the lesson,
while others require students to create dialogues by applying what was learned in the Dialogue section.
e CultureNote
We have integrated a Culture Note section into each lesson, where we explain aspects of the
culture and everyday life of Japan. These notes cover a wide variety of topics, ranging from

Introduction

21

matters closely linked to language, such as kinship terms, to information deeply ingrained
in daily life, such as the Japanese climate. Our hope is that these comments will serve as a
springboard for students to deepen their understanding of Japanese culture even further by
taking steps of their own, such as by gathering information from the Internet or by discussing the topics with their Japanese friends.

e Useful Expressions
When necessary, we include sections on Useful Expressions at the end of the lessons in order to present supplementary vocabulary and phrases. These sections list expressions that
are related to the lesson's topic (as in "Time and Age" in Lesson 1) or to particular situations
(as in "At the Station" in Lesson 10). The vocabulary introduced in Useful Expressions is
also listed in the index of each volume.
B ~Reading and Writing
The Reading and Writing section aims to foster comprehension and writing ability through
the study of Japanese characters and through practice in both reading and writing. After
learning hiragana in Lesson 1 and katakana in Lesson 2, students begin studying kanji in
Lesson 3. Each lesson after Lesson 3 is organized as follows:
eKanji list

The list contains the new kanji introduced in each lesson. Students are exposed to about 15
new characters in each lesson. Since it is probably not feasible to learn all of these at once,
we encourage students to tackle a few each day. We have formatted each kanji list as follows.
(1) serial number
(2) kanji

(3) reading

(5) compounds

that include the kanji

oiz

~(l,{,

I>

(book; basis)

/.f.OVv) book B ;z!;:.n:,ilv) Japan


8 ;zls:.?o (t: ti Iv;::') Japanese language
.L ;z!;:. ~ ,{, ('I"! b C: ~ Iv) Mr./Ms. Yamamoto
(5) -

't

::ij""

(4) meaning

**

(7) stroke order


(6) stroke count

The.,,, mark appearing next to readings in item (3) indicates the on-yomi, or the reading of
the character that was imported from China. The I> mark indicates the kun-yomi, or the
native Japanese reading. The sound of on-yomi and kun-yomi may change when the kanji
is used in certain words. For example, the ordinary pronunciation of ~ is gaku, but this
becomes gak when the kanji is used in the word~~ (gakkoo). Such derivative readings are
also included in the readings section.

22

Although some kanji have many readings, we include principally those readings that are
appropriate for an elementary level course.
Readings and words that are shaded should be memorized. The others are for reference,
so students don't need to memorize them. The Reading and Writing section of the workbook includes practice sheets for the kanji learned in each lesson. Students should practice
writing the kanji repeatedly, following the stroke order shown on the kanji list in the textbook.
ePractice
GENKI I consists of kanji practice, readings for comprehension, questions about the content
of the readings, and writing practice. Kanji practice is aimed at getting students accustomed
to kanji through practice in various forms, such as reconstructing kanji from their component parts or making new words by combining kanji. Readings for comprehension are generally short and deal with subjects familiar to the students. They assume knowledge of the
vocabulary and grammar that the student has learned in the Conversation and Grammar
section. New words that appear in the readings are listed. At the end of each Practice section, we suggest topics for students to write on.
GENKI II contains readings for comprehension, questions about the content of the readings, and writing practice. The readings introduce Japanese as it is used in a variety of areas,
ranging from letters and fables to essays and advertisements. They assume knowledge of
the vocabulary and grammar that the student has encountered in the lesson so far, and with
each lesson the readings become longer and more difficult. New words in the readings are
listed in the order in which they appear. At the end of each Practice section, we suggest topics for students to write on.
We provide recordings of these readings in both Volumes I and II of the revised edition.
These are denoted by a G!] mark. Students can listen to them through the accompanying
audio aids (in MP3 format).
C ~Appendix
The Appendix of Volumes I and II contains an Index. The Japanese-English Index, in hiragana order, lists words and expressions from the Vocabulary and Useful Expression sections
of each lesson (the index does not contain the vocabulary used in Culture Notes). The number next to a word indicates the lesson in which the word was introduced. In the EnglishJapanese Index, English equivalents to Japanese words are arranged in alphabetical order. In
both indexes of this revised edition, verbs are indicated with [ru] [u] [irr.], to show which
verb group they belong to.
Also included in the Appendix are a map of Japan with the names of all the prefectures, a
table of changes in the sounds of numbers and counters, and a table of verb conjugations.

tntroductton-v- 23

'JV

Orthography and font

The basic text is written in kanji and hiragana. In the case of kanji, we follow the official Joyo
Kanji list. However, hiragana is used instead when the Joyo Kanji equivalent is deemed unnecessary for beginning students of Japanese.
The pronunciation of every kanji in the Conversation and Grammar section is indicated
in hiragana so that this section can be studied alone. To lessen the burden on the students
and allow them to study on their own, however, the "Greetings" unit and Lessons 1 and 2
are written in hiragana and katakana, alongside which the same statement is presented in
romanization. The romanizations are purely for supplemental purposes and students should
avoid relying on them too much. Students study hiragana and katakana in Lessons 1 and 2,
respectively, of the Reading and Writing section.
Students begin studying kanji in Lesson 3 of the Reading and Writing section. To encourage students to maintain a firm grasp of the kanji they have learned, the Reading and Writing section does not provide hiragana readings for kanji that have already been introduced.
The Japanese in the basic text is set mainly in the Textbook font, which resembles handwriting and serves as a good model for students. Students will encounter a variety of fonts
used for Japanese materials, however, and should be aware that the shape of some characters
differs considerably, depending on the font used. Note especially that in certain fonts two
separate strokes may merge into a single stroke because they mimic the characters produced
by a writing brush.
Example:

Textbook font

Mincho font

Gothic font

'-

')

t)

~
~

""-

~
~

(_

t->

>:
-;
-)(

'-?

Handwriting

...,...

'-

t)
>

~
'---

24

Japanese Writing System


1

There are three kinds of characters in Japanese: hiragana, katakana, and kanji. All three
characters can be seen in a single sentence.

katakana

~ Jt

t'

kanji

_Io

I watch television.

~iT(l.gt:l_rlt:l_

Hiragana and katakana, like the alphabet, represent sounds. As you can see in the above example, hiragana has a roundish shape and is used for conjugation endings, function words,
and native Japanese words not covered by kanji. Katakana, which has rather straight lines, is
normally used for writing loanwords and foreign names. For example, the Japanese word for
"television" is written in katakana as .:;- I> c' (terebi). Kanji, or Chinese characters, represent
not just sounds but also meanings. Mostly, kanji are used for nouns and the stems of verbs
and adjectives.

(DH i

rag

a n a

1 . Basic Hiragana Syllables


There are forty-six basic hiragana syllables, which are listed below. Once you memorize this
chart, you will have the skill to transcribe all of the Japanese sounds.

;h
a

-/;

'\

ka
.>(
'-

sa

;{_

};

~
ki

<

It

ku

ke

~
ko

-t

1"

-T

"shi

SU

se

so

-rte

t:

~
nu

t.l

q)
no

'
.)

~
he

f::.

-t;

-:)

ta

"chi

"tsu

-f,;.

1:

na

ni

li

uhi

ha

Ju

ne

to

ll
ho

There is another writing system called romaji (Roman letters) which is used for station names, signs, and so on.

Japanese Writing System 25

ma

J.;.

t;

(/)

mi

mu

me

rp

~
ya
~
ra

.J:

yu

1)

{,

ri

ru

mo

yo

fl
re

;
ro
~
**o

wa

=:

* The syllables L,
-o , and ,), are
romanized as shi, chi, tsu, and Ju, respectively, to closely resemble English
pronunciation.
* * ~ is also pronounced as "wo."

The romanization is given for general pronunciation reference.


2. Hiragana with Diacritical Marks
You can transcribe 23 additional sounds by adding diacritic marks. With a pair of short
diagonal strokes ( ,, ), the unvoiced consonants k, s, t, and h become voiced consonants g, z,
d, and b, respectively. The consonant h changes top with the addition of a small circle (
0

).

-/;{

---

gi

('

It'

gu

ge

.._
go

-r

{f'

--f'

ZU

ze

zo

t:'

*t;'

*-5

-c

t''

da

Ji

zu

de

do

If'

rJ
bi

~
be

lf

ba

lf

u
pi

-:

tr

ga
>(
._

za

pa

~-Ji

,,,
)

'

bu

pu

pe

bo

po

* t; (ji) and

-:J' (zu) are pronounced the


same as l: (ji) and -f (zu), respectively, and have limited use.

3. Transcribing Contracted Sounds


Small ~, rj), and .J: follow after letters in the second column ( i-vowel hiragana, except \ ')
and are used to transcribe contracted sounds. The contracted sound represents a single syllable.

26

~ tP

~ J:

~:'

~,,

~,,

~~
kya

~
gya

-gyutP

-gyoJ:

L~

L tP

L J:

L~

L tP

L J:

t; ~

t; tP

t; J:

cha

chu

cha

1: ~

1: tP

I: J:

nya

nyu

nyo

r.l tP

rl

UtP

o J:

(/~

sha

u~
hya

kyu

kyo

shu

sho

ja

ju

byu

bya

jo

J:

byo

hyo

(./~

(./ tP

uo J:

h. tP

pyu

pyo

mya

myu

h. J:

pya

1) ~

1) tP

1) J:

rya

ryu

ryo

h. ~

hyu

myo

4. Transcribing Double Consonants

There is another small letter, ~, which is used when transcribing double consonants such as
tt and pp.
Examples:

iJ' -:i
~

-:in'

(i

-:i

~,, -:i

t:

katta
sakka
happa
zasshi

(f'
L

(won)
(writer)
(leaf)
(magazine)

cf. iJ' f::.

kata

(shoulder)

Note double consonant n's as in sannen (three years) are written with Iv +a hiragana with
an initial n sound (-f,,i:, I:, lb., *1, and 0)).
Examples:

~ !v ti. !v

~ !v -fJ. ~

'

sannen
annai

(three years)
(guide)

5. Other Issues Relating to Transcription and Pronunciation

A. Long Vowels
When the same vowel is placed one right after the other, the pronunciation of the vowel
becomes about twice as long as the single vowel. Be sure to hold the sound long enough,
because the length of the vowel can change one word to another.

\\

Japanese Writing

o+

27

aa

}; If' ch ~ tC

obaasan

(grandmother)

cf. }; Lf ~ tC

obasan

(aunt)

ii

l?L\\~,.c

ojiisan

(grandfather)

cf. 1? L ~ tC

ojisan

(uncle)

uu

-t 7 L

sY:Y)i

(number)

ee

The long ee sound is usually transcribed by adding an \ ' to an e-vowel hiragana.


There are a few words, however, in which ;t is used instead of \ -.
;t \ \ IJ{
~a
(movie)
}; hi.. ~ ,.{_, oneesan (big sister)

oo

The long oo sound is in most cases transcribed by adding an 7 to an o-vowel


hiragana. There are, however, words in which the long vowel is transcribed with
an }; , for historical reasons.
LI 7 IJ -:>
hooritsu (law)
t'. };
too
(ten)

B. Pronunciation of

Iv

Systern

Iv

is treated like a full syllable, in terms of length. Its pronunciation varies, however,
depending on the sound that follows it. Japanese speakers are normally not aware of the
different sound values of Iv. Therefore, you do not need to worry too much about its pronunelation."
"n"

C. Vowels to Be Dropped

The vowels i and u are sometimes dropped when placed between voiceless consonants (k, s, t,
p, and h), or at the end of an utterance preceded by voiceless consonants.
Example:

-9 ~ T-9 s(u)kides(u)

(I like it.)

D. Accent in the Japanese Language

Japanese has pitch accent: all syllables are pronounced basically either in high or low pitch.
Unlike English stress accent in which stressed syllables tend to be pronounced longer and
louder, in Japanese each syllable is pronounced approximately in equal length and stress.
The pitch patterns in Japanese vary greatly, depending on the region of the country.

One variety of the Iv pronunciation merits discussing here. When it is followed by a vowel or at the end of an
utterance, Iv indicates that the preceding vowel is long and nasalized. (Nasalized vowels are shown here with a
tilde above vowel letters. You hear nasalized vowels in French words such as "bon," or the English interjection
"uh-uh," as in "no.")
ex. h ,.C;}, \' reai (romance)
t:f ,.C hi5 (book)
(woman)
Followed by n, t, d, s, and z sounds, Iv is pronounced as "n."
ex. }; ,.C -tJ. onna
(stroll)
Followed by m, p, and b sounds, Iv is pronounced as "rn."
ex. ~ ,.(, { r sampo
Followed by k and g sounds, Iv is pronounced as "ng" as in "song." ex. i ,.C fJ{ ma1Jga (comics)

28

Examples:

i"J.'

aka

(morning)

sa

i ;{_

t: fJ'\
@Kat

cf,~

mae

(name)

na
ka

(high)

ta

n a

.I.
e

;f

tJ

.:t-

':J

ki

ku

ke

ko

4f

~
"sh!

A.

-ese

')

SU

7
ka

sa

so

''/

ta

"chi

"tsu

te

~
to

-T

--ni

~
nu

:{-.

ne

no

I::

7
Ju

~
he

;t

hi
~~
"'
mi

~
mu

~
me

~
mo

7
na
/ \

ha

7
ma

zi:
yu

~
ya

')

ra

ri

ry

'""
ru

ho

yo

vre

(J

ro

wa

7]''

-f'

J''

Jj'

zr

ga

gi

gu

ge

go

-If

' ,,

:/

7.'

-t'

za

ji

zu

ze

'/
zo

"The syllables ~ , 1- , "/ , and 7 are


romanized as shi, chi, tsu, and Ju, respectively, to closely resemble English
pronunciation.

Japanese Writing System 29

_,,

9''

*-~F

*--y''

da

ji

zu

de

,,
/ '\

I::'

7''

ba

bi

bu

-r-,
be

/\

to

70

pa

pi

pu

+-rkya

.:t-.::z..

.:t-3

kyu

kyo

~-r

~.::z..

sha

shu

1- -r

1- .::z..

-f-3

-=-nya-r

-.::z..

z:

cha

-r

hya

* T'

(Ji) and / (zu) are pronounced the


same as / (Ji) and ;{ (zu), respectively, and have limited use.

po

.f' -r

gya
,,

.f' .::z..

.f' 3

gyu

gyo

,,

,,

:/ -r

:/ .::z..

:/ 3

ja

ju

jo

I::' -r

I::' .::z..

I::' 3

bya

byu

byo

hyo

to -r

to .::Z..

t3

pya

pyu

pyo

nyo

t3

~ -r

~ .::z..

.... 3

mya

myu

myo

') -r

') .::z..

rya

._

bo

cha

hyu
'

-r-,
pe

sho

nyu

t .::z..

;f

-c-

~3

chu

do

'
'

')

ryo

ryu

The pronunciation of katakana and its combinations are the same as those of hiragana, except for the following points.
( 1) The long vowels are written with - .
Examples:

7J -

kaa
sukii
suutsu

::z.-t::Z.-''/

(car)
(ski)

keeki
booru

(suit)

When you write vertically, the - mark needs to be written vertically also.
;t'

Example:
;t'-1[.,

(cake)
(ball)

30

(2) Additional combinations with small vowel letters are used to transcribe foreign sounds

which originally did not exist in Japanese.


Examples:

'7 1
'7 .I.
'7 ;f

/\C1'71-/

harowiin

/\1'7.x.1

haiwee

:/

.I.

:/.I.

:/

.I.

.r; -

L... A.

jeemusu

1-

.I.

1-

.I.

chekku

~ t- 7 JI,- '7 ;f
"/

77:;:/3/

71
7 .I.

7 1

1)

7J 7

.I.

;f

J-

mineraruwootaa
shefu

77

fasshon

firipin

0 /

kafe

7;t-7

fooku
1-

7-1

/~-j-

-T' 1

-r1 A.--~-7

T a:

-r ::i

.I. :;

paatii
/

l-

Dizuniirando
dyuetto

(Halloween)
(highway)
(mineral water)
(chef)
(James)
(check)
(fashion)
(Philippine)
(cafe)
(fork)
(party)
(Disneyland)
(duet)

(3) The sound "v" is sometimes written with r'f. For example, the word "Venus" is sometimes written as i:: - + :::Z or r'f 1 - -t- :::Z.

@Kan

ii

Kanji are Chinese characters which were introduced to Japan more than 1,500 years ago
when the Japanese language did not have a writing system. Hiragana and katakana evolved
later in Japan based on the simplified Chinese characters.
Kanji represents both meanings and sounds. Most kanji possess multiple readings, which
are divided into two types: on-yomi (Chinese readings) and kun-yomi (Japanese readings).
On-yomi is derived from the pronunciations used in China. Some kanji have more than one
on-yomi due to temporal and regional variances in the Chinese pronunciation. Kun-yomi are
Japanese readings. When people started to use kanji to write native Japanese words, Japanese
readings (kun-yomi) were added to kanji.
By the time of high school graduation, Japanese are expected to know 2,136 kanji (called
Joyo kanji), which are designated by the Ministry of Education as commonly used kanji. A
total of 1,006 kanji are taught at the elementary school level, and most of the remainder are
taught in junior high school.
There are roughly four types of kanji based on their formation.

Japanese Writing Systern

( 1) Pictograms
Some kanji are made from pictures:

.].

--+

~
",1 [ ,//

-- :_
-'O-

_::

--+

--+

'

/1, I''"

*(tree)

--+

(day; sun)

(2) Simple ideograms


Some kanji are made of dots and lines to represent numbers or abstract concepts.

--

--+

(three)

.L (up)

(3) Compound ideograms


Some kanji are made from the combination of two or more kanji.

8
~

(day; sun)

}3

(person)

*(tree)

(moon)

--+

--+

BA (bright)

1-*

(to rest)

( 4) Phonetic-ideographic characters
Some kanji are made up of a meaning element and a sound element.
Meaning element
....'

Sound element

(water)

1t sei (blue)

--+

(day; sun)

1t sei (blue)

--+

)t

On-yomi
sei (clean)

Bf sei (clear sky)

o+

31

~=+TT'~-

~Pn.x~./:u:JfJlffi

lif5

Conversation

(lBl, )~:J
lll

lll 3"

Grammar

Section

Greetings-------------

l" ic::S L.,l,)(:=bic!>

lll 2" 1J1l, )=tJO)

and

34

New Friends--------38

Shopping -------------58

'T'- !---0)*{]5R Making a Date

----------84

l'('f(

lll4"

t)Jisl)-CO)'T'- I'-

The
First Date---------102

l;<L;

lll 5"

~$~1i~fi
ATrip toOkinawa----------128
il'3~1CJ:blJJ:C:5
I'-~ fv0)-8

lll 6" DJ\lll 7"

ADay in Robert's Life-----

146

t.,r51:"'5

~1i~0)'.!3'.~
Family Picture-----------166
fJ' .z'<
L.,~ L.,A,

lll 3" J \-rz=t:

Barbecue-----------

:i -

lll9"

D'1317!

llllO"

~1*J.i.O).Y}E Winter
Vacation
Plans
13'11;lt-'9

lllll"

Kabuki---------------208

J::

1*J.i.O)(JB(:

-------228

"(l,\

After
the
Vacation

---------250

1'9

llll2"

~ ~
tf.d

186

FeelingIll --------------266

@!]

Greetings

KOO-G

c\

f:::.

t: ~ i -t

0 )

(iL::60iLTo
J:.;L< t;;f.J.h{\'
Li-to

j:;(j:J:-Jo
j:;(;tj: 7 - x 'i -9
'-

Ohayoo.
Ohayoo gozaimasu.
Konnichiwa.
Konbanwa.
Sayoonara.
Oyasumi(nasai).

:: ,.{,(:i; (io

:: ,{,(;f,{,(j:o
~ l 7 1J.' Go
j:; ~ -t ;,,. ( fd.' ~ \ \)
siJn{t:7o
s 1) h{ t: 7 - x 'i -9
-t ;,,. i -l ,.{,
\\\\;{o
\\-:>l~ii'"o
\ '--=> T G--=> L 'I"\ -,
t. t:\ \ i
i;h';{ I) (/J.'~\\)o
\ \ t: t: ~ i -t
0

'-

Arigatoo.
0

Arigatoo gozai masu.


Sumimasen.
lie.
lttekimasu.
ltterassha i.
Tadaima.
Okaeri(nasai).
ltadakimasu.

Good morning.
Good morning. (polite)
Good afternoon.
Good evening.
Good-bye.
Good night.
Thank you.
Thank you. (polite)
Excuse me.; I'm sorry.
No.; Not at all.
I'll go and come back.
Please go and come back.
I'm home.
Welcome home.
Thank you for the meal.
(before eating)

:: i; 7r: 7 ~ i ( -r L f:::.) o

Gochisoosama(deshita).

Thank you for the meal.


(after eating)

(i L:: 60 i LT o
J:.; L < t;tJ.h{\' Li-to

Hajimemashite.
Yoroshiku onegaishimasu.

How do you do?


Nice to meet you.

~!~/0~5

[jfu

Expression

Notes

'--..._

1
......

"'I

d'3 lcJ: J: 5 I !J fJIC 5 ~ Ohayoo is used between friends and family members,
while ohayoo gozaimasu is used between less intimate acquaintances, similarly
with arigatoo and arigatoo gozaimasu. The rule of thumb is: if you are on the
first- name basis with someone, go for the shorter versions. If you would address
someone as Mr. or Ms., use the longer versions.
Ohayoo is the greeting used before noon, but some people use it in casual
settings in the afternoon or even at night when they see their classmates or coworkers for the first time that day.
~cl:: 5 fd: S ~ There are several good-bye expressions in Japanese, the choice
among which depends on the degree of separation. Sayoonara indicates that the
speaker does not expect to see the person spoken to before she "turns a page in
her life"; not until a new day arrives, or until fate brings the two together again.
It sounds dramatic and ritualistic, and its daily use is largely restricted to school
children taking leave of their teachers.

t- ~ ~>- i t.:a
Jaa, mata.
(between friends, expecting to see each other again fairly soon)
L---=> n"' L- i Ta
Sh itsu reesh i masu.
(taking leave from a professor's office, for example)
9#*ttfu~

Sumimasen means (1) "Excuse me," to get another person's attention, (2) 'Tm sorry," to apologize for the trouble you have caused, or (3) "Thank
you," to show appreciation for what someone has done for you.

I., \I.,\;{_~ lie is primarily "No," a negative reply to a question. In the dialogue, it is
used to express the English phrase "Don't mention it," or "You're welcome," with
which you point out that one is not required to feel obliged for what you have
done for them.
I.,\:::> LS:::> G-r.> I., \/I.,\:::>"L~*9 /t.::tcl.,'*ld'31J'.~ . !J fcJ:~I.,\ ~ Ittekimasu and
itterasshai is a common exchange used at home when a family member leaves.
The person who leaves says ittekimasu, which literally means "I will go and come
back." And the family members respond with itterasshai, which means "Please go
and come back."
Tadaima and okaeri are used when a person comes home. The person who arrives home says tadaima (I am home right now) to the family members, and they
respond with okaerinasai (Welcome home).

Act out the following situations with your classmates.


1. You meet your host family for the first time. Greet them.
2. It is one o'clock in the afternoon. You see your neighbor Mr. Yamada.
3. You come to class in the morning. Greet your teacher. Greet your friends.
4. On a crowded train, you stepped on someone's foot.
5. You dropped your book. Someone picked it up for you.
6. It is eight o'clock at night. You happen to meet your teacher at the convenience store.
7. You are watching TV with your host family. It is time to go to sleep.
8. You are leaving home.
9. You have come back home.
10. You are going to start eating.
11. You have finished eating.

t "'~""JC ;tot~,~

Greetings and Bowing

Aisatsu to ojigi

Japanese people greet each other by bowing, which has many


other functions, such as expressing respect, gratitude, or apologies.
There are different ways of bowing, ranging from a small nod of the
head to a 45-degree bend at the waist. Generally, the longer and
the deeper you bow, the more formal and respectful it appears to
others.
Many Japanese tend to feel uncomfortable with physical contact, although handshaking is
becoming quite common in business situations, especially those involving foreigners.
When meeting someone in a business situation for the first time,
it is customary to exchange meeshi (business cards) with a small
bow. Etiquette guides list a vast number of rules and pointers, but
just remember that the important thing is to clearly show your
respect when exchanging meeshi.

I~!:

/cSl_;l 1CB/c-S
a

N ll

New Friends

Mary, an international student who just arrived in Japan, talks to a Japanese student.

0
Ii)

B!]KOl-01/02
IJ

I'

-t"h.i-\:t,.{,o

\\i

-fJ_,.{,LT-t"h'o

Mearii

Sumimasen.

Ima

nanji desu ka.

Takeshi

Juuniji han desu.

Mearii

Arigatoo

l ~jl}-:

t: lt

Takeshi

gozaimasu.

\\\\;lo
lie.

CD

@ Bii
1

f::lt L
Ano,

Takeshi
.., ii'>
2

;J

IJ

\'

7 ') -

Mearii
3

ryuugakusee desu ka.


ii'>

IJ

-'(' t.:

;{__ ;{__' 7 ') '/-T


Ee,

Arizona

t: \ \ -IJ" <

daigaku no

<])

-IJ"

< -tl" \ \ -r''-t

gakusee desu.

t: lt L
Soo desu ka.

Takeshi
.., ii'>
4

KOl-03/04

;J

1)

Senkoo wa

nan desu ka .

''

7 ') Nihongo desu.

Mearii

Ima

ninensee desu.

Mary: Excuse me. What time is it now?


Takeshi: It's half past twelve.
Mary: Thank you.
Takeshi: You're welcome.

Takeshi: Um ... are you an international student?


Mary: Yes, I am a student at the University of Arizona.
Takeshi: I see. What is your major?
Mary: Japanese. I am a sophomore now.

tc_ Iv
V

Bl KOl-05
a

ano

um ...

ima

now

;:(_ \ \ =-

eego

English (language)

;:(_ ;:(_

ee

yes

* ~<l)
* \\i

*
* fJ{< -I\\
,....., --*

gakusee

student

...

... language

go

ex. I: ( l

Iv .:

( nihongo) Japanese language

=- 7- = 7

kookoo

high school

gogo

P.M.

=-'-tf !v

gozen

A.M .

,....., ~

...

. . . years old

,....., ~Iv
* ,....., t

sai

. . . 5an

Mr./Ms ....

..

o'clock

JI

ex. \ ' t; L ( ichiji) one o'clock

,....., t Iv

...

jin

... people

ex. I: ( l

Iv L Iv

(nihonjin) Japanese people

* -l!v: 7

5enkoo

major

sensee

teacher; Professor ...

-t 7 -c-r
* -t 7 l''-f fJ'
* t:\ \fJ{ <

500 desu

That's right.

500 desu ka

I see.; Is that so?

daigaku

college; university

l'!vt?
t t t:'t;
tc i ;:(_
* fJ. Iv/ fJ.I :
* 1: lllv
* ,....,hlv-l\ \

denwa

telephone

tomodachi

friend

namae

name

nan/nani

what

Ni hon

Japan

...

... year student

-llv-l\\

nen5ee

ex. \ ' t;

h Iv -1 \ '

( ichinensee) first-year student


(l\ \

* (i!v

hai

yes

han

half

ex. I:

L Ii Iv ( niji han) half

past two

lf'!v =-- 7
* 1)

rjJ

ban goo

number

ryuugakusee

international student

watashi

7 fJ{ < -1 \ \

t?t::. L

*Words that appear in the dialogue

ADDITIONAL

Countries
7 ,J 1) tJ
il;_,

llJ

1)

VOCABULARY

Amerika

U.S.A.

-/)'

1;f
1)
/Z
,, !'! o T

@I

lgirisu

Britain

Oosutoraria

Australia

Kankoku

Korea

Suweeden

Sweden

Chuugoku

China

kagaku

science

ajia kenkyuu

Asian studies

It\'~--\'

keezai

economics

: < ~ \ 'fJ'!v(t\ \

kokusaikankee

international relations

.::J/to::z.-5'-

konpyuutaa

computer

L Iv 6 \ 'fJ{ <

jinruigaku

anthropology

-th' L
t' :/ ;f, /Z

seeji

politics

bijinesu

business

bungaku

literature

rekishi

history

shigoto

job; work; occupation

:t-:;z
r
Ii Ii T t

71J1

+c :
/Z 7

.r,

T -)

;..

" IJ

;;_,

--T'/

i... --C Iv

1; tP 7 :' <
Majors

fJ'fJ{ <
7:/71t!v~
; _, c ; _,

!v r.f.,,

tft:ioi"

,_;:Iv

f;{

tP

'i t:

il;,

<

kt~ L
Occupations
L : t

\'L\"
fJ'\' L \"\'Iv

isha

doctor

kaishain

office worker

:7:7-t:h\

kookoosee

high school student

L tP ,_;,

shufu

housewife

t:'\ \f;{ < \ 'lv-l::h \


t:'\ \f;{ <-th\

daigakuinsee

graduate student

daigakusee

college student

<i.: L

bengoshi

lawyer

}; fJ' <f, ~ Iv
};t7~!v
};;fl;t~!v

okaasan

mother

otoosan

father

oneesan

older sister

};(:\\~Iv

oniisan

older brother

\\t 7 t
}; t 7 t

imooto

younger sister

otooto

younger brother

Fam

i I y

KOl-06

x1ctvc9

"It is 12:30:' "I am a student:' "My major is the Japanese language:' These sentences will all
be translated into Japanese using an appropriate noun and the word desu.
~c9o
L:: tP
Juuniji

IJ{

7 t:

It is ...

...C T-9 o

(It) is half past twelve.

(I) am a student.

L:: (j:

han desu.

< -t! \ 'T-9

Gakusee desu.

t: I l ...C : T-9 o

(My major) is the Japanese language.

Nihongo desu.

Note that none of these sentences has a "subject;' like the "it;' "I;' and "my major;' found in
their English counterparts. Sentences without subjects are very common in Japanese; Japanese speakers actually tend to omit subjects whenever they think it is clear to the listener
what or who they are referring to.
What are we to do, then, when it is not clear what is being talked about? To make explicit
what we are talking about, we can say:

Ii

----

t:

11 ...C : T-9 o

wa nihongo

____ is the Japanese language.

desu.

Where
stands for the thing that is talked about, or the "topic;' which is later in the
sentence identified as nihongo. For example,
(My) major is the Japanese language.
Senkoo wa

nihongo desu.

Similarly, one can use the pattern X wa Y desu to identify a person or a thing X as item Y.
X Id: Y c9o
_,.

hf::. Lli ::Z. -


Watashi wa

"

X is Y As for X, it is Y
t;

+ Z; T-9

Suu Kimu desu.

I am Sue Kim.

Mr. Yamashita is a teacher.


Yamashita san wa

sensee desu.

Mearii san wa

amerikajin desu.

Mary is an American.

Wa is a member of the class of words called "particles:' So is the word no, which we will turn

to later in this lesson. Particles attach themselves to phrases and indicate how the phrases
relate to the rest of the sentence.
Note also that nouns like gakusee and sensee in the above examples stand alone, unlike their
English translations "student" and "teacher;' which are preceded by "a:' In Japanese, there is
no item that corresponds to "a;' nor is there any item that corresponds to the plural "-s" at
the end of a noun. Without background situations, a sentence like gakusee desu is therefore
ambiguous between the singular and the plural interpretations; it may mean "We are/you
are/they are students;' as well as "I am/you are/she is a student"

Question Sentences

It is very easy to form questions in Japanese. Basically, all you need to do is add ka at the end
of a statement.
1)

l'J)

iJ'

<

-l\ 'T-9

1)

l'J)

iJ'

<

-l \ 'T-t iJ' o

Ryuugakusee desu.

Ryuugakusee desu ka.

(I am) an international student.

(Are you) an international student?

The above sentence, Ryuugakusee desu ka, is a "yes/no" question. Question sentences may
also contain a "question word" like nan' (what). In this lesson, we learn how to ask, and
answer, questions using the following question words: nanji (what time), nansai (how old),
nannensee (what year in school).

( -l : 7 (;t) ;t \ ' :-- T-t


Senkoo wa

nan desu ka.

What is your major?

1
2

(Senkoo wa)

eego desu.

(My major) is English.

It is not customary to write a question mark at the end of a question sentence in Japanese.
The Japanese question word for "what" has two pronunciations: nan and nani. Nan is used immediately before
desu or before a "counter" like ji ( oclock), The other form, nani, is used before a particle. Nani is also used in the
combination nanijin (person of what nationality).

\'i

-rJ.tTi"n'o

( \ 'i)

< t Ti" o

Ima

nanji desu ka.

(Ima)

kuji desu.

What time is it now?

It is nine o'clock.

Mearii san wa

Juukyuusai desu.

t rp 7 ~ rp 7 ~ \ '-c-rnansai desu ka.

How old are you, Mary?

I'm nineteen years old.

_,."-. tJ. -tr\ 'Ti" n' o

!:tJ.A.,-lt\'Tio

Nannensee desu ka.

Ninensee

What year are you in college?

I'm a sophomore.

Th!f':7

186 if> 7343

Denwa bangoo wa

Ii -r"-Ti"n'o
nan desu ka.

What is your telephone number?

desu.

Ti" o

lchi hachi roku no nana san yon san desu.

It is 186-7343.

No is a particle that connects two nouns. The phrase Sakura daigaku no gakusee means "a
3
student at Sakura University." The second noun gakusee provides the main idea (being
a student) and the first one Sakura daigaku makes it more specific (not a high school, but
a college student). No is very versatile. In the first example below, it acts like the possessive
("x's") in English, but that is not the only role no can play. See how it connects two nouns in
the following examples.

t: lt L ~if> Th!f' : 7
Takeshi san no

Takeshi's phone number

denwa bangoo

t:\ 'n" <

if> {[,.\.,{[\\

daigaku no

sen see

(: 11 ,{,=if) n"<-tt\'
nihongo no

a college professor
a student of the Japanese language

gakusee

(:!lif'J

t:\ 'n" <

Nihon no

daigaku

a college in Japan

Observe that in the first two examples, the English and Japanese words are arranged in the
same order, while in the last two, they are in the opposite order. Japanese seems to be more
consistent in arranging ideas here; the main idea always comes at the end, with any further
description placed before it.
3

Here is what we mean by the "main idea" In the phrase Takeshi san no denwa bangoo (Takeshi's phone number),
the noun denwa bangoo (phone number) is the main idea, in the sense that if something is Takeshi's phone
number, it is a phone number. The other noun Takeshi san is not the main idea, because Takeshi's phone number
is not Takeshi.

-.-

noun, (])

noun,

main idea

further restriction

A phrase of the form "noun, no noun," acts more or less like one big noun. You can put it
wherever you can put a noun, as in the following example:

Takeshi san no

okaasan wa

kookoo no

sen see desu.

Takeshi's mother I is I a high school teacher I

':ll/v~/vO) fJ:J:X. Japanese

Names

Nihonjin no namae

When Japanese give their name, they say their family name first and given name last (middle
names do not exist). When introducing themselves, they often say only their family name.
Here are some typical Japanese names.
Given name
Family name
Men

Women

~ (:: -J

Sa too

t: <

Takuya

~l)tJ'

Erika

99'~

Suzuki

L, J:

-J tc.

Shoota

;j;) ~ \

Ai

Takahashi

~'50-J

lchiroo

tJ- sJ:i.

Naomi

t: tJ- tJ>

Tanaka

V'6

Hiroshi

~ -J ;::

Yuuko

~ \ (:: -J

/too

*~V'0

Masahiro

OZ/.~~

Misaki

t: tJ>

'j:

L,

L,

Most Japanese names are written in kanji. For example, Tanaka is usually written as EE$,
which means "middle of the rice field."

Family names are often related to nature or geo-

graphical features. Because many kanji share the same reading, names with the same pronunciation may be written with different kanji, such as
Yuuko.

:fT- and ifT- for the feminine name

~I~/-~2
0~5

[jfu

Expression

Notes

'"""""------------------------------------

O) ~Ano indicates that you have some reservations about saying what you are
going to say next. You may be worried about interrupting something someone is
currently doing, or sounding rude and impolite for asking personal questions, for
example.
!<tl.. )/XX~ Both hai and ee means "yes" in response to yes-no questions. Compared to hai, ee is more conversational and relaxed. In more informal situations,
un is used.
Hai is also used to respond to a knock at the door or to the calling of one's
name, meaning "Here," as follows. (Ee cannot be replaced in this case.)
-t ;;,. -t

Teacher: 7. ~ 7. -2' Iv ?

Mr. Smith?

Sumisu san?

Student:

fi

v'o

Here.

Hai .

.Z. 5 c91J' ~Soo desu ka acknowledges that you have understood what was just
said. "Is that so?" or "I see."
Pronunciation of let ~The particle fi is pronounced "wa," not "ha." It should be
written with fi. All other instances "wa" are written with b.

bt.:L.O) 't:'!vbf;f!v.:>) fi 37-8667't:'To


Watashi no

denwa bangoo wa

san nana no hachi roku roku nana desu.

My telephone number is 37-8667.


There are few exceptions, such as konnichiwa (good afternoon) and konbanwa
(good evening). They are usually written with .::. Iv f: ~ M and .::. Iv f;f IvM.
Numbers~ Many number words have more than one pronunciation. Refer to the
table at the end of this book for a general picture.
-<f ,,

-ti D and fL v' are both commonly used.


It dj, but pronounced as It'-:> in v'-:> ~Iv (one minute) and It'-:> -2' It'
(one year old).
2 f: all the time. When you are reading out each digit separately, as when
you give your phone number, it may be pronounced with a long vowel,
as f: v-.
3 -2' Iv all the time. The part that follows it may change shape, as in -2' Iv
~Iv, instead of -2' !vb!v.
0

"

........

r
Expression

Notes

4 J:: Iv is the most basic, but fourth-year student is J:: tl.!v-ltv' and four
o'clock is J:: L. In some combinations that we will later learn, it is read
as L (as in L i.)>0, April). The part that follows this number may
change shape too, as in J:: Iv~ Iv.
5 ::: all the time. When read out separately, it may be pronounced with a
long vowel, as ::: -J .
6 0 <,but pronounced as 0-::> in 0-::> ~Iv.
7 iJ: iJ: is the most basic, but seven o'clock is L "b t.
8 Ii "b, but usually pronounced as Ii-::> in Ii-::> ~Iv and Ii-::> '2' It'.
9 ~ ~ -J is the most basic, but nine o'clock is < t.
10 t,~-J,butpronouncedas t~-::> or t-::> in t~-::>~!v/t.-::>~!v
and t.~-::>'2'v'/t.-::>'2'v'.

no is usually placed in between


the local exchange code and the last four digits. Therefore, the number 012-3456789 is zero ichi ni, san yon go no, roku nana hachi kyuu.
Giving one's telephone number j- The particle

tt futtl.,' The word sensee is usually reserved for describing somebody else's occupation. W atashi wa sensee desu makes sense, but may sound slightly arrogant,
because the word sensee actually means an "honorable master." If you (or a member of your family) are a teacher, and if you want to be really modest, you can use
the word kyooshi instead.

~ fu San is placed after a name as a generic title. It goes both with a given name
and a family name. Children are referred to as chan (and boys in particular as
kun), rather than san. Professors and doctors are usually referred to with the title
sensee. San and other title words are never used in reference to oneself.

anata, is not
very commonly used in Japanese. Instead, we use the name and a title like san
and sensee to refer to the person you are talking to. Therefore, a sentence like "Ms.
Referring to the person you are talking to The word for "you,"

Hart, are you Swedish?" should be:


r i.l') t
J\l-

-~-

-j

'2' /vii Ary

Haato san wa

;{.

-r: Iv

--T / t./v'l"Ti.J'o

suweedenjin desu ka.


Li~C

instead of

.i

.I.

J\ -

-t?x..i-C/v

l- '2' Iv, lb iJ: t: Ii A '7 .r,

Haato san,

anata wa

7 / t Iv 'l"Ti.l'a

suweedenjin desu ka.

tlful.A~5
(D93l;
0
1

;! "'
-t:t
a/

;f'L \ \

zero

ree

\ \ t;

11

12

1:::

13

14

(yo)

shi

15

;; <

16

roku

-tj_ -tj_ /
nan a

L t;

17

shichi

18

10

19
ku

L rp -3

20

(f) 8

Lrp-J;;<
L rp -3

;;<L::rp-J
L rp -3

70

-tj_ -tj_
nanajuu

80

!ii;Lrp-J
hachijuu

-tj_ -tj_ /

L rp -3 L t;

90

juushichi

~rp-)Lrp-J
kyuujuu

L rp -3 lit;

100

v '('

<

(e)

10

hyaku

Lrp-J~rp-J/Lrp-J

<
juuku

1:::t.::rp-J
nijuu

BJ

(b) 9
(g)

45

(b) 83

(f)

100

(g)

BJ

(d) 1
( i)

(j) 3

K01-09

(c)

19

(h) 61

38

C. What are the answers?

(h) 6

(a)

Ko1-os

( c)

B. Read the following numbers.

(a)

: L rp 7
rokujuu

L rp 7 :

Read the following numbers.


(a)

60

juushi

juukyuu

juu

A.

L rp 7 l ,.{.,/ L rp 7 L

juuhachi

~rp-J/<

J:,.(.,L::rp-)
gojuu

juunana

Ii t;
kyuu

50

juuroku

hachi

Lrp-J~,.(.,

juugo

go

40

yonjuu

juuyon

5
6

L rp 7 1:::
juusan

J:,.(.,/L/(l)

~,.{.,L::rp-J
sanjuu

juuni

~ ,.{.,

yon
__,

30

Lrp-)\'t;
juuichi

san

Bl KOl-07

ni

(Numbers)

ichi

(d) 76
( i)

(e)

24

52

(j) 97

B]Ko1-10

5 + 3 (b) 9 + 1 (c) 3 + 4 (d) 6 - 6 (e) 10+9

(f)

8-7

(g)

40-25

lJb'fv

(Time)

Bl

C9 cg CD

Q)

J: L

::: L

niji

sanji

yoji

goji

Lt; L

Ii t; L

< L

hachiji

kuji

\ d; L

1:

ichiji

,; < L

~,.<..,t

shichiji

rokuji

Lrp7\'t;L

Lrp-Jl:L

\ 't; L Ii,.(,

juuichiji

juuniji

ichiji han

A. Look at the following pictures and answer the questions.


Example:

0 : \' i
Ima

-rJ.: ,.(,

juuji

BJ

Ko1-12

Ex(O

L T-tn'o

nanji desu ka.

A : \ ' t; L I ;t ,.<. , --r-t

Lrp-JL

co

C)

KOl-11

lchiji han desu.

(1)

(5)

(2)

C9 ..

co

(4)

(3)

(6)

(8)

(7)

Q)

C)

CD

B. Answer the questions.


Example:

GD

Ko1-13

0 : t -J ~ J: -J Ii
Tookyoo wa

\' i

-f,f

ima

nanji desu ka.

:-tf Iv ~Iv L T-9


Cozen

/v L -r-tf.l'o

sanji desu.

2. Stockholm
7:00 P.M.
4. New Delhi
~ 11:30 P.M.

Ex. Tokyo
3:00A.M.

Lib
3. Nairobi
9:00 P.M.

7. New York
1:00 P.M.

5.Bangkok
l:OOA.M.

~6.Sydney
\J
4:00 A.M.

8. Rio de Janeiro
3:00 P.M.

@c /vblct'fvc3 (Telephone Numbers)


A.

Read the following people's telephone numbers.


Example:

-\"'

i L

t:

283-9547

-+

Yamashita

1.

kyuu go yon nana

;Ji,

1)

,,

rp

3. ;)7 1) -

951-0326

-l lv-l \ \

362-4519

4.

f: It L

030-8522-1032

Takeshi

Pair Work-Read the dialogue below with your partner.


Denwa bangoo wa

B : 283-9547 T-9

nan desu ka.

Ni hachi san no kyuu go yon nana desu.

A : 283-9547

-c-r ho*

(*

;i-1 = right?)

Ni hachi san no kyuu go yon nana desu ne.

B:

020-6921-4236

Mearii

sen see

B.

-J : J: Iv -fJ. -fJ.

ni hachi san no

daigaku

2.

Ko1-14

t:::: ( ;t t; ~ Iv(!)
//)

t~\ \f.l{ <

GD

(i\',

-T-J T-t"o

Hai,

soo desu.

GD

Ko1-1s

C.

Group Work-Use the dialogue above and ask three classsmates


telephone

numbers.

name

telephone number

Translate the following phrases into Japanese using 0) (no).


Example:

student of Japanese language

G!] Ko1-16

I::: ( l Iv =.-- (}) fJ{

--+

nihongo no

A.

their

<

-tl" \ \

gakusee

1. my teacher

5. Mary's friend

2. my telephone number

6. student of the University of London

3. myname

7. teacher of the Japanese language

4. Takashis major

8. high school teacher

Look at the chart on the next page and describe each person using the cues
in (a) through (e).
1. f.: It

-t

L ~Iv

2.

Takeshi san

(a) Nationality

G!] Ko1-11,,

,;(I

"'

IJ
1) -

II)

~Iv

(b) Year in school


II)

,;(I

"'

--+

~Iv

G!] K01-19
II)

Example:

,;(I

"'

"'

"'
,;(I')
Mearii

,,

IJ
1) -

Mearii san

IJ

,;(I')

II)

--+

Mearii san

(c) Age

"'

I::

~~

/v

~Iv

4.

--+

II)

"'

,;(I')

~i L

t: -tl" !v-tl" \ \

Yamashita sensee

,,
- ~

!v(;t

Mearii san wa

G!] ,,Ko1-1s
IJ
1)

Ii

CJ/\'-

Robaato san

Mearii san

Example:

"'

3.

Suu san

II)

Example:

:::z-~ Iv

I,;(

1)

amerikajin

fJ t.: Iv T-t

desu.

,,

IJ

~!vii

san wa

IJ

,,
- ~

Mearii san wa

1::: *1/v-tl" \ \ -r---t o


ninensee desu.

!v(;t

t.: rv 7 ~ rv 7 ~ \ \ -c-r o
juukyuu sai desu.

(d) School @!] Ko1-20


'6

,p,

IJ

v-

.J. T 1) - ~Iv

Example:

Mearii san

'6

,p,

,,

I}

,p,

IJ

-t"

.J. T 1) - ~Iv Ii T 1) '/-T t: \ 'Ir~< (})


Mearii san wa

Arizona daigaku no

,-c-r

-IJ{ < -tt\

gakusee desu.

(e) Major @!]

Ko1-21
'6

,p,

IJ

,,

.J. T 1) - ~Iv

Example:

Mearii san

'6

,p,

,,

IJ

.J.jl)-~/v(})

-tt/v:::-J(j:

I:: I l Iv .: -c-t o

Mearii san no

senkoo wa

nihongo desu.

Hart, Mary

~ t; G f: It L

American

Japanese

Kim, Sue

Kimura Takeshi

British

Korean
Nationality

-\" i L t. -t.L<.1-\t 11
Smith,Robert Yamashita
sen see
C'

(iJ'lv:<Llv)

IJ

-j

Japanese

(1 ;f1) A Liv)

kankokujin

igirisujin

Year

2nd year

4th year

3rd year

4th year

Age

19

22

20

22

47

School

U. of Arizona

Sakura Univ.

Seoul Univ.

U. of London

Sakura Univ.

computer

business

Major

Japanese

(*1 ~ L)

history

1ft::io-t

C.ldf.P?tc,P,

(t>/

(.:J/t':i-7-)

rekishi

;j', A)
bijinesu

konpyuutaa

B. Ask and answer questions using the given cues.@!]


'6

Example 1:

j;,

I)

C'

j;,

ti)

1)

Ko1-22

;I)'

.J. T 1) - ~ !v/T .J. 1) iJ L: Iv


Mearii san

amerikajin
ti)

---+

j;,

IJ

C'

j;,

ti)

1)

n'

.J. T 1) - ~/vii

T .J. 1) 7J L: 1v-c-t-lJ'o

Mearii san wa

amerikajin

;{ ;{, -t 7 T-t
Ee,

soo desu.

desu ka.

(Japanese
teacher)

Example 2: ;J

t..'

I)

~Iv/~ lvifllv-tl-\ \

1) -

sannensee

Mearii san

//)

IJ

j;,

''

;J/'J-~!v(i

~lvifllv-tl-\\-c-tn'o

Mearii san wa

sannensee desu ka.

\ \ \ \ :;t , I:: *1 lv-1" \ \ T-t


lie,

Mearii san

Arizona daigaku no

Mearii san

ichinensee

Takeshi san

nihonjin

Takeshi san

Nihon daigaku no

s. t: It L ~Iv/

t.:: l'P

Takeshi san

T ~
T ~

8.

senkoo

Ii

iJ;,

/:

10.

iJ;,

senkoo

Iv/ I::

L:: l'P

nijuuissai

bijinesu

7 \ \ "") ~ \ \

i L t. -1" lv-1" \ \ / I :: ( l Iv t.:: Iv


nihonjin
1:1:

;b

"

~i Lf:-tl-lv-tl-\\//\171 t:\\h"<
Yamashita

A.

ti

t- 7.

yonensee

Yamashita sensee

12.

/:

D / ---- l- ~
Robaato san

11. ~

keezai

Iv/ l ifllv-tl-\ \

Robaato san
Ii

Iv

U'

9. cu<-~~
;,

L::

-1" Iv: 7 / t' /

xi \'- ~ ~ /..,(!)
Robaato san no
;,

7 ~\\

-1" Iv : 7 /It\ \ ~-- \ \ (economics)

Iv(!)
Suu san no
iJ;,

gakusee

suweedenjin

7. 7. - ~
Ii

l'P

Iv/ 7. 7 :r.. --T' '/

Suu san

;,

7 ~

gakusee

juukyuusai

T ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

6. 7. - ~

ninensee desu.

(!)

Hawai daigaku no

sensee

-tl-lv-tl-\\
sen see

Look at the chart about Mary's host family and describe each person with
regard to (a) and (b).

t. 'h n' j) ~ Iv

2.

okaasan

'h I::\ \ ~ Iv
oniisan

(a) Occupation/School
Example:

GD

'ht 7 ~Iv
otoosan

3. \ \

t 7

imooto
Ko1-23
-+

'ht 7 ~ !v(i h'\ \ L '\"\\Iv T'-t o


Otoosan wa

kaishain desu.

(b) Age

G!] Ko 1-24
-j:; t

Example:

7 ~Iv

-j:; t

--+

otoosan

J: Iv L

~/vii

Otoosan wa

rp

Ii~~\

'1''--t a

yonjuuhassai desu.

Mary's host family

~
~

-j:; IJ' ch ~ Iv

-j:;t-J~lv

oniisan

imooto

(father)

(mother)

(elder brother)

(younger sister)

L rp ,;,

kaishain

shufu

t:\

1-/J" <

(high school
student)

48

45

23

16

Otoosan wa

2. -j:;t-J~!vli

kaishain

desu ka.

--tJ.: Iv~

\ 'T--t IJ' a

nansai

-t;IJ'S ~/vii

-1 Iv-I\ 'T--flJ'a

Okaasan wa

sensee desu ka_

-t;IJ'S ~!vii

-fJ..
---c--t IJ'o
nansai desu ka.

5. -j:; 1: \\~/vii
Oniisan wa

6. };l:\\~lvli
Oniisan wa

8.

IJ'\' L-\" \'iv T--tlJ'a

Otoosan wa

Okaasan wa

7.

desu ka_

Iv~\'

L -\"\'Iv

IJ'\'
kaishain

T--t IJ'o

desu ka.

Iv~\'

-fJ..
- -c--t
nansai desu ka.

IJ'o

\' t 7 t Ii t:\ 'IJ{ <-I\' T--tlJ'o


lmooto wa

daigakusee desu ka.

\' t 7 t Ii

-fJ..
nansai

lmooto wa

kookoosee

(graduate
student)

1. -j:;t-J~lvli

4.

= 7 = J-1\\

(housewife)

Answer the questions using the chart above. G!] K01-2s

3.

\ 1,-(,{/_-\ I

daigakuinsee

(works for
a company)

Age

8.

\\t 7 t

okaasan

IJ'\'L-\"\'lv
Occupation/
School

};l:\\~/v

otoosan

Iv~\'

- -c--t IJ'o

desu ka.

*clslJO)
A.

flfvu~3

(Review Exercises)

Class Activity-Ask five classmates questions and find in the chart below.
Ii)

}; i"J.

i ;:{_Ii?

(What is yourname?)

Onamae wa?

Iv Ii?

: L

r)) -? L
Goshusshin wa?

}; L : t'. Ii?

(Where do you come from?)

(What is your occupation?)

-r...- Iv ;f1 lv-l:h \ T-t fJ' o


-r...- Iv~\\

Name

/::

~ T-T o

IJ
1)

f'

1J:

'/-J- -t-T o

IJ" < -l:h \T-t o


t:;tl/v-tt\\T-To
Ninensee desu.

-c-r IJ'o

L:: r)) "') ~ r))


juukyuusai desu.

t: 11 Iv

Nansai desu ka.

Senkoo wa

j;,

i;I:

Gakusee desu.

Nannensee desu ka.

C'

Arizona desu.

Oshigoto wa?

1)

Mearii Haato desu.


j;,

j;,

,;( 7 1) - / \-

nan desu ka.

:-c-r

Occupation/
School

Major, etc.

Age

yourself to the class.

Example:
6') i L
Hajimemashite.

Ii L::
j;,

IJ f' 1J:
1) '/-)-

Ii)

desu.

IJ ''
1) -

i;I:

j;,

/\-

/::

l- T-t o

Mearii Haato desu.

t: \ \ IJ" <

ninensee desu.

Juukyuusai

j;,

-Co ,;( 7

Arizona daigaku no

Ima

Nihongo desu.

Nationality/
Hometown

B. Self-introduction-Introduce

7 ~ \ \ T-t

(!)

IJ" < -tt \ \ T-t o


gakusee desu.

Senkoo wa

Yoroshiku

nihongo desu.

onegaishimasu.

C.

Class Activity-Ask

your classmates

what their majors are, and find someone

who has the following major.

Example:

Q :

-l Iv ::: -) Ii -t.;. Iv T-t n' o


Senkoo wa

A:

nan desu ka.

1::/l!v:::-c-to
Nihongo desu.

name
1. Japanese

2. economics
3. English
4. history
5. business

D. Role Play-Using Dialogue as a model, make skits in the following situations.


1. You don't have a watch with you, but you need to know what time it is.

2. You'vejust met a Japanese person and want to get to know the person.

Useful Expressions

Time

Age

Time
Hours

Minutes

1 \\t; L

ichiji

2 1: ,;, ,..{,

12 L rJJ 7 1: ,;,,..(,

nifun

niji

juuippun

ippun

2 1: L
3

~ ,..{, L

juunifun

~ ,..{,.)~ ,..{,

juusanpun

sanji

4 J: ,..{, .)~ ,..{,

J: L

yon pun

juuyonpun

15 L rJJ 7 :--.;,,..(,

gofun

juugofun

goji

;;

6 ;; < L

-fJ. -fJ. ; ' ,..{,

juuroppun

17 L rJJ 7

nanafun

hachiji

< L

juuhappun

l:J: t; ,;, ,..{,

LrJJ71:J:t;.;.,..{,

hachifun

juuhachifun

7 ,),,..(,

~ rjJ

19 LrJJ7~rJJ-J.),

kyuufun

kuji

juuji

juukyuufun

20 1: L rJJ -:i.)~,..{,/

L rJJ -:i .;~,..{,/

10

LrJJ7

juppun

nijuppun

L-:i.)~,..{,

I:

jippun

nijippun

LrJJJ\\t;L

L -:i .;~ ,..{,

L
30 "",..{,
-

juuichiji

'0/

rjJ -:> ,)'

sanjuppun

~ ,..{, L -:i .;~ ,..{,

12 L rJJ 7 1: L

sanjippun

juuniji

Age

18 L rJJ 7 l:J:-:i.)~/

happun

8 t:t t; L

-tJ. -tJ. .;.

juunanafun

8 ll -:i .)~,..{,/

Lt; L
shichiji

11

16 L rJJ 7 ;; -:i .;~ ,..{,

-:> .)~ ,..{,

roppun

rokuji

10

LrJJ7J:.)~,..{,

14

5 :.;,,..(,

5 : L

L rJJ 7 ~ ,..{,.;~ ,..{,

13

sanpun

yoji

L rJJ 7 \ \ -:i .;~ ,..{,

11

\ \-:> .)~,..{,

-fJ. ,..{, ~ \

'T-9-4'

-c-t n'

1? \ \ <

-:>
Oikutsu desu ka.

o/

Nansai desu ka.

(How old are you?)

The counter suffix.........,~ \ \ ( ... sai) is used to indicate" ... years old."

1 \\-:i~\\

issai

~ ,..{, ~

6 ;; <

1: ~ \ \
nisai

- .>.;
'-..

9 ~rj)J~\\

gosai

kyuusai

rokusai
\

sansai

jussai

11

-fJ. -fJ. ~ \ \

nanasai

4 J: ,..{, ~ \ \

8 (l-:i~\\

yonsai

hassai

*For 20 years old, 1:1

10 L rJJ -:i ~ \ \/ L -:i ~ \'

t. t; (hatachi) is

usually used, although I:

jissai

LrJJJ\'-:i~\'
juuissai

20 (:J:f:i;*
hatachi

rP ..., ~ 1 '/I:

l ..., ~

1 '

(nijussai!nijissai) can be used.

r~~~
1J'G

~tjO)

II)

iJ;,

,;(

Sumimasen.

u t:

h.-10)
II)

iJ;,

IJ l'
l} -

Sore wa

<h fl ( ;t

~ ,{, +' ,{,

sanzengohyaku

iJ;,

IJ l'
l} -

ikura desu ka.

: U '<"' < i.. ,{, T-t

en desu.

Mearii

Soo desu ka.

7,i.-lO)Ut:
Mise no hito
II) a;,
IJ ,,

Kore wa

,;(JI}

ano tokee wa

Jaa,

Are wa

Takai desu ne.

Mise no hito
II)

ikura desu ka.

sanzen en desu.

h.-10) u t:

5 ,;(

Kore wa

Mearii
4

K02-01102

-'(- fl ( ;t ~ ,{, -lf ,{, ;;{_ ,{, --c-g

Mise no hito
3 ,;(

GD

Mearii
2

Mary goes to a flea market.


IJ l'
l} -

N2J

Shopping

Are mo

: fl i;t -1 ,<., i;t ".)

takai desu ne.

u '<"'

< i.. ,<., -c-t J: o

senhappyaku en desu yo.

Mearii

sono tokee o

Jaa,

kudasai.

A man finds a wallet on the ground.


a

LG-t-,f\'Ut:
Shiranai hito
II)

iJ;,

9 ,;(

IJ l'
l} -

Mearii

@ After shopping,
-)

;{_

7 i-

;{_

/::

Ueetoresu
II)

iJ;,

2 ,;(

Mearii

IJ l'
l} -

JL

j-

l-<~

I/)

\ ' G ".) L

'<"' \ '

i -1 o

lrasshaimase.

t:" 7

GD

Mary goes to a restaurant.


'i>

-)

zz, -

Menyuu o

to .; fl

Doomo.

IC

,;(-=-

(;t

Kore wa

-t-J.',{, T-9-IJ' o
nan desu ka.

K02-03/04

r: 7
doozo.

f''o

~2~59

;Z

;Z

I::

tL

-t

71-r VA
,,
,-,( 7"' ') -

Dore desu ka.

Mearii

Tonkatsu?

Ueetoresu
IJ

Ii)

;Z

;Z

I::

r
tL

-t
lie,

sakana ja nai desu.

Mearii

Jaa,

kore o

Niku desu.

-t

Mearii

Sumimasen.

;Z

I::

;Z

i'L

7i-rvA

-t

,-,( 7"'

.H i

-t:L<.1

I::

tL

r1

,,

t- Ii

Toi re wa

r:::: T-t

iJ'

doko desu ka.

~~:::: T-ta
Asoko desu.

Ueetoresu
Ii)

onegaishimasu.

,,

IJ

,-,( 7"' ') ~

-c-r iJ'

,,
,-,( 7"' ') -

Ii)

-r,j_

Sakana desu ka.

IJ

Ii)

Iv iJ'--:J ? ~ iJ'

7i-r VA
Ueetoresu

ton katsu desu.

Aa,

,,

IJ
l] -

~ iJ iJ'

Mearii

z7

- >(

'-

-t

gozaimasu.

Arigatoo

Mary: Excuse me. How much is this?


Vendor: It is 3,000 yen.
Mary: It's expensive. Well then, how much is that watch?
Vendor: That is 3,500 yen.
Mary: I see. That is expensive, too.
Vendor: This is 1,800 yen.
Mary: Then, I'll take that watch.

Stranger: Whose wallet is this?


Mary: It's my wallet. Thank you very much.

Waitress: Welcome. Here's the menu.


Mary: Thank you. What is this?
Waitress: Which one? Oh, it is tonkatsu (pork cutlet).
Mary: Tonkatsu? Is it fish?
Waitress: No, it is not fish. It is meat. It is delicious.
Mary: Then, I'll have this.

Mary: Excuse me. Where is the restroom?


Waitress: It is over there.
Mary: Thank you very much.

Oishii desu yo.

tc_
v
s

Word

That

fu

Po

(11
u

n t

* :::: ;ft
* -t ;ft
* <});ft

kore

this one

sore

that one

are

that one (over there)

* t:'' ;ft

dore

which one

:::: <!)

kono

* -t <!)
* <}) <!)

sono

this ...
that .. _

ano

that . .

t:" <!)

dono

which ...

koko

here

-e ;

soko

there

*<h-t::::

asoko

over there

* t:"'::::

doko

where

dare

who

* 1-J\\L\\
* ~ iJ'fJ.

oishii

delicious

sakana

fish

* t: Iv iJ'--J
* 1: <
* ~ .:::...::i..-

tonkatsu

pork cutlet

niku

meat

menyuu

menu

yasai

vegetable

i.. Iv (./--J

enpitsu

pencil

iJ' ~

kasa

umbrella

iJ'if'!v

kaban

bag

<

kutsu

shoes

,),

saifu

wallet

/ ;(

jiinzu

t.: ;ft

(over there)

Food

1:

VJ

"'

-\''~\\

Things

* ~

--J
\

:)-

L L J:
LT,.{,L-\"
L1v.;:1v

jisho

jeans
dictionary

j itensha

bicycle

shinbun

newspaper

T ~-\""/

ti ishatsu

T-shirt

tokee

watch; clock

,,

/.., i'

-c ..v- t. ~

"J

* tit\\
* Words that appear

in the dialogue

K02-05

-~

nooto

notebook

pen
boos hi

pen
hat; cap

hon

book

kissaten

cafe

ginkoo

bank

to ire

toilet; restroom

toshokan

library

yuubinkyoku

post office

7 ~ 1) tJ

Amerika

U.S.A.

1:f

lgirisu

Britain

/-r

I:

JS

0)

~/
"'-

A,

117 L
{ l ,.(,
Places
~

-:> ~

-r ,.(,

~- ,.(, .; 7
*

L J: IJ' ,.<_,

I: \'

tl

rJJ 7 rJ ,.<_, ~

J:

<

Countries
j;

~'

l/;J

1)

1)

~- !J

ti'

::Z.
-t

IJ' ,.(,

=<

Kankoku

Korea

-t; rP

7 = <

Chuugoku

China

keezai

economics

konpyuutaa

computer

bijinesu

business

*1.~L

rekishi

history

i I y
fJ ' ;}, ~ ,.(,
t?t-J~,.(,

okaasan

mother

otoosan

father

ikura

how much

... en

...

takai

expensive; high

Majors
It\'~--\,
:J/to.::i.-5':::_;.,

(f

r;~tc;l;

t' :/ ;t, ::Z.


(ftti-j

Fam
j:)

Money
~
~

Matters

* \' < G
* ,.___, i. ,.(,
* f::.IJ'\ \
Exp

re s s

yen

o n s

* \' G -_, L '<' \ 'i 1


irasshaimase
* ("-'f)t?h.lJ'\'
L i-f (
o) onegaishimasu
* ("' f) < t: ~ \ '
( o) kudasai

Welcome (to our store).

* t '<' ;},

jaa

then ... ; if that is the case, ...

* t' 7 ..z:

doozo

Please., Here it is.

* t' 7 t

doomo

Thank you.

... ,please.
Please give me . .

What do we do when we want to talk about things that we do not know the names of? We
say "this thing;' "that one;' and so forth. In Japanese, we use kore, sore, and are.

< G Ti"" n'o

.; fl.Ii

\'

Kore wa

ikura desu ka.

How much is this?

-t fl.Ii

~ 1" ~..{,Ti"" o

Sore wa

sanzen en desu.

That is 3,000 yen.

Kore refers to a thing that is close to you, the speaker ("this thing here"). Sore is something

that is close to the person you are talking to ("that thing in front of you"), and are refers to a
thing that is neither close to the speaker nor the listener ("that one over there").

"-

/'(

/,,,

s fl ( i

hf::. L (7) '"'/Ti"" o

Are wa

watashi no

pen desu.

"-

Iv

Iv

: fl ( i hf::. L (7) '"'/Ti"" o

-til'L(i hf::. L(J) '"'/Ti""o

Kore wa

Sore wa

watashi no

pen desu.

watashi no

pen desu.

There is also an expression dare for "which:' Here we will learn to use dare in sentences like:

r fl.Ti"" n, o
Dore desu ka.

Which one is it (that you are talking about)?

In this lesson, we will not explore the full extent to which the word dare can be put to use,
because there is a slight complication with question words like dare. Question words like
dare and nani cannot be followed by the particle wa. Instead, you must use the particle ga
and say:
....Z

/v

r;tt h{ S -t-J. t: if> "'"'- / T-t h' a


Dore ga

Which one is your pen?

pen desu ka.

anata no

L_0)/7c0)(0)/

cO) +noun

If you want to be slightly more specific than kore, sore, and are, you can use kono, sono, and
ano together with a noun. (Note here that the re series must always stand alone, while the no
series must always be followed by a noun.) Thus, if you know that the item in your hand is a
watch (tokee), instead of:

:::ittli

\'<

Kore wa

ikura desu ka.

GT-th'a

How much is this?

you can say:


How much is this watch?
Kono tokee wa

ikura desu ka.

Similarly, if you are talking about a watch that is held by the person you are talking to, you
can say:
That watch is 3, 000 yen.
Sono tokee wa

sanzen en desu.

And if the watch is far from both the speaker and the listener, you can say:
That watch over there is 3,500 yen.
Ano tokee wa

sanzengohyaku

en desu.

If you already know that one of several watches is 3,500 yen but do not know which, you can
say:

Dono tokee ga

sanzengohyaku

en desu ka.

Since dona is a question word, just like dare discussed above, we cannot use the particle wa
with it; we must use ga.

To summarize:
Lft(I~~)

-tfl(I~~)
fl(!~~)
c:rtCtJ'~)

LO) noun
-tO) noun
il50) noun
cO) noun

(I~~)
(I~~)
(I~~)
(tJ'~)

close to the person speaking


close to the person listening
far from both people
unknown

We will learn just one more ko-so-a-do set in this lesson: koko, soko, asoko, and doko are
words for places.
here, near me
there, near you
over there
where

LL

You can ask for directions by saying:


Excuse me. Where is the post office?
Sumimasen.

Yuubinkyoku wa

doko desu ka.

If you are close by, you can point toward the post office and say:
(The post office is) right over there.
(Yuubinkyoku wa)

asoko desu.

We will learn how to give more specific directions in Lesson 4.

titl.O) noun

In Lesson 1, we learned how to say things like Mearii san no denwa bangoo (Mary's phone
number) and Takeshi san no okaasan (Takeshi's mother). We now learn how to ask who
something belongs to. The question word for "who" is dare, and for "whose;' we simply add
the particle no.

.; fl. I ;;t

t:' fl.(!)

ii' I ;f ,.(, T'-t ii'

Kore wa

dare no

kaban desu ka.

Whose bag is this?

Sore wa

Suu san no

That is Sue's bag.

kaban desu.

nount>

In Lesson 1, we learned how to say "Item A is this, item Bis that:' We now learn how to say
"Item A is this, and item B is this, too:'

t;:: It L ~,.(,Ii 1:: 11 ,.(, t.:: ,.(, T-t


Takeshi san wa

J.;. t; .; ~ ,.(, .t_ I :: I l ,.(, t.:: ,.(, T-t


Michiko san mo

Takeshi is a Japanese person.

Michiko is Japanese, too.

nihonjin desu.

nihonjin desu.

Note that these two sentences are almost identical in shape. This is natural, as they both
claim that a certain person is Japanese. The second sentence, however, is different from the
first in that we do not find the particle wa in it. We have mo instead. Mo is a particle that
indicates that that item, too, has the given property. One thing that you should watch out
for is exactly where the particle is placed. In English, the word "too" can be placed after the
sentence as a whole, as in the example above. Not so in Japanese. In the above example,
mo must directly follow Michiko san.

!Ai
\ B:

Id:
1:J

two items

: X:
\ X ~

c9o
c9o

shared property

A isX.
B too is X.
1

To negate a statement of the form X wa Y desu, where Y is a noun, you replace desu with ja
nai desu.2
Mr. Yamada is not a student.
Yamada san wa

gakusee ja nai desu.

We cannot use mo to describe a situation like the following: Our friend, Pat, has dual citizenship; Pat is a
Japanese, but at the same time, she is an American. To describe the second half of this situation, we cannot say,
Patto mo amerikajin desu, because the sentence would mean that Pat, in addition to somebody that has been
mentioned, is an American. Neither can we say, Patto wa amerikajin mo desu. (Japanese speakers would say,
Patto wa amerikajin demo arimasu.)
2
In the dialogues, there are two sentences that end with desu, which call for special attention: Are mo takai
desu ne (That one too is expensive), and Oishii desu yo (It is delicious). These sentences cannot be negated by
replacing desu with ja nai desu, because takai and oishii are not nouns. Are mo takai ja nai desu and oishii [a nai
desu are therefore not grammatical. Instead, one would have to say takaku nai desu and oishiku nai desu. We will
learn about the conjugation pattern of adjectives in Lesson 5.

fa nai desu is very colloquial. The


more formal replacement for nai desu is arimasen. fa is a contraction of de wa, which is
more formal and more appropriate in the written language. Thus in addition to the above
sentence, you also find:
You find several stylistic variants in negative sentences.

~it:~ ,.Cli fr>:<-l\'


Yamada san wa

~it:~,.(,

L '(>~

1)

i-l,.(,o

(more conservative speech style)

1)

-tt ,.Co

(formal, appropriate for writing)

gakusee ja arimasen.

Ii -IJ"

Yamada san wa

<

-l\ ,-tli ~

gakusee de wa arimasen.

affirmative:

(X let) Y c9 o

negative:

(X let) Y

Xis Y.

t.:; t> ta:l 'c9 o


ut>IJ*ttfvo
clet IJ *ttfvo

Xis not Y.

Statements often end with the tags ne or yo, depending on the way the speaker views the interaction with the listener. If the speaker is seeking the listener's confirmation or agreement
to what has been said, then ne ("right?") could be added.
!J

\,)

IJ - ~

,.{,(!)

-\::t s.: J Ii .):,.{,7;{


senkoo wa

Rii san no

<

T-fho

Ms. Lee, your major is literature, right?

bungaku desu ne.

:::;ttli

1:<

Kore wa

niku ja nai desu ne.

L'(>r.,1.\'T-tho

This is not meat, is it?

Another particle, yo ("I tell you"), is added to a statement if the speaker wants to assure the
listener of what has been said. With yo added, a statement becomes an authoritative decree.

t:

,.(,iJ'-J

Tonkatsu

Ii

wa

iJ'-f.,1.

L '(>

-f.,1.\

'T-t J: o

sakana ja nai desu yo.

Let me assure you. "Tonkatsu" is not fish.


-9

;,. -9

:A ~ :A ~

''

!S

,.(,Ii 1 .:'

Sumisu san wa

rJ
1)

igirisujin

-9

:A

L ,.(, T-t J: o

desu yo.

(In case you're wondering,) Mr. Smith is British.

~2~67

r
Expression

(-;a:)< tC:~l,' ~ ( . .

Notes

o) kudasai is "Please give me X." You can use it to request

(concrete) items in general.

(-;a:) (6~1J'il,'

u *9

~ ( ..

o) onegaishimasu too is a request for item X. When

used to ask for a concrete object, ( . .


upscale than (
o) kudasai. It is heard
("I will have
"). ( ... o) onegaishimasu
jects," such as repairs, explanations, and

o) onegaishimasu sounds slightly more


often when ordering food at a restaurant
can also be used to ask for "abstract obunderstanding.

c-;a:)c5i:'~ ( ...

o) doozo is used when an offer is made with respect to item


X. In the dialogue, the restaurant attendant uses it when she is about to hand the
menu to the customer. It may also be used when a person is waiting for you to
come forth with item X; a telephone operator, asking for your name, would probably say Onamae o doozo. ( 0 is a politeness marker. Therefore onamae is "your
honorable name.")

On the pronunciation of number words ~ Note that the words for 300, 600,
800, 3,000, and 8,000 involve sound changes. "Counters" whose first sound is h,
like hyaku (hundred), generally change shape after 3, 6, and 8. Some counters that
begin withs, like sen (thousand), change shape after 3 and 8. Refer to the table at
the end of the volume.
Big numbers ~ In addition to the digit markers for tens (juu), hundreds (hyaku),
and thousands (sen), which are found in Western languages as well, Japanese
uses the marker for tens of thousands (man). Thus 20,000, for example, is niman
( = 2 x 10,000), rather than nijuusen ( = 20 x 1,000). While the next unit marker
in Western languages is one million, Japanese describes that number as 100 x
10,000, that is, hyakuman.
More complicated numbers can be considered the sums of smaller numbers, as
in the following examples.
234,567

23 x 10,000
4x 1,000
sx
100
6X
10
7

~: L ~ -J

2' Iv i Iv
J: lv-tt Iv

::::-{}~ <
o<L~-?

(nijuusanman)
(yonsen)
(gohyaku)
(rokujuu)

7'd:7'd: (nana)

':tl/vO)
~iP.tl
Nihon no okane

Japanese Currency

Japan's official currency is the yen, which is pronounced

en in Japanese. The bills and coins

currently in circulation are the following:


10,000-yen bill

5,000-yen bill

2,000-yen bill

A portrait of Yukichi Fukuzawa


(1835-1901 ), a philosopher and
the founder of Keio University.

A portrait of lchiyoo Higuchi


(1872-1896), a writer and poet.

Shurei Gate, the second gate of


Shuri Castle in Okinawa.

1,000-yen bill

500-yen coin

100-yen coin

5-yen coin

1-yen coin

A portrait of Hideyo
Noguchi (18761928), a bacteriologist who devoted
himself to yellow
fever research.

50-yen coin

10-yen coin

All bills and coins are different sizes. For example, the bills slightly descend in length from
10,000 yen to 1,000 yen. Although

credit cards are now widespread in Japan, some small

shops and restaurants do not accept them, even in major cities. Consequently, most people
usually carry a certain amount of cash with them, and ATMs can be found almost everywhere.
Pre-paid cards are available
are not used in Japan.

for use for public transportation and shopping. Personal checks

tlfuL.,~3

c t

c e

G)9'3L.J (Numbers)
100

G!l

u '(' <

1,000

1::: U '(' <

2,000

hyaku

200

~ ,.{_, 7J '(' <

3,000

<

j:,{,7.}>(>

4,000

;s -:;
-fJ.' .,.J.,

u '('

<

(;t-:;

u '(' <

7,000

u '(' <

( ;t -:;

8,000

50,000

9,000

60,000

-1 ,.{_,

70,000

(a)

34

(b) 67

(f)

515

(g)
(1)

.,.J., .,.J.,

80,000

(ii;i,.C
hachiman

-1 ,.{_,

90,000

~rP-Ji,.C
kyuuman

G!] Ko2.07
(c) 83

(d) 99

(e)

125

603

(h) 850

( i) 1,300

(j)

3,400

35,000

(m)

64,500

(n) 92,340

B. Look at the pictures and answer how much the things are. G!] oz.cs
,.,_

Example:

i ,.{_,

nanaman

-1 ,.{_,

~ t1J -)

;s < i ,.{_,
rokuman

kyuusen

Read the following numbers.

.: i ,.{_,
go man

hassen

~rPJU'('<

(k) 8,900

-fJ.' .,.J.,

l,.Ci,.C
yon man

nanasen

kyuuhyaku

A.

40,000

rokusen

happyaku

900

l ,.C-1 ,.{_,

:S<-1,.C

6,000

~,.Ci,{,
sanman

gosen

nanahyaku

800

30,000

= -1 ,.{_,

5,000

roppyaku

700

~ ,.C-t:LC
yon sen

= u '(' <

1::: i ,.{_,
niman

sanzen

gohyaku

600

20,000

nisen

yonhyaku

500

ichiman

I::: -I,.{_,

sanbyaku

400

\\i;i,.C

10,000

sen

nihyaku

300

-1 ,.{_,

/..,

0 : "'"'- / (;t \ \
Pen wa

<

-r-t

-e,

~'o

/..,

Ex. ......::.:;.,;

ikura desu ka.

A: Iii; L rP-) ;t,.CT-90


Hachijuu en desu.

80

K02-06

70 ~ili!i . ><:;~ti

(1) )._

/v (}o--;)

(2) fr~

(3)

L 1v.;:1v

(4)

11 Iv

50

<--;)

(5)

1,000 I

t:

(6)

(t\

110

(7)

h'lf'!v

1,500

L'. L .1:

(8)

&~
3,500

(9) /-

,,

Iv -r
/ 7.''

(10)

10,000

L'.

20,000

([)

-r Iv L ""'

(11) / -

vs.ooo

I:

l-

(12)

If 7 L

I 9,ooo

C.

I 25,ooo

450

I 2,800

Pair Work-One of you looks at picture A and the other looks at picture B
(p. 80). (Don't look at the other picture.) Find out the price of all items.
Example:

A:

<

G T-th'o

)._fv(}"-J(;t

\'

Enpitsu wa

ikura desu ka.

Hyaku en desu.

~2~71

Picture A

I 36,oool

I 1,200 I

{]

A.

I 1 o,oool

I s,ooo I

Items (1) through (6) are near you, and items (7) through (12) are near your
friend. Your friend asks what these things are called in Japanese. Pay attention
to z n (kore) and -tn (sore). G!] Ko2-09
Example 1:

Friend : -f ;ft Ii
Sore wa

Example 2:
-tJ.
.-..z

You : : ;ftli
Kore wa

Iv T-t -/;'a

Friend:

nan desu ka.

:;ftli
Kore wa

Iv

'"'/ T-t a

-r.J.'/vT-t-lJ'o
nan desu ka.
lL'l.t'L

You : -f flli

pen desu.

Sore wa

"<

-::>

T :/ t' '/ T-t a


tiishatsu desu.

:'%

(8~(y

~~u)

(IO)

Friend

0//

B.

Look at the picture and tell what each building

Example:

0
A

S;ft.(;J:

-tJ.!vTi"iJ'o

Are wa

nan desu ka.

-c-t

sn!;t

t L J: iJ'lv

Are wa

toshokan desu.

is.

8!] Ko2-10

BANK

Libra.ry
t:I

CJ

co

SD

c IJ
cc

00
0 0

(1)

C.

(4)

(2)

Pair Work-Point out five things in the classroom and ask your partner what
they are using
(kore),
(sore), or fl (are). Refer the picture on p. 83
for the vocabulary.

c:::n

-tn

Example 1:

A:

Example 2:

S;ft.!;t

-tJ.!vT-tn'o

Are wa

nan desu ka.

A : f" ;ft. I ;t -tJ. !v T-t iJ' o


Sore wa

nan desu ka.


,..,_

B: S;ft.!;t
Are wa

A.

Iv

B: :;ft.!;J: '"'-/T-90

t It\ 'Ti" o
tokee desu.

Kore wa

pen desu.

Look at the pictures and make sentences using C:::O) (kono), -tO) (sono), or O)
(ano). 8!] Ko2-11
Example:

Ex.

Iv U-J (;J:

: (7) ;t
Kono enpitsu wa

7y

<

L:: tP -) ;t

Iv T-9 o

rokujuu en desu.

(1)

68,000

60

~2~73

(4)

(3)

(5)
'
,,

' 017,000
0

,.

,,

~
4,300

3,500

B. Pair Work-One of you looks at card A and the other looks at card B (p. 81).
Ask and answer questions to find out the price of each item. Use 'C..O) (kono),
f:O) (sono), or <!BO) (ano) appropriately. After finding out the price of all items,
decide on one item you want to buy.
Example:

::: <7)LL{,!i \'

Customer :

Kono hon wa

Store attendant : l:: -1 Iv U ~

< G -r-tiJ'o

ikura desu ka.

< ;{_ Iv T-t

Nisen hyaku en desu.

Customer:

L::~;f:,,

-f:<7)fJ'~~

<f:~\\o

laa,

sono kasa o

kudasai.

Card A
1,800

(1)

(4)

315

%:::.<p J
Ex. 2, 100

"9

7,350

lt=J

(5)~

(2)

(3)~

Part I. You are a store attendant. Tell

Part II. You are a customer. Ask

the customer how much each item is.

for the prices of items (1)-(5).

Look at the pictures and answer where the following are.

@!] Ko2-12
BANk

Ex.

Example:

A : -t J,.. i -l::Lto ~--Iv:


Sur'nimasen.

Ii

Ginkoo wa

t:'': T-9-IJ'o
doko desu ka.

Asoko desu.
Arigatoo

I:

(1) "

,,

gozaimasu.

l1.

(2) t

1 t-

J:

-/;'Iv

toshokan

toire

(3)
~-~

< --:)
kutsu

@.
0

(4)-\"'

llJ

i L f::-1 Iv-I\'

1:

(5) ,,( .:::...

Yamashita sensee

"' ?
::I.. -

( 6)

L: L J:
jisho

menyuu

Pair Work-Point at each item below (picture A) and ask whose it is. Your partner
will refer to the picture B (p. 82) and tell you who it belongs to.
Example:

t:-*10"> -/;'~ T-9-IJ'o

: *11i
Kore wa
llJ

;;,

I)

dare no

kasa desu ka.

\'

,,( 7 I} - ~ Iv 0)
Mearii san no

-/;' ~ T-t
kasa desu.

Picture A

(1)

(2)

(3) ~

63g ca~

Switch roles with your partner.

(7)@

(6)

(4)

(8)

rf:j

(9)~

(5) ~

(10~

Look at the pictures below and describe each picture.


Example:

B!] Ko2-13
Ex. Japanese

}; t: ~ ~,{,Ii

1: (l ,{, t ,{, T-t

Otoosan wa

nihonjin

desu.

Okaasan mo

nihonjin

desu.

Father

Mother

~
( 1) second year
Mary

(2)

rs.soo

Carlos

(3) 22-years old


Takeshi

Robert

(4) 7:00

( 6) U. of London students

(5) vegetable

Seoul

Robert

Tokyo

A. Look at the chart on the next page and answer the questions.
II)

Example:

if;

,;( 7

IJ \'
1) -

~,(,Ii

I:::

Mearii san wa

1.

:>,

2.

nihonjin ja nai desu.

If

chuugokujin

if; /::

IJ
1)

if; /I)

O/\'l- ~,(,Ii
Robaato san wa

3. -\"

7 _;(

If

if;

-tt,<.,:-Jli
senkoo wa

lt\'~--\'Ti""iJ'o
keezai desu ka.

~ < 0t:\,iJ{<(J)

fJ{<-tl-\'Ti""iJ'o

Sakura daigaku no

gakusee desu ka.

if;

IJ

:>,

I'

/,,

/::'

/,,

,i7')-~A,li

o/F/t:\,iJ{<(J)

fJ{<-tl-\'Ti""iJ'o

Mearii san wa

Rondon daigaku

gakusee desu ka.

no

f:tt L ~ A,!i 1:::ti,Z,-tl-\ ,-z---tiJ'o


A. - ~
0

If

if;

ninensee desu ka.

,(,Ii \ '-t; ti ,(,{t \ 'T-9 iJ' o

Suu san wa

10.

nihongo desu ka.

f:ltL~A,li

Takeshi san wa
-t -?

9.

Ii 1:::11,z,:--r---rn'o

Takeshi san wa
II)

8.

desu ka.

Suu san no

7.

7'7 L ,(, Ti""iJ'o

i::

5. A.-~,(,(])
6.

desu ka.

O/\'~,(,(])-ct,(,:-)
Robaato san no
senkoo wa
-t -?

ichinensee

i::

O/\'~,(,Ii
Robaato san wa

J:

desu ka.

tJ.,(,{t\

'Ti""iJ'o

yonensee desu ka.

-/J'

Amerikajin desu.

sc
: < L ,(, Ti""iJ'o
kankokujin desu ka.

i L f:-tl-A,-t:h'Ii

1)

7 _;( I) 7'7 L ,(, T-t

il'

amerikajin

Yamashita sensee wa

4.

if; II)
0

f: It L ~ A,!i -t; rt>-) : < L ,(, Ti""iJ'o

Takeshi san wa

BJ Ko2-14

11,(, L ,<_, -c-tiJ'o

nihonjin desu ka.

\ \ \ \ ;;(_ ' I::: I l ,(, L ,(, L -\" fJ.'\ \ T-t


lie,

Nancy

~2WI! 77

Hart, Mary

~t G

f: It L

Kimura

Takeshi

Kim, Sue

Smith, Robert

-\" i Lt:-t!t{,-1 \'


Yamashita sensee

Nationality

American

Japanese

Korean

British

Japanese

School

U. of Arizona

Sakura Univ.

Seoul Univ.

U. of London

Sakura Univ.

Major

Japanese

history

computer

business

(Japanese
teacher)

Year

2nd year

4th year

3rd year

4th year
~

B. Pair Work-Ask your partner whose belongings items (1) through (7) (picture A)
are. Your partner will refer to the picture B (p. 78) and answer the questions.
II)

Example:

~\1,),T-9-IJ'0

Kore wa

Mearii san no

saifu desu ka.

\'

Iv (!)

Mearii san no

~ \ \ ') '

t -\" fJ. \ \ T-t

Ex.
0

saifu ja nai desu.

IJ \'
1)-~/v(!)

~\\,),T-f-lJ'o

Rii san no

saifu desu ka.


I}

IJ

\ \ \ \ ;;{_ ' ;J 7 I) - ~
lie,

\'

;})1)-~/v(!)
II)

I}

:;tt(;J:

\'

ii,

1)-~/v(!)

~\,,),T-to

Ee,

Rii san no

saifu desu.

Picture A
(1)

~
(6)

(5)

(3)

(2)

(7)

\/!!!/

(4)

tt!l

Picture B
ri)

;ji,

IJ

')-

Mearii

Rii

*c6b0)
A.

1)

,,( 7 ') -

\,.'

J: 7

Yooko

4lfvLA~5 (Review Exercises)

Role Play-One student is a store attendant. The other is a customer.


Use Dialogue I as a model.

~dO
-tf3jf!)-

~2~79

B. Role Play-One student is a waiter/waitress. The other student goes to a restaurant. Look at the menu below and order some food or drink, using Dialogue
II as a model. (See Culture Note in Lesson 8 [p. 207] for more information on Japanese food.)

If

If

')

-c

,,

A_/{Jf',;;7-1

"

-t (;f

;j;,

\'

71

<

Iv

I:'

i -

-If / F 1

IJ

\'

t:

A. 7 ') -J..,.

ll: Iv

Ii

;J;,

')

1-

~<

;J;,

/\//{-fl-

~
~

t,

';I

C. Look at the picture and ask who each person is. Then, add more questions
about their nationality,

Example:

occupation,

t.:il'l T-t h'o

::: it(i
Kore wa

//;

;J;;

;J

IJ

etc., as in the example.

dare desu ka.


C>

1) -

"t-t

~ ,.(,

Ex.

Mearii san desu.


C>
!'[ 1) T

1 ;f '):A L ,.(, T-th'o

lgirisujin

desu ka.
C>

IJ

\ '\ ';t,

1.: r1)

lie,

igirisujin

<l;

//;

IJ

;J

1)

IJ

{'

L '<'

-rJ.\

'T-t o

ja nai desu.

iJ'

7J L ,.(, T-t o

Amerikajin
<l;

:AL,.(,

desu.
too

71) '/-Tt.:\'h'<
Arizona daigaku

no

0)

h'<-l\'T-to
ga kusee desu.

-f 7 T-th'o

Soo desu ka.

Pair Work (D C.
Example:

====================================================
(- p. 70)

A
Enpitsu wa

ikura desu ka.

U '<' < ;t ,.(, T-t o

~100

Hyaku en desu.

Picture B

4.soo

3.7ool

7.ooo

Pair Work

@ B. ==========================================================================
( _____. p. 73)

Example:

Customer :

< G T-tlJ'o

:: O)(l,Z,li

\'

Kono hon wa

ikura desu ka.

Store attendant : I:

-1 ,{., U

'<"

< ;;{. ,{., -c--r

Nisen hyaku en desu.

*
Customer:

L::

'\"S,

Jaa,

7<:0)1J'~ ~

< t:~\'o

sono kasa o

kudasai.

Card B
(4)

(2)

1,050
3,780

(5)

~fl/~~~~

53

~~
9,450

Ex. 2,100 ~

(3)~1_~
Part I. You are a customer. Ask for the

Part II. You are a store attendant. Tell

prices of items (1)-(5).

the customer how much each item is.

Pair Work

===============================================================
(-p.74)

Example:

t: .rt<!)

fr~

dare no

kasa desu ka.

ii>

-c-r iJ'

: .rt ii
Kore wa
if;,

;J I

IJ t>
1) - ~

Mearii san no

s.:

fJ' ~ T-t

kasa desu.

Picture B

_,

-?

/ZSuu

//)

f::.lt L
Takeshi

if;,

IJ

t'

;JI I} Mearii

"'

/;f

0 / \'-

a;, I:
~

Robaato

\"i L

t: -tt ,<.,-tt \

Yamashita sensee

Useful Expressions

I n

the

Class

room
iJ'

= < (;;f ,.{_,

d; -C

lo

7]-j--/
kaaten

-z-,.<_,~

kokuban

denki
t: '"'

FT
doa

;,

I
I

Ii,.<_, ----+h.~
hon

\ \-t
isu

keshigomu

I.I' I ;;f ,.<_,


kaban

:--'"\

hf.1'1) i Lf:f.l'o-------wakarimashita

Do you understand?

ka.

hf.I' 1) i L t., ------------I understand.II understood.


Wakarimashita.

h I.I' 1) i -1 ,.{_, o

------------

I don't understand.II don't know.

Wakarimasen.

l'1:>

-:>

<

< t: ~ \ \

\ \-:> T
itte kudasai.

1)

Yukkuri

o -------

t 7 \ \ t c:: \ \ -:> T < t: ~ \ \ o


Moo ichido

J:

-:>

\ 1

Please say it again.

itte kudasai.

i-:>

Chotto
~

-------

Please say it slowly.

< t: ~ \

\o

-------

Please wait.

matte kudasai.

T <

t: ~ \ \

o ------------

Please listen./Please ask.

Kiite kudasai.

""' .z
10 '"'--/

Juppeeji o

l:.

~ h. T

< t:~ \

mite kudasai.

\o

-------

Please look at page 10.

3J

Making a Date

0
l

t: ( t

2 ,;(

,;( 7 I) - ~ Iv ' ii!

L :
1)

-t 7 T-t tlo
i -t

f:(tL:

t: \ 'T

BIB!ii;J:--)t:
t' J:-? 1f

L:-\"<h,

f:ltL:

1 ,;(

1) -

\ '\

G!] K03-01;02
! ;t f: \ \ ( \ \ 1PJ f L i -t ii'
>1:1:

\' 7 t; T~ 7~ L i
rZ/v~

J:-3

7 1) - :

,;(

};~~Iv :
;l;ji,

3 ,;(

1) -

t' J:-? 1f

.. o

BBIB!;tt:''-JT--fii'o

'T--f tlo

G!] K03-03/04

1? ! Ll: 7 .: ~-- \ ' i -t o


1? Ii .J: 7 o .!f-\
'T-t tlo
Ii-?
;;{_;;{_,

~8(j:jf:~(::f[~i--fo
-?

5 J:? C:

!.. '

Jf:~Tgj(@J"f.Jf,i--fo
~

J:

x_ \, \ -/J{

;l;ji,

1) -

1Lmt
:.; T-t
<

L.

a_t :-~i;t?

61:;~~/v:

li/v

;l;ji,

7 ,;(
8

1) -

};~~Iv:

i;l:/v

~""
i -tr Iv
t:
-t 7 T--fii'o

;l;ji,

9 ,;(

1)

t: ~

J;.

;{_cqj<

};~~!v:

5 ,;(

t..

1: i? J:-? rJ

~ J:

L-\"ih, BIB(::Gj(@Jf.Jf,i-ttlvii'o

@ On Sunday morning, at Mary's host family's.


1

+,

-t-JT--fii' .. o

s ,;(/1)-:
6

l>J>? ;!'-:>

Mary and Takeshi are talking.

3
4

\\--)(~i--fo

t-\" ch, \ \--) ( G--) L-\" \ 'o

h-

r-- ~ Gj(@J
f Jl
x._1,,
N

7-)..

Takeshi: Mary, what do you usually do on the weekend?


Mary: Let's see. I usually study at home. But I sometimes see movies.
Takeshi: I see ....

Then, would you like to see a movie on Saturday?

Mary: Saturday is not a good day. (lit., Saturday is a little bit [inconvenient]
Takeshi: Then, how about Sunday?
Mary: That's fine.

Mary: Good morning.


Host mother: Good morning. You are early, aren't you?
Mary: Yes, I'm going to Kyoto today. I will see a movie in Kyoto.
Host mother: Good. Around what time will you come back?
Mary: Around nine.
Host mother: How about dinner?
Mary: I will not eat.
Host mother: I see. Well, have a nice day.
Mary: Good-bye.

A~r:i,

rn
EJJ

... )

G1l K03-05
a

Ii

Nouns
Entertainmentand Sports

* ;t\'fr"

1? JA" <

:s

8*@!

movie

iit~

music

n~

L
::z.~--y
"'J

magazine
sports

-r- r

date (romantic, not calendar)

-=;-.:::...::z.
7 t- t:'

tennis

TV

Foods and Drinks


1)-f-,.

71::Z.7

<h :s : : ' ( i ,{.,


1? :s t+
1? t; 'I"
~-t* ( ;f ,{., ::::' ( i ,{.,
/\//\'-ff-

~=--~
1?5@
1?~

ice cream
breakfast
sake; alcohol
green tea
coffee

aJE::::-1R

dinner
hamburger

o 7;., = (i ,{.,

~=--~

h-f

1.J(.

water

home; house

~t:X

school

~
B}iB

morning

lunch

Places
\

;{

* 7 t;
fJ" "'J

.;

home; house; my place

Time

<h :s
<h L t:
\ \-:>

* ~ J: 7

".J

when
~8

=-.;

:::: ,{., ( ;f ,{.,

* L1117i-=>
* ~'J: 7 (./

* Words that appear in the dialogue

tomorrow
today
at about ...

~Bjt

~*
BIB

tonight
weekend
Saturday

* 1:t;J: 7 rl
i\'l:i;

Sunday
every day

i \'IL{,

every night

U-verbs

* \\<

to go (destination 1:1~)

* -Ir;:{. 6

to go back; to return
(destination I: I~)
to listen; to hear ("' f)
to drink ("'

f )

to speak; to talk (language

f I

-n

to read ("' f)
Ru-verbs

}; ~ 6
* f::.""' 6

to get up

t.16
* h.6

to sleep; to go to sleep

to eat ("'

f )

to see; to look at; to watch ("' f)

Irregular

Verbs

<6

*6

* -9 6
* <A: ~ J: 7 -9 6

to come (destination I:/"""-)


to do ("' f)

~~-9 6

to study ("'

f )

Adjectives

* \ \\ \

good

* Ii~\'

early

Adverbs

<h i

I)

negative

-\:f A.,-t:f ,{, + negative

not much
~

?'&

not at all

* t: \ \ l \ \

usually

* i;J:-,t::
* t:: ~ t::''~

a little

J: <

sometimes
often; much

Expressions

* -Z: 7 T-9 t.l


* Tt
* t:: 7 T-9-IJ'

That's right; Let me see.


but
How about . .

?; How is ... ?

Verb Conjugation

Verbs in Japanese conjugate, or take various shapes. In this lesson, we learn three forms: (1)
the "dictionary forms;' (2) the present tense affirmative forms, and (3) the present tense negative forms. 1 There are two kinds of verbs that follow regular conjugation patterns, and an
example of each is below.

ru-verb

u-verb

verb bases
dictionary forms
present, affirmative
present, negative

tabe
:$:~.Q

ik

stems

:$:~

(to eat)
:E!~*9
to
:E!~*ifu
to
to

to

fi<
,, (to go)
fiE*9
,,
2
fiE*ifu
,,
fiE
,,

~.......:: ~ belongs to the group of verbs called the "riz-verbs," Ru-verbs are so called, because
r:
you add the suffix ru to the verb base (tabe, in the above example) to form the dictionary
form. For the two long forms we learn in this lesson, you simply add the suffixes masu and
masen, instead of ru, to the bases. We learn four ru-verbs in this lesson:

Another major group of verbs is called the "rz-verbs," The dictionary form of an u-verb like
ff<
,, can be broken down into the base (ik in the above example) and the suffix u. The long
forms like ff~ i -t and ff~ i -1 ,then, are formed with the base plus suffixes imasu and
imasen. In u-verb conjugations you find letters shifting in the same row of the hiragana
chart (see inside front cover). In ff< , for example, you see < and ~,both in the iJ' row of
vthe hiragana chart, !kt; has t; and h., both in the ;t row, and so forth. We learn six u-verbs
in this lesson:
\,'

\,\

0)

The use of the term "dictionary form" is by no means restricted to listings in a dictionary. They also appear in
various constructions in actual sentences. We will learn their uses in later chapters. Don't be misled by the names
given to the long forms too; the "present tense" in Japanese can indicate both the "present" and the "future:' We
will return to this issue in Section 2 below. For the moment, we will concentrate on the forms, not the meaning
of these verbs.
2
In addition to the standard negative forms like it-" i -1 )._, and ff~ i -1 J..,, you may also hear the much more
colloquial sub-standard negative forms like it-Z-r,f \ '-c-r and
-f.;. \ '-c-t used by Japanese speakers. We
will briefly come back to these increasingly popular new negative f~rms in Lesson 8.

h-1;'

~3~H89

jkt;

~?tt;
J:

(!)

jkh. i
(!)

-t

~fi:;,..
i -t
J:

Mi-t
(j:i'j:

~<
!';

~tLi-t

~~i-t

ff<

"
ff~
,,

!';

(j:i'j:

i)W6
1!'7..

i-t

1JW ')

n';;_

i -t

In later lessons, we will have many opportunities to refer to the parts like 1-" and iT ~ ,
to
''
which come before i -t and i -1 A., in the long forms. For the sake of ease of reference, we
will call these parts (same as bases with ru-verbs, and bases plus i with u-verbs) "stems:'
In addition to ru-verbs and u-verbs, there are two "irregular verbs:' Note that the vowels in
their bases are different in the short (dictionary) forms and the long forms.
irregular verbs
dictionary forms
present, affirmative
present, negative

9 0 (to do)

<0

G3::9
GZl::ttfv

E3::9
EZl::ttfv

stems

(to come)

These two verbs are also used to form compound verbs. In this lesson, we learn the verb ~
X-/.,
1~ -t 6, which conjugates just like verb -t 6.
5 J: 1

It is important to remember which verb belongs to which conjugation class. It is a good idea,
therefore, to memorize each verb as a set: instead of memorizing just the dictionary form,
try to memorize the dictionary form and the present tense affirmative, like ~T < -fr ~ i -r.
~
~'
This is especially important with verbs that end with the hiragana 6, because they may be
irregular verbs like -t 6 and x 6, or ru-verbs, or u-verbs whose bases just happen to end
with the consonant r. If you know the verb classes and the rules that apply to them, you
know why it is wrong to say X Jt 1) i -t and X ~ i -r.
\

h.

/Ji:z.

5%0 (= a ru-verb)

~m-@

verb bases

mi

kaer

long forms
stems

J%3:;g/J%3::ttfv
5%

l;

l;

l;

l;

tii.

(=an u-verb that ends with~)

~;oa::gtP5t

/~moa::tt1v
tJ'5t

~mo
"/JX

Look at the second from the last syllable in the dictionary form; .J.;. and ;t in Jt 6 and 9W 6,
;;
n';;_
for example. The irregular verbs set aside, if you see the vowels a, u, or o right before the
final 6, you can be absolutely sure that they are u-verbs. (We have not learned any such verbs
yet.) If you see the vowels i and e before the final 6, in most cases, the verbs are ru-verbs.
~ 6 is such a ru-verb. There are exceptions, however; there are also u-verbs that have the
jJ
vowels i and e before the final 6. ~.fl} 6 is such an exceptional u-verb.
n';;_

Verb Types and the "Present Tense"

In this lesson we learn about a dozen verbs that describe basic human actions. These are
often called "action verbs;' and the "present tense" of these verbs either means ( 1) that a
person habitually or regularly engages in these activities, or (2) that a person will, or is planning to, perform these activities in the future.
Habitual actions:
I often watch TV.
Mary sometimes doesn't eat breakfast.

Future actions:
I will go to Kyoto tomorrow.
Sue will not return home today.

Particles

Nouns used in sentences generally must be followed by particles, which indicate the relations that the nouns bear to the verbs. 3 In this lesson, we learn four particles: ~, T, I:, and
'""-

~ The particle ~ indicates "direct objects;' the kind of things that are directly involved in,
or affected by, the event. Note that this particle is pronounced "o"
I drink coffee.
I listen to music.
I watch TV.

The particle l'' indicates where the event described by the verb takes place.4
I will read books in the library.
I will watch TV at home.

3
4

In spoken language, particles are often "dropped:' We will learn more about such cases in Lesson 15.
In later lessons, we will be introduced to verbs that require particles other than -c to express location.

IL:

The particle 1: has many meanings, but here we will learn two: (1) the goal toward
which things move, and (2) the time at which an event takes place.
(1) goal of movement
I will not go to school today.
I will return home.
(2) time

I will go to Kyoto on Sunday.


I will go to bed at eleven.
(Some time words stand alone, without the particle I: tagging along, which will be discussed in Section 4 below.)
Approximate time references can be made by substituting :".; or :".; I: for I:. Thus,
I will go to bed at about eleven.

'"'- The particle "'-,too, indicates the goal of movement. The sentences in (1) above therefore can be rewritten using o- instead of 1:. Note that this particle is pronounced "e."
I will not go to school today.
I will return home.
Note hat >- may replace the particle 1: only in the goal-of-movement sense. The particle 1:
for ti e references and other uses, which we will learn about in later lessons, cannot be so
repla ed.

Time Reference
eed the particle 1: with (1) the days of the week like "on Sunday;' and (2) numerical
xpressions, like "at 10:45;' and "in September:'
I will go on Sunday.

,,
L'.)

*E:S-t li.71-1=~
L'. J:/vl'.~-j :_',;,A,

7GJi 1:9w1J i-to


<

s-

~,;_

~ i -t

I get up at 10:45.

};

I will go back in September.

You do not use the particle I: with ( 1) time expressions defined relative to the present mo-

ment, such as "today;' and "tomorrow;' (2) expressions describing regular intervals, such as
"every day;' and (3) the word for "when:'
I will come tomorrow.
I watch TV every evening.
When will you go?
You normally do not use I: with ( 1) the parts of a day, like "in the morning" and "at night;'
and (2) the word for "weekend:' Unlike words like ~ L t. and ~a_t above, however, these
i 'lfA,
words can be followed by I:, depending on styles, emphases, and personal preferences.
l

I read the newspaper in the morning.


What will you do on weekends?

You can use ;t -\:t lviJ' (=the present tense negative verb, plus the question particle) to extend an invitation. It should be noted that its affirmative counterpart, ;t -t iJ', cannot be so
used. Thus a sentence like ~ :~ ~ ~-"' ;t -t iJ' can only be construed as a question, not as
11''->
lilv
t:
an invitation.
What do you say to having lunch with me?
Sounds great.
Will you play tennis with me?
Um, it's slightly (inconvenientfor me at this moment).

Word Order ,

Japanese sentences are fairly flexible in the arrangement of elements that appear in them.
Generally, sentences are made up of several noun -particle sequences followed by a verb or
an adjective, which in turn is often followed by a sentence-final particle such as iJ', ti, or J:.
Among the noun-particle sequences, their relative orders are to a large extent free. A typical
sentence, therefore, looks like the following, but several other arrangements of noun -particle
sequences are also possible.

Ii

~8
!; ; ~

~~f;T
/: l; ~'/v

time

~1~ii Li-to

8/.f.?o~
I: li/v .:

place

X./v~

object

verb

I ill study Japanese in the library today.


( ;t
L

t pie

-l-* :;

J: <

t, t, L:

frequency

<<

time

9,

~'"-

goal

1)

-t

verb

I iften go back home at around seven.

Frequency Adverbs
You an add a frequency adverb such as 1iJ: 8 (everyday), .J: < (often), and C:: ~ c:: ~ (some*' 'I: t,
time ) to a sentence to describe how often you do something.
I sometimes go to a coffee shop.
In t is lesson, we also learn two adverbs which describe how infrequent an activity or an
even is; -\f',{,-\f',{, (never; not at all) and Si 1) (not often; not very much). These adverbs
anti ipate the negative at the end of the sentence. If you use -l:f -l:f ,{, or S i ') , in other
wor s, you need to conclude the sentence with i -tt .
I do not watch TV at all.

t+ L ~ ,{,(;!:

GF,

i IJ ~1~ Li

{t

/v

Takeshi does not study much.

--<.A,~ J.:-)

The Topic Particle let


As w saw in Lesson l , the particle (;!:presents the topic of one's utterance ("As for item X, it
is su h that .. :').It puts forward the item that you want to talk about and comment on. You
may ave noted that the topic phrases in sentences such as ,;( 7 1) - ~ ,{, (;;J:..=.~j:_ T-9
I: j;}A,-\tC'
(Mar is a sophomore), and 5ft-(7)~~(i 8 ::$.~-r--t (My major is the Japanese language),
bt;L
-1!-A-~?
1: liA- ~
are t e subjects of those sentences. A topic phrase, however, need not be the subject of a
sente ce. We see three sentences in the dialogue of this lesson where nonsubject phrases are
mad topics with the help of the particle ( i.

,;( T 1 J - ~ 1v, 11!

L~ i ;i'-::i

i ;1: t: \ , "C \ , M ~ L i
>;:1:

ry, what do you usually do on the weekend?


7

8 (;!:*~(:ff~ i-t

-3

~ .t: 1 C:

\,\

I' going to Kyoto today.

-t n,

In the above two examples,

(i promotes time expressions as the topic of each sentence. Its

effects can be paraphrased like these: "Let's talk about weekends; what do you do on weekends?" "Let me say what I will do today; I will go to Kyoto:'
~-=--~(i?
If

~""
i -tl" ,.{_,o
t:

Ii

How about dinner?

I will not eat.

In this example, (i is used in directing the listener's attention and thereby inviting a comment or completion of a sentence. You may also note that the broached topic, Bjt
does
ll'.I.
li/v
not stand in subject relation to the verb, but is rather its direct object.

=--~,

~I~/-~4
0-J:'S

Expression

Notes

11fv

fi( f*Q
~When you move to a place where the hearer is, you say 'Tm com<
ing." in English. However in the same situation, :fl, l::Hr ~ i T is used in [apatit.:L
''
nese. < .Q is a movement toward the place where the speaker is, while fr
< is a
,,
l,\

movement in a direction away from the speaker.

"5 ~ :>C ~-SJ: -::it literally means "a little," "a bit," "a small amount," as in -S J: -::i
t < t: ~ v' (Please give me a little) and -S J: -::i t f!i'; -o -C < t: ~ v' (Please wait
for a moment). It is commonly used for a polite refusal. In this case, it means "inconvenient," "impossible," and so on. Japanese people don't normally reject requests, suggestions, or invitations with v' v' X. (No), because it sounds too direct.

A : Rfirn 1:1l1JCIT!IT ~ Jl i-tl- lvil'o


B: l!iEI Ii, -SJ: -::i to
t' ~
t'~?U'

"-''"'

Will you see a movie on Saturday?

""

Saturday is not convenient.

-j U'

(lit., Saturday is a little bit.)

~3~95

A.

hange the following verbs into ~*9

--

f::.~6
f::.~6

B.

and ~*ttfu.

G!] K03-06/07

f::.~ i --t

t->: i 1 Iv

J: t;

O)t'

4.

--t6

7.

<

~ <

5.

Ii -r"- -t

8.

n'il 6

11. };~6

H.6

6. ~ \

<

9.

*16

12.

10.

~Iv~

J:

7 -t 6

ook at the pictures below and make sentences using the cues.
a) Add the appropriate verbs to the following direct objects.

G!] K03-os

(3)/\//\'-ff-

library/2:00

4) -::]-

t-

home/4:30

(5) .:;-

~z
ft
----

coffee shop/3:00

McDonald's/5:00

v t:'
\

,, I(\

school/Saturday

,;'I

[S::i cc

"']

home/tonight

college/ every day

(b) Add the place to the above sentences.


Example:

library

GD K03-09

--+

C. Look at the pictures below and make sentences using the cues.
Example:

go to the post office

--+

~1! Jtl;

I::: ff

.P~lflv'<i<

\'

Ex. go to the post office

( 1) go to the library

1:00

3:00

(3) come to the coffee shop

~ i -9 o
(2) come to school

8:30

( 4) return home

Sunday

GDKo3-10

(5) return to the U.S.

tomorrow

5:30

D. Pair Work-Make questions, using verbs we have learned in this lesson.


Example:

A : tm:ljogTttt.t
e: l.J:n'1v Cf,,
B:

;t;t,

1.,

f~rch. i -9 n'o
J:

~rch.i-90/\\\\;t,
J:

~rch.i-tt,.<.,o
J:

E.

Pair Work-Guessing

game

Ask questions and find out the items your partner has chosen.

1. Before you start, both of you will choose one item in each row of the table and
mark it.
2. In each row, using the verb and one of the four items, make a yes-or-noquestion sentence and find out which item your partner has chosen.
3. You can ask at most two questions with one verb. If you have guessed correctly
the item your partner has chosen, you score a point. Your partner will not give
away the right answer when you ask a wrong question.
4. When you have asked questions about all the verbs in the table, switch roles
with your partner and answer their questions.
5. Tabulate the score. You win the game if you have scored higher than your
partner.

Example:

i-t~'o

A : ~~!:::ff~
iJf-?.:-3

\..'

B: \'\';{,ff~

i-tt,.<..,o
\'

A: ~*;;51:::ff~
i-t~'o
~'?~"'CJv
\,\
B : I ;t \ ' , ff ~ i -t o (A guessed what B marked, therefore A won.)
\'

~1:::1t~
,, i-t
~fJli-t

post office

school

coffee shop

sports

movie

news

cartoon

(.::.:i-::<)

(;L{.,n{)

sake

green tea

water

coffee

book

newspaper

magazine

Japanese book

date

study

telephone

tennis

"'

~ fj):h. i-t

library

(/)

~ f ~rch. 1 -t
J:.

~fLi-t

A.

Look at Mary's schedule and answer the following questions.


7:30

A.M.

get up

8:00

eat breakfast

8:30

go to school

+ e-,

7 iJ - ~ ,.(,(;ifPJ*I:::~ ~ i
t:I:!v t

2. ~ J

1) -

})

,.(,(;ifPJ*(:::~;fX(:::;f'f ~ i-tlJ'o

l:

-/;i/v

-/JL-:J..:-)

\,.)

eat lunch

12:00
3:00

1. ~

EI] K03-11

P.M.

drink coffee

4. ~

4:00

play tennis

5:00

go home

6:30

eat dinner

6.

7:00

watch TV

7. ~

8:00

study

1) -

,.(,(;ifPI*I:::

~/.., t::

~71J-~,.C!;i1PJ*l:::~1~
'/j:/-u

1) -

~jkh. i-tlJ'o
(})

Li-tlJ'o

X:./v~J:~

,.(,(;ifPJ*I:::~ i-tlJ'o

l;t/,.J

11 :30

t-

:J-

*J.

go to bed

B. Pair Work-Ask your partner what time they do the following things.
Example:

Your partner's schedule


time
get up
eat breakfast
go to school
eat lunch
go home
go to bed

C. Look at the pictures in I-B (p. 95) and I-C (p. 96), and add the time expressions
to the sentences.
Example:

EI] K03-12;13

(I-B) 2:00

- =-* 1::: ~~ig-ctt~ ~~ft:h- i -t

(I-C) 1:00

1:

I:: L J: iJ' Iv

'5' -o L

J:

-*1=~1~!.V
(:::it~
i-t
,,t, L
vP ~ 1ffv~ <
,,
1

A.

Make suggestions using the cues below.

Example:

drink coffee

8] K03-l

--+
(J)

B.

1. see a movie

4. eat dinner

7. drink tea at home

2. come to my house

5. study in the library

8. listen to the music

3. play tennis

6. talk at a coffee shop

Pair Work-Ask your friend out for the activities in the pictures.

A : 8 Bi 8 1:: ~~ig-c~ 7~ Li -tt ,.(,fJ'o


i:Jc,J:-j 1f

I: ld'lv

"'-lv~d

B : \ \\ \ T-ttJ.o/-t h. l

{t ,.{_,!;\

i; J: ~ t o
(3)

(1)

(6)

(5)

Ho

often do you do the following activities? Answer the questions using the

Q :

*
lilv

~M'th.
J:

A : ;t ;t, l

l -tfJ'o

< Mth.
J:

i-t o/\ '\ ';t,

1-> i 1H?th. i-tt A.,o


J:

J: <
t ~ t''~

Si
5. :J -

t - f jjzl,. i -t' o>;

-lf !v-tf'lv

0)

6.

1)

8;$.(1).:g=-~flif]~i-th'o
<

I: ll/v

7. ~
;Ji,:<

l?/vn<

!'<

=~ f ~"" i -th'
tc

li/v

*c~O)**~

flfu Lij>5

(Review Exercises)

A. Answer the following questions.


t''::::

5. ~*(j:
LtP-J -:::>

2.

r: : T~ 7~ L i -t h'o

3.

~\-Jj-

;Ji,:<

vt'fJli-th'o

7.

J,.

4. :A if-'/

t.'

M f~""
i-th'o
t:
~B>t, M f L i -th'

6. ~,

"-lvo;?

{:ff~ i -9 h'o

>d:I:

~ lvli/v

>d:I:

s. ~B>t, M&f ::::..; ~ i -t h'o

f L i-th'o

;!'Hilv

>d:!v [;

io

B. Tell your classmates what your plans are today/tomorrow/on the weekend.
Example:

~!'< ~ 8-J !i-%'


::::..;~::::
~1;1:1v f
,,t i.::
1fl.>

zr,

~'" i -to
t:

.=_&f
1: ~t:i'BT
81: ;$.?of~
7~ L
:<Iv L
i:: L~n!v
li!v .:
"-lv!<d

7'%'::::..;*{:~IJ i-t"o
;, <

t;

""-

n;t

C. Class Activity-Find someone who ...


name
1. gets up at 7 o'clock.
2. eats breakfast every day.
3. speaks French.
4. watches TV at home.
5. listens to Japanese music.
6. plays tennis.

D.

Suggest to a classmate that you do something together

over the weekend.

Use Dialogue I as a model.

Example:

B
A

B
A

r ~<t,

BBIB l:>r..::.A. ~ L i-lA,-h'o


1:

s J: ~

BBIB!ii;.t-")

1:s J: ~ 11

f--)

1f

t: .. o

T-t -h'o t ~ <t' Bi 8 Ii r:-) T-t -h'o


I:' J: ~ 1f

8
t;

*O)*
ll A.

.<_

Japanese Houses

Traditionally, Japanese buildings were made of wood.


Rooms were floored with tatami (rice-straw mats) and
divided by fusuma or shooji (two types of sliding doors).
Modern Japanese houses have mainly Western-style
rooms, and are equipped with Western-style toilets.
However, most bathrooms retain traditional characteristics-they are separated from toilets and sinks, and

Fusuma

Tatami

have some space for washing one's body outside the


bathtub. Usually, all family members share the same bathtub water, so it is necessary to clean
one's body before getting into the bathtub.
Another traditional feature of Japanese homes is the genkan, a space inside the entrance
where people remove their shoes.

Japanese-style toilet

Bathroom

Genkan

( m4~ /

{JJ6i)LO)T'-~ The

41

First Date

Id: lJ

0
1
2

Bl] K04-01;02

Mary goes downtown.

-t J,,. i -tt ,.(, 7 7 F + } t- F ( j: t:'' : T-t f.J'


<h-t: 1:::-r/{'- rf.J{<h ') i-ttl.a

7 I) - :
~oG-tJ.\'A:
~

U-1:

<7

F-t-;t,, F(i<hO)-T'/{'- rO)iJT-t.l:a

"-'-

@ In the evening, at Mary's host family's house.

Bl] K04-03/04

~71)-:

f: t:'\ \ i

j:) )( ~ ,.(, :

-h f.J' ;t ') 1-J. ~ \ ' a 8*


i ( i t: 7 T L f: f.J' a
;;{_\,' if

i:?
3 ~
4

1) -

j:) )( ~ ,.(, :

Jt i -tt ,.(,TL f: a f: It L ~ ,.(, (l* i -tt ,.(, -r L t: a


;;,.
"'
;t

-o ,

i:?
5 ~
6

1) -

L -Z -r-t il' a

t: 7

hil' ') i -tt ,{,a

t:n, G, -A. T*&


1J'/:IJ

11/v.>(,

t: -h~ t:::fi' ~ i L

i:?

A.f.J{f:
< ~A.,\' i L f:il'a
U-i:

7 1) - :

( i \ ' a -h ~ T ~ ~ ~ t: < ~ ,.(, 11 ') i L

j:) )( ~ ,.(, :

7 ~

-CG

-r / {' -

l- I::: t fi',, ~ i L

(l\

-hh.~lt'T-t a

-.

<h ') f.J{ t: 7

i:

l'<'llv

t:

-CG

t:

t: a

Next day at school.

(!] K04-05/06

~7')2

t: lt

3 ~
4

t: lt

L :

;ft ~ i L t. J:

1) -

:t- :A/ -:;-tf-

L :

< 7 F -T JI,;

,,

:t- :A / < - fl-

L:: ~

-tJ. \

'T-t J:

~- -- -- -- :<I)

0)
o

M 1~ -t; i L t: o
< 7 F -T JI,; F T-t J: o

WT
T-*
Lz
''-!?

C -/J'k 1

A.JJ. ~ \ ' !

Mary: Excuse me. Where is McDonald's?


Stranger: There is a department

store over there. McDonald's is in front of the department

Mary: Thank you.

Mary: I'm home.


Host father: Welcome home. How was the movie?
Mary: I didn't see it. Takeshi didn't come.
Father: Oh, why?
Mary: I don't know. So, I went to a bookstore and a temple alone.
Host father: Were there a lot of people?
Mary: Yes. I took many pictures at the temple. I also went to a department store.
Here's a souvenir for you.
Host father: Thank you.

Mary: Oh, Takeshi. You didn't come yesterday, did you?


Takeshi: I went there. I waited for one hour in front of the Mos Burger place.
Mary: Not Mos Burger. McDonald's!
Takeshi: McDonald's ...

I'm sorry!

store.

104 ~~ .

3ti*~

~E

1:n::::i

Tcfu

@!]

Nouns
Activities

11i.,/<1 l-

part-time job
]{ \ \~b,;

-/;'\\tO)

7 7 A.

shopping
class

People and Things

t.

<f> -t,,:

you

\ \-t

chair

\ \ cV;;i

*-

dog

t?Jt:

souvenir

-T-1~
:~

child

: 11 ,.{,
* L '<' L ,.{,

~~

picture; photograph

-") < ;{_

~JL

desk

-c i){;,..

+~~

letter

* }) ;,.. -\" ! f

.; -r t

~m

*1:
/

\/

rice; meal

cat
bread

A.

* U: t
_;( -

person
e-mail

J(.;

Places

*t?-CG

: 7 ;{_ ,{,

})~

temple

~~

park

A.-/\-

* r/\-

supermarket

department store

/\'A.-C\\

/{A.ff

bus stop

r./JJ\\A,

m~

hospital

;t-T

* 1 l -\"

it
vA.

* Words

hotel

J(.;

r7/

that appear in the dialogue

/.f.&

bookstore

my

town; city
restaurant

K04-07

Time

*~0)-)

e'fB

yesterday

* ""'t.::n'
cf. \ , t; t.:: n'
-\T ,<_, L r)J -J

""''*M

...

-*M
:71tll!

t~
I f -::> J: -) (/

n' J: -J u:
-t\\J:-J(/
t<J:7U.
~ J: -J u

hours

one hour
last week

when ... ; at the time of . . . ( ""'0))

YJ Bl B

Monday

kBIB
7.J<.BI B
*BIB
~BIB

Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday

to meet; to see (a person)

(person I:)
there is . . . (place I: thing

* th 6

n' -J
n'<

n {)

to buy (""' f)
to write (person I: thing f)
to take (a picture) (""' f)

* t 6
* i -::>
* :hn' 6

to wait (""' f)
to understand

( "-' n{)

(a person) is in ... ; stays at ...

(place I: person
Adverbs

and

""'(.G\'

* : 61) ,{, t: ~
* t:n, G
* t: < ~ ,{,
"-'
t
*t

-JL-r

* U t 1) -r

Other

n {)

Expressions
about (approximate measurement)

\\

I'm sorry.
so; therefore
many; a lot
together with (a person)
why
alone

Location

Words

h. !5''

:fi

right ('"'"' (7))

Uf:_' I)

'ii_

left ('"'"' (7))

fir

front ('"'"' (7))

* i ;;{_

7 L.;

1~A

back ('"'"' (7))

-f,)_' i;'

if'

inside ('"'"' (7))

7 ;;{_
L t:
t; iJ' <

.L
T

on ('"'"' (7))

t'.

:{ft

under ('"'"' (7))

<

near; nearby ('"'"' (7))

I)

next ('"'"' (7))

;h \ \ t:'

between (A t: B (7))

-f.J.'

=:J
.J:::lii

~
t:75J:7

-\" i t:' ~ ,.{_, t:


~ t:

7 ~ (7) M
;,c,tc

X fJ<'if> 1) i -t means "there is/are X (nonliving thing):' The particle f.i<' introduces, or presents, the item X. You can use if> 1) i -t when you want to say that there is something at a
certain location.
There's a McDonald's over there.
Note that if> 1) i -t is different from other verbs we have seen so far on the following three
counts. One, it calls for the particle I:, rather than T, for the place description. Two, the
place description usually comes at the beginning of the sentence. Three, the thing description is usually followed by the particle -IJ', rather than li.1
You can also use if> 1) i -t to say that you have or own something.2
I don't have a TV.
Do you have time?
We also use if>

kBi 8 1:

j-

1)

i -t when we want to say that an event will take place.3

:Z. ~-I)<'

iJ' J: ~ 1f

cf:>

<:>

1) i -9 o

L f:: (i 8 '-F?o(7) 7 7 :Z. -IJ<'if:> ') i


I: li/v .:

There will be an exam on Tuesday.

-tt lvo

There will be no Japanese class tomorrow.

Another count on which Ji) ~ differs from other verbs is its colloquial substandard negative form. We have -f,f
instead of the expected regular formation Ji) ~ -tJ: \
which is ungrammatical.
2
Note the difference between:
T I> t:' -!}<'Ji) 1) i 1::t A, (I don't have a TV), the negative version of T v t:. -!}<'Ji) 1) i -t, and
T l> t:. L <:' Ji) 1) i 1::t A, (It isn't a TV), the more conservative negative version of 7 l> t:.
3
When Ji) 1) i -t is used in the sense of an event taking place, the place description is followed by the particle T,
like normal verbs and unlike the other uses of Ji) 1) i -r.
Ji) L f:: ff;:$ T ;J:.J ff; I) -IJ <'Ji) I) i -r ,
There will be a festival in Kyoto tomorrow.
1 c
Note also that some time expressions (such as 8 ~ 8 I:) come with the particle I:, and some others (such as Ji)
1:-t;,J:-j
o
L f::) do not (see Lesson 3). The rule applies to the Ji) 1) i -t sentences as well.

\ -rr.

'--c-r,

-c-r.

~!

j:-:>

When you want to present a person or some other sentient being, rather than a thing, you

need to use the verb \ ' i -9. 4 Thus,


(t.Z:

I: Wf *~h{\ \ i
l) P

-j )I< ( -ltC'

"to

There's an international student over there.

You can also use \ ' i -t to say that you have friends, siblings, and so forth.
I have a Japanese friend.

(place IL:)

thing tJ'
person tJ'

There isl are ...

DescribingWhere Things Are

We learned in Lesson 2 that to ask for the location of item X, you can use the word
(where) and sayX (i z; -r-g--1;'.

r:

Where's McDonald's?

In response, one can, of course, point and say:


over there.

<7F-t-11'F!i

T-t o

McDonald's is

right there near you.


right here.

In this lesson, we will learn to describe locations in more detail. More specifically, we learn
to describe the location of an item relative to another item, as in "X is in front of Y:' The
Japanese version looks like X (i Y O)Wf -r-t.
Li.

(<7

F-t-11' F!i) (t~-r/{-

~~WiT-to
~;{_

It's in front of that department store.

Note that the same verb "is" in English comes out differently in Japanese:
if:, -'E- : 1: ~:i.1.I<'\ \ i -t
There is an international student over there.
Jj,,-j1)1(--\tl
.J 11) - ~Iv Ii ~:i. T-t o Mary is an international student.
1) ~?
< .1.f \'
\ ' i -t and if:, 1) i -t are strictly for descriptions of existence and location, while
attribute of a person or a thing.

1)<

-c-r

is for description of an

~4~

109

Other useful words describing locations are as follows:

location words

J.i.E'

OtC. f'J

*~

X Id: Y

0)

5Lo
1d:.1J'
5~
Lt.:
!51J'<

(: 16. f'J

Xis

c9o

x Id: Y e: z O)l, 'tcc9 o


j~Jf l;:t ~:f~'BO) t
c,1v::.~

(:

-tJ. 1)

to the right of
to the left of
in front of
behind
inside
on/above
under/beneath
near
next to

Y.

X is between Y and Z.

T-t o

1.-dlv

The bank is next to the library.

fJ'~ 1;:1:7-7/L.,O)rT-t

1.-tc

The umbrella is under the table.

v::Z.

r tmBtO)MT-to

r7/l;:tf/~-

rf;?c'lv

~c,t:.

The restaurant is between the department store and the hospital.


One can use any of the above location words together with a verb to describe an event that
occur in the place. To use these phrases with verbs such as -it"'~ and #-:J, one will need
t:
'l'
the particle -c.

*A I ;:t {:- A / '\' -

NcL

ii-

0)

ir
T ;<' 7
'J';{.-

I) - ~ ~

"f: ~ t; i L t.

'l'

I waited for Mary in front of the Mos Burger place.

5
6

Another word for "near" that is also commonly used is -t If.


Both X Ii Y (!) t: -tJ. 1) -c-t and X Ii Y (!) J: :: -r--t describe situations where two items (X and Y) are found side
by side. For a t: -tJ. 1) sentence to be considered appropriate, items X and Y need to belong to the same category;
two people, two buildings, and so forth. In contrast, an item can be J: :: in relation to another item even if they
are quite distinct.
0 n'lf1i--:i < ;;(.(!)J: : :_ -r-t
The bag is by the desk.
x -'7'1f1i--:i < o: t: 1"J. I) T-t
(odd)
0

Past Tense of ~g-

The past tense versions of "X

(;t

Y -c-t" sentences look like the following.


affirmative

negative

present tense

~c9

~l.)-f->1J:l,)C'g

past tense

~cLte

~ l..) "f-'1J:1J'-:Jtec97

J.ir:1t5.!i ~ < G*-*<7)*5.-r


tcc'n'<
n'<-itc'

Vi i.Jc1t/v1tC'

f:o

Mr. Yamashita was a student at Sakura University.

;t ;ft ( ;t 8

1: 111v

<7)

8*@1 L: '(' -fJ. fJ'

'-" n'

->

f: -r -t

That was not a Japanese movie.

Past Tense of Verbs

The past tense forms of verbs look like the following, where ,....., stands for the stem of a verb.
affirmative
present tense

~*9

past tense

~*Lite

negative

~*ttfv
~*ttfv C' Lte8
Mary returned home at about nine.

*h ( ;t ~

btcL

<7)

7 8
7.j>:.~ ~ ~ 1~ L i 1 ,.<., T L t: o
1: li!v .:
.-z1vo,; 'i

I did not study Japanese yesterday.

The various details of formation of the long forms that we learned in Lesson 3, like the ruverb/u-verb/irregular verb distinctions, all apply to the past tense forms as well.

As was the case with the present tense L <:' tJ. \ '-c-t, you also find a more conservative variant L <:' ~ 1) i 1
/.., T L f:: along with L <:' tJ. fJ'-, t: T-t. Written language would more likely have r-- Ii~ IJ i 1 Iv T L f::,
with the uncontracted form T" Ii.
8
The colloquial substandard form of the past tense negative verbs are tJ.n'-, t: T-t, as in ~ G tJ. n'-, t: T-t.
We will learn how to change verbs into these forms in Lesson 8.

tJ

We learned in Lesson 2 that we use the particle t in reference to the second item which
shares a common attribute with the first. You can also use t when two or more people perform the same activity.
:;fJ.- Ii ~
btcl

0)

* $ I:: ff ~ i

5d

I:

"

t:

I went to Kyoto yesterday.

Professor Yamashita went to Kyoto


yesterday, too.

Or when someone buys, sees, or eats two or more things.

;;( 7 IJ - -:: ,.{_, ( i

<

-:> ~ ~ \ \

i L f:

Mary bought shoes.

ii'

Mary bought a bag, too.

In both cases, t directly marks an item on the list of things or people that have something
in common. Observe that t replaces the particles Ii, fJ\ or f in these sentences.
You can also use t when you go to two places, do something on two different occasions,
and so forth.
I went to Kyoto last week.
I went to Osaka, too.

Robert went to a party on Saturday.

He went to a party on Sunday, too.

We put t after the particle 1: in these sentences. More generally, particles other than Ii, fJ\
and f are used together with t , rather than being replaced by it.

The duration of an activity is expressed with a bare noun, like

-* M.
''S

alone (that is, not followed by any particle).


~ 7 I) - :: ,.(_,Ii -t : Tl: l t L :: ,.(_, ~ -*
''S

M 1~ -t; i

t:

L ii'lv

Such a noun stands

l: ii'lv 1

Mary waited for Takeshi there for an hour.

For an approximate measurement, you can add (. G \ '9 after

7 B1: *~~.=:.*M
lilv:::
"Iv [; iJ'lv

;ft. Ii~~

btcL

<" i'.:i \ '~7ii Li

""'* M.
[; ii'lv

L f::.o

-"'-lv~d

I studied Japanese for about three hours yesterday.

To say one hour and a half, you can add -=- immediately after
li/v

~~7-i-:*M-=F-~i
Jo l:
tJ
L

Lf::.o

>'.J'lvlilv

(I) slept for seven and a half hours last night.

""'* M.
[; iJ'/v

-.: _ ' l'i;' (l(

'

tc.(.(!fu

Expressions of quantity in Japanese are rather different from those in English. In Japanese,
if you want to add a quantity word like t. < ~ Iv to the direct object of a sentence, you can
either place it before the noun, or after the particle f.

I took many pictures in Kyoto.

I ate a lot of vegetables.

As we learned in Lesson 3, for "at about a certain time" we have another word :.;.
You can use t: to connect nouns only. We will learn about connecting verbs and sentences in Lesson 6.
11
"With" as in "with chopsticks" requires another particle. See Lesson 10.
10

Be
The particle t has two functions. One is to connect two nouns A and B.10
I speak Japanese and English.
I went to Kyoto and Osaka.
The other meaning of t is "together with", it describes with whom you do something.11
,;< 7

1) -

~,(,Ii :A - ~ ,(, -i),A,:::_(


t ~00 l:ff,, ~ i

-to

Mary will go to Korea with Sue.

~I~/0~5

11~

Expression

Notes

\..,._~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

X OJirti.,X O)JW is often used in the sense of "across (the street) from X" or "op-

*"ioi.
posite X." You may also hear another word that is used in the sense of across,
namely, X O)uiJ'v'.
If something is behind X, or farther away from a street and cannot be directly
seen because of the intervening X, in addition to calling it X 0) :{ft 0, you can also
'l L
describe it as being X 0) -) G.

~ :J /:J., In the dialogues, we observe Mary's host father saying X. 0, and Mary
saying cb 0. X. 0 is like the incredulous "what?" that you use when you have
heard something that is hard to believe. cb 0 is used when you have suddenly
noticed or remembered something. The small 0 at the end of these little words
indicates that these words, when pronounced, are very short.

~ ~b

B*0)1Jl8

Japanese National Holidays


New Year's Day
Coming-of-Age Day
(Celebrates people who turn 20 years old in that year)

2Fl11E3
t/i'?

(:'5

National Foundation Day


Vernal Equinox Day
Showa Day
(Birthday of Emperor Showa [1901-1989])

Constitution Day
5Fl4E3

Greenery Day

5Fl5E3
t/"J~\-")f;>

Children's Day

ii?J:-:ifJ'

Marine Day
Respect-for-the-Aged Day
Autumnal Equinox Day
Health and Sports Day
Culture Day
11 Fl 23 E3
tf-"J

1:'5

12Fl 23 E3
i)I"-;;

1:5

Labor Thanksgiving Day


Emperor's Birthday
1: The second Monday

2: The day varies year to year

3: The third Monday

The period around April 29 to May 5 encompasses several holidays and is called :::i'-Jl--7' /

rJ 1- 7 (GoldenWeek). Some businesses close for a whole week or more during that period.
(For the names of months and days, seep. 127.)

*l ~ P
tllv

L~3

A. Look at the picture and tell what you see, using !J a:;-g or l,'*9.

B. Answer the following questions.


1. ~f.,1.f::O)IBTI: 8*0)
I: li/v

;J't,

vA. ~

7 /IJ{~

1)

i-tlJ'o

2. ~f.,1.f::O)~j:~ifjf}{\\;i-tlJ'o
~J..:.

I.';{_

1) i iIJ'o

3. ~f.,1.f::O)~tJ(l:fPJIJ{~
Id.(:

-/)"(":).:-?

4. ~

f.,1. f::O)~tJ(I:

8 *A.O)~:i.lJ{\
1: li/vl.'.A.,

il-o:::.-?

5. 7'/{-

'i -th'o

il(it\'

~ l:fPJIJ{~ I) ii"IJ'o
i'd:l:

7.

tb~~IJ

(zoo) 1:-fPJf;{\

C:'-J,)~--:);{_/.,

8. ~
9. ~

f.,1.
f.,1.

f:: 0)

~(:

'i i"IJ'o

00 (country) I: M fJ{ ~ ') i -t IJ'


< 1:

t: 0) *- I: M fJ { ~
pi_

~(:

>1:1:

I)

i -t fJ'

C.

Look at Takeshi's schedule for the week and answer the following questions.
~K04-08

After School

School
Monday

French

English

Computer

History

Tuesday
Wednesday

French

English

Club activity
Computer

Thursday

History

Club activity

Friday

English (TEST)

Party

Saturday

NO SCHOOL

Date

Sunday

NO SCHOOL

Part-time job
club activity
/{-f-1-

party
test

Example:

Bi 8

fj

I:: 7 7 /A ?o-(7) 7 7 A n{.:V)

lf-::>J:-? 1f

Bi 8 l::~?o-(7)

1f-::iJ:-J rJ

"-":::

2. klli 81::

'::I/

-/] J: -j 1f

7 7 A n{.:V)

1)

i-tn'o

'J-(7) 7 7 A n{.:V)

zi: -

3. *Bi 8 1:: 7 7 /A ?o-(7) 7 7 A n{.:V) 1) i


t

< J: -j

i-tn'o

.:V)IJi""to

A:lj:\\,
1. fj

1)

.:

1f

.:

4. Bi 8 I:: 7 7 A n{.:V) 1) i
1: J: -j 1f

1)

i-tn'o

-tn'o

-tn'o

s. 1J(EJi B 1::Mn{1:i IJ i-tn'o


-t1J: ') 1f

;'J:i:

6. ~Bi B 1::Mn{1:i
""'J: -j 1f

D.

1)

i-tn'o

;'J:i:

Pair Work-Write down your next week's schedule and ask each other what
plans you have on each day of the week.
Example:

B : 8 7.j;;.?o-(7) 7 7 An{
1: ii,<, .:

.1) 1)

i -to

Youre Schedule

Your Partner's Schedule

fl Bl B

lf-::>J:? 1f

kBIB
n' n 1f
7}(61

.,,,J:?

B1f

*BIB
t<J:? 1f
~BIB
~ A,J:? 1f
BIB
1: J:? 1f
BBIB

1:-!; J: ? 1f

A. Look at the picture and tell where the following things are. @!] K04-09
Example:
-+

~~'f;ti:k~(7)q~.; T-t o
I: L~-/J'"-

~t:nti
I: L~ -/J'"-

tcc'n'<

?L

A.-,.

t:

\'-(7)

-tJ.' 1)

T-t

3. ,1\'A_f.f
4.

~ml
:: ? ;i_A,

B. Look at the picture and tell where the following things are. @!] K04-10
Example:

''"'

*Ii

IVv

-J

<

;t

(7).L

1. ;{ /, {jo"'J

2.

7 7 :; ~

3.

wHt
I:

4.

'i:~

If 7 L

T-t

-,

77 "/ l(racket)

6.

x.

-,

ltc'

-r:"' :b
5. il'(;f/,

FT (door)
~

C.

Pair Work-Ask

and answer questions to find where the buildings are.

One student looks at map A. The other student

looks at map B (p. 126). Don't

look at the other's map.


Example:

A : ~IE (;;tr:::: Ti" iJ'o


.:. -) ;{.Iv

B : ~IE !Lt -T 11.tO) t:

-tJ. 1)

.:_-) X./v

-c-r

Map A

Ask where the following


places are.
1.

*~

'ii'<
2. / ,. :;z 1;f
t.'.c

-cc

4. :;f.Ji
Liiv -'('

5.

~1~ J5i
.P-?U'!v~J:(

~tld:tsltcuic
A. Look at the information about Professor Yamashita 25 years ago and answer
the questions. G!] K04-11
Twenty-five years ago, Prof. Yamashita was
twenty-two years old
senior at a college
good student
his major-Japanese history
Example:

0 : Jir7\:;~(;;t*~~ (college student) TL f::.IJ'o


t.'.c1J'<-ttc

'('1 Ltc-tt!v-ttc

A : I ;;t \ -. Ji "F 71:; ~I ;;t * ~ ~ T L


1'1 Ltc-lt/v-\tC

1.

Jir7\:;~1;;1:-J-f~T L f::.IJ'o
1'1 Ltc-\t/v-\tP

2.

cio,t.J.!v-<tc

Jir 71:;~ (;;!:\'\'~~TL


1'1 Ltc-tt /v-ttc'

t:

4.

1J'

< -ttc

t: iJ'o
t: iJ'o

Jil'7\:;~<7)~1){(;;t*?o-r

-'?'i Lf.:-l"/v-11.'

.: l:'t

Jir 71:;~ (;;!:-if~ TL

1'1 Ltc-lt!v-ttc

3.

t.'.c1J'<-ttc

5.

-tf/v.:. -J

;{_\.' .:

L f::.IJ'o

Jil' 71:;~ <7)~>){1;;1:~ TL f::. iJ'o


1'1 Ltc-lt/v-\tC

-\tlv.:-J

tL!; L

~4~ 119

B.

Pair Work-Guessing game


Ask questions and find out the prices your partner has chosen.
1. Before you start, both of you will choose one price in each row of the table and

mark it.
2. In each row, use the item and one of the four prices, make a yes-or-no-question
sentence and find out which price your partner has chosen.
3. You can ask at most two questions with one item. If you have guessed correctly

the price your partner has chosen, you score a point. Your partner will not give
away the right answer when you ask a wrong question.
4. When you have asked questions about all the items in the table, switch the roles
with your partner and answer their questions.
5. Tabulate the score. You win the game if you have scored higher than your partner .

Example:

.:.c 0)

n' I J ,.{_, Ii.::::. :Q


p:j T
1
IC

/v;{_/v

L t. n'

\ ' \ ' ;t , .::::. :Q Jil L '<' -r,;: n'


IC ilv;{_/v

~ t: T-9

A : -:Qli.:f-JIJ TL f::.n'o
cd0ilv

.: -\tlv;i.!o

n'IJA.,

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

n'~

600

1,000

1,300

2,000

If 7 L

1,600

2,000

2,400

3,000

T ~ + ''/

3,500

4,000

6,500

8,000

B~Ht
z

3,000

10,000

17,000

25,000

7-1-

(t\'

C.

Pair Work-Suppose you got one thing as a birthday present (':::tL.rtz':; t-) and
choose it from the items on the next page. Your partner guesses what you got.
Answer your partner's questions.
Example:

7 v-t'/

;t;t,

~ lin'IJ,{, TL f::.n'o

n'IJ,{,TLf::.o/\'\1;t,

n'IJ,{,L'<:'-r,;:n'~f::.Ti"o

Lie and ~*ttA.i c Lie.

A. Change the following verbs into~*


Example:

---

f:~6
f:~6

f:~ i L

8]Ko4-12;13

t:

t: ~ i -1 ,.<., T

L f:

1.

!:lJ,ct

4.

-IJ' <

7. };

2.

-IJ' 7

5.

<6

8.

3.

J: t;

6.

i-J

9.

-5 6

10.

t6

13.

-5 <

h-lJ'6

11.

s6

14.

-IJ'il6

-t6

12. ;tJ. 6

15.

0)

t;

B. The pictures below show what Mary did last week. Tell what she did. 8JKo4-l4
Example:

;) 7

1) -

~,.(,Ii J1Bi8
tf-:>J:~

Ex. Monday

in the library
(4) Friday

at her friend's house

tr

1:::

~:f!f;T~
/:

l..J:h'!v

(1) Tuesday

1~ L i L f: o

"'-!v'\H

(2) Wednesday

at a coffee shop

at school

at home
(5) Saturday

in Kyoto

(3) Thursday

(6) Sunday

at a department store

~4~--~

C.

Look at the pictures in Band answer the questions. G!] K04-15


Example:

o :

,;< 7 1J - -:: ,<., (;t fl Bi a 1:::


lf-::>J:?

tr

A : ( ;t \ -. ~
7$ L i L f: o
-"Ziv~ 1
Q : ,;( 7 1) - -:: ,{., ( ;t fj Bi 8

~~-g--c-~
7$
rZ!v~d
I: lJ:tl'lv

L i L t. -IJ'o

J:

I::: 8*@

lf-::>J:? 1f

A : \ ' \ ' ;;{_ , Jl i


;,,

L ,;(

1} -

-::

,{.,

2. ,;(

;b!viJ'<
-c

3 - ,;( 7 I) - -:: ,{., ( ;t *Bi 8 I::: 8


t < J:?

4_ ,J 7

,{,(;t~Bi

1) --::

81:::

iJ'

0) ~
tt

i:-

-CG

1f

iJ'

Li Lt:-IJ'o

{,O)

Look at the pictures in Band answer the questions.


Example:

Q : ,;(

7 I) - -:: ,{., ( ;t fj Bi 8 I:::


lf-::>J:? 1f

A : ~~'BT~7$
Li L
t t. n'lv
"Iv~ d
.1:

1.

2. ,J71J-::

,{,(;tkBIB

ii' J: -j 1f

3. ,;<

1) -

-::

4. ,;(

1} -

-::

5. ,;( 7

Lt:-IJ'o

>d:I:

l:::Mf Li L f:-IJ'o
>d: 1:

{,O)

,{,(;J:~Bi 81::: t'.'':

T~=--~

"!vJ:-j 1f

6. ,;(

i L f: -I;'

,<., (;t \ '-J8*@J f Jl i L t: -IJ'o


"-''ii'
;,,
,{., (;J: \ \--:) }!j'. \ \t~ f L j: L t: -IJ'o
ii'

1) --::

M
f L
>d:I:

G!] K04-l6

r.,

,J71J-::,<.,(;t7J(BiBl:::MfLi
TC'J:? 1f

''

nu

i:Jo,J:?

li!v

IJ:!v

flt"'
tc

7 I} - -:: ,{., (;J:*Bi 8 I::: t'.'':: T~f:' t; l:::i;-\ \


t<J:?rf

E.

t=- t; I::: i;-iii> \ \ i L f: -I;'

7 I) - -:: ,{., ( ;t Bi 8 I ::: T .::. A f L i L t. -I;'

6. ,;<71J-::,<.,(;tBBIBl:::J(\'t~f

D.

j:

t: -IJ'o
L t: -IJ'o

"h~l:::ff ~ i L f:-IJ'o

!'!vJ:? 1f

5. ,;(

*A

i)<Jj.

I: Ii/" L.!v

1f

j:

"

7 I} - -:: ,{., (;J:7J(Bi 8 (::: ;f-~if. f.


TC'J:? 1f

;,,

-tt ,<., T L t: o

(;J:j(Si 8 l:::- ff-~f J ~


iJ' J:? 1f

f Jl i L f: -IJ'

iJ'

"-''

tt

j:

L f:-IJ'o

j:

L f:-IJ'o

iii)

Pair Work-Ask what your partner did on Monday, Tuesday, etc.


Example:

B : 7 .z: A. f L i L f: o

121

A.

Compare sentences (a) and (b), and change the sentence (b) using ti.

Example:

"\'-fi-li..=. 8 Fl T-t a

(a)/\::.//

1: cl<' <:Uv

:::7-t-!i..=.sP=]T-ta

(b)

---+

I: lt'C(:Z/v

(b)
2. (a)

t: It

I: li/v .:

3. (a) f:lt

t: It

(b) ,;<' 7

.n

1f

1:-t, J;-) U'

1)--::

6. (a) J1c1)!,

i;TB*?of~Li-to
I: li/v .:
li>d:

,.{.,(i~*5(TB*?of~ii
Li-ta
iJ<_, :::_-)
1: li/v .:
li>d:
,;<' I

1) -

-::

,.{.,

Ii

t: ( + L -:: ,.{., ( ::: ~a;, \ ' i -t a

,;<' I I) - -:: ,.{., Ii A - -:: ,.{., (::: ~ \ \


a;,

7:/~- ~(:::;ff~

-ttA.,l..P-}

(!)

Li-ta

L -:: ,.{., Ii 8 Bi 8 I::: I I I,;/ \' 1 ~ f L i -t a

ct L f: ,
ct L t.'

(b) ~

"-Iv!' l J

L-:: ,.{.,(iBiB (:::7/1,;/\'1 ~ f Li-to

4. (a) ,;<'71J--::,.<.,ii7

(b)

"""'" d

1: li/v .:

5. (a)

t:

I: lt'C(:Z/v

CJ/{-~-::,.{.,(i8*?of~7~Li"to

(b) ,;<'71J--::,.<.,1iB*?of~7~

(b)

L -:: ,.{., I i 77' I ;f ,.{., f Ji \ ' i L


ii'

:::7-t-t..=.sP=]T-ta

i -t

i L t.,

I.'

7 , -r-/ ~ - ~ I::: ff,, ~ i L t: a


Ex. -\"' i t t t.: _ tcfJ'

B. Describe the pictures using ti.


Example:

Ji*::,.{., Ii~~

~;J'

ti:

iJ<(-\tC<

G!] K04-l 8

--r---t a

mit-:: ,.{., t ~~ T-t a


i: >d:iJ'

-iJ'(-\tc

student
(2)

:::7-tgo to a party

(4)

(3)

};i;-\"

G!] K04-l

~4~ 123

(6)

(5)

(7)

(8)

(9)

"/]' J: -) 7J t < J: -) 7J

t -) ~.J: -)

U-'SLi

A. Mary did a lot yesterday. Describe how many hours Mary did each activity.

GD
Example:

;.<I ') - ~ ,.{,, l;Jj'-.B='frJl ~ i L t. o


i;lt,

t il'lv

(1)

Ex.

(2)

8 hours
(3)

~11 ;;

jo

2 hours
(4)

~!.,A;

(5)
\

~-, , ' 1,;@:


"'

-,

1 and a half hours

3 hours

1 hour

~"
il

11('--

,_,

;;- '

/~cc-:]

2 and a half hours

K04-19

B. Pair Work-Ask your partner the following questions.


Example:

M*M~7~
Li L f::.h'o
1;,:1v c n'lv"'lvi!d
~ (!) 7, M*M~ i L f::. h'o
>J:!v t: n'lv to

I. ~ (!) 7,
2.
3.

'r>: L-

(game) ~

*c6b0)~*~
tlfv

A.

l_,tj>

L i -th'

t: \ '-r \ 'M* M <


l;,:!v

L nlv

G \ '7 - L- ~ L i -th'

(Review Exercises)

Pair Work-Using the expressions below, ask your partners how often they did
the following activities when they were a child or in high school.

A : -J-13=t<J)*/~:fX<J)*
l <*-~~ft:;,.. i L f::.h'o
.; l:'t
I:~
-=~-=~ 1:1!
li!v
J:
B : ( ;i \ ' , l < ~ft: h i L t: o /
J:
\ '\ ' ;;t, ii i 1Hft:;,.. i -tt ,<., T L t: o

Example:

J:

~-t 6
8*@
~ Jt6
;{_\,\ If
J.t~1111:11
<
X. !v
-t-~1*. ~. <
-c n'"
n
-'F- ~ ~-t6

2. A~-'/

l <

3.

t ~ t"~

4.

.;

5.
6.

iii

I,\

:::_i

8, M*I:~
~ i-th'o
t;,:!v L
H

'1H:lo,

2.

f::.\'1"\'-fPI*M<""G\'~i-th'a
1;,:1v t: n'1v
to

4.

.J: < f: *'1., t

5. l

< ~t:
t;
t

-lt!vL~~

i;l:!v

1: ;t-;i,

I:

6. 7!;1}!,

-t -IJ'o
~ L i-th'o
Li L f::.h'o

~ :~ ~~"' i
U'~

A~-'/~

')

-lf ,(, -lf ,(,

B. Answer the following questions.


1. ~

"'i L t:

t:

"' i -tt ,(, T L f::.

m4~
8.

=~ ~ ~"'""

7 ' t" -CB>f.Iv


i L t: IJ'
to
7!;1!!, ~Jt ~ t: < ~ ...<Al!l 1) i L f::.IJ'o
-t-lvlH
\.,'(>Liv
I:

7. ~

9. ~

(!)

(!)

If

12s

IVv

7 !iMBI
8 -r L t: IJ'o
to: lvJ: 1f
-j

C. Pair Work-A and B want to play badminton together. The following is A's
schedule for this week. (B's schedule is on p. 126.) Play the roles of A and B with
your partner. Ask each other what the other is doing and decide on what day
you will play badminton.
Example:

A's Schedule

A : / '\' F ~ / ~ / (badminton) ~
B : \ '\

,-r-tno

SUN

A: {j'-:>J:
J181B(;;tt
7-c-t-/J'o
1f
-j

B : J1Bi8(;;t121-:ttr;-Cjfg 1~ L i
!f-:JJ:.-) c..f

-*.Bi 8

(;;!:?

-/J' J: -j 1f

L.tt.Plv

....ZA.,~.t~

+,

MON

TUE
WED

THU
FRI

SAT

P~-~~
(12.-!>p . .,,,,.)

Pair Work

C. =====================================~c=-~p.~1~1s~)
A : ~!I
Ii r: : -r-tn'o
-:-):<_,;,

Example:

B : ~II (;t;t 7 11,; (7) t

-t-o1. 1)

T-t o

.::_-) X.!v

Map B

Ask where the following


places are.

2.

~*-T.5
~ ->

5. v::Z ~

7/

l /v

3.::Z-1\'-

Pair Work

C. =====================================~c=-=p=.
~12~s)

Example:

A :

1 '\'

B's Schedule

F ~ / ~ / (badminton) "f

B:\'\'T-ttlo
A : Yi Bi 8 Ii
If-:>.):

U'

r 7

B : Yi Bi 8 li~~ogT~7~
If-:>.):-)

U'

SUN

T-th'o

I: l"ir/"

'"'-/"""'

b P M . .J039 i hj
Li-to

MON

kBIB
Ii?
fJ .): 7 U'

Stv-a\7

IV\ -t~e

l; br-CA.ry

TUE

WED

THU

D1nY1e..r o-...-t

frleV\d's
FRI
SAT

hou.se

Useful Expressions

Days/Weeks/Months/Years
Days

fJ Bl B

BBIB

lf-:iJ:7U.

1:t,J:7U

1
-:> \

'f: t,

-r , '.1:7 U

~,uw

t<J:W

;,. .., n'

.).-:>;>)'

~BIB

*-BIB

J:

t:J:7U

,,...,n,

n'

->

BIB

t;',

n'

10

11

12

13

==<J)n'

t:l?n'

lrlli\ 't,/:t,

lr1>71:1:t,

lr1>-J~,{,1:t,

15

16

17

lrp-j:'1:t,

lrp-J~< 1:t,

lrp-J Lt,1:t,

22
1:Lr1>71:1:t,

28

29

1:L:rp-j/;J:t,1:t,

7]<.81 B

i!'J:-JU

J:7n'

21
1:L:r1>7\ 't,(:t,

kBIB

1:L:r1>-J<1:t,

23

24

1:L:rp-)~,{,/:t,

1: lrp-JJ: ..,;?,

30
~,{,lrp-j/:t,

25
1:Lrp-):'1:t,

20

lrp7<1:t,

/;J:-:>,j'

26

27

1:L:r1>-J~<1:t,

1:L:r1>7Lt,1:t,

31
~,{,lrp-)\ 't,(:t,

Months
\ \ 1; fr"-> (- fJ) ~~January
(: IJ'-> C=-fJ)
February
~ Iv fJ '--> ( fJ ) ~~March
L IJ'-> (zs fJ)
April
:'IJ'-> (li.fJ)
May
~ < IJ'-> (7' fJ )~~June

z:

Time Words
Day

19

18
lrp-j/;J:t,/:t,

L i;IJ'--J (-t:-JJ)
July
Lti;IJ'--J (;\.fj)
August
< IJ'-> (iLfJ)
September
L rp 7 IJ'-> ( fJ)
October
L rp 7\\1; IJ'-> (+- fJ )-November
L rp 7 (:IJ'->
(+.=..JJ)~~December

Week

Month

};t:t:\\

t:Lrp77J'lvi;t
(.=..~Mlitr)

(:fJ'(f'->i ;{_
(.=..fJ'fJ litr)

t>t:t:L

the day before yesterday

two weeks ago

two months ago

the year before last

~<7)-) (a'fB)

1 Iv L rp 7 (:Jt;~)

1 lvlt'-> (:Jt;fj)

~ J: tllv ( *j:p)

yesterday

last week

last month

last year

: Iv L rp 7 ( ~~)

Year

.; /v(f'-> ( ~fj)

.; t: L ( ~j:p)

today

this week

this month

this year

~Lt.: (EJ1B)

G \ \ L rp 7 (*-~)

G\ \If-> (*-JJ)

G\ \tl!v(*-j:p)

tomorrow

next week

next month

next year

~G\1Lrp-J
(W-*-~)

~ G\ 'It'->
(W-*-JJ)

~ G\ iti/v
(W-*-j:p)

the month after next

the year after next

~ J: 7 (~B)

~~-:>l
the day after tomorrow

the week after next

r~s~

5$m'115~1-r
<tl~

tJb

Cl ~

Ti";flo

It

A_, :

.Z7Ti";flo

It

A_, :

1~~
-c Iv :;

-ct, t;.i:-Jt~\\-t-t;flo
;!;,-::>

*
A_, :

*
C]I

5J

SJ K05-0l/02

Robert and Ken are vacationing in Okinawa.


\ \\

It

A Trip to Okinawa

cu\'-}-

L_ 5

\'-

"

A_, (;J:

t'' A_, -tJ. A~

- '/

-4{jf ~ Ti" 4'o


-r

47--7 1 /-4{jf~
.., Ti" o
{t

It

A_, :

L l:-~I: J("> IJ i L

J:

-J 4'

n L < -tJ. \ \ T-t 4' o

Tt ,

(;f!J

* * -c-r la

t-::1. \I:j::__
.I:~

,)~

@ At the post office.

B!] K05-03/04

cu\-1-:

-thi-lA.,,a

~f~}.;] ~ :

-t+ Pi T-t a
>d:>d: tH .Ziv

vH 1flv~; ( c/v

3 O/\'-}4

l:-\";h,

!;J:-4{~1;J:,

1.:f1J::-<iT\\<

-l-Tfli-l:JJ-t-~=-.:fX.})Mi\\Lii"o
i'd:7d:L:rti~X!v~0
-c
1: i1.'
i:;ii.lf

-.tt
< t: ~ \ \
c"G;tc

G-ti"4'a
-f"*14'G,

li.-t-fli-l:JJ-t-~
.: t.:11>~X!v30
-c

@ On Monday at school. BJ
1

f::.tt L :

!--

r::J/\-

~Iv, Iii.I"~,

;t ;t o 59' ~

0)

B!<>'t''
3

J: I.I'~

f::.tt L :

f::.

K05-05/06

5iQ: I ;;t -t :::-


'l"'-

<h IJ f.l"t -Jo :!<.ffli~Lf.l'~ f::.T-91.i'o


') ~.: ')

< ~ *1. \ ' T' L t: l

T-t tlo If< t )iQ:f.l"*-ff ~


7 "'-

-t

-c-r o

Jltff~
O)t;7JH
I ;;t tcil'
iWi I.I'~ f::. T-t I.I' o
1} .:-)
$
$0 ,;~

\ \ \ \ ;{_ ' <h i

I)

iWi <

-f,J_'

I.I' ~

tcil'

t: -C' -t

t: t t

L ~ Iv 0) 7 - l- ( ;;t t:'' -) T L

t: f.i'o

6
1

t!.c'

t.o:

f::.tt L

Robert: Nice weather.


Ken: Yes, But it is a little hot
Robert: Yes. Wow, beautiful sea!
Ken: Let's swim,

Ken: What kind of sports do you like, Robert?


Robert: I like surfing. Shall we do it together tomorrow?
Ken: But isn't it difficult?
Robert: No,

Robert: Excuse me, How much is a postcard to Britain?


Person at the post office: 70 yen,
Robert: Then, two 70-yen stamps, please, And one 50-yen stamp, please.

Takeshi: Robert, thank you for the postcard, Did you enjoy the trip?
Robert: Yes. The sea was very beautiful in Okinawa.
Takeshi: Good, I like the sea very much, too, Was the airline ticket expensive?
Robert: No, it wasn't so expensive. How was your date, Takeshi?
Takeshi: , , .

@]

V
Nou

t: A::. t
f:::. ,{, t

-r 7-.

sea

{)] 4'-

postal stamps

{JJ{,'f

ticket

surfing

ts'*!

food

J: 7 l/

~~8

birthday

l-

test

weather

Jfl\:ff~
og~
1l

airplane

{:th.

holiday; day off; absence

:Kff

travel

~~
j)zh.~~

{7-_

*tF:7~
-"'-..-'('

* Lf <
-'("'-th.

* ') J:

)iii:

~A::.~~

* (;l:"h<'~

=7

drink
postcard
bus
room
I (used by men)

a d j e c t i v e s

S t: G L \ \
<f,-J\\
S-J\

\ \ -t "h<' L

\I

~JT L \ \
=I-\ \

new

~\\

hot (thing)

tt L \ \

busy (people/ days)

hot (weather)

j:)j:)~\1

*~\\

large

ht L.t)\\

008\\

interesting; funny

n'-:i

good-looking (conjugates like \ \ \ \)

:::_\I\\

:;.f-J\\

~ L'\ \
*

<l)

<1)7.;.t<l)

homework

*<'."~

l,' ~

n s

* 7 h.
*~-:iT
* ~ -:i .)~
* -+t-71 /
L rp < t:-\ \

K05-07

t: <l) L \ \
t;\\~\\

t;i\i \ \

*\\

* t'fn'L\\
* Words that appear in the dialogue

cold (weather-not used for things)

~ L\ \

fun

1J\ ~ \ \

small
boring

-JJ;GfJ_'\\

.i- ~ \ \

frightening

;5\ \

old (thing-not used for people)

~ L\ \

difficult

easy (problem); kind (person)


inexpensive; cheap (thing)
td:~adjectives

~G\\(f.,i:)

.\\

* ~;f'L\\(-t.,i:)

beautiful; clean

If,{, ~ (-t.d
L-tn'(-t,J.')
*
*

-t ~ (-t,J.')
t: \ \ ~ G \ \ ( -t.,J.)
t: \ \ -t ~ ( -t.,J.)
I: ~-- J.\' n' (-Id
t)

disgusted with; to dislike ( ,.,_, <')

ft.~

healthy; energetic

M-n'

quiet

tr~

fond of; to like ( ,.,_, <')

*\
\
::ktf ~

to hate ( ,.,_, n")


very fond of; to love ( ,.,_, n<')
lively

i (fJ.)

B~

not busy; to have a lot of free time

)7-j( ('

to swim

~<

Jill<

to ask (person I:)

(7)6

*6

to ride; to board ( ,.,_, I:)

U~verbs
* };

l <"

to do; to perform ( ,.,_, t-)

* J.\' 6
Ru~verb
Tn'lt6
Adverbs
*\\-:iLJ:I:
*
*
*

:ln'lt6
and

Other

-~1:

to go out
Expressions
together

-t = <

extremely

22 kl n' G

and then

t: \ '

L J: 7 .;:

::k'f::..:J,.

It's okay., Not to worry.;


Everything is under control.

t'lt
* t'' ,{, -t.,J.
* ,.,_, i
*

\\

"-'i T

very
what kind of ...
,.,_,~

[counter for flat objects]


to (a place); as far as (a place);
till (a time)

r
-

Adjectives

There are two types of adjectives in Japanese. One type is called "\ --adjectives," and the
other type

"-f'J.-adjectives"

\ \ and

-f'J. are

their last syllables when they modify nouns.

\ v-adjectives:

1? t L .; \ \ 8*@! an interesting movie


x. (..'

iJ'

7 , 1? t L .; \ \ 8*@!
~Ji;;,. i L
,_,, iJ'

~ (!)

t:

I saw an interesting movie yesterday.

a scary teacher

J.i 1' 7'tst Ii : t:> \ \ 7't st T-t

'<'1 lJc-\tA,-\t\'

Professor Yamashita is a scary teacher.

-\tA,-ttc

t:-adjectives:
~ fl\ \ -t-J. 'Jf- ~

L<' LA,

a beautiful picture
I took a beautiful picture in Kyoto.

:7t ~

-1'.J.'

7't st

an energetic teacher

J.il'7'tst!i:7t~ -1'J.7'tst T-t


'<'1 Ltc-\tA,-\tc'

lfA, ~

Professor Yamashita is an energetic teacher.

-ttA,-ttc'

Japanese adjectives conjugate for tense (present and past), polarity (affirmative and negative), and so forth, just as verbs do. The two types of adjectives follow different conjugation
patterns.
L r-adiectives

v v-adjectives change shape as follows.

ciGlYc9

negative
ciG< tJ:l )c9
(or ciG(IJa::ttfv)

It is cold.

It is not cold.

cv1J' ::> tc.c9

ciG < ts.1J' ::> tc.c9


(or ciG< IJ a::ttfvc Gtc.)

It was cold.

It was not cold.

affirmative
present

past

~5~

133

In the negative, you can use the more colloquial variant f.._ \ ' T-t, or the more conservative
variant ;f:, ') i -1 Iv. Both these forms involve the change of the last \' syllable into < .
Unlike verbs, adjectives conjugate fairly uniformly. The only irregularity worth noticing at
this stage is the behavior of the adjective \ '\' (good). The first syllable of v '\ ' is changed to
J: in all forms except the dictionary form and the long present tense affirmative form.1
L, )L,' (irregular)
affirmative

L,)L, reg

present

J: < UtJ'-:; ic.cg


(or J: < !J a;:tt/v c ~ic.)

past

Compound adjectives like

negative

J:(UL,)cg
(or J:(!J*ttfv)

n'

-:> :

\ '\

'

that are built with \ '\ ' follow this syllable change.

1d:-adjectives The conjugation pattern off.._ -adjectives is exactly the same as the conjuga-

tion table of

-c-r

which follows a noun, as discussed in Lesson 4.

affirmative
present

negative

She is healthy.

lJ t-> UL, )cg


(or 7C~
lJ t-> !J a;:tt/v)
(f A,
She is not healthy.

7C~C'~ic.

7C~

7C~C'g
(fA, ,,--

7C~
(f A,

'(!

'(!

past

(fA,;,--

lJ t-> UtJ'-:; ic.cg


(or 7C~
lJ t-> !J a;:tt/v
(f A,
She was not healthy.
(f A,

'(!

'(!

She was healthy.

c ~jc)

The final syllable f.._ is dropped in these long forms of f.._-adjectives. The two forms shown in
the negative column are the colloquial and the conservative variants, respectively. In addition to these two forms in the negative, you can also substitute -c Ii for L '(' as in -r ( i ;f:, I)
i -1 Iv and T ( i ;f:, 1) i -1 Iv -c L t: which are more often used in the written language than
in the spoken language.

There actually are alternate forms,


in the spoken language.

\ '\ ' -c-r

J: \ ' and J: \ 'T-9, but they are much less frequently used than \ '\ ' and

If you want to say things like "very hot;' and "a little hot;' you can add "degree adverbs" like

-t : <

(extremely), t T t (very) and t; J:

5if~Q)5fali
t
"JJ;
;f;O'<(;:;b

-Ct~

;ft\

-J

t (a little; slightly) before adjectives.

'TL t.;

The sea was very beautiful in Okinawa.

: Q)'ff~J.i Ii t;
r-;

->(>

J:

-::>

:I-\ '-c-t o

if,-:>

This room is a little hot.

In this lesson, we learn two -fJ.' -adjectives that are very important from the grammatical
point of view. They are ff ~ ( -fJ.') (to be fond of; to like), and ~ G \ ' ( -fJ.') (to be disgusted
with; to dislike). The meaning of these adjectives is relational, and you need two terms: a
person to like or dislike something on the one hand, and a person or a thing on the other
hand that is liked or disliked. In sentences, these two terms usually appear with the particles
(;J: and -IJ\ respectively.2

.,

I
!

likes
X dislikes

o /<-~~,{,Ii

8 *~Q) 7 7 A fJ{ ff~ T-t o


1: ll!v .:

.,

Robert likes his Japanese classes.

J.Jrl\::i-lif~,
fJ'~ G \ 'T-t
[Jc-\t/v-\tC'
~iJ'ft

->(>

Professor Yamashita dislikes fish.


The item that is liked or disliked can also be a person. You may want to be cautious using
these words in reference to your preference for a specific person, however, because ff~ -c-r
is usually taken to be an admission of one's romantic interest. 3

.,

In contexts where you are contrasting two or more items, the particle Ii is used instead of -IJ{. Thus,
;fhliff*-I
Hf~
T-9-IJ\ ~Ii~
G \ ,-r-r o
I like vegetables, but I don't like meat.
bf~L
-\" ~,_,T
!.:(3
In the expression of romantic or familial affection, the complex particle 0) : t fJ{ can replace fJ{. Thus,
f;: It L-::: Ii ;t 7 ') - -::: ,(,0): t -IJ{-!if ~Ti" o
= ;t 7 ') - -::: -IJ{'!iJ-~ -c-t o
T
-T
Takeshi is in love with Mary.

~5~~

135

Let us note three more things about 3(J- -5 ( -fJ.') and -5 G \ \ ( -fJ.') before we go on. One, if you
like or dislike something (or somebody) very much, you can use the intensified forms of 3(J-t
-5 -c-r and -5 G \ \ T-t, namely, ::k..3(J--5 -c-r (like very much) and ::k. -5 G \ \ -c-r (hate),
tee' -t
tee'
which are more often used than the degree modifier t: T. t in combination with 3(J., -5 T-9
and -5 G \ 'T-9.

.,

Takeshi likes coffee a lot.

-t L- ~A., !i-tJ.'-:) t: 7iJ'1'..1:


G \ '-c-t
t.:.~)

Ms. Kim hates natto (a Japanese fermented soybean delicacy).


Furthermore, when Japanese people want to say that they neither like nor dislike something,
they usually say:
I neither like nor dislike (it).
Three, you can use 3(J- -5
-t
things like:

.; *1 I Lfh <1> tr 1:
-t

Mel

-tJ.'

-fJ.'

ll!v

and -5 G \

'-fJ.'

as modifiers of nouns. For example, you can say

r--t o

This is my favorite book.

Take a long form of a verb and replace the ending with i L J: 7 or i L J: 7 iJ' and you will
get the Japanese expression for "let's ... ;' which you can use to suggest a plan of action.

-~1::
~--e:itT~
5~ Li L
''""LJ:
I: LJ:n'lv
"'-!veld

J: 1 o

Let's study in the library together.

~*;;!; T
~-?~l/v

:::7-

t- ~jjz;,,. i L J: 7 iJ'o
(/)

Shall we drink coffee at a coffee shop?

Counting

There are two important things you should know about counting items in Japanese. Firstly,
we use different number words for different kinds of items; the words used for counting
people are different from the words used for counting books, for example. Secondly, number
words often come after, rather than before, the items counted in a sentence.
1) -

,.{,Ii

t;J-'f-"C ~

.:=.;&

item

number

:: Iv i \. \

~ ?

~ \\i L
il'

t:

Lee bought three stamps.

The number word, .:=.tt, is made up of the numeral .:=. and the "counter" tt. This counter is
;2i:!vil.'
s );
it'
used for sheets of paper and other flat objects. There will be other counters in later lessonsfor people, for books, for sticklike objects, and so forth.

~6

~I~/U-.t5

Expression

11fv

Notes

\...-------------------

'It
LA, \fl;:'i!'t->1J'(1d:) Ht
L\tfJ

L v' is used when we describe people and is not used


for places. When you want to say that Tokyo is busy, you should use 1: ~,-'\:'iJ' (id:).
l.'fil

t: It L ~Iv

Ii

rt L v'-z:'T

\'{-~(

*}5'!, Ii 1: ~-'-'\:'iJ'-z:'T
c-)

5.t1

Takeshi is busy.
Tokyo is busy I lively.

Note that the sentence below is also acceptable, since the susbject "I'' is omitted in
the sentence.

B Ill B !Ht
L v'-z:'T o
cH'

1:tJ:-i

1f

I am busy on Sunday.

6
....
~

*l ~

L,~5

:ti.A,

A.

Change the following adjectives into the affirmatives.


Example:

--

f::.IJ'\\

If A.,~

-r.i.'

If A.,~ T-t

4.

2. 1:,-:n'

5.

"ht L.;\'
")i G -r.J. \

'

8.

~ t; \ \

6.

\ '-'C IJ{ L \ '

9.

L f'IJ , -r.J.

3.

10. I :: ~- 1\" I;, -r.J.

7 .. )'"~ \ \
\

11.

Change the following adjectives into the negatives.


Example:

--

l('-f\\

oi

-fJ.

GD xos.os

t: IJ'\ 'T-t

1<'-t \ \

1.

B.

1<'-t <
Ui

-r.J.\ ,

~ fl\ \ -f.J.

12. (j

GD Kos-09

T-t

L.:: ~ -r.J.\

'T-t

1.

~ t; \ \

4.

1> t: G L \'

7.

i;\\~\\

10.

Lf

2.

.i- ~ \ \

5. t;flJ' L \'

8.

11.

~fl\

3.

= h\ \

6. IJ'-;)

9.

If A.,~

= \ \\ \

\ \

-f.J.

:. O)*~tli
~ \ 'T-t o
I: ltc
tc-/J
;:O)*Hli~< -r.j.'\'Ti"o
I: itc

'<'i"

(1)

Ex.

100,000

(2)

480

IJ'-f.J.
d.J.

12. I:: ~--1\" I;, -t.J.

C. Look at the pictures below and make sentences.


Example:

-fJ.

(3)

(5)

(4)
I

'

(6)

(7)

/
/

(8)

(12)

:::rA.f.1%
I

D.

..

(13)

)(

2 0

' 0
" 0

3 0

8 0

)<

4-

9 0
a

10

:r?-f.

5 x

/00

)<

g x
q x
/0

)(

Answer the following questions.


Example:

8 *Po(J) 7 7 A (;t

;;t. ;;t.,

~ l!lv ~

n L \ , -c-t

n L \ '-c-g IJ'o

Cf~
o/

\ , \ ,

nL

;;t.,

Cf~

1.

~B(iUi-c-tn'o

1: l!!v

6.
ii'?-:: 0

4.

E.

'T-t IJ'o

t:

L\'Ti""IJ'o

L/J)

77A(it-Jt

7. 7:.@(;tn
Lo< tee'

;f;;f;

L.;\'Ti""IJ'o
L \ , ..t-tlJ'o

Cfn'

8. S -rJ. t: (7) lllJ (;t '#tfJ' T-t IJ' o

tf~~(j: ~ *1,\ , ..Ci""IJ'o


r-;

-c-t o

-rJ. \ ,

5. 8*(7)~"'~~(;tt;\'

~ J:-)

3. ~~(;t::k ~ \

<

Cf~

110

""

Li'

Pair Work-Make affirmative and negative sentences with your partner.


Example:

~ tL \

-t:

_... ~t t: t; (J)tf~~
I:

<

(;i ~

tl \ 'T-t o T t,

><;>

*1' (J)tf~~

PfcL

<

(;i ~

tl \' t -\" -rJ. \'

><;>

T-t o
1.

t-Jt L.;\'

2. \ \ \ \

3.

:t?\\

5. ~\ \
tdJ'

4.

t-J \ ' L \ '

6. IJ'-")

7.

= \ \\ \

:7t 'A -fJ.

If Iv !'<

8.

ui

-fJ.

~5~>H 139

F.

Pair Work-Make your own sentences on the topics below using adjectives,
and tell your partner.
Example:
3. ~h <7) t

-f,J_'

I)

<7) ),..( ;t

btcL

5. jft
ll
1::7:;;?

1J'/:

6. / \ r; 1 (Hawaii) ll

4. ~h <7)~~ ll
blcL

A.

-:

>('

Change the following adjectives into the past affirmatives.

--

Example: f::. fr\ '


If ,.{, ~ _,.J.,

t: fJ'fJ'

--Y

If,{,~

-r L f::.

\"'-t \ \

4.

J::;t

2. ~ -::n \

5.

-:i

~ t; \ \

6.

\'-f:-iJ{L\'

1.

3.

t: T-t

L.;\'

i G _,. )., \ '

7.

t: <7)

8.

9.

L -r t;, _,..).,

10. I ::: ~-- -\"' I;' _,.J.,

L\'

\ \ \

B. Change the following adjectives into the past negatives.


Example:

\"'-t \ \

ui
1. f::.fJ'\\

-fJ.'

-4.

-\"' -t <

_,.J.. I;'

--Y

U i L '<"' _,..)., fJ'

i G _,. ).. \ '

-:i

2.

t. <7) L \'

5. };})~\\

3,

-\"'~ L\'

6.

GD

11.

~ *1 \ \ _,. ).,

12,

oi

-fJ.>

10,

Lf

iJ'-rJ.

11.

~ *1 \ \ _,. ).,

12,

( f ,.{, ~

Kos-11

t. -r -t
--Y

t: T-t
7.

\ '-Z fJ{ L \ '

8. fJ'

--y ::: \ \ \ \

9. ( ::: ~- -\"' I;'

GDKos-10

-fJ.>

-fJ.

C. This is what Robert wrote down about the trip to Okinawa. Look at the memo
and make sentences.
Kos-12

GD

Ex. Okinawa-hot
1. food-not expensive
2. food-delicious
3, hotel-not big

4.
5.
6.
7.

hotel-new
restaurant-not quiet
sea-beautiful
surfing-interesting

D.

Pair Work-Practice

a dialogue with your partner, substituting

parts. A and B are talking about A's vacation.


Example:
went to Okinawa

very hot

A : 1*hl:::5if~l:::fi~ i L
~-t

t;~t,:b

-f 7 T-tn'o

A : t: T

t :1-n'

f:.o

''

t'.7
--:i

f:.

TL f:.n'o

T-t

j;,-:o

1. saw a movie
2. stayed home ( 7

scary

-G 1: \ '~)

very boring

3. went to a party

not fun

4. went to a restaurant

not delicious

5. (your own)

A.

Look at the pictures and make comments on them. EillKos-13


Example:
(2)

-r t- i::

( 6)

lllJ

100,000
(4)

A.
U-1:

(5)

A.
U-1:

;j'

i;

the underlined

~5~H

141

B. Answer the questions using the given cues. Gl]Kos-14


Example:

~,.(,Ii t''A.JJ A. T-t h'o

~7

~71)-~,.C!if'~

1) -

1H:

L\'A-ti"o
V-1:

Ex.~

1) -

(3)

kind

A.

beautiful

interesting

t: tt

energetic

Pair Work-Choose the items from the following categories and ask your
partners whether they like them.
Example:

A . ~

.J.{.h:l. ~
IJ ~~J .._

J\\'

-r---+\.. '/

.J.,
IJ o

-t

~!!'it

B : Ii\', ff~ T-t /:kff~ T-t o


T

~ G \ 'T-t / :k
~ G \ 'T-t o
t!1. \

\ '\ ';t,
1. Foods: meat /

z7

(fermented beans) / 7

fJ - (soccer) /.A.::\'- - (skiing)/

2. Sports: ~ :;
3. Music:

-fJ. -:i

t.'.c' T

.A 7

L... (ice cream)

:::tJ[., 7 (golf)

o :; 7 (rock) / / -\-' A.' (jazz) / 7 7 :,,., :; 7 (classical music)

4. School work: test /


5. Drinks: sake/

Japanese class /

green tea/

homework

coffee

*If you neither like it nor dislike it, you can use

B. Answer the following questions.


1.

t'',.(_,-fJ .A~ - '/ h{ff ~ Ti"h'o

2.

t'' ,.(, -rJit'"i&h{ff ~ T-t h' o

3.

t'',.C-fJj):J,..i&h{ff ~ T-t h'o

4.

t,.c-rJ~@Jh{ff~

-t

t:

-t

i,(I)

(I)

-t

i,(I)

X.1.\ i)'f

5.

1)

-t

t,.c-rJ-N-~h{ff~
ti!viJ'

<

-t

Ti"h'o
Ti"h'o

t3- ~ T t ~ ~ \ 'T t
-t

f,;_ \

'T-t.

A.

Change the following into

L \ '".)

J:

2. 71:;~1:::~
-l:t/v-t!-C'

*L

J:

3 sentences.

1~-:J

1:::9~6

6.

<

7. )7-j(.('

~L

!')

}i

4.

1? c4 ~If "f Ji 7

5.

tl:ln'lt6
-c

GD Kos-is

J:

ii'

B.

Pair Work-Make follow-up suggestions using


Example:

*L

J:

31J'.

*\ 'T--tho
"t;

--+

1.
2.
3.
4.

A: *\'T-tho
"t;

'(>

J:

7 n'o

(!)

Jf
\ 'T-t ho
<!;-::>
+-=-1*("-tho
L'.

l>H 1:

:::(7)tef*!1iJiL\'T-tho
l~U-'''
t;fl!'
;t L t. (;t7t;~(7)~~ 8 T-t J: o
-tt!v-tte>

to!vtd

1f

r 7/(;t1? \'
;h L t: (;t 7 :A r -,7{ <t ')

5. ;t
6.

1?~-fj)zh.i
i;

(7)

t- :A

*c~O)f'*~

rtfu l,t;1>3

L \ 'T-t J: o
i -tho

(Review Exercises)

A. Pair Work-Ask your partner the following questions.


1. Were you busy last week?
2. Were you fine last week?
3. Was your high school big/old?
4. Was your watch expensive?
5. Is your bag new?
6. Is your room small/clean?
7. Is your teacher kind?

~5~>H

143

B. Class Activity-Show and tell


Bring pictures you took on a trip. Explain to your class where you went, what
you did, how it was, etc. And later, other students will ask in detail about the
trip.
Example questions:
t'': 1:::n ~ i L f-: o>;

~ m ! i t . 7 T L f-: -h'
l Iv "'

t: *'1.. t ff,, ~

i L

t: -h'

1ltff~<1)-l:JJ{f
!i \' < ~TL
o .: 1 ~
~-?

f-: tr :

.)~

C. Role Play-Use Dialogue II as a model, buy some stamps and postcards.

8*0)~9
1:

IJ ii.,

;!: ':J

Japanese Festivals

There are many festivals in Japan. Some are famous, while others are known only to the
locals. Some are very traditional, while others are rather new. Here are some examples of
well-known festivals. Where do you want to visit?

The Sapporo Snow Festival is held for a week in


early February. It features large snow sculptures
constructed in a park on the main avenue.

The Kyoto Gion Festival is held


in July. On the 17th, beautifully
decorated floats parade on the
main streets in Kyoto.

1,~~

I:<~"

The Aomori Nebuta Festival is


held August 2-7. Huge colorful lanterns are pulled through
the streets, accompanied by
people dancing and playing
flutes and drums.

~iiJ)&:~ifi ~J
i;

"

ti/:'

The Tokushima Awa Dance Festival is


held August 12-15. Groups of people
form lines and dance around the
center of town.

The Sendai Tanabata Festival


is held August 6-8, and is famous for its large, elaborate
decorations made with colorful Japanese paper.

Useful Expressions

At

h e

s t

0 ff

c e

Expressions
: ;i-l,

;b~\' Li-to ------Can you take care of this, please?


t.l7l'

.li.-+- JI] {]J f--c ~ -=-~ <


.: l:t'P?X.lv~?

t~ ~ \ 'o --- Giveme three 50-yen stamps, please.

~lvil.'

(;i11C~1-'.) T;b~\' L i -to ----Make


.:-j(-j[f!v

t.l7l'

M 8 < G \ 'il'il'

this (an airmail), please.

1) i i""il'o ----How many dayswill it take?

t,:1v1:0

.li.-+- JI](:

1t<>( .: ~~?X.!v

-fo1. 1)

+,

-----It will be 150 yen.

Vocabulary
~tJ

counter

JIYJ1-'.
,}.~Cf Iv

surfacemail

!iii{~

postcard

1!1!
f- < t::

special delivery

{]Jf-

postal stamps

;tl:'('J:,

~-?

"C

Jj\~

parcel

.: 'CJ'J;/;

;Vt 'if.1-'.
.:-j(-jU'!v

airmail

registered mail

1*~
Ii It Iv

insurance

7l!'< I: lb

(m

6~ / L

\-~C-fv0)-E3

D)

L 1'.5

0
1

SJ K06-0l/02
cu<- r ~ J...,,

Jir:Jft:i.:

IL:'.5

o / ,-_

;jz<l)"'"'-:)
0~

f~fi:J..., T
J:

<

~~T

t=-~\\o

wr:Jft:i.:

O/{-j--

o/ ,-_

:Jft:i., ~x_;t-lf: f ~ft. i L t: o

~/...,,

to

1-- :

-tt!v-ttc'

";?ii'

77:AT!llT!i\\(ti-tl-J...,J:o
t>

v-t

L.~

s wr:Jft:i.:

~H'f: f #-:i
T ~ T < t: ~\'ho
""7 ii l.~
t

60/<-j--:

(l\',

~I l.tc-lt/v-ltl'

@ After class.

B 1!\ 'i -th' Go

-1&-

ic,1:J;0iJ'

-9hi-tl"J...,o

SJ K06-03/04

o / ,- - l- ~ J...,, A,- B ! i ::k ~ T L f: ti o

1:A

~ J:?

f.:\,V'-./v

;{_ ;{_ o q~ T :A - ~ /..., <7) /


~c

< t:-~ \ 'o

1-- :

~i L.tc-tt!v-ttc'

:A

l- f 11f I) T t \ ' \ ' T-t h' o


~

\ '\ 'T-t J: o
~ ') h{ t: 7 o -t ('i! L i -to
7;;{_

s :A

0 / ,-_

l- ~ J...,, ~ L f: TA

r h{ ~

1)

i -t J:

;{_ -:i o 7-Js:.~ T-t h'o


II!vc ~

:A

;t ;to o / ,-_
L:>\'~,

r ~ J...,,

~ J:-)

@ On the bus.
l

j:?(j'.'~~J...,:

~Bi B 1::::{;1'.;,,. i L t: n' G ho


~ !vJ:~ U'

~B!iaRl::::~-:iT,
l.'.i

iJ'i.

~-t

M7~Li-to

.-<../v~ J:.-)

SJ K06-05/06
~<7),

-9.7,,.i-tl"J...,o

61

A Day in Robert's Life

In the class.

~il.Jc-tUvltC'
2

:::<7)/\':A(lfP~ffl~A...{t~i-9-h'o
LJ.J./...AJJ.?1..'lv

\, '

-Z- 7 T-tii'o

4 t:]/-\-~:

L::

'I"

<h, :fi,T4w~#i; i L J: 7 ii'o

ch ' t:'' 7 t -t .z,,. i -1::t,.{_,

1:

t-:o

Prof. Yamashita: Robert, please read the next page.


Robert: ...
Prof. Yamashita: Robert, please wake up. You cannot sleep in the class.
Robert: Mr. Yamashita, I forgot to bring the textbook.
Prof. Yamashita: Please bring your textbook with you. We use it every day.
Robert: I understand. I'm sorry.

Sue: Robert, you had a hard time today.


Robert: Yes. May I borrow your notebook later, Sue?
Sue: Yes.
Robert: Thank you. I'll return it soon.
Sue: Robert, we will have a test tomorrow.
Robert: Really?
Sue: Yes. You were absent from the class last Friday. (That's why you didn't know about it.)
Robert: Well then, I'll go home and study today.

Old woman: Excuse me. Does this bus go to the city hospital?
Robert: Yes, it does. Take this seat, please.
Old woman: No, thank you. I'll get off soon.
Robert: Is that so? Then, shall I carry your bag?
Old woman: Thank you.

El!] K06-07
V

Nouns

}; n' ti
};

money

};~

,;, .;

};$ii,

n'lv

L
* ~ J: 7 n' L J:
:::lvLrJJ7

bath

~*

kanji; Chinese character

~f+

textbook

A,11!

this week

CD (::/-7'1-)

* Lh-lvllJ:
;:_,,;.r;* -:i ~--

CD
\\Iv

Tlv~
T/vL'('

* 1: t

l'P~fflBL

shower
'h

o;

next

~3n.

electricity

~~

train

~~w

-J

municipal hospital

baggage
personal computer

/'~'}'::]/

* "'"'---;
i ~--

%S

window

J: 6

night

G \ \ L rJJ 7
G\\t.l!v

*11!
*Jf

next week

page

next year

tJ:-adjective

*~

tough (situation)

~ -t .;:
\ \ -t ('

iQ!.;:

to play; to spend time pleasantly

};,;,.;1:!i\\6

};$i{,g

n' ~ -t

~-t

* t. \ \ "' Iv (f.J.)
U-verbs

J~

<

to hurry

1:A.6

to take a bath
to return (a thing)
(person I: thing f)

lt-t
L &':!
*-th6

t: -:i
t: rr
* Words

f-t 7

that appear in the dialogue

5'Af-t

to turn off; to erase (,..., f )

yt&':;i

to die

~6
:IL -:i

to sit down (seat I:)

f: ( ;f

= f '!&. 7

to stand up
to smoke

-J

iJ' 7

1! 7

to use (""' f)

-C-J

t: 7

.:f-1i 7

to help (person/task f)

(;J: \ \

A.6

to enter (""' I:)

#-J

to carry; to hold (""' f)

{*t;

( 1) to be absent (from ... ) (""'

* t -J
* -\"'-t t;

f)

(2) to rest
Ru~verbs

<hlt6
};L;t6

~lt6
tt;t 6

* }; 1) 6
* iJ' 1) 6
LcV.>6
:/ -r ry-f

~I) 6

1t 1) 6

ll cl>') 6
<h r/6

:/-r?-f
)'{t ll 6

-J(t6

to open (something) ("-'f)


to teach; to instruct

(person I: thing f )
to get off (""' f)
to borrow (person I: thing f )
to close (something) ("-'f)
to take a shower
to turn on (""' f)

TA,hffJ'lt6
*h--9*1.6

~~f fJ'lt6
~*1.6

to make a phone call ("-'I:)


to forget; to leave behind

(""' f )

Verbs

Irregular

1!*1. -r < 6
#-:i-C<6

-J;tt-C<6
*t-:i-C<6
and

Adverbs

* <ht-r-
};-t <
* "-' iJ' ~
* It -:i : 7 T"'t

Other

1~T
:!{ <

to bring (a person) (""' f)


to bring (a thing) (""' f)
Expressions
later on
(do something) late
because ...

ff.6;fl-C"-t

That would be fine.;


That wouldn't be necessary.

* -t ('
* (lA,t
t'j)

-:>

right away

7 T-tfJ'
< 1)

/.f.~T-tfJ'

Really?
slowly; leisurely; unhurriedly

1so ~~3 ><:5nii

G
-

Te-form

The main topic of this lesson is a new conjugation of verbs called the "re-form" Te-forms are
a very important part of Japanese grammar. In this lesson, we will learn, among their various
uses, to use them in:

making requests(" ... , please:')


giving and asking for permission ("You may ... /May I ... ?")
stating that something is forbidden ("You must not .. :')
forming a sentence that describes two events or activities. ("I did this and did that:')

The conjugation paradigm of te-forms is complex, as we need to learn separate rules for ru-,
u-, and irregular verbs. Furthermore, the rule for u-verbs is divided into five subrules.
First, with ru-verbs, the rule is very simple: Take ~ off and add -Z:.
ru-verbs

U-verbs come in several groups, based on the final syllable of their dictionary forms.
u-verbs with final

3 , -::J , and .:@

:z:s;:)

__.

~:J"C
ii;--

~~-:::)

__.

~~:)
""C
ll'--

(::.:@

__.

(:::) ""C

Ao..ii;-

ll'-

u-verbs with final <lJ , 131 , and rid.


__.
~~ct)
~rr.1vc:
J;--

J;-

illf
131
<l;-t-

__.

ifilfv
c
<l;-t--

9Et'd.
~-

__.

9Efvc
~--

As we discussed in Lesson 3 (see page 89), some verbs that end with the hiragana 6 are ru-verbs and some
others are u-verbs. Review the discussion on how the vowel before the final 6 syllable determines which verb
belongs to which class. As far as te-forms are concerned, we observe that u-verbs that end with 6 will have a
small -:J, ru-verbs that end with 6 do not.

u-verbs with final

<

~<

~lW:
IJ,--

IJ>-

There is an important exception in this class:

fi

l, \ -

<

fi -:) c:.-

---+

u-verbs with final


j.7]( <:'

<

u-verbs with final

l,1--

---+

!';J:-

~59
l;l;d:-

~5 ~ c:.-

---+

l;l;d:--

The irregular verbs -9 6 and < 6, and compound verbs built with them, conjugate as
follows.
irregular verbs

g:@
<:@
Note that te-forms and stems (the forms you find before i -9) are totally different constructs
in the u-verb camp. A common mistake is to assume that the simple paradigm provided by
the ru-verbs (~"" 'l and~"" i -9) covers the u-verbs also, thus coming up with unwart:
tc
ranted forms such as x %-\ ''l (see %-\' i -9) and x wtl,.. 'l (see gft;l,.. i -9). It is probably
"'
"'
J:
easier, at this stage of learning,
to memorize
each verb as
a set, as inJ: "j: < -"j: ~ i -9-"j: \ '
~
~
~
'l, than to apply the conjugation rules on the spot. Refer to the verb conjugation table at the
end of this volume (p. 382).

--"L<tc~~'

Use a verbal te-form together with <


cc 1
p ease do ... cror me. 2

~f-'irJ-:lLJ: ~~ft;,{,
-c <
J:

od

t: ~ \'

to make a polite request to another person

r: ~ \ 'o

Please read the textbook.

-9.H-i-l,.{,o

i;J:.

'?

t~;{_ T
t~ L

<

t-:>,

Excuse me. Please teach me a little. (=Tell me, I need your advice.)

If you are talking to a very close friend or a member of your family, a te-form, by itself, can be used as a request.
%S ~Im It'"( o
Open the window, will you?

,~

t \ '\ '-c-r means "you may do ... ;'which describes an activity that
is permitted.3 To ask for permission, you can turn it into a question sentence, """'( t \ '\ '-c
-9 fJ'. If somebody asks for permission and if you want to grant it, you can either repeat the
whole verb te-form plus t \ '\ 1 -c-r construction, or just say \ '\ 'Ti". x "'( t \ '\ 'Ti"
and X t \ '\ 'Ti" do not stand alone.
A verbal te-form plus

May I see the textbook?

--Ii\',

Jt.
-rt\'\ ,-c-r .J: o
;;,.

\ '\ 'T-t .J: o

-Yes, you may.


You may.
Please.

A verbal te-form plus (;!:\'It i -1 Iv means "you must not do ... ;' a strong prohibition
statement, as in rules and regulations.
You must not take pictures here.
If somebody asks you for permission and if you want to deny it, you can use "'((;!:\'It
i -1
Iv, but the sentence may sound too harsh unless you are in a place of authority. We will
learn a softer way to say "please don't" in Lesson 8.

DescribingTwo Activities

You can use ate-form if you want to combine two or more verbs, as in describing a sequence
of events or actions ("I did this and then I did that"). In other words, the te-form does the
work of "and" with verbs. (Note that two verbs cannot be joined by t:, which only connects
nouns.) This te-form conjunction can be used for present and future, as in the first and third
examples below, and for the past, as in the second example. The tense of the verb at the end
of each sentence determines when these events take place.

In casual speech, you can drop t and say --t..--.:: T \ '\ 1 T"t as well as --t..--.: T t \ '\ 'T"t. In contrast, Ii in the
t:
t:
construction T Ii\ 'It i 1 /...,,which is discussed in the next section, cannot be dropped.

~6~ .. 153

/-

l- ~1{\'-I)

-c ":] t -L i-to
0

il'

I will borrow her notebook and photocopy it.

7'* I::~ ~ -r_

~ 8 Ii,
~"~

0< c

~ 1~ L i L f: o
"'C!v5d

;t-;

Today I got up at six and studied.

~'.tl::~t-:i 1', JEt..:~ ~~"'


l; ( /:'~

''

U-7.>

t:

Iii"

i L J: Io

Let's go to the cafeteria and have lunch.


The te- form of a verb can also be used to connect a verb more "loosely" with the rest of a
sentence. In the first example below, the verb in the te-form describes the manner in which
the action described by the second verb is performed. In the second example, the re-form
describes the situation for which the apology is made.
/\:::Z,

1::*-:i (' ~;fl::~t~


iJ'C'L'(>

(!)

l'

i-t

I go to work by bus. (I take a bus to work.)

~~-lf:
~ t>-t
~tl (' -th i -1 ,(,0
n' L"

od

I am sorry for not bringing in the textbook. (I left the book at home, and I am sorry.)

A sentence that ends with fJ' G (because) explains the reason or the cause of a situation, a
proposal, and so forth.

;fl. Ii

vtcl

(situation), (explanation)

D"3o 4

+,

:::Z. ~

~aJE~
1~ L i
.:.1v1t1v""1vo d

S L f: 7

n" S

1)

-t 77' Go

I will study this evening. (Because) we will have an exam tomorrow.

/ < x 1::

*
(!)

1)

T-t n' Go

i L J: 7 o 7 7 :/'-Ii~~'
~~

Let's go by bus. (Because) taxis are expensive.

The explanation clause may also precede the situation clause. Thus the first example above can also be paraphrased as:
th L t: T ;;z HJ{ th I) i -t ~' G' )ft,
li4-B.$E.
$PM~i L i -t
bf;L
.: Iv If Iv.-{./.,~
We will discuss this further in Lesson 9.
0

154 ~~~ . :S(}i'~~

In Lesson 5 we learned ;t L J: -) iJ' meaning "Let's ... :' ;t L J: -) iJ' is also used in the sense
of "let me do ... ;' in offering assistance. If you see somebody having a hard time opening
the lid of a bottle, for example, you can offer help by saying:
I'll do it.
Or to a person who is carrying a heavy bag:

fi.T
~~ ~ # t; i L
1:
{,-::>

J:

{,

fJ' o

Shall I carry your bag?

c ulture.~t)
B*0)~1i'ffJUlt ( 1)
1:

Ii Iv

~ J j t, < it

t,

Japan's Educational System (1)

Most children in Japan attend kindergartens or nursery schools before entering elementary
school. Compulsory education comprises six years of elementary school and three years of
junior high school. Although not compulsory, over 95% of junior high students go on to high
school for three years. About half of high school graduates attend a university or junior college. Admission to high schools and universities is usually based on an entrance exam.
The Japanese school year starts in April and ends in March, with a long vacation in summer
and two shorter breaks in winter and spring.

*~~
t~l.'tf< l.'A

Graduate School

Junior College

Age

22

*~
t:'C'n'<

18
15

12

~-~Jm:k~
(~JI*)
tcA if! t:'c'tf<
tcA.t:'c'

University

tj:l ~~

( tj:l ~)

~*?IJ'-o;::?

~~'.ill'<

Junior High School

1j\~f.X:

l.,.t:?ii?C::?

Elementary School

6
Compulsory Education

~I~/-~7
U-"3

Expression

Notes

11/v

~ <, /~l,) ~Although both :i1! v' and :i1! < mean "late," they have different usag<15T

<15T

li-f

<

li-f

es, since :i1! v' is an ad). ective and :i1! is an adverb.


li-f
li-f
as a predicate, and :i1! modifies verbs.
li-f

<

A: ~ (1)-)-~l:~i
lt, L:

B :

io

l..J:a

:i1! v' 't"T tla

:i1!
v' modifies nouns or works
li-f

I went to bed at one o'clock yesterday.


It's late.

};){"

~*1:1, +~~;sj@~-c
:il.!v'lj!Jj~filH.'jt-"ZiTa
t
Bi"
r:

L1t7i-::J

ti,7

Ji)~

;!"?

!1/v

On weekends, I get up around 10:00 and


eat late breakfast.
I went to bed late yesterday.

You can also apply this rule to

!fl<
/!fl
v>.
IH'
I'(>

c,

C 5 ti~ C, -J b is normally used with Ji:> 9 iJ> -J , as in -J b Ji:> 9 i)> C -J


(Thank you very much), or with T J;. i -itIv, as in t-) b T J;. i -itIv (I am very
sorry/Thank you very much). When used alone, it is an abbreviation of c,-) b Ji:>
9 i)>
or t-) b T J;. i-it Iv. Therefore, when you want to show your gratitude or regret, you can just say C,-) b instead of saying a long sentence. C,-) b
functions in many ways, depending on the situation. Some people use c,-) b as
"hello" or "good-bye."

c -)

(6 ~Many words that begin with ;13 can also be used without it. ;13 in such words

simply adds smoothness and nuance of social refinement, without changing the
meaning of the words.
Example:

;13~,"'.) 9
-,

(festival)

A.

B!] K06-os

Change the following verbs into te-forms.

}; ~ 6

Example:

}; ~ -r

--+

1.

f:~6

4.

IJ'

<

7.

2.

IJ' 7

5.

<

8. t6

3.

J: t;

6. i-J

9.

~ -t ,;:

-t 6

10.

\ \ -t ('

13.

Li.:l

11.

\\<

14.

!if.ct

12.

~6

15.

IJ' ;;{_ 6

B. Let's sing ate-form song! (Battle Hymn of the Republic) B!] K06-09

.P

1.

2.

i-:i-r

J: Iv T

tt.z.;:

IJ'\\-r

(t-t

L i.:i LlvT
Gt-tlvT
t+ L -r \ \ -t (' \ '-Z\ 'T

Gt

J: t;
IJ'

.P

i-J

Gt 7

<

-:J

-r

,J.;.,.{_,fJ..

u-verb

7-:)6

-:J

lvT

(repeat twice)

-t

L -r

u-verb

C. Make polite requests.


Example:

-k-ili:ro
8 /f''IC ll/v

-r.
~:t..
'(!"' PO

.:

te-form

B!] K06-1
L

-r\.

<

lifo:

Ex. Please speak Japanese.


1.

t-:i-r

te-form

t;.;:.v.:i

-r

t6

Please stand up.

2. Please listen.
3. Please read the book.
4. Please look at me.
5. Please bring the textbook.

t: ><"-

\ \o

<

\ \ -r

('

\ 'T

6. Please teach me kanji.


7. Please return my book.
8. Please speak slowly.
9. Please come with me.
10. Please call me tomorrow.
11. Please bring your friend.

E. Pair Work-Make your own request, such as "Please stand up" and "Please
take a picture," and ask your partner to act it out.
Example:

A: ::7-t-~jk,.{,T<
(/)

t:-~~

10

--+

B pretends to drink coffee.

A.

You are staying with a host family. Ask your host family for permission to do
the following things.~

K06-11

Example:
1.
2.

l:(J:ti;&-J

-t

~fMY:>6
11:'

4.

:12! < 9W 6

5.

z: t: t; f

:I!;tL T < 6

--~ f f:ij]!';

<

3.

im, / -r

r;-

t5B-rl6
iii>

iii>"

6.

};-'(-

n'"-

I: t

B"'n'<

7.

~'

ttlf.l'(t6
-(

8. /""'{') ~ / f 1~ 7

".'.)

9.

~-*
f{-1}
,z,
n'
L -C

-:in'

')

L'<>

B. What would you say in the following situations? Make sentences with ~"Lt,L,)
l., Yc91.J'.
1.

You are in class. You realize you need to go to the bathroom as soon as possible.

2. You are in class. You feel sick and want to return home.
3. You have forgotten to do the homework. You are sure you can bring it in tomorrow.
4. You want to ask your teacher something, but you cannot phrase it in Japanese.
5. You have run into a celebrity. Conveniently, you have a camera with you.
6. You and your friend are in a dark room, and you feel somewhat uncomfortable.

C. Pair Work-Ask your partner if it is all right to do the following things.

t: ( r : f '?&-t 7
__. A t: ( ;f : f '?& ~
-t

Example:

B
1. ~'

T t \ \ \ \ T-t f.l' o

;{. ;{. , \ \ \ \ T-t cl: o t'' 7 -i'' o / -t ;,,. i -1 tC o t;

~~1Jff.l'lt6

-c,z, ;b
2.~/f{-1}')6
J:"'

n'

3.

~f~(t6

4.

7 t- t' f

11:'

iii>

-J

It 6

5. (your partner's name) ~ tC 0) ~~ii f 1~


-c,z, n

-:in'

6. (your partner's name)~ ,.(,0)-tf~&l:>ff <


A,,

-'?'

l,\

J: ~ t .... o

A.

You are a strict parent. Tell your child not to do the following things using the
cues in II-A.

Example:
B.

G!JK06-12

T t- t' f Jl 6

-+

v t' f

Jl T Ii\' !ti -\::t lvo


~

Tell the class what we can and can't do at school and at a place you live.
Example:

~t(Tf:lf':::

tJ'-? ::_ 1

f'?&.--::iTli\'(ti-l::tlvo
..,

;t;A ~77 ~ 1)-(J)-)


(host family)

i;T~/-rr;-f)sr./Tt\'\'T-to
;Ii,~

;Ii,

C. Pair Work-Ask your partner if it is all right to do the following things.


Example:

~jiT~~i;
f l.i'!t 6
1:: l; n'lv
-c 1v ;,
-

A:

~jiT~~f
/:: l,;n'/v
-C/vb

B:

ll\',

\ '\ 'i,

l.i'!tT t \ '\ 'T-tl.i'o

~~fl.i'!tTt\'\'T-to/
b

-(Iv

~~iib f l.i'!t T Ii\' tt i -tt Iva

-(Iv

1.

JIHt;fl
T t. If' ::: f '?..,&. 7
o ::_ 1 ~

5.

2.

77AT~6
,,

6.

3. ::: :::

T-:i-t-fj_kt;

~jiT~"6
/:: l;n'lv
t:

~i3t"'-*
f:i!;ft l < 6
\.'lb.

ll-?.::.-)

7. ;h -t-J.

-?

f: (]) 00 T-t< 1:

IJ)

4.

~~T~ii-t
1:: l;n'lv
1J:t.:

1\.Jl

l$-jli0

~,,

(])A Ii
(}/::

t?5fili fix r;
~It

IJJ

A. Look at the pictures below and combine the pictures using te-forms.

G!]Ko6-13

Example:
(1)

oo
DO

oo

(2)

(4)

B.

(5)

Change the following into te-forms and make the rest of the sentences.

1.

s: t: t

2.

7t1:~6

3.

~Jli f ~B

I: t

(J)

I: it,,

<

4.

}J:t:-;1:%7
I: t

;Ji,

1:A.6

5. };j\g
.s.

iJ';i,_

1)

(;j:\,~

-(,t.,l,>0

C. Pair Work-Make questions using the following cues. When you answer, use

~-c.
~ L

f:(J)~
.u,

__.

A : ~ L

Example:

l.~8(J)~

3.

.t~

Mf

Li

-t ~'

4.

~ (J)

(,:IC

.t~

~ J: -}

2.

t: (J) ~,

~ L

f:(J)~

~ (J)

5.
;Ji,C<

(J)~
;Ji,:<

6.

(J)~

*
*

.t~

~
11! (J) L~?
11! ;!'-::>
::_;..., ltP-J
7t; 11! (J) LH
11! 1-:>

-tt;., L H

~6~H

A. Add reasons to the following sentences.

1.

7't 11! ( ;t t.: .1.i,..-......1v


;Jt T L t. o

-tt/vLtP-3

2. ;}, <7) 8*_@)


;{. \,\ iJ:

3. cl:
4. ~

'f Ji i -1 ,(,

< S <7) t- A
<7) -)

J-;.

~ 7 /I:: ff~
,, i -9 o

7 7 A 'f 1*.H i L
'('-t

t:

5. (name of a friend) fJ{*ff ~


tee' -t

B.

-c-r

Pair Work-Ask each other why you think the following.


~ :'jR 'f ~"""i -1 ,(,0

Example:

t:

U'!b

IVv

-+

A : ;fL. (;t~ :jR 'f ~-"" i -1 ,(,o


bt: t,

U'!b

li/v

tc

B : t: 7 LT T-97J'o

A : ~ i 'J t;~IJ{i:, ') i -1 ,(,iJ' Go B ~ ,(,(;t?


i.l'ti

B : ;fL. t ~ :jR 'f ~-"" i -1 ,(,o 7 7


ot: l

1.

~11!
(;t*:Jt T-9
.:.1vL~P-J
t::.t'"'lv

U'!b

li/v

t:

2. (name of a place) IJ{t:f ~ T-9 o


-t

3.

11!*-,
lo?;l''J

(name of a movie) 'f )ti


Ji-

-9 o

4. (name of a celebrity) fJ{ ~ G \ 'T'-9 o


5. j:;~fJ{-tf,(,-tf ,(,;}, ')

i -1 ,(,0

n'ti

8 *-?o'f~1~ L

6. *-~l;t
,;,c,ti/v

7.
8.

1: li/v .:

'"-lvcd

*-11!,
(nameofaplace)
0t'L~?
~if'f ~ \ \ i -r
l -C Iv l
ii
0

<'

i-1 0
l::ff~ i-90
I.'

fJ{ i:>

1)

i -9 iJ' Go

161

A.

Pair Work-Propose to do the following things, using

Example:

A : -T t- t' ~5%
Li L
It

J:

*G

-IJ'o

B : -th i-1 ,{,o "hU\ \Li-to/\\\\

t:-\ \

;t,

ti~'

(3)

(6)

J: 31J'. G!] K06-14

(1)

(2)

(7)

(8)

L: J: 7 ,;:--c-t

~6~>H

B.

163

Pair Work-Make a conversation in the following situations.


Example:

You and your partner are in a room. Your partner looks hot.

___.

A : ~
~ Mltt
i L J: 7 -IJ'o
;<I:'
&,
B : lf> 1) IJ-i: z 7 o t:;~\' L i -to
lJ:iJ'

You and your partner are in a room. Your partner looks cold.

1.

2. Your partner is going to have a party.


3. Your partner has trouble with Japanese homework.
4. You are talking with a Japanese(= your partner) in English, but he doesn't seem to
understand English.
5. You come into a room. The room is dark and your partner is studying there.
6. Your partner forgot to bring glasses and cannot read the menu on the wall of a
restaurant.

*c6b0)**1

tlfv l.,tii-S

(Review Exercises)

A. Role Play-Play the roles of A and B with your partner.


Example:
Example-A
You are short of money and want to
borrow some money from your
friend.

A :-th.i-1,.{.,-IJ\

1:>~~{-t}l)Tt\'\'T-9-IJ'o
:iJ'lJ

t:;~T-9-IJ'o

lf> L f: !i:iz. t: -t; O)~

l:t

t..

tc!vt;11.f

;fL- t 1:>~-IJ{ lf>


Mel

:/J'

t 7 LT o

7J'lJ

Example-8
You don't have money to lend to
your friend because you went on a
trip last week.

1)

8 T-t iJ' Go
i -1 ,.<. ,o 7C ii!, ~At t:::ff ~ i L

:iJ'lJ

-\t/vL~1

1; ~.:: ')

''

t. iJ'

Go

(1)

1-A
You have a date tomorrow and want
to borrow a car ( < 6 i ) from your
friend.

1-B
You just bought a car ( < 6 i ) and
don't want anyone to use it.

(2)

2-A

2-B

You lost your Japanese textbook,

You have a big test in Japanese and

but you need to study for a test

need your textbook to prepare for

tomorrow.

the test.

(3)

3-A

3-B

You are now in your friend's house.

You just baked a cake ( 7 - .:.t-) for

You see a cake ( 7 - .:.t-) that looks

your mother's birthday.

very delicious. You love cakes.

Your friend is in your house now.

B. Answer the following questions.


1. ~B>f,,
~lvlilv

2.
3.

~:fjtTM~
I: L.til'/v

5.
6.

"""-c

~'?&."? 1' t \ '\ 'Ti"'h'o


T

!ion'

:k~(:::fPJ ~# "? l ~i "th'o


tcc'n'<

J:

<

t.:1:

~jfi(:::*

-c'!vL>t>

J'c~,

-ttlvlA-i

7.

(Answer with

LTll\'(ti-l:L{,h'o

to:I:

~jfi<l)o/-tf.:lf'::
-c'!vL>t>

4.

M~
Li i"'h'o
t.:1:

i i"'h'o

i~~~;tti

Lf.:h'o

b"9

L~U.:'c'

-1-f~(J)*,
~ l:'t

I)
0)

~:: T1Qllli

I:";

iJ;,f-

<

8.

-1-f~(J)*,
.; 1: t
1: c;

J:

9.

~:fjtTJ:

< /.f. ~,ftn

I: L .t n/v

ll'lv

r.,

1?~~,<..,~-t-fi\'i
niJ;,
-c -c; t:
1)

i-th'o

Lf.:h'o

""'o")

Useful Expressions

Directions
i -:> -t ('ff<
(go straight)
,,

i 1: liBf.l'
6
;!'

1t f5/t6
t>tc

[i't,'1)

h-i?

(turn left)

.=.-J

,;,fc

ilJ

(cross the street)

O)~ f
iJ/:_'

--J

0)1~f

(}/:_

i1J

Liv.::~

i 1: liBf.l' 6

;t 1: liBf.l' 6

(turn left at the


second corner)

"""

in: '!

irF

--~

(turn 1
right at the
first traffic light)

)t
!!tc

(north)

!
(left side of

\ itO)~~~

ilO)*)~~

(right side of
the street)

the street)

--r---

1fn'L

(west)

(east)
ij

l;ftl;

(south)

A : -th. i -1 ,{,o ~f~f.ij (;t t'': Ti"f.l'o


.P~U'/v~l(

Excuse me, where is a post office?

i -:> -t ('ff-:> T, .==_ -J

<

"""'

f:_ ~ \

'o

0) ~

lb

i)/:_'

~{~f.ij (j:;f)~~ I:~


'1J~tf/v~;(

f ;51: liBf.l'-:> T
;,.~

1) ii" J:

h-~';IJ<;b

Go straight and turn right at the third corner.


The post office is on the right.

A : t''-) t ~ 1) I.I' t 7 :" ~- \ ' i -to


Thank you very much.

1: L

( m7~

~TI~O)~~

0
2A.

Sue is showing a picture of her family to her roommate, Michiko.

-:

;t;to

hi;

::: :

A. - ~ ,.(, l::t t:'' *1.. Ti"

:*1..Ti"o

A.

~*5(<7)%=(::t~IJ't.l~IJ'(t(\\i

IJ' t:)\ \ \ \Ti" t.l o

:::

7J..;.-f;::

*1..l::t)( Ti" o 7 ~ 1) 17 <7)~{1:::f/J~ (\\ii"


i>'C'L'<'

tffJ'~<(,
-It

IJ'--:J=\\\\Ti"t.J.o

;{_;{_o :k'r1J(;J:~~L (\\ii"o


<biJ

;': /:'{,

10

11

h-/;:::

1t.-,::1v

i'.J'/:

iJ;i_

~'/7JJ,,J:::1i,.CT\\ii"o
''I

~/v~C'

--:J,

:*1.,(;J:j:;:/($~,.(,Ti"IJ'o

::=_fiN.Ti"o

I}

-f J Ti"IJ'o
Tt,

-:>I:

tci>'

-'J-{}~IJ'-A\\ii"o

Ll:o

I: 2'

.; ? ;: ?

::: :
:

IJ' o

t,t,

7J

Family Picture

s hi;

fa'if;'\
\ i i"t.J.o
iJ;:

-/;.t--:Jt::i:.--:J(\\ii"t.lo
,;,1:

1-

K07-0l/02

~7~ 167

@ Michiko's

phone rings.

K07-03/04

L , h. -t; : ~ Iv, ~M ~ L T \ \ i -th' o


t. '1 i'J:(:

$iJt:: M t L T \ \ i -tl- Iv o ~, /Z - ~ Iv 0) ~Ji ~ Jl T \ \ i -t o

rZ-:::>

;iJ::i:

L-.>\> Liv

i..\;t

-1:- 7 T-t h' o t; t L ;; \ \ D V D ~ 1t


7' 1 - 7' 1 7' 1 -

iJ'

i L

s;

t: h' G , l

fr

--.>

t: G Jl I ::

*-i-tl-/vJJ'o

4
5

1)

l-;. -t;

l-;. -t;

=:

\" \\ \T-tno

=:

t 1;7>0
t '\" ;t, -t

/Z-

('ff~

~Iv t-~l::;ff--.> T t \
\. '-'.) L.t

i-t

1\

\T-th'o

l'

CD
Michiko: Is this your family picture, Sue?
Sue: Yes.
Michiko: Which is you?
Sue: This. I was wearing glasses when I was in high school.
Michiko: You are cute.
Sue: This is my father. He works for an American company.
Michiko: He is tall and good-looking.

Is this your elder sister?

Sue: Yes. My sister is married. She lives in Seoul now. She has one child. He is three years old.
Michiko: I see. Oh, there is a cat. But he is a little fat.
Sue: Yes, because he eats a lot.

Robert: Hello, Michiko, what are you doing now?


Michiko: I'm not doing anything especially. I am looking at Sue's pictures.
Robert: I see. I have borrowed a funny DVD, so if you like, won't you come to see it?
Michiko: That sounds good. Is it all right if Sue comes with me?
Robert: Of course.
Michiko: We'll come right now.

;,.

~E

Wv

61

Pi::!

tcfu

Nouns

* ;f:i ;fl
1 /'~-

(my) older sister


apartment
younger sister

\\t7t:

7 t:

song
grandfather; old man

t;C:\\~,.{_,
j:; t:

t:
t;t::o:>Ut:
t;I:\\~,.{_,

younger brother

j:; ;fl ;{_ ~ ,.{_,

older sister
grandmother; old woman

man
older brother

j:;(f';f:i~,.{_,
j:; ,.{_, -t.J. 0)

o t:

woman

* fJ'\\ L "<'
* fJ'Jf' <
fJ'h~ .J:

company
family
hair
brothers and sisters

7 t:\ \

< ~

<

mouth
country; place of origin
car
game
convenience store

1:

<~i
J-j'-L..
'::J/t'.::...

+T- '7

J[,-

<

t:"

L .J:

~'.t

* ~ ~
)(
* DVD c-r1-717"1-)
(l(l
-BJ

club activity
cafeteria; dining commons
(my) father
DVD
(my) mother
eye
glasses

l,,\ ~
;f:i

a d j e c t i v e s

t. i fJ'\ \ \ \

mH'\ \ \ \

bright; smart; clever

if fJ{~ \ \
1f 1J{1t. \ \

(conjugates like \ \ \ \)
cute
tall (stature)
short (stature)

~\

long

*fJ'h\\\\

* -lfJ{f::. fJ'\ \
-lfJ{lj < \ \
-f.J. f}{\ \

* Words that appear in the dialogue

K07-05

fast
short (length)

~-adjectives
L ,<_, -1 -:> (f.i.)
"'. ,{_, I) ( -f.1.)

~ tJJ
1~)f lj

kind
convenient

U-verbs

7 t: 7

to sing ( ,. . ._, f)
to put on (a hat) ( ,. . ._, f)

f.i',): 6

9;06
9;o -:i ""( \ ' i -t
9;P I) i -Ii ,{_,
{it;

L6

L-:i"t\'i"t
L 1) i -1 ,<_,
* -t t;

Ii<

to get to know ( ,. . ._,

f )

I know
I do not know
to live ( ,. . ._, 1:-t

,{, """(''\ 'i -t)

to put on (items below your waist)

c-~f)
* .), t 6
,),
t

-:> ""( \ \

to gain weight
to be on the heavy side

i -t

Ru-verbs
* (&f>f.l{;f-Jf)1Ht6
~6

to put on (glasses)

to work for ( ,. . ._, I:

to put on (clothes above your waist)

( ,. . ._, f)
-:>

&>':>

}(>-1 6
}(> -1 ""( \ \ i -t

-:>

&>':> ""( \ '

to lose weight
to be thin

Irregular

* lt-:i:::. -t 6
Adverbs

to get married ( ,. . ._, t )

and

Other

,....._,I.I{

Expressions
... , but

t +

Mt

not ... anything

,....._,I:,<_,

,....._,;.,,.

o t I)
,), t. 1)

-A.
=-A.

""--:>

[counter for people]


one person
two people
nothing in particular
Hello? (used on the phone)

-f.1.

I:

I:

negative

negative

* t Lt L
* t t7>
* .J: I.I, -:i t: G

$1J 1:

of course
if you like

i -t)

A verbal "re-form," when followed by the helping verb \ '6, means either of the following:1
(a) an action in progress, or
(b) a past event that is connected with the present.

Which of these two senses a given verb is used in is to a large extent determined by the semantic characteristics of the verb. The verbs we have learned so far can be roughly divided
into three groups based on their semantics.
(1) verbs that describe continuous states
(2) verbs that describe activities that last for some time
(3) verbs that describe changes that are more or less instantaneous
We have not seen many Group 1 verbs. So far we only have ~ 6 and \ ' 6. The te-forms of
these verbs are never used together with the helping verb \ ' 6, so we will have nothing to
say about them in this section.
Many verbs belong to Group 2. They include verbs such as ~-"' 6, ~ft; t;, and 1~-:J. When
t:
J:
J'
the re-form of a verb in this group is followed by the helping verb \ '6, we have a sentence
describing an action in progress.
7- - ~,.(_,Ii

4'-~ 1~ LT\' i -to

l.'i...ZA.~

Sue is studying right now.

.t ~

f: t+ L ~ ,.(, !i*?o-0)2f. ~~ft;,.<_, T\ 'i


;{_ !. .:

(i/v

J:

+,

Takeshi is reading a book in English.

You can also use a ,....., ( \ ' i t" sentence to describe what a person does by occupation or by
habit. The first example below therefore has two interpretations: 1. you are teaching English
right at this moment; and 2. you are an English-language teacher (but are not necessarily in
class right now.) The second example means that Mary is in the habit of studying Japanese
(but of course she does not spend 24 hours a day doing so).
;fl- !i*?o ~~;t T \' i -to
.z,, .: ;b L
I teach English. I I am teaching English (right now).
Mel

The distinction between \ ' 6 and <f_, 6 that we learned in Lesson 4 does not apply to this helping verb ~ T \ ' 6 :
you can use ~ T \ '6 both for living things and for inanimate objects.

~7~ .. 171

~T ')-~ 1i.Di-B
Bi'-~~1fa1i
L -C\ 'i-to
;l'\'l:Jo I: li/v t:
AC/v~lJ
Mary studies Japanese every day.

Verbs in Group 3 describe changes from one state to another. If you get married, or Mi~-t
1t0~k
2
6, for example, your status changes from being single to being married. With these verbs,
-r \ ' 6 indicates a past occurrence of a change which has retained its significance until the
present moment. In other words, -r \ ' 6 describes the result of a change. 3

J.ir1t:i.1i*-ili~
L -C\ 'i-t o
Ltc1tlv1t\'
lt0::/v

Professor Yamashita is married.

'(>;j'

Michiko is seated near the window.

Here are some more examples of verbs that are commonly used in the ,...,_, -r \ 1 6 framework.

#-J
t

9;06
L

:i\.6

,;.1:

~-l6

.:A. - ~

(has)

,(.,Ii 1? ~
~
7)1;l

t. < ~ ,(.,#t

-:i

-C \ ' i

-r,

Sue has a lot of money.

J.i r Jlt:i. li-iif ~ 9;o-:>

>(>:J'Ltc1tk1t\'

IJ:IJ:

-r \ \ i

-t

Professor Yamashita knows my mother.

l- t,. ~ ,(.,Ii t; J:
(is overweight)

~-l-C\\6

t :k -:i -C \ 'i
,;.1:

5Ft. <7:> tf; Ii t -Ct ~-l-C \ 'i -to


i>Ht

My younger brother is very thin.

~ T I) - ~ ,(., Ii T ::/ -\"' '/ ~ ~


r c-:

(wears)

+,

Tom is a little overweight.

Mel

(is thin)

-:i

-r \ \ i

-t

""

Mary is wearing/wears a T-shirt.

Among the verbs we have learned so far, verbs such as ~ ~ 6, ff < , ~ 6,


6, h i.l' 6, tl i.l' It 6, :*. 6,
H
ti.i
<
-c
7*6, 7Ei;i, 54-9, ~;tt.6, 111'1) 6, Jlt1J 6, t~.., T < 6, i!n T < 6, #.6~-96, *6, '\"-tt6, :4-6
-r b
I...
(j
p-f
tr
I~
{,
Lt
Iv
.t.
!!:
belong to Group 3. In most cases you can determine whether a verb belongs to Group 2 or 3 by checking if the
verb allows for a phrase describing duration, such as -a'f M. Compare, for example,
lt;, t.: ?)A.
0 ;ft,
I ;1 ~ (!) 7 -a'f
M :$:. "f Mt.t: .Z,. i L f: o
I read a book for an hour yesterday.
bl~L
\' !;, t ti A. IJ. A.
X ;ft,1;1-a'fra'J7EI::: i L f:o
(Ungrammatical, much as the English translation
N;L
t;, c 'IJ'!v L
"I died for an hour" which is also odd.)
~ft: ;t; thus belongs to Group 2, and 7Ei;i to Group 3.
l
3 "
In Lesson 9, we will observe that this result of a change reading is actually not restricted to verbs in Group 3, but
can be associated with those in Group 2 in certain contexts.
4
Note that the sentence does not mean Professor Yamashita is getting married.
5
The negation of 9';o ...., T \ 1 i -9 is 9';o I) i -!::t A,, without the T \ 1 6 formation.
2

l'

-::i

.:

rJ)

<!::

172

~~2i . )()T,;i\iiii

~~6
;b

t? )( ~ A., (;;t~ ~

~~(\\6

I:~

;b

(is awake)

1iA.,
.., T\ \ 6

1it;
..,

(lives in)
fJ}ll) 6
-:>/:

fJ}ll)

-r \ \ 6

-:>/:

-r \ \ i -t

Dad is up and awake.

*~!J:*-*
1!'

f'<

I:~~ H

1::1iA., T\ \ i
T

+,

My family lives in Tokyo.

*h O):k'ijl(;;t

tdcL

(works for)

ti

<l;l>

B *O)~{l::fJ}ll) T \ \
1: li!v

-/J'o'L~

-:>/:

i-t

My older sister works for a Japanese company.

Note that verbs like ft< and *-6 belong to this group. Thus fr-? --C \ \ 6 and*- --C \ '6 in\..'
<
\,.\
5
dicate the current states that result from prior movements, not movements that are currently
in progress. You may want to be careful with what the following sentences mean.
Somebody has gone to/is in China.
Not: She is going to China.
Somebody has come over to visit.
Not: Somebody is coming over.
Finally, a note on conjugation. The helping verb \ \ 6 conjugates as a ru-verb. Thus we have
long forms as in the following example.

affirmative

'*9

present

:5!~-C\.,
t:
He is eating.

past

:5!~-C\.,
l_; ic.
t:
He was eating.

'*

negative

:5!~-C\.,
'*iifv
t:
He is not eating.
:5!~-C\.,
'*iifv c l.;ic.
t:
He was not eating.

To describe somebody who has long hair, one could say:

rt-~ A.,O)~(J:-&\
-/J'h-

\Ti"

Tom's hair is long.

"f,;:1)<

But in fact it would be far more natural in Japanese to say:

rt-~

A.,(J:~"h"-&\
-/J'h-

"1,,:1)<

\Ti"

Tom has long hair. (= As for Tom, he has long hair.)

This applies not only to discussion of the length of one's hair, but to descriptions of a person's
physical attributes in general. See the Parts of the Body section at the end of this lesson for
the name of body parts.

*~\\
tot-;

,j,:S\\

A :S ,.{,Ii

Person A has a body part which is ...

In idiomatic collocations, we also have:

'W'f.l{i%\ \
-It

'W'f.1{1~\ \

tcir

-It

is tall

AA f.l{\ '\ '

t <

tJU

is short

is bright/smart

Te-forms for Joining Sentences

In the last lesson, we discussed the use of verbal te-forms to join sentences. \ v , and tcadjectives and -c-t after nouns also have te-forms, which can be used to combine two
elements to form longer sentences.
The te-form of an v v-adjective is formed by substituting < 't for the final \'The te-form of
a fJ. -adjective and a noun+ T-t sequence is formed by adding -C to the base or the noun.
l, i-adlectlves:

~l,)

irregular:
tJ:-adjectives:

l,)l,'

noun

{,Q)

-+

(tJ:)

-+

82fs:Ac9

-+

TC~

't,

TC~C

! -

82fs:Ac
1: l;!A.L5A.-

1: l>A.t;A.

<

~<-c
'<',-J:<-C
lfA.

lf/d!

+c9:

1,<7)~<7)~~~W!i~
tc

-+

'<'9

})\ \ L \ \T-t

'?'i'

The food at that restaurant is inexpensive and delicious.


;t -T JL-(i ~ ;tt\ \ T,

.J: ii'-:) t: T-t

The hotel was clean, and we were happy.

J.i"f :7'G:i.. Ii 8

'?' LJ:-lt/v-tl-C'

*A. -c

I: liA.,!;A.,

Ii. + ~
.: l:o-o:'.<C'

(' G \ \ T-t

Professor Yamashita is a Japanese and he is about fifty years old.

verb stem+

li::fr<
\,)

If a person moves to another place in order to do something, we can describe their movement and its purpose this way:

destination of movement

l~

f 1 the purpose of movement I IL

The purpose of movement is a phrase consisting of a verb, its object, and so forth.6 Verbs describing the purpose of a movement must be in their stem forms. Stems, as we learned in
Lesson 3, are the part you get by removing i -t from the verbs' present tense long forms.
stems:

.:;::/~- l- 1: 1-h'!i'A,

~]'{\\I 1:ft~
-/J\

i L f::.o

I.'

I went to a department store to buy a bag.


,;<'

1) -

A,!i 8 ::;f.l:

I: li/v

I a ::<f.?o~~5$ LI
I: I;! Iv C:

1:*-i

<r; 0 d

!'<

L f::.o

Mary has come to Japan to study Japanese.

Counting People

The "counter" for people is A., but "one person" and "two people" are irregular: - A. and
l:/v
()'/: IJ
=-A..
s.r: IJ

u t:

') (-J...)
.), f::. ') (::...J...)
~ A, I:: A, (=._;.._)
.J_I: A, (e:sJ...)
::: (::A, (:E...J...)

.; <

1: Iv (-/7.J...)
L t; I:: Iv/ -rJ.- t: I:: Iv ( -l:- A.)
Iii; 1: Iv (!'-..A.)
~ tP -) 1: Iv (1LJ...)
r tP -) I:: Iv ( -t- J...)
6

one person
two people
three people
four people
five people
six people
seven people
eight people
nine people
ten people

{PJ}.._\\i-f"h'o
7J:/v!:/v

You can also use some nouns like Jl'. \ '4~ (shopping) for the purpose phrase, as in
7.l
!,(!)
7, {- l- I::: Jl'. \ '4~ I::: 1T ~ i L t: o
I went to a department store for shopping.
tr

{,f/l

'.

fllF~175

To count people in a class, for example, you can add ,..__,A after the noun and the particle fJ\
1:1v

and say:
person

1J' X A
IC,\,

;ft. 0) 7 7 A I:: ( ! i) A r/ I

l., '*9

7' /A

Pl:L

',i_ f}<'- A\ \
n'<-ttc'
tr ): '!

0) ~

L:!v

i -t

There is one Swedish student in our class.


The place expressions are often followed by I: Ii instead of I: in this type of sentence.

~I~/-t----8
0.,5

Expression

Notes

11fu

~13\ ~mt~ means "to play," "to spend time pleasantly," or "to pay a social call."
;J;;-t

;,-t-

-=f.: 1:1t
<1) A~, J::
(:'{,
t 5

< 1J:.t t!. 't !::: mt(}' i


t

<*J.f-

Lt:..o

)'[;JIN 0) :iiN;KliJR>?. l:mt cf l:{T ~ i L tc;

-t!JvL1tii

Lib-)1-:J

t-)~.1:1

di.>-f

\'

When I was a child, I often


played with friends.
I went to Tokyo to have fun
last weekend.
Please come and see us.

Note that "to play" as used below requires different words.


Sports: to play tennis T .:=.A ~ T 0
Games: to play games 'f- b. ~ T 0
to play cards
l- 7 / 7~T 0
Music instruments: to play the guitar of' 7 - ~ 51f!
o

<

9;0Q/Db'Q ~If you don't know the answer to a question but should have
thought about it, you should say b ~'~ i-lt Iv instead of *D ~ i-lt Iv (see LesL
L.,

son 4 Dialogue 2, for example). *D ~ i-1 Iv in such a context would sound rude,
L
implying that your ignorance on that matter is none of the inquirer's business.

A.

Look at the pictures below and answer the questions.


Example: 0 : ~ 7
A : ~7
Ex.
IJ

(t

1) 1)

,{,(j:1PJ ~LT\\

B!] K07-06

i-9n'a

~A., (;t 7 L- t' ~Jl


,,. T \ \ i -9 a

(1)

~m.,.
-

7d:(:

tr

/ IS:::i

cc

!]

(8)

B.

(9)

Pair Work-What were you doing at the following times yesterday? Be as


specific as possible (where, with whom, and so on).
Example: 2

P.M.

--+

B : ~
tt

t~- -t; t :g:~li T~x:1vod


7~ L -r \ \ i L t:

1. 6 A.M.

3. 10

2.

4. 12:30 P.M.

8A.M.

A.M.

-;

-"'

5. 6

P.M.

6. 8

P.M.

7. 11

P.M.

C.

Class Activity-Let's
student.

play charades. The teacher gives a sentence card to each

One of the students

mimes the sentence.

All other students

guess

what the person is doing and raise their hands when they recognize the action.
The person that gets the most points is the winner.

@ (}:)~~fvlctct:IL:f$fv "CG'*91J'
A. This is Sue's family. Answer the following questions.

B!l

Example:

1.

3? )( ~ ,.{,Li r : I:: 1i ,.{, T \ ' i

3? )( ~ ,.{, I i .::.

..,

3? (rJ1
~ ,.{, Ii
tioi.

r :

Ht? t

I:: 1i.., ,.{, T \ ' i


.,-

-t 1J'

tioi.

liM~
t,:1:

5. J?(rp ~ ,.{,Ii~~
io;i.

Father

ILo -=:;,,

T'\ 'i-t-h'o

!f;~ ,.<., li~~i

Ht?/:

lt-o-=:,t,,

i -t-h'o

LT\'

7.

J?X
~ 1iM~T-th'o
C:-)

8.

!f;~ 1iM~T-t-h'o

hi::?/::

9.

~/v~I.'

J?)( ~,.{,Ii 8 /.f.(7)4{;fl:fh<V> -C


1:-j

1: Ii/,,

7JtL>0

-:J/:

\\;i-t-lJ'o

L -C \ 'i -t-h'o

Mother

~/v~I.'

L -C\ 'i-th'o

lives in N.Y.

6.

3?-lif~
1iM~
L -C\ 'i-t-h'o
t;;J;,
t,:1:

4. J?(rp~

B.

3 - 7

zi: -

2. !f;~ 1i7,J1)fJ1:1i
3.

-t h'
I :: 1i ,.{, -r \ ' i -t
T

1:7

K07-07

works for an American company

48 years old

high school teacher

45 years old

Sister

lives in Seoul

workd for a bank; married

27 years old

Brother

lives in London

student; not married

18 years old

Pair Work-Ask your partner's family and fill in the blanks below.

M~T-t-lJ'
M
~ L -C\ 'i-th'
7d:Jv~I,.\
~(:::
j?)(~,.{,
1:-j

j? ./if ~ ,.{,
;l;il;

j?JL~,.{,
1:1.>

j?J(rp~,.{,
tioi.

!f; ~ ,.{,

Ht? t

~ ~ ,.{,
tLH

z; I:: 1:
L -C\ 'i-t-h'
.., ,.{,T\ 'i-th' ~~
lt-o.:: A,

A.

Describe the physical characteristics of the following people.

@!] K01-os

Example:
(2)

(3)

(5)

B. Look at the picture below and answer the questions.

@!] K07-09

Example: 0 : J..i EB ~ ,.(, ( l -\'"' -l T \ 1 i -9 h' o


vi

i:

A: (l\1,
1.
2.

J..iEB~,.{,(;i-\"-lT\1i-90
r:

vi

J..iEB~,.{,(;il\.-:)T\1i-9h'o

vi

t:

,;,1:

J..iEB~,.(,(;tT :/-t<l~~T\1i-9h'o

'<Cit!_

71-

6J1J~,.(,(;t1PJ~~T\1i-9h'o
J: Ub
to:I:
!J
4. J..iEB ~ ,.{,(;t /-/:A-~ (l\ 1T\1 i-th'o
3.

vi

5.

r:

sJlJ ~ ,.{,(i&'>h{;tl ~h'ltT\

i-th'o

J:Ub

~#-:)T\1i-9h'o
t
7. J..iEB ~ ,.{,(;ilf'h{f%\ 1T-9h'o
vi to
-it
ten'
8. sJlJ ~ ,.{,(;ilf'h'1l&\ 1T-9h'o

6.

sJlJ~,.{,(ih'~
J:Ub

J: [.,iJjo

-It

U-(

9. J..iEB ~ ,.{,(;t~h'-t{\
vi

10.

to

iJ;,.

>:i:i!'

T-9h'o

6 JlJ ~ ,.(, (;t h{1J' ~ \ 1 T-9 n' o


J:liJb

{!)

Jc,c

sJll
J: LiJb

C.

Look at the picture below and describe each person.

Example:

7j(Jj

,,..,.

(1)

~Iv (i (f 7 L !- n'.)~-:> T \' i

+,

D. Class Activity-One student describes another student without mentioning the


name. The rest of the class guesses who the student is.
Example:

~n{~\'T-to T :/-r'Y!-~T\'i-to
fiJj.

Ji.t.:fi

f-1-

"

A. Make sentences using two adjectives.


Example:

2. h. t; .; ~ Iv
3.

~ tu '-r,.: /-\" ~ L \ '

-tfn{~\'/n'-:>=\'\'
-tt
tcfi
- ff-n'-rJ./::k ~ \,

t~itL~lv
l-

4. 1 / ~-

Lt'

5.

*fr#.MR.
(Bullet Train)
L!vfi!v-ltlv

6. A. - ~

Iv

7. ~h(7) 00 (7) A. McL

(I:

U'i:

titi

!!Ji. n{\

Mo1

:it\ '/
/j:'(>

'\

1~*1J

<

IJ

-fJ.

'/~;tJJ-fJ.
L/v-tt-::i

5t 'A -tJ. / I :: ~- -\" n' -tJ.

lf/v"

B!] K07-10

-/-/A.

.. !-(l\'l\'i-llvo

B.

Looking back on your childhood,

Example:

make sentences using the given cues.

GlJ Ko1-11

next-door neighbor - tall & kind


t -fJ.' I)

--+

0)

A. ( ;t if h { ~
&t

~~

<

1. father

quiet & good-looking

2. teacher

big & scary

3. house

old & not clean

4. classes

- long & not interesting

5. friends

kind & interesting

6. school

lively & fun

7. homework -

L~~~

difficult & tough

8. myself

l ' ~;l:JJ T L f:

small & cute

C. Describe the following items using two or more adjectives.


Example:

my mother
--+

~(;t~;fl\'T~~

L\\T-to

l;l:li

D.

1. my hometown

4. one of my family members

2. my country

5. Japanese people

3. my Japanese class

6. people of my country

Pair Work-Answer the following questions using two or more adjectives.


Example:

l::*._h{\

\,';{_

l.'o'J.

--+

A :
B

\ i -t "h'o / t''/v-fJ.':*.. T-t "h'o

*- 1::*..h"\

l.'i..

I.'~

\ i -t h'o

\.'iJ.

(;t\ -,

A : t''A,-t,i::F..
,,., T-t h'o
B: 1J\~
-!; \'

A : -f

<

T,

h'tJ\\\\T-to

T-th'o

~7~ .. 181

2.

1. t''::: h'

!'<

i L f: >.

t'',.{.J,fl!IJ (00) T-t h'o


1t,

:J"t "'? ""( \ \ i -9 b>;

/"~')':I/!

< 1:

/ t''/v-fJ.' /{')':I/

T-9 h'o

3.
4.

ff-~
-.-

-tJ. A. h{\ '


u-t

i -th'

t'' Iv -tJ. A. T-t

a /

u-1::

i!!*-M t L i L t: o>; /

t'' 7 TL

LP'i 1-:::>t,:I:

o:

t: h'o

Sue is going to the following places to do the things below. Make sentences
like the example. G!] Ko1-12
Example:

*~ -

""'i
--+

h'.): ~(Kabuki)!

1::

Jl.6
~

:7.- ~ /v(i *~I::


~d

h'.;: ~ ! Jtl::1t~
i-t
~
,,

-7-F!1-tr'J6
lllv
-~=--~!~~6
U'ih
IJ:lv
t:
- t;iJ-tt
~
7
l

1. ~"f:jf;

i}>

/:: Ld'lv

2. ~~

L; < l:'-j

3.

~1!
!,',]
.p-j[f!v~;(

4.

~IE
.:.-);{./v

5.

ii:.t t:' t; if) 7 t. - ~ 7Si -t 6

6.

lllJ
;<t,

7.

7'/{-

8.

i%;fX

t;\

~?

C:

.r<.!v~ J: ')
:;It;_ "'
X:a!I-~)'\

ii,{-

<-:)!~7
iJ'

-*~!~;t6
BL
;iy

.::-).::-)

.::

- ":J-t-!~kt' a:
B. For what purpose would you go to the following places?
1. ':I /

2.

**
t-Jed

t:' -=- I ::

l::fi~i-90
,,

1::

1::1-f~i
L f:a
,,

3. ~"f:jf;

/:: LJ: iJ'lv

4. *-1::
~ ;{_
\

5.

*~1::
tee,.,,,<

1::

l::fi~i-90
,,
l::~IJ
i-90
i)>j__
L f:o
1::*i
!'<

C.

Pair Work-Look

at the pictures below and practice the dialogue with your

partner.

A : ~ t,, :S A.Jlii..t:'i;q)
7i;1::Mt,:1: ~ L 1::ff,, ~ i-th'o
I: t

Example:

B : &;-f
~lll::ff\,' ~ i-t o
Ex. to play (have fun)

( 1) to borrow

Tom

Paul

Ken
(4)

( 3) to buy souvenir

(2)

(5)

~ODD

O 0 D

temple
Mary

Maria

Yoko

Pair Work-Ask your partner the following questions.

A:

Example:

:::q)'ffB1::3{q)J...n{MJ...\'ii""h'o
r-;

V'C

}.;/vlj:

!J.:/v(:/v

B : =._J... \ 'i -to


,;,fc 1)

1. .;

q)cffB1:: }') q)J...n{MJ...\


c-;

2.

"(>

/;/:;:

1!'/:

:::q)'ffB1::
r-;

.>(->

(nationality)
3.

.;

q)'ffB1::~h{~\
->;

4. .;

"(>

"';,.

>d:-/J'

'i-th'o

'd:/vl:/v

J...h{MJ...\'ii""h'o
L::/v
i'J./v(:/v

'J...n{MJ...\ 'i-th'o
()'/:

>d:!vl:/v

q)'ffB1:::7t'A
1-J.J...n{MJ...\
'i-th'o
lf/v e.
()'/: 'd:/vl:/v
r-;

"(>

A. Answer the following questions.


1. t: : I :: 1itC T \ '
T

-t -IJ'

2.

~~LT\'ii"h'a

3.

~.ifi/.ifi~#-:>T\'ii"h'a

4.

8*0')~~~P-:>T\'ii"-IJ'o

lt-o~!v

L -ClvL<>

1: li!v

Oi'

0 tc

5. +T-71t,,1:A.-:>T\'ii"h'a
6.

B*-?oOJ7t;~li~81PJ~~T\'ii"-IJ'/li\'T\'ii"-IJ'a

7.

)L~-IJ'\ \ i i"-IJ'o -fPJA\ \ i i"-IJ'o

I: li/v .:

";"0 7):1:

-\t/v-\tC'

;'.<

'd:lv{:Jv

~J:~t.:i.1

8. }; X ~ tC / };-tV ~ tC Ii t: : I:: ifJ &') T \ ' i


I: 0

7J'Ji)

-:>!::

-t -IJ'

9. }; L: \ ' ~ ,.{_, / }; I ;f ch ~ tC ( i t: : I :: 1itC T \ ' i


T

10.

-t -IJ'

-J-1~0J*,
~lfi ~#-:> T \ 'i L t: h'a
~ l::'t
I::!\
L -C/vL<>
t

11. ~t(OJ*,
~ 0 .; 0

I:: ";

B*?o~~o-:>T\'i
1: Ii Iv .:

Lt.:h'a

B. Class Activity-Show a picture of your family to the class and describe it.

2. Referring to yours

1. Referring to
other families

A. formal

B. informal

Father

s:Y:6fv

:Y:
<;<;

s:Y:6fv

s:Y: 6fv/1\1\

Mother

st6fv

st6fv

st6!v/??

5[.
il'>IO

s6fv
1:1,.1

s5\'!'fv

~IP

s~m 6

I:?

IJ>lh

(:I.'

s~m 6

Older sister

ti:<.

n,

t;l:?I:

~\{,?

::EA./~
.t:>-:>C

l,$~A

s t.;;1,16

ti:<.

Yit

--

tC.fvt:I./7 "!:>(])A.,

fv

LJ>I:

etc.
ts<

J:/l.l

etc.

st6fv
l);f,

t.El.:Y:

s t.;;1,16

t.El.Bt

s(i'il!> 61v

-t

s:Y:6fv
I:?

~ 6/v/9* 6/v,

f.;.l.1

s(i'il!> 61v

Grandmother

s~IP"!s\'!'!v
--

*l*l/~
tr
-o;<

ts(

Grandfather

n,

l,$~A

~6/v

Wife

(:1,,1

l.1'5?

~'::)..

Husband

ti:<.

l);f,

t;l:?I:

M:t 6 Iv

Younger sister

I:?

l);f,

il'>ti

~ 6 Iv

Younger brother

I:?

{11;t

s 6 1v

Older brother

3. Addressing
yours

Iv

st.;;1,15\'!'fv

s(iil!>!S\'!'fv

f: '"

Child

-) 5 (])T-

sT-61v

--

There are many other kinship terms in addition to those listed in the table above. Equal or
younger members of your family can be addressed by their given name instead of the kinship term. As the table indicates, the term used for a particular type of family member varies
according to the following situations:
Speaking about somebody else's family

1.

2-A. Speaking about your own family in a formal situation, such as a job interview
2-B. Speaking about your own family in a casual situation
3.

Speaking to your family

A:ffi$6/v(J)s:Y:6fv~00-T9~o
t:

t?

f,;.f)

B : [formal]
[informal]

How old is your father, Mr. Tanaka?

t.;.A..~1,1

:Y:(i.n+T9o
t:

-S'S

My father is 50 years old.

i;~.,;;1,..1

s:Y:6fv(in+T9o
t?

~[;fl,.,~\,\

You can also address members of your family with the terms that the youngest member
~ould use. For example, a wife can call her husband s~ 6 fv or 1\1 \,and a mother can call
her oldest son s52, 5-\'!' fv.
(:1,1

Mother: s 5C. 5-\'!' fv,


(;::t,1

s :Y: 6 Iv t.f~i!i-::i T \, 1 i 9 J: o
t?

Son (literally, older brother), your father is waiting.

Useful Expressions

Parts

of

the

Body

6":>()

<

~ t. i

Cm)

t;tl (~)

-tt -rJ., n,

ctr i:f)

~ L (~)

t;(o)

( m8~ / L

) \-A:=\=- :iD

t: t t

t: t+
t: tt
t: tt

E!] Kos-01102
L ~ Iv, S L

""' +

t: h. !v -t-J.' T / ,- !<,

A. - ~ Iv t

zz, -

f L i -l Iv I.I'

l- ~ Iv f.l{

CJ/,--

* i 1" o

,;l I

1) -

tt

Iv ~ Iv ti I ; t- / < 1

r I.I { S 6

~~T-ttlo Ml.I'#-:)(\\~
:!'!vlJ!v
;;.:1:
t
M t \ \ G -rJ.- \ \ t ~ \ \ i -t o

7J.;.-f;:

@ Robert is cooking at the barbecue.


J:.-=f-Ti"tlo

1J.;.-f;::

cd -f

;;t ;;t,

t
,, -:) T \ \ i L

i L

J:-)

l <

*- T1t<

IJ;-j

1)

-::)

IJ

i 1" o

:k~a0 i L J: -) l.i'o
lit

S -:) , i t:-jk i

-t-J.' \ \

T < t:- ~ \ \ o

0)

,;t I
1) -

:i! <
Bf-

h. !v -rJ.-

<

t .~
\ \ i 1" o

E!] KOB-03/04

!<,

t:

r ~ lvli;f'f-:!1"60)f.l{~~
T

CJ/\--

1,.,x_

*6

-;

Mf.l'-=f-1~\
\ i L J: -J l.i'o
;;.:1:
-c -st:
t -\'"' s, r < r f-l:JJ-:) -r < t:- ~ \ \ o

3 J.;.-f;::

,;t I

Iv t

:B t

;&.(:

!<,

tt!v~!v(i?

sJ.;.-f;:
6

3J

\\\\Ti"t:J.o f_:';tlf.l{*-ii"f.l'o

3J.;.-f;:
4

Barbecue

At school.

1J.;.-f;:

L -\'"'

1) -

Iv t *- 6 t -:)
<

v-

-t-J.- -:)

T 1" h. i -l Iv o

s,

~;ff !
;/)'/vl;fC'

-r \ \ i

L t: I.I' Go

Ti"l.l'o

Bt

msfil!l

Michiko: Takeshi, would you like to have a barbecue party tomorrow?


Takeshi: That's nice. Who will come?
Michiko: Sue and Robert will come. I think Mary will come, too.
Takeshi: How about Ken?
Michiko: Ken said he had a part-time job.
Takeshi: Too bad. Shall I bring something?
Michiko: I think nothing is needed.

Michiko: You are good (at cooking). Do you like cooking, Robert?
Robert: Yes, I often cook at home.
Michiko: Shall I help you with something?
Robert: Well then, cut the tomatoes, please.

*
Robert: Shall we start?
Michiko: Don't drink yet. Mary said that she would come.
Mary: I'm sorry for being late.
Everyone: Well then ... Cheers!

,,,

H 1s7

B!l
V

KOB-05

Nouns

<h~-?l

the day after tomorrow

<h 66

rain

n'\\L-\"\\,.{,

office worker

tJ ,;( 7

camera

tJ7::t7

karaoke

< 7 ~
It~
::: < If',.{,

~~

air

~im

this morning

~AR

blackboard

.; ,.{,If-:>

~}3

this month

L .: t:

1*

job; work; occupation

:k~:i.

college student

~~f~

weather forecast

?JT

place

< {t\ \
-r ,.{,~ J: 117

t:'\

\-Q{

t: .; .;

r<

tomato

l-

-f.._, -:>

-f.._, 1:

summer

h'

something

/-\-j-1-

* /~--""'~
Ii L

party
barbecue

.:z_-

chopsticks

,), rP

winter

;t-i-:;?;j-1

homestay; living with a local family

;i\\LI'))-)

every week

G \ 'tf-:>

next month

tJ:~adjectives
* c: J: 7 -r- (-f....)

.I; .=f-

skillful; good at

("" -Q{)

"' t:. c _,.._,)

r .t-

clumsy; poor at

( ""n{)

rP 7

~ i;

famous

66 \ \ (-f.J.')

U~verbs
<h 66 n{.;, 6

<h G 7
* \\7
* \\6

* Words

that appear in the dialogue

jf,j-Q{~{J

it rains

to wash ("" f)

to say
to need ( ,.._,n{)

51(;

:i!! <

* j;.7(- < -f.,1.6


*t;t-J
* ~ 6
* -J < 6
* t-"Jl\\<
Ru-verbs
i.::.;t.::.;h.6
-tl'6
*Lit.::6">6

to be late
to think

1:}]6

to cut (""'

11=6
#-"Jl\'<

to take (a thing) (""'

i.::.;i.::.;~6
~l'6
:kEi 6') 6

Irregular
-JJ...,l'J...,-t6
-tJ: }._, t: < -t 6
227 L::-t6
TA.,h-t6
* ') J: 7 1) -t 6
Adverbs
\ \-J t

-f.,1.

ca ,
~7

"f )
to make (""' "f )
"f )

"f)
to throw away (""' f )
to begin (""' f)
to stare (at . .

) (""'

Verbs
if~-t
55\:;51-t
{W~-t
~~-t6
Jf.1-JI-t
and

6
6
6

f)

to do laundry (""'
to clean (""'

f)

"f)

to call (""' I : )

Other

to cook

Expressions
always

7 7 }._,
7 }._,
*n'J...,lf\'
* ~'J...,;fJ.J..., (T-t*1)
"-'1:-J\\l
* i t: + negative
* J,..J...,-t.,1.T

to drive (""'

uh-uh; no
uh-huh; yes

~;ff
~~ (-C'-t ;fl)

Cheers! (a toast)
That's too bad.
about ... ; concerning ...
not ... yet
all (of the people) together

Short Forms

In this and the next lesson, we will learn a new paradigm of conjugation, which we will call
"short forms.1 " Before we start worrying about their meaning and how they are used, let us
first see what they look like. It should be obvious why they are called short forms. We will
list the already familiar "long forms" to the right in the table below.
Present tense, affirmative
short forms
verbs:
L, v-adiectives:
ta:-adjectives:
noun+cg:

long forms

~rc(}f*g
.J;

:b'bL, )L, reg


~:b'cg
Vf
--

~~Cg
/Ji(itl.'--

Present tense, negative


short forms
verbs:
L, )-adjectives:
tc;J:-adjectives:
noun+cg:

long forms

~re#* tt 1v
.J;

<

:b'bL,' tJ:L, reg


~j:b' t.:;-r-i ta:L, reg
Vf
~~ t.:;-r-i tcJ:L, reg
tJ'(

i:tl.'

The following rules summarize how short forms are constructed.


Verbs and L, i-adiectlves in the affirmative (a above)
---+

same as their dictionary forms

ta:-adjectives and noun+ cg


---+
replace c9 with

in the affirmative (b above)

re.

L, ,_ and tc;J:-adjectivesand noun+ cg


---+

drop cg

in the negative (d above)

after tcJ:L,'

Various names have been given to this paradigm. They include "plain forms;' "informal forms;' and "direct
style:' Long forms, on the other hand, are often called "polite forms;' "formal forms;' and "distal style:'

As noted in Lesson 5, the adjective

\ '\ ' is irregular. Its negative short form is

..J: <

1".1. \ '.

Verbs in the negative need to be analyzed in more detail, because ru-, u-, and irregular verbs
conjugate differently.
Negative short forms of verbs (c above)
ru-verbs: Take the final

~-"Z.Q

-+

to

u-verbs: Take the final

~<

-+

~39
l;f.f,j:

-+

~~"=:)

-+

=U

off and add -anai.

~1J'tJ:l,'
IJ
~3~1J:l,'
l;f.f,j:
~~tc1J:l,'
"t,
~tJ:1J:l,'
~7C~1J:l,'
J;

1'F.Q
?<
~71<
<
t;J;
Dif
i~I
J;
~5
IJ

-+

-+

LJJ:l,'

(.@

-+

-+

tJ:l,' (3)

IJ>

"

.Q off and add 1J:l, '


~-"ZtJ:l,'
to

~~
t,

-+

~7Cct>

-+

J;

-+
-+
-+

1'F
5tJ:l,'
?<
~71<1J'tJ:l,'
t;J;
Dif
I d'.'tJ: l,'
J;
~btJ:l,' (1)
IJ

irregular verbs:

g:Q

t:::tJ: l,'

(2)

exception:

.Q

With verbs in the negative, the following three points are worth noting.
(1) The negative short forms of verbs that end with the hiragana 7 are ,....,,, t:J 1-.1.\ ' instead
of <f:J.1. \ '.2
(2) The vowel changes with the irregular verbs -t 6 and < 6.
( 3) The verb cY:i 6 in the negative is 1".1. \ ', as in iJ' ~ iJ <' 1".1.\ ' (there is no umbrella).
r-

We now turn to discussion of how we utilize short forms. In this lesson, we will learn to use
the short forms in the following four contexts:
In
In
In
In

casual conversations, as signs of intimacy (See 2.)


represented, or quoted, speech ("I think ... ;'"She said ... ") (See 3.)
making negative requests ("Please don't .. ") (See 4.)
expressing ideas like "I like doing .. :'or "I am good at doing .. :' (See 5.)

This suggests that the bases of verbs like jl'. 7 and %


,, 7 actually end with the consonant w. This consonant
remains dormant when the base is followed by the vowel i, thus we have jl'. \ ' i -t, where w is lacking, but it

surfaces with the vowel a following,~ tJ 1-.1. \'This mystery consonant also explains why the te-form of such a

verb has a small ~,just like verbs whose bases obviously end with a consonant, such as t ~ and f~ ~ .

Informal Speech

Two people who are close friends or family members speak with short forms at the end of
sentences, using them as a sign of intimacy. The use of long forms, in contrast, tends to imply the speaker's intention to "keep a proper distance" from the listener. Short forms, then,
are like talking on a first name basis, while long forms are like using "Mr:' and "Ms:'
It may not be easy to decide when it is appropriate to switch to short forms. First of all, Japanese speakers are often very conscious of seniority. A year's difference in age may in many
cases totally preclude the possibility of establishing a truly "equal" relationship. Second,
license to use short forms is not mutual; senior partners may feel perfectly justified in using
short forms while expecting their junior partners to continue addressing them with long
forms. Thus if somebody who is older, say, your Japanese language professor, talks to you
using short forms, they would be greatly surprised if you should return the favor.
Here are a few observations on the grammar of short forms as they are used in casual conversations.
In the casual conversational use of short forms, question sentences do not end with the
question particle iJ', but with rising intonation alone.

c:: ,{_J.,1. 1t ~
Bl"~'<

~ rift <
'

x r ,.c -r.,1.1t~
to!"~'<

~ rift <
!<

fJ, ? )
-

What kind of music do you listen to?


The t: ending of i'J. -adjectives and noun + T-9 constructions (b in the previous section) is usually dropped at the very end of a sentence, or is followed by sentence-final ti.
or J:.
,J

1)

:S ,.C (;t.=_.ff..:.

(: .P/v-t!"\.'

or ,J 7

1)

:S ,.C (;t.=..ff..::J:. t: J:

t; *:J./v-tt"I.'

(Rather than: ,J 7

1) -

:S ,.C (;t.=_.ff..::J:.

1: ~oA,-ttc-

t:o)

Mary is a sophomore.
In casual conversations, 11 \ ' and \ '\ ';{_ are usually replaced by the less formal 7 J..., and

7 7

J...,.

~B~>H

193

To quote a person's utterances or thoughts, you use a clause ending with a predicate in the
3
short form, plus t: .~ \ 'i -t (I think that ... ), t: -:i -C \ 'i L t: (They said".. :'), and so
/;L
''
forth. t: is a quotation particle, which does the job of both the English word "that" in indirect quotation and of quotation marks (" ") in direct quotation.

0
0
0
0

7. - ~ ,.{, Ii , ~ L t: ~~I.I'~ 6 t -:i -C \ ' i L f: o


L ltk

''

Sue said that there would be an exam tomorrow.

( ;fL. ! i) f: l t L ~ A., ! i ~ 7 1 J - ~ A., I.I '*1- ~ t .: t .~ \ ' i -t o 5


btcL

Bt

I think Takeshi likes Mary.

The action in progress expression in I::: ,, ...., T \ ' i L f::. indicates that you were there when. somebody said
that, as in "I heard them saying ... "If you were not there when the utterance was made, as in "(the long dead)
Napoleon said ... ," I::: \ ' i L f:. sounds more appropriate.
4
Note that the present tense in Sue's original utterance is preserved in Mary's report.
5
To say that you don't think something is the case, it is more common in Japanese to say it like ~ i'J. \ ' I::: .~ \ '
i -9 (I think that something is not the case) than r-- I:::.~\' i 1:t A, (I don't think). Therefore:
1-; L
(:f.t,i;J:) FT 1) - ~ A,i;J: f:. It L ~ )...,IJ<ff-~ L:: 'i" i'J.1' I::: .~1 'i -9 o
btL
~
Bt
I don't think Mary likes Takeshi. (=I think Mary doesn't like Takeshi.)

To request that someone refrain from doing something, one can use a negative verbal short
form plus

T < t:' ~ \ -.

t:' ~ \ 'o

:: :: T~J't ~~ G-r-J.'\ 'T <


I:

L<' Liv

Please don't take pictures here.

negative short form

verb

+ c < tC.cl \

Please don't ...

1J'~J=i!c9

Short forms are used in constructions where verbs and adjectives are to be treated as nouns.
Thus ;f.t.. Ii"" n{ff ~ T-t / ~ G \ 'T-t can, besides describing your preference for items devu
T
noted by nouns, such as JIB, also describe your preference for activities, such as swimming,
/JC:
drinking coffee, and studying Japanese. Add (!) to a verbal short form to express the idea of
"doing x"
(;f.t..(i) BJ.j;;.?o-~~1i-t6 (!)n{ff~T-to
/Jl'L

1: l;!!v::::

XC/vod

-9

I like studying the Japanese language.


( ;f.t.. Ii) cg~&~ :ffl}~-t 6
/Jlc L

->;

(1)-IJ{ ~

G \ 'T-t o

i-7 t.:

'<i'

I don't like cleaning my room.


"To be good/bad at doing something" is
bad at ... ). 6
o/\'-

~ ~

,{,(i#J!.~11=6
1)J0

(is good at ... ) and

"'n{r
<:

*
to

T'-t (is

(!)fJ{_tfT"to
cd T

-=><

IJ

"'n".l.*-c-t
cli i'

Robert is good at cooking meals.

t. It L ~ ,{,Ii ~?a-~ ~i;-9 (1)-IJ{r f T-t o


;{_l.\ .:

(j:Jd:"

->;

t:

Takeshi is not a good speaker of English.

To describe one's skills or lack thereof, we also often use a different set of expressions, namely, ~i;< t:

-9 (is comfortable with ... ) and "'-'iJ{ 1: i;{-C -r--t (is uncomfortable with ... ).
;ft. Ii B ;t~ !- ~-9 (!) i;< t: < \ 'T-9 o
I am good at/comfortable with speaking Japanese.
bt~L

!:

ll Iv

.:

11 "-i:

< \ 'T

H~

activity (verb) OJtf.

person Id:

'
~SL,'
_t-
G;j

c9

l'-t:

likes doing ...


doesn't like doing .
is good at doing .
is poor at doing .

r-;

It is a common mistake to use the te-form of a verb in such contexts, misled by the association between ""'""' T \ ' {> and the verb in the -ing form in English.

x t. It L ~Iv li~?o
;Z_l.'

.:

t~t L -Z-h<'T~-C-t
t:
Lt~

r-;

1J'i

Consider what CJ/\'-!--~ ,..{_,(;jj'f~l:ff~


i L f: means. This sentence of course is about
;t?~t:.:'b
Robert and describes what he did. It is likely to be uttered when the topic of Robert has
already been breached. Grammatically speaking, (1) the noun CJ/<- !-- stands as the subject
in relation to the verb
< (he was the person who performed the going), and (2) the noun
"
is, per the function of the particle (;J:, presented as the topic of the sentence (as for Robert,
he went to Okinawa).
l,'

What if we both know that somebody went to Okinawa recently, and I know that it was Robert, but you don't. I will say:
ROBERT went to Okinawa.

This sentence means that Robert went to Okinawa, which in English would be uttered with
an extra emphasis on the name Robert. His identity is the new piece of information provided by this sentence. It is one of the functions of the particle i;<' to ( 1) present the subject
of a sentence in a way such that (2) the noun will "fill in the blank on the information sheet:'
The "blank on the information sheet" is a question word like
tence will fill in the blank left out by:

t:;tt

and M. The above sen;J:1:

t:ttn<'5tf'~l::ff ~ i L f::.-h'o
i:>~ld:'b

l,\

Who went to Okinawa?

As we learned in Lesson 2, a question word that is the subject of a sentence is never followed
by the particle ll, but always by the particle iJ<'. As we have seen, a noun that will provide
the answer to such a question is also followed by the particle iJ<'.

r_'' (}) 7

7 :;-< fr~"h t L 7> \ 'Ti"-IJ'

Which class is (the most) interesting?

8 *?o(}) 7 7 :;-< -/J{j:) t L .; \'Ti" o


1: li/v .:

Japanese class is.


(: (}) 7 7 :;-< T) t:'.rL-/J{<V')-/J{tl ~ -/J'!t -C \ 'i i"-IJ'o
Who wears glasses (in this class)?

J..i '"f 7't~ -IJ{<V')-IJ{;f.J. ~ -IJ' It -C \ 'i -to

'?;t Ltc-tl:lv-trC'-

Projessor Yamashita does .

The word for "something" is M IJ', and the word for "anything" in negative sentences is Mt.
ij.(:

~(:

"Some" and "any" in:


positive statements
questions
negative statements

10J1J'
tJ:(:
10J1J'
I.ti::

1DJ=t:J
+ negative
tJ:(:

something
anything?
not ... anything

These two words are used in places where the particles (i, IJ\ and ~ are expected, In these
contexts, they are used on their own, without the help of particles. We will learn in Lesson
10 what to do in cases where particles other than these are expected.

~i-lJ{M-IJ'#-:i
;,::_

to:I:

-c ~

i L

t.;

The cat has brought something.

i L f::.-IJ'o

~iliM-IJ"'~~
;,::_

fo:I:

i:

Did the cat eat anything?


\ ' \ ' ;t , ~I ;t M
;,::_

to:1:

t ~t: ~ i

-l ,.<., T L f::. o

No, the cat did not eat anything.

ms~H 197
r

~I~/-~9
U-"3

Expression

Notes

11fv

~ 9 Q .,_Mostirregular verbs are compounds of nouns and the verb T 0. If you


have learned an irregular verb, therefore, you have also learned a noun.
verbs

nouns

MH!Tib
,-.{_fv5 J: 1

MH!
....Zlv5J:1

to study

study

fl-~Tib
J: ')

lj .t -j 1)

to cook

cooking

1)

!)

;f4-~

ex. 8 *~ff O)ML ~!Ii~


t: !i/v .:.."

-"./v5 ! ')

t::

L "'-CT o

Japanese language study is fun.


ex.

o;\-

J--2'/vO);f4-~liiJv'Lv'""CTo
iJT1T

Robert's cooking is good.

Some of these nouns can be used as the "object" of the verb

T 0.

I studied Japanese.

t:

It L 2' Iv li1l~~O)M}~
;;r Li L tc;
Takeshi cleaned his room.
f--J t.:Compare: t: It L 2' Iv Ii ff~~ ;;r .fw ~Li Lt.: o
-t-1 t-<:

-\"'

-;

You can use both these nouns and their T 0 verbs in sentences with ~t ~ -CT
i"
and ~ G v' -CT, for example. You need to add 0) to the verbs, as we discussed in
Section 5. Pay attention to the particles before these words, too.

Bl:li/v..:----<./v5J:1
*~O)ML ~! iJ'H;- ~-CT o/ B(:liA,..:-..-.z1v:J.i:')
*~ff;;rML ~!T 0 -O)iJ>H~
-C'T o
T
I like studying Japanese.

*l ~
flfu

Ll\b5

G)Short Forms
A. Change the affirmatives into negatives.
Ir<

Example:

IJ'IJ'-f,n'

1.

H.6

5. (;t

<

2.

ihlt6

6. (;t

t &':> 6

3.

--t t;

7.

<

4.

-IJ'lt 6

ih G 7

13.

};t 7

10.

<

14.

t-=>T\'<

11.

hi";ft6

15. (;t \ \

s. -tL<.J: < --t 6

12.

ih6

16.

'J

9.

B. Change the affirmatives into negatives.


Example:

t: IJ' \ '
If ,.C ~

1.

l'P 7

2.

3.

t:

t:

8] KOB-06

f:::.IJ' < -r.n'

If,.(,~ L '<' -r.n'

IJ'h\\\\

7.

-\''--9\\

;h &':> t:

5.

H.t-lJ'\\

8.

~ ;ft\ \ r:

\ '-f lJ" L \'

6.

L tC-tt -J

9.

t.\ \""" ,..(, r:

t:

IJ' ;;(_ 6

8] Kos.01

4.

&':> \ \

10. \\\\

Informal Speech
A. Answer the following questions in informal speech, first in the affirmative, then
in the negative. 8] xoe.os/oc
Example:

1. ~8,
~J:-J

Q :

J: <

'*' ~~""6?

':j-jpfa.

~5~--96?

t:

4.

-"'/v~J:')

5.

J: < -ClvL<'
~lP-1:::*6?
ai

:Bf
8' 8
-*-IB ~iii"
?
'l'C'i:t,
IC Iii",::_
IJ:>d:

~8~

7. ~

L f::., :k.~1::*-6?

tJ7;;t71::ff<?
I.'

!>;~

L>P<tc1'

11. ~~'

#~Ji f=Nf}~-t
6?
-f"i L

~~

f#-? (\ \6?

12. ~ 8'

57t5i-t 6?
-itA,t:<

8'

t.:: -C,t,,L<>

B.

GI.' L.11i ~

7 Jl!h{ ~ 6 ?

8. ~
9.

*~'

10.

<

tc\'il<

;<1,Lo"i

;!'\'l:t,

199

<:

-"'

Answer the following questions in informal speech, first in the affirmative, then
in the negative. G!] Kos-10;11
Example:

o::7t'A?
Iv "
A : 7 Iv , :7t 'Ao / 7 7 Iv , :7t 'A L
If

lf/v

"

5. ;.ft JI h { J:.

1. Vi?
2.
3.

IJ;-j

'J

''tn'

::: <7)~f+:1=(i\ \\ \?

'I" -tJ. \ \ o

.:f- ?

iJ' L;

8 *-'?o<7) 7 7 A. (i}:; t

9.

L; -j i'

IJ

6. }:; Ill, g -Q{ff.., ~


.,. 0
7. A ;f-'/h{~

l't L \ \ ?
!id

4.

If/,,

1: li/v .:

L.;\\?

G \ \?

10. B*-'?o<7)77A.lin
1: Ii/,, C:

7t;:i.(i::: h\ \?

If-:>

"J;-j

J:

-j

\ \?

8. ~BliJiBIB?

-ttA.,-ti"I.'

t;fi)

U'

!i!6tcC:!G'*9
A. Make a guess about Mary, using ~2::.S\L, '*9.
8't

Example:

G!] Kos-12

good at Japanese

- ;J' J - ~ 1v11 a *-?on{..t.:r-t:


t: ,~\ \ i-t
-r
1

1: liA, .:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

B.

often cooks
drives a car
doesn't smoke
speaks Japanese every day
doesn't go home late at night
doesn't drink coffee much
often goes to see movies

td

8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.

ht

not married
likes Takeshi
busy
a good student
not tall
not quiet
not a freshman

Make a guess about the person or place below and answer the following
questions.
Example:

::: <7)),..(i 8 *-A. Ti"h'o

;t;t,

IJ-C

IC ll/v C/v

B*-A..t:t:,~\\i-to/
ht

1: ll/vl/v

\ \ \ \ ;t , B *-A. L 'I" -tJ. \ \ t: ,~ \ \ i


IC IJA,

t.::/v

ht

-t

Picture A
1.
2.

Jir7'tj:_!i\ '\ '7'tj:_ T-9-IJ'o

'\>'1' Lf:-\t/vtTC'

"''

ry 7

3.

U i -c-tiJ'o

4. liJ{ iJ'\
Mei

5.

'\ 'T-t iJ' o

if'iJ'~\ 'T-9-IJ'o
t:n'

-tr

6.

-\t/v-\tC'

~i;T-9-IJ'o

tt

L \ '-c-r iJ' o

\H'

7.

#.G~LT\'i-9-IJ'o
lt-o::. Iv

8.

j:;~~f:

9.

.J: < 1;:~ i-f iJ'o

< ~#--J(\'i-fiJ'o

n'tt

t:

10 .

.J: < ;cf-'/~

11.

77:,;;z~~~i!Li-th'o
.:

L i -t iJ'o
Ii t.:

Picture B

:liB*-T-9-IJ'o
1: ll:!v

1.:
2. ~

i;-t-J.' ?JT T-t iJ' o

'1J7&'.>C'

3.

!>

ii?-::>

6.

/:~7,

~'Ali~il\'T-9-IJ'o

n
4. ~\
5.

'T-9-IJ'o

~Ii*\'~ t:

T-9-IJ'o

A.iJ'f:

< ~ 1i

,;,ry

U'I:

7. : :
8.

T\ 'i -9-IJ'o

O)A_!i, .J: < ]7"j(. ~- i -f iJ'o


o I:.

BJ:

~1:::
.J: < ii?&'.>
miJ'~
') i-9-IJ'o
Id:-::>
,3,

C. Discuss the following topics in pairs or groups.


Example:

university cafeteria

A : -*. ~ 0) 1;: ~I::: -:H 'T r 7 ~ \ ' i -t iJ' o


tcc'n'<

u<1:.7

B: ~< (,
-\,T

A~ li
A:

Bt

j:;\\L\\t'.~\\i-fo
Bt

r 7 Bt
~\

*h!i.J: <1;:~1:::ff~i-fo
t>teL

t:

''

'i-9-IJ'o

*t.li--o

Mel

1. this town

3. Japanese language

2. this class

4. Mary and Takeshi

5. your own topic

A.

Report what the following people said, using ~c~ ,, :J""Cl'* Lr.:.

- o : ;) 1

- ~ 1i

1J

M t:
~/...,

-:)
v-

-r \ ' i

;)I I} -

t: n,

B!] Kos-13

1.

* 13 t

2.

s L t: ! i Jl \ '~~ f

Gc1j'0

U i t \" -t-J. \ 'T-t o


t

iJ'

3.

Li

0)

~85l~f~Y~
L 1"\'i-to
:tc1:t.nlv t.:
-<!v!<d

-r \ ' i -t

4. ;t - L,, A

7 1 f L

s. r;x ~

!i~:l-lrc-t o

I:?

6.

L!v-tt0

t!.1.,tf< -ttl.'

(.:I.'

-<'<

"-'' .:

T-t o

L i-tt i..

*-~!i~?of~1;
iJ'

9.

t;-tV~
!i3't:f!n{_t.:f-T-t o
n';Ji,
IJ;0 IJ
t;-) -f

7. t;)L ~ !i:k~1:.
8.

-r ,

lit.:

SLf:!l\'\'~~T-to
-c Iv

<

!;,

10.

S L f: !i-*

n.

s ~-:) -r !ii\fun{~

12.

S ~ -:)

"t;

-t-J. \ 'T-t o

;Ji,11)

-r !i-*\

,;,

'J i -t

'T-t o

"t;

B.

Pair Work-Ask your partner the following questions. Take notes and report to
the class later, using ~c~:J""Cl'*Lr.::.
,,

2.

8 /.f.!i t:''-) T-t n'o


1: lilv

3.

8 /.f.<l)iLf:' i;/ 8 /.f.<7)*-~!i t:''-t-J.'A. T-t n'o


1: t

1: 1J1v

4.

t:'' -rJ.A. n<:-lff ~

-c-t n'

1: 1i1v

1l'I:

-t

n'

-<'<

1l'I:

A.

GJKos-14

What would you say when you want someone ...

Example:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

not
not
not
not
not
not

not to look at your photo

--+

~~
l'<' l!v

to speak English
to call you
to come to your house
to go
to smoke
to sleep in class

f Jf;f,,e\ \T
;;,

< r:: \

\o

7. not to forget

8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

not
not
not
not
not

to stare at you
to start the class yet
to be late
to erase the blackboard yet
to throw away the magazine

B. Pair Work-Make a request using the given cues.

Example:

~f!m(t6
1(:'
;J;,
--+

A: ~flm!tT t\\\\T"-9h'o
i

e:

;J;,

B: -thi-tt,.{,o

imit-rJ.'\\T<
;J;,
\ \ \ \ T-9 J: o r -J 2f o

1.

t: I ;f : f ~T -J

4. ~~
-( Iv ~

2. 7 t- t:' f-J It 6

t:~\'o *\\T-th'Go/
~~

fWf-t
It

7. your own request

5. )~')~/f1~-J
0~

3. ~~

l'<' l!v

6. (your partner's name) (::: ~~~-9 6

f :Jil.6
(:

-(Iv

~o

A. Tell what Mary is good/poor at, using .1,-c9 or T=.Fc9. SIKos-15


l;o

Example:

-;

"

t:

tennis (good)
--+

,J

7 1) - ~ ,.{,Ii 7.::. ;z h{ J: .:f-T-9 o


l:d

i'

swimming (poor)
-

,; 1 IJ - ~ ,.<.,1i)71'. <"'O)h{r.:f-T-t
hJ:

French (poor)
2. cooking (good)
3. making sushi (poor)
4. eating with chopsticks (good)
1.

(Ii LT)

-;

5.
6.
7.
8.

to

taking pictures (good)


driving a car (good)
speaking Japanese (good)
writing love letters (good)
(77v5'-)

ms~203
B.

Pair Work-Ask if your partner likes to do the following activities.


Example:

studying

A:

~7~-96(7)h{3tf~T-9h'o

B:

Ii\',

-t

"'-lvoH

3tf~--c-t/*-3tt~--C
-to
T
fcY T

\ '\ ' ;;{., ~ G \ 'T-9 /

* ~ G \ '-c-t o

t.:.l\

9. cooking

1. eating

5. playing sports

2. sleeping

6. studying Japanese

10. taking a bath

3. singing

7. doing cleaning

11.

4. doing shopping

8. doing laundry

12. washing a car

*If you neither

like it nor dislike it, you can use

ff~
..,

driving a car

t ~ G \ 1 -r t t: \ 1 -r-r .

tcrt1J'-1=1JA.{);c91J'
A. Use the table below and answer the questions. B!] KOB-16
Example:

t:tln{1.:f'1J

01'\-

r~

7..A. T-th'o
t.:lv
,.Cn{1.:f'1J 7..A. T-90
t.:lv

1.

t:tln{~OOA. T-th'o

2.

t: ;fl h{ Y1i
# JJ. ~ -t 6 (7) h{ .I; .:f-T-9 :
Y
t1i ~

3.

t:tln{\

4.

t:hn{.:p-

5.

t:tln{*._n{3tf~
T-th'o
,,~,
-r

7J'fv::_ ( t.:/v

t ~'.tT~"

l1(1:'0

~Li

t:

i -th'o

L f:h'o

~Robert

British

is good at
cooking

cooks often

went to Okinawa
last weekend

doesn't like
cats

~Mary

American

is good at
skiing

does not cook

had a date last


weekend

likes dogs

E}sue

Korean

is good at
singing

cooks
sometimes

went to Tokyo last


weekend

likes cats

is good at
swimming

always eats at
cafeteria

had a date last


weekend

doesn't like
cats

B.

'-J

Takeshi Japanese

Pair Work-Use the table above and ask your partner questions with tcfltJ'.

You went to a party but did nothing there. Make sentences using the cues.

Bl] KOS-17
Example:

-(:::ff~
i L f::.IJ\ (eat)
,,
/ ~ - 7- 1 - t::: ff
~ i L t: fJ \ M
t 1"'
i -1 ,.<., --c L
(,.\
7j:(:
t:

/~-7-1

1. / ~ -

1 -

(:::ff,, ~ i L t: I; {,
i L f::.IJ\

2. -/] 7 ~ 71;{~ 1)
3.

T t- t' I;{~

4. -/] ,J 7

1)

i L

t: I;\

t:

(drink)

(sing)
(watch)

~#-:i (\ 'i L f::.IJ\

(take)

5.
6.

rPh. ~ tCt:::%\;J;; 'i L f::.IJ\ (talk)


/~-7-1 -t:::ff~
,, i L f::.IJ{, (do)

B. Answer the following questions.


Example:

Q : ~

(!)

7(l)Bjt:::~liMIJ'1l1)
lik

A:

(l\',

[;tk

7_/~1l'/T1

\ \ \ \ ;{_ ' M t 11'< I)


-::>

>:;:1:

1.

tt~, Mn'1"'i
>:i:I:
t:

3.

~(!)"),
\,,\ i

5. ~3*,
LP'i ;t-::>

6.

7-vt'T(onTV)'fPJIJ'Jti

MIJ'\'
1j\:

1)

i L f::.IJ'o

<
(spaghetti) ~1):1)
-::> <
-::>

i -1 ,..(, T L

t.

i Lf::.o/

Lf::.IJ'o

>:;:1:

4. ~,

>:;:1:

Lf::.IJ'o

;,.

i-tn'o

Mn'Li-tn'o
>:i:I:

~3*, Mn'~
1~ L i -t IJ'o
7J:C
""-lv~.t?

LtP?--:J

A Interview one of your classmates about any future plans and report to the
class.
Example:

"A-~

tC!i*-iJ=.
') rJ !lr'"-ff < C:
'~'J./..,
i; \,,

1,,. \

-:>
\,, \

T \ \ i L t.,

ms~2os
B. Pair Work/Group Work-You are planning a party. Decide on the following
points and fill in the chart.

\ \--:) T-t I.I'


t::::

-r Li

-ti.I'

t'' A.JJ.' I<:.- j- 1 -T-t I.I'

1PJ f # "') l \ \ -5 i -t I.I'


tj:(:

t:'*tf.l{*-i-fi.l'
!'-

C. Class Activity-Find someone who ...


1.

likes to study Japanese

2. hates to do cleaning
3. likes to sing
4. is poor at driving
5. whose mother is good at cooking

Then, report to the class:

~ Iv Ii -----------

-------

t
,, "') T \ \ i L f: o

D. Pair Work-A and B are making plans for a one-day trip with two other friends
C and D. A knows C's schedule and B knows D's schedule. Play the roles of A
and B. Discuss your own and your friend's schedules using ~C: ~,, "J "Cl,'* ~ic,
and find out which days all four of you are available.
Example:

A : cP
+~B
Ii U i T-fi.l'o
-j ;t, (I: "I;
B : \ \ \ \ ;{. , ~ \ \ ~~ I ::: ff ~ i -t o
iJ'

j,O)

,,

A : ;ft, Ii, 1PJ t Li -1 lvo


bt.::L

id:(:

-r t .

\ \ i L t. o
B : ~ -) T-f-/;' o L::

'I"

ch ......

1 -,

8 Ii , t -) T-t I.I' o

J.:~-jl;l:i;l:t;

C ~ /vf.l{~@J
X.1.' -//

t: Jll:::ff
<
J.J.
I.'

t "') T
I.'

Student A
A's schedule

16

17

18

20

19

quiz

study

23

24

25

26

21

27

22
party

28

29
part-time
job

C told A that he would ...


18th: go to see a movie
24th: meet friends
26th: go to Osaka to have fun

Pair Work

@ D. ===============================================

Student B
B's schedule
16
shopping

23

17

18

19

20

21

work

22
tennis

24

25

26

27

28

29
work

D told B that she would ...


19th: do a part-time job
27th: go to eat Japanese cuisine
28th: go to Kyoto to see temples

~8~

A traditional Japanese meal consists of a bowl of white rice


(C:'i&), a couple of dishes (Si.J'9), and soup (often J.i.{)t),
~A

and is called :('~ (set menu) in cafeterias. However, many


"(t.,11,,,t:(

Japanese don't eat traditional food or rice-based dishes for


every meal. A great variety of food is served in restaurants
and even at home because Japan has adopted and adapted
many foreign dishes over time.

.:!&
l!A

s ;IJ>-f

J.i. { 5t
L?;

Commondishes in Japan

n~-71A

~U771

Curry with rice

~-J:~~-

Al'lfj;i7-1

Deep-fried shrimp

Ra men noodles

Udon noodles

Spaghetti

'*'*

j\/J\-1'

~L-J.i.
Raw seafood

sHJ.i.i*~
z.a:
'?

>!'?cA

Dumplings

~ c_;,,

7-j/

Beef rice bowl

Hamburger steak

Savory pancake

What did Michiko and Professor Yamashita eat for breakfast today?

A-7, 3-/j;i,"

.:!&, i* ~ ttJ't./.
fi.i" t.:
(j.A,

Toast, soup and yogurt

-\"'

* z:

J.i. { 5t
L.Q

Rice, broiled fish, egg and miso soup

207

( m9~ / L

91

1J'13\=0: Kabuki

Mary and Takeshi are talking.

f: (t L :

~J

~7')-:

h',;:~T-th'

1} -

~ ,{,

GD K09-01;02

ll h',): ~ h"ff ~ T-9 h'o


-t

Si

')~a')

i-tl-,{,o Tt,

CJ/\--!--

~,{,!i-bt L.;

h' -:i

3
4

t: It L

~}I}-:

f:ltL:

t: t ,,

t: ! + L :

3 ~ /

I) -

IJ -

Jj.

.)~

"'

*-BIBT-to
+-=-mrn'GE:9mriTT-to
t < J: ? 1f
t $? 1: t
J: t

@ During
~

T \ \ i L f: o

n'.;: ~ O)-l:JJ1f ~.=_;ft t G -:i f: h' G, Ji I :ff~ i -tl- ,.<_, h' o


i: i \, '
;{.;{., ~flfo \\-:>T-'th'o
~?

-:i

GD K09-03/04

intermission at a Kabuki theater.


~

*1 \ \ T L

t: ;t10

tl:l-c T \ \ 6 J..
Ii ;,. A.JJ. i;t:_
~ 0) J.. T-t J: o
()'/:
o:
:

i'?!3T-9h'o
Ii/vi:?

~}I}-:

;{_;{_o t :::.;-c_ t -J~=--~~~""i


li!v
t:
\\\\;{_, if:~""(\\i-tl-,{,o

t: It

L: '<' S , ~ii \ \ I:: ff,, ~ i L J: 7

f:ltL:

Lf:h'o

()'Q

tc

L :

@ At a concession
1

f:!t L :

2J60)J..:
h--t!c

()'/:

f: It L :

4f60)J..:
J,.-t!c

()'/:

stand.

-t;,. i -tl- ,.(,


Ii\ \ o

};

GD K09-05/06
?!3 ~-=--:>
< t: ~ \ \
,),fc

<r; I: ?

..Z-*1-n'G, };~~--=>t":J-t-~--=>o
t;"
()'I:
()'/:
.=_f-;\.gf9T-'to t''-) t<h1}h"t -J =--~- \\i
1: -t!c!v1L>1f'<'(i.!v

Lf:o

CD
Takeshi: Mary, do you like Kabuki?
Mary: Kabuki? I don't know it well. But Robert said it was interesting.
Takeshi: I got two tickets for Kabuki, so would you like to go to see it?
Mary: Sure. When is it?
Takeshi: On Thursday. From twelve noon to four.

Mary: It was beautiful.


Takeshi: The people who appear are all men.
Mary: Really?
Takeshi: Yes. By the way, did you already eat lunch?
Mary: No, I haven't eaten it yet.
Takeshi: Then, shall we go to buy it?

Takeshi: Excuse me. Two box lunches, please.


Vendor: Here they are.
Takeshi: And then, one tea and one coffee.
Vendor: That is 2,800 yen. Thank you very much.

~E

I]

v
Nou

i::t

E!!l K09-07

tcfu

n s

\.;

* t; ""' r 7
* i.l'.): ~

\\\\-f-

good child

color

};#~

boxed lunch

~~~

Kabuki; traditional Japanese


theatrical art

.:f' 5' -

guitar

*~

~J:h,{,

< -t ')
< -f
'::I

1) f

f+j--

(1)

t;

last year

medicine

~ fjjzt;

to take medicine

concert

r
~ < .;: ,{.,

~Jt

near future

fp)t

essay; composition

Lit,{.,

t\.~

exam

: A,

7.

.or-

ski

-tt ,{., ! f-:)


t.,{., .:

71:; ~
Jj!m
PO

to//
to!f

last month
word; vocabulary
piano
pizza

M'A

U'.i:7~
l,\ - a d

illness; sickness

e c t i v e s

;ht;\\

it\\

<h i.l' \ \

$\ \

red

< .; \ \

~\

black

~U'L\'
L.; \'
;bi.l' \ \

blue
\

~L\'

lonely

8\ \

white

;t\ \

young

~tiB,~

mean-spirited

jffi6
~;b6

to dance

tJ. - a d j e c t i v e

\\lh6(f,.:)
U-verbs
t; r 6

};;b6
* Words

that appear in the dialogue

(something) ends ( ,..._,i.l{)

1:::~n'<h6
ll L:: i 6

A.~n'<h 6
:k~ i 6

to be popular

v<

~<

to play (a string instrument or

(something) begins
piano) ("'

* t G7

c "'n')

f)

to get (from somebody)


(person I::: thing

f)

Ru-verbs

-J? I Lt 6
* T6

( ,.,_, f)

'.Jt ;t 6

to memorize

lli6

( 1) to appear; to attend (,.,.,I:::)


(2) to exit (,....,

rregular

Verbs

7 ,. {_, t:' 7 -9 6
~,..(,lf-96
Adverbs

iI~-9 6
l&:!f<-96
and

to do physical exercises
to take a walk

Other

Expressions

* "'n' G

from ...

* 1:'' U:
* t'. :: .; T

by all means

all

by the way

.H,..(,f,f

* t 7

already

Numbers

<tr

f)

(used to count small items)

)::

--:>

one

* ,;, t.::

.:: -:>

two

.H -:)

-:>

.::::. -:>

three

J: -:) -:>

:9-:>

four

\ \-:> -:>

:Ii-:>

five

t; -:)

-:>

~-:>

six

fJ.' fJ. -:>

-1:--:>

seven

-\" -:) -:>

;'-..-:>

eight

==(])-:>

fr_,-;

nine

t'.};

ten

Past Tense Short Forms

We will now continue the discussion on short forms, which we started in the last lesson.
Here we will learn the past tense paradigm of short forms.
Past tense, affirmative
compare with:

~"ff.Ive
J;
tJ't>l 'D'':) rec9
ijj
D' -c G re
V9

verbs:
l,)-adjectives:
ta:-adjectives:
noun+

~~cure

c9:

tJf<-tt1.. 1--

Past tense, negative


verbs:
l, v-adjectives:

~"ff.~tcJ:L,'
J;
-

ta:-adjectives:

ijj 1J' L:; 'f-> 1CJ: 1J' ':)

noun+

< tc1:1J':) rec9


re c g
L:; 'f-> tsts- rec9

tJ't>l'
V9

c9:

~~

ti< itl.1

Below is a brief discussion on the formation of past tense short forms.


Verbs in the affirmative (a above)
replace -CI

in te-forms with

re I re

Verbs in the negative (d above)


-

replace l' in the present tense negative ta:l' with

D' tt:

L, i-adjectives (both in the affirmative and negative) and


ta:-adjectives and noun+ c9 in the negative (b above)
drop the final c9 in the long forms
tc:J:-adjectives and noun+
-

replace

c9 in the affirmative (c above)

c G re in the long forms

with

re.':) re

The two irregularities that we noted earlier are observed here once again. They are:

,,

,,

See ff...,
T in Lesson 6. See l iJ'-, t. T-t, l
,,

<

-tJ..' \

'T-t, and l

< t: iJ'-,

t. T-t in Lesson 5.

Short form predicates in the past tense can be used in the same way as the present tense
forms, which we discussed in Lesson 8.
In casual conversations

it"'
t:
t:

BjE :~,
if A,

i;l:A,

7 Iv, it"'
t:
t:

Uh-huh, I did.

Have dinner yet?


In represented, or quoted, speech
::Z. -

~ ;fX 0) wt&>':> 77 t1 ~ 77' l t T \ ' t: t: ".) T \ ' i L

:S Iv ( ;L

.; 7::. 7

I:~

t:

l'

Sue said that she wore (had worn) glasses in high school.

(5fJ- I i) l- 1" :S Iv 77 { '(> ".)


/Jlc L

t: t: ~t \ ' i -t

};

I think Tom did it.


Note that in Japanese the tense of the original utterance is preserved when it is reported. If
you are reporting somebody's utterance in which the present tense is used, you must also use
the present tense inside the quote. Thus, if your friend Sue said <}, 8 ;.f.~ f ~ 5~ L --C \ ' i
l. 'i
(: (iii., .:
"'(/v~d
i"', using the present tense, your report will be:

::z. - :S Iv ( i 8(:(i!vC..'
;.f.?o ~ ~
1~ L T \ '6- t:
".) T \ ' i L
rZ/v~.t?
\..'

t:

Sue said that she was studying Japanese.

Qualifying Nouns with Verbs and Adjectives

The short forms of verbs can be used to qualify nouns, much like adjectives can. In the
example below, the phrase E -i-::: T/.f. f M[:.{, -"("'\ '~ (reading a book over there) is used as a
2
liA,
J:
qualifier for the noun ~ 1:..
-ll< -tl:e>

l<f,..:C: T/.f.~~ft:lvT\'6l~:i.(il-d;:
IVv

J:

:S !vTi"'o

~<<-ttc

The student I who is reading a book over there I is Michiko.


The following table shows various forms of noun qualification. The phrases in the boxes
qualify the noun A. (person) to their right. Example 1 is a straightforward adjectival examu-1:
ple. Example 2 contains a phrase describing a person's attribute (Lesson 7), example 3 has
a verb in the short form (Lesson 8), and example 4 has a -f.J. -adjective, which is relational
(Lesson 5).
2

A qualifying phrase like this, which has a sentence-like structure of its own, is technically known as a "relative
clause"

1.

I cf=J=BL3l' I

2.

I ~1J'&l, I
t~ti'

IN;

3.

I ~1J'G~1J,11-cG ':@I

4.

I ~ii1J'H~
ts I
-;-

a person who is interesting!

A
l)>/:

a person who has long hair I

a person who wears glasses I

a person who likes cats I

lJ>/:

l)>/:

lJ>/:

t.k

adjectives and verbs


used as qualifiers

noun

Here are more examples of verbs used in descriptions of people.

l~-T: T'.1F~
L~, LA-

~--:> (\
I:

\6IA.

V'I:

(l;tf:*1 T-fh'o)

(Who is) the person taking pictures over there?


l-1&- B lf~

-j /"l:"-j

~ -t 6 I A.
(l;t7t~ T-t a)
U'I:
If
!'<
A,

People who do physical exercises every day (are healthy.)

If: If':

~'?&.h-f.n
.,

'I A

()'I:

(h{-frt., ~ T-t o)

(I like) people who do not smoke.

l4;;~#.i5~Lt:l~t:t;
!'<.d>/"lt-:>.:A-

l:t

(h'G-i=-#-!X.h{*-i
-c 1J'l-J.

Lf:o)

"'

(A letter came from) a friend who got married last year.

Consider first the following pair of sentences in English.


Zelda has lost her key.
Zelda lost her key.
These two sentences present the same fact, Zelda losing her key, in different ways. The first,
"present perfect" example describes the event as something that is connected with the present: hearing the sentence, one will understand that Zelda is still without her key. On the
other hand, the second "simple past" example describes the event as something that is independent of the situation at the present moment; we do not know whether Zelda is still
looking for her key or has later retrieved it.

In Japanese, past tense forms do double duty on the affirmative end of polarity, but the past
tense and the T \ \ {) construction

share the work on the negative end. Thus in the affirma-

tive, the past tense is used both with words like ~

0)

7 (disconnected from the present) and

t 7 ("already;' connected with the present).

*t- I ;t ~ 0) 7 tell~! f

bt:l

l~<tc''

L i L f= o

and

*t- Ii

blcl

I did the homework yesterday.

t 7 l~(6'
tEl ~ f L i L f= o

I have already done the homework.

With the negative, the past is used to talk about a finished time period like ~
{) is used if your intention is to talk about how things stand now ("not yet").

*t- I ;t ~ 0) 7 tEl<tee,
~f

bl: t

l~

L i -1 ,.<,, ..t L f = o

and

*t- Iii

bl:l

I did not do the homework yesterday.

0)

t: tEl~ f LT\\
lP<fCI'

7 , but T \ \

i -1 ,.<,,o

I have not done the homework yet.

have not ... yet

This use of T \ \ {) can be found both with verbs describing changes and with verbs describ ..
ing activities, as defined in Lesson 7.
A - ~,.{,(;ti

t:~~ ~ T \ \ i -I ,.{,o

(change)

Sue has not woken up yet.

*h ( ;t i

bl: L

t:~

U-ct.

:"j]j._
lilv

f ~""l \ \ i -1 ,.{,

t:

(activity)

I haven't eaten lunch yet.

We learned in Lesson 6 that iJ' G added to a sentence means "because:'

*t- Ii~

bl:l

;Ii;"

:jjj._ f ~-"' i -1 ,.<,,TL


lilv

t:

t: o tt L fJ'-:> f= Ti" fJ' Go


'''bi'

I didn't have breakfast. (Because) I was busy.

In this lesson, we learn to incorporate the explanation clauses in the statements themselves,
rather than adding them as separate sentences. You can simply transpose the "explanation+
iJ' G" sequence to the beginning of a sentence for which the explanation is offered.
(explanation)

1J' 5, (situation),

(situation), because (explanation).


= (explanation), therefore, (situation).

cf:>

t: ~.~IJ{ cf:> ~
Lit;,.,

fJ'

+,

G , btcl
~t. Ii ~l!t~
7~ L i
-:;,.,1f;,.,.-z;,.,e<,.;

I will study this evening, because we will have an exam tomorrow.


(= We will have an exam tomorrow, therefore, I will study this evening.)
*fJ'-:>
::t;

f::.fJ'

G, ill fJ'lt i -tr,.<., TL

f::.o

-c

We didn't go out, because it was cold.


(=It was cold, therefore, we didn't go out.)

Note that the resulting order of elements resembles that of a "therefore" sentence more
closely than that of a "because" clause in English.
Before the conjunction IJ' G, you find both the long and short forms. Thus the IJ' G clauses
in the above examples can be rewritten as <h L f::.~.~IJ{<h 1) i-tIJ' G and *IJ'-:> f::.""'t-tIJ'
3
l lj
"t;
G. The long form before IJ' G is more polite, and is frequently found in request and suggestion sentences.
A,

J i-tn'G,

n'.;:50)1:JJrfn{<:>

~ -o )'

-~1:::;t1:::ff5
L
1,.\--:)

J:

}j..

i L

J:,

L'

Let's go to see Kabuki. I have tickets.

The long form before iJ' G is inappropriate when the entire sentence ends in a short form, however. Thus it is
inappropriate to say: X *iJ' -of:: -r-tiJ' G, ti:liJ'ltfJ.iJ' -o f::o
: :<t:

-r

*l ~
tlfu

[.,~5

G)Short Forms Past


A. Verbs
(a) Change the following verbs into the past affirmatives.
Example:

IJ'

<

1. (j:-f"J.'-t
2.

L.t.:i

3.

(7)

4.

IJ'(t 6

t;

I;'\\

t:

5.

\\<

9.

6.

s.z.;:

7. -:>
8.

<

-r-6

s G 7

13. \ \ -f ('

10.

<

14.

11.

u<

15. j:) t:'' 6

12.

i-=>

16.

(b) Change the following verbs into the past negatives.


Example:
1. 7,.

B.

IJ'

<

fJ'fJ'-fJ.'fJ'

5. (;!:

<

6. (;;t

L: i 6

<

2.

+r

3.

L6

7. -:>

4.

fJ'(t6

8.

G!] K09-os

1.

tP 7

2.
3.

<

6
11. \ \ 7

14.

7 t: 7

15.

-1 ,.(, t.

~-tt;

16.

7 ,.(, t:'' 7 -t 6

11.

~UL\'
t.J. t; \ \

12.

G!] K09-1 o

-fj.'

tf ,.(, ~ t: ~ t:

-1 \ \

I;{<

-1 \ \ t: ~

t:

4.

IJ'h\\\\

7. ~-t\

S.l6

5.

7,.l:IJ'\\

8. ~;ft\ \-fJ.'

s IJ' \ \

6.

L ,.c -1 -=> -rJ.

9. \ \\

at) \ \ -fj.'

-t

1? !Lt 6

t.IJ'\'
I;{ <

13.

(a) Change the following into the past affirmatives.

(f ,.(, ~

-t

G!] K09-09

Adjectives and Nouns

Example:

<

sG7

10.

IJ'~ 6

-1 ,.(, t:

t:
9.

tG7

'1 ,.(,~

12.

<

218

'li~i5 . )Z:j~i'i

(b) Change the following into the past negatives.~

K09-11

t: -IJ'\'

Example:

lf,{,~i'J.

---+

lf,{,~L::>r:>i'J.-IJ'-Jf::.

-IJ{ < -th \

---+

-IJ{ < -th \ L:: '(' .,.J.. -IJ'

1.

\\L::h6-f'J.

4.

2.

rlJ:-J~

5. i'J.-IJ{\

-IJ'tJ\\\\

6. <):

3. h-lJ'\ \

\
1) i'J.

"'J

t.

= \ \\ \

7.

~j:;\\

10. -IJ'

8.

L -f'-IJ' .,.J..

11.

J:;t

9.

\\\\(,.{,~

12.

~r/L\'

"'J

L.ij\'

Informal Speech
A.

Using the cues below, make questions about yesterday in informal speech.
How do you answer those questions? ~ K09-12

-rvt:'fJl6

Example:

ii;

~ (]) -) 7 t- t:' f Jl t: ?
-) ,.{,, Ji t: o / -) -) ,.{,, Ji _,.J.. -IJ'

---+

ii;

ii;

1.

t -lf f1;:"'"'-6

2.

i&~-t 6

3.

~:ffj'f;T4'. f 11t-

t:

~Iv ll:

I: l..J: ;l)'/v

4. -)

t f fll}J3#;-t
6
{- 'j [;

5.

-)

t. T#JI-t

6.

IX.
I: t

7.

ii!"?a
f
tck .:

IJJ:"i

1)

-/J'

lik

IJ

~t::.+r 1-A- ;; 7&,


jt ;(. 6
<fill'

8. -/J'-o;:
~t~1:::*6
'j
<
9. *~1=~~~f-lJ'lt6
-/J' {'(
-ov b
10. ~ /
11.
12.

--:>-/)

-t-#i\
ft
-c -/J'h-

G -J

~r/l:::;ff

&rf

7 - "f 1!-)

zz, -

t.'

<

13.

ll~b-t
6
'j Iv/:'')

14.

7 7 7 (club) T~m 6
Bl:'

ii;

"'J

f::. o

B.

Make questions about childhood in informal speech.

How do you answer

G!] K09-13

those questions?
Example:
--+

Q :

-J-f~O)mt, 5t~t=-:) f:?

A :

1 Iv , If/,,
5t !fid = -:) t: o / 1 1 Iv , If/,,
5t ~ t '(' -rJ.' 1J'

:": l:'t

If A, !;

I:!)

!)

-IJ'h\\\\

7.

2.

~-IJ{-&\ \

8. ::;\

3.

-It

9.

tciJ

10.

,.z,t,,o;?

5. ::;\ .:t--fJ{_t-:ftH

11.

i'

~-'/-IJ{ff~

tEI Jl!-IJ{ ~ G \ \

m -IJ{\

\\ \

a;u

:Jt:::lli~

~ L\\

-tt-A,-tt\. '

r./ L \ \

6. ~

Lo(t.:'1

7$ -IJ{ff ~

4. ~

t:

tc!J)

~~

lf-lJ{~ \ \

-:)

*L\\

1.

~h

A.

!)

12.

\\th

Make a guess about what the following people were like when they were in
high school.

5t~ TL t. -IJ'o

Example:

If A, !)

--+

/<'

~Iv Ii ~~O)mt,

1) -

:": -) :": -J

A Ii \ \ , 5t ~ t= -:)
If/,,!<

t: t

I: !)

~\\i

J.;t

5t~

If A, !)

-r L t. -IJ'o

+, /

\ \ \ \ ;t , 5t ~ L '(' -rJ. 1J, -:) t. t .~ \ \ i -t o


tot

If A, :0

(a) ..)(]7IJ-cfv(L:-:)l,)"C
1.

G!JK09-14

-IJ'h\ \-IJ'-:) f:T-t-lJ'o

2. 8 *-?ofJ{_t-:f-T L
1: Ii/,, .:

3.

A.~ -IJ{ i:i


!: /v 5

t;?

1)

i'

1.
2.
3.

[,t~-ttlvtt\'

l < <r;:
~ 1$.t-} L i L

t: -IJ'o

f:-IJ'o

i L t: -IJ' o

(b) Uff')IC~((:-:)l, )l:"


~;I'

4.

G!] K09-15

1f
1J { ~ 1J' -:) t: T-t 1J' o
-It
tciJ
l < 'F- ~ f Li L f: -h'o
l < .::f 7 - f ~ ~ i L f: -IJ'o
o

4. jifj 6
t?I:'

5.

<7) -IJ{

.L-t-r L f: -IJ'
i'

t;?

<: l-lJ'-:) f:T-t-h'o

B. Talk about your classmates' childhood using the following expressions.

1. h'h\\\\

4.

7. t 7" / ~~
8.

~n{*\'/~\'
iJJ,.
<i:iJ'
.;.t~

3.

9.

t: < ~ ,.(,

7t~

5.

J: < ~.;:

\\\\-f-

6.

"''"'
tfh{~\\/1!&\\

If Iv !;

-t

?1v1:?

2.

<

:!Ifb-t 6 0) h{*1- ~

tciJ'

;t

U-

<

A. Report what the following people said, using

u-

*~
li/v

O)n{_t:ftd

~ft:
t;
J:

~e:~,, ::>"'Cl'* ~tc. @!] K09-16

Example:

i L t.,

Ex. ~\

b~

'*,
1:5

7J:.
t: t;
1:1,

2. jjij 6

0)

Bl:'

3.

< 1 T /L . :; t' 7 '/ /h{*1-~ TL f::.o


-t

J: <

'J t::: ft~


i L
;IOI:'
,,

jffl

t.

h{ S i ') .I; :f- L: \" -tJ.h'-;) t. T-t


td

< 1 7 11,t 0) ~

"! r:

i'

t. < ~ A., Jt ;t i L t: o
Blf

:1tJ=l, n',;: ~ ~ Jlt:::ft~


i L
;,.
,,

f::.o

5.

n'.;:~11-t.=.*t:::-ki-;)T,
t ~ -j 1: t:
Ii [;

rs*t:::~h'J
J: [;
;t;

6.

n'.;: ~ 11*n'-;) t: -z-t


h'.;: ~ (l t; t L.; n'-;)

4.

-lt!vlf-:o

~7)(

7.

8. ~

0) ~ ,

f::.

T-t

:k
~ t::: ft~ i -l ,.(, T L
t.:_1.,,7J(<
l..'

9.

ffl ~ T L t: o

1fd

!;

10. ~ ~
(tlJ

jk A., -c
if)

~T\'i
lo

L f::. o

t:

Lf::.o

-r

B.

Pair Work-Ask

your partner the following

the class later, using


L 7t; ~ ,
-lt!vL~?

2.

M ~ L i L T: -h' o r 7
t,:1:

fo:-:>'<'"9

A.

t: -h' o

r: -"ff~ i L t.:-h'o r 7 TL f.:-h'o

,;,vp'(>-t

i6~x0)*,
.:. 7.:. 7

T L

t'',.(J,f-3-f~T'
Lt.:-h'o J: <M~
Li Lt.:-h'o
.:. l:'t
t,:1:

-3-f~O)*,
.:. l:'t
I:~

3. Jt{*.7,,./~1*.7,,.1:::
4.

questions. Take notes and report to

~C:~-::i-Cl,)a::;urc::.
,,

I:"

''

J: < M
~ L i L t.:-h'o
t,:1:

Look at the picture below and answer the questions.


ffio/~,.{,

Example:

t: ~"/}'

-+

0 : ffio/ ~ /,11 rO)A._ T-9-h'o


t: fo:n'

U-1:

A : &'>-h"tl ~ n'lt T '- '6 A. T-t o


U-1:

2.

Ji 0 ~ ,.{,

'('1

3.

<;;

ff#~ ,.{,
(/) t;"'

5. :kJI] ~ ,.{,

~* ~ ,.{,
;t;;t;n'P

6.

-ti'

".'

222

~lli!i . :st5n~

B. Pair Work-One of you looks at picture A below and the other looks at picture
B (p. 225). Ask each other questions and identify all the people in the picture.

J: L ::::

Example:

___.

A : J: L :::: ~ ,.{, I i

t: (7) A. T-t

ii' o

()'/::

B :

-r v t' f Jl;,. -r \ '~A. -c-r

()'/::

Picture A
Ask which of the people are the following:
1.

f:~ 7

2.

~ J:

3.

t:.\ '-t It

4.

J: 7

7 ~-

C. Class Activity-Describe your classmates.


The class is divided into two groups, A and B. Each member of group A acts
out something and freezes in the middle of doing so. Members of group B
answer the teacher's questions, using ~-Cl).:@)\ c9. Take turns when finished.
V-1:

Teacher:

Example:

Student:

< 1 7 ~ A.,!i
~ f

(7.>

11~
L
01v-r:1v

t:''(l)A_

0 : t 7

~=~ f~"'
()'<,

IJ:lv

to

T-til'o

-C \ '~A. T-t o
u-1::

A. Answer the following questions using


Example:

()'/::

*r.:~-rl'*iifu. BI]Ko9-11

i L f:il'o

A : \ '\ ' ;t, i t:~


"' -C \ ' i -1 ,.{, o
to
1.

t 7 -l:JJ1~ f ~-/J \ 'i L t: il'o


t 7 L.;(tcc
tel Jt! f L i L t.ii' o
t 7 11=
)C f ~ i L t. ii' o
~ ( ,;'./v
i!'
~-?

2.
3.

4.

t 7 (tlJ
~ f ~k;,.. i L t. ii' o
t J BJE
f ~""'
i L f: il'o
lifv
lilv
to
t 7 McG
*fr L \ 'Jl!
~ f '<bl!.Ji: ;t i L t: ii' o
tclv ::_'
(/")

.)~

5.
6.

=~

8.

Pair Work-Ask if your partner has done ...

yet. If the answer is no, ask your

partner out, as in the example (1 ). If yes, ask your partner how it was, as in (2).

Examples:

the name of a newly released movie


(1)

r r; /

A : t -)
B:

\'\';{.,

7..]

0 -

---+

r r; /

NcL

A..] f

0 -

Ji;,, 6

f Ji
i L f: fJ' o
;,,

it:;i-z\'i-tLCo
;,,

A~1i?

t:;i T \' i -tl" 0 l iJ' ~

A : ;ft.ti

;,,

t: G,

-~l:Jf, i -tl" 1J'o


''0LJ:

;,,

ii, \'\'T-tt1o

B : i i , t -J Ji i L f: o
;,,

A : ..Z- -J T-t IJ'o

B : -t .:

r -J TL t: IJ'o

< }; t L .; iJ'

~ t. T-t lo

1. the name of a newly released movie


2. the name of a new game

~~~~~~~f-t6

3. the name of a new restaurant/shop/place

__________ l:ff,, <

4. the name of a newly released song/music

A. Match up the phrases to make sense.


U i T-t o

~Ii
,,,,
~~fJ'~h

3.

:lJ1<.ffl:ff~t:IJ'G
l'

L it;,,

ff~
,, i

~ t: iJ' G

2.

JS

J:.:.-)

4.

":J

/-If -

s. ~~ fJ'
"(A,

6.

1--

<

OJ-l:JJ1'1 f .::..;&
t G ~ t.iJ' G
i: i
~ 0

.)~

l'

-tJ. iJ'

t: iJ' G

7 7 7. fJ'-kf5
i 6 fJ' G
jj:[:

{t

,{,IJ'o

-t L f~~i
t:
-~~iLJ:-Jo

-tl"o

''-f

<b-f
1Q! U' I: ff,, ~ i -tl" T L

. t-Ji:-fJ'<h
n'iO

1)

{t

t: o

224 ~~3

><:5nW

B. Complete the following sentences adding reasons.

A.

Role Play-One of you is working at a fast-food restaurant. The other is a


customer. Using Dialogue III as a model, order some food and drinks from the
menu below. Be sure to say how many you want.

7--"AJ\-fj180

)\";/) (-jj'-

160

75-1 t-:m:r
180

"

'9'::JJl;J(-jj'-

280

7-~:;J\-jj'210

7'Y:f)llJ (-{

160

7 ij "t'~J\-jj'240

~9~H>225

B.

Answer the following


1. t

0/

2 ..

questions.

ii"h'o

~~~

1f

:f 7 - ~ ~ <
t

(7) h"

.L "f- T-t h' o


-r

td

3. jffl6<7)h"*f~Ti"h'o
-t

ti 1:

4. ffl

I:"

~<7)~,

1fi"i"

s. l:

J:: < ~ ~jJ\.h i


(ti)

+ e-,

<'!&~Li
s ); 1r

6. *-1f-<7)~~

t:lv td

"dJ!v

ih'o

17)

8(birthday)1:1PJh't
1f

t,:(:

t : *1. I: M ~ t G \ ' i L
JJ:"!:

t: h'

G\'l

Lf:h'o

8. *..h"*T~ Ti"h'o
-t

''//J.

-=J-f~O)Wf, l: < ~t:t; t1Qllli L f:h'o


::_ l:'t
I:"
l:t
ibf1 o. r. A.JJ.~ (7) T ~ t- ''/ ~ # -:> T \ ' i -t h' o
''"'
f-1t
11. ~JJt <7)~.~li n L \' t .1~ \ 'i -t o>;
z ); 1:
L. lt!v
ti'iJ'
tit
12. j) -Ii t: (7) 00 Tli,
r. ,.{, -t-J. A. ;f- ''/h"A.~
9.

< 1:

13.

t'',.{,-t-J.~h"*f~
''"'

Pair Work

h" j)

1)

i -t h'o

1: /" "

Ti"h'o

B. ====================================================================
c- p. 222)

Example:

l: L :

A : l: L : ~ A, l ;t t (7) A. T-t h' o


1}/:

B : f- t- i:: ~ Jt T \ '6 A. T-t o


;,.

1}/:

Picture B
Ask which of the people are the following:

2.

l'P t: h'
t rj) ,.{,

3.

t; :

4.

;Z 1)

1.

8 *O)fA*!f)(ft Japanese
(:

IUc

"fie

I: 7 %/.,

:I!'

Traditional Culture

~UH:t:s
'/}>

:SZ:*<

-~~

-S~A.6

Kabuki

Puppet theater

'-'!:;

~~~
s < ;::

lk

(!)')

Humorous storytelling

Masked musical

drama

''(,?

t;l';l?C?

~Jli:

ii
JJli:
(th.I:'?

Sumo wrestling

Judo

Japanese fencing

;j<}~

s*
""

(*Jli:)
~ I:'?

Tea ceremony

'.:!:_
l\

wrr
ctt.i:

(ii J1i:)
tJ C?

Flower arrangement

=i'Jli:
l-J:C?
Calligraphy

Useful Expressions

Colors
Therearetwokindsofwordsforcolors.
Group 1: l,\-adjectives

8 \'-------white

'f!'!.,,\ '-------black
<0

LOS

i]f\\' --------

if\ '--------blue

red

ihB

ihiJ'

~~\'------yellow
~

I,.

'JS

*- ~ \ '------brown
Jo "''OS

Thesewords becomenounswithoutthe \ '.


i]f\\ 'n'Lf,.(,

red bag

ihiJ'

i!f\h{\ \ t; (;f ,.{_,tf ~ -r-t


<hi!'

I like red the best.

Group 2: nouns
~ / 7

1) -

---green

JJ(~/ 7 v
t.

0 /

~ -------purple
tG~~

Ji-t'!)

gray

7-------pink

;rj( ~-----light blue

;,.-9,,os

1t~/:i-1v
~ lvt

,7.:>

These words need(!) in order to make nounphrases.


~/

7 ') - /<1)-t-

'1-

green sweater

Ji-t'!)

Hereare somewordsrelated to colors.

g~h{if \ 'T-t ho

You look pale.

8 'f!'!.,,<1)~~
L '<'Liv

black and white picture

n'B

ihB

LOS (OS

,;( 7 ') - ~ ,.{,,(;t1t~T-t


~ lvlf-:o

Mary has blonde hair.

gold

~~15 . :S:Z:5iiK;;

228

r~10~1 L E S S 0 NlOJ
~1*0JO)TAE Winter Vacation Plans
D

0
1

,J

BJ Klo-01;02

Winter vacation is approaching.


I) -

*- < -f,;: I) i

L f: ti

'5 t;

f:ltL:

:Z:Zo ,J/l}-~/v,

~Vf\.J,,.(j:(:'.''-)

,J/1)-:

~00-IJ'i"15~1:ff<-Jt

')T-t-lJ\

f: t t L :

\ '\ 'T-t ti o

,J

2
3

1) -

nlv::. (

<

t:

J- :

,J

,-.,;: ~~

\'

c:: ::: ~

"'(-

7 T-t

fJ'

~fi~;fO)A_: ll\ -. \ '-JT-th'o

t: 1 t L ~ 1v 1 ;t c:: ::: -1J, 1: fr


,, ~ i -t -1J,
};~fJ{-fJ_\\fJ'G,
::::::l:\\i-t"o

L ~ Iv I : }; ;,,. ~ It' ~ Ji{ -?


n

-t- .=.. }j

J: ""' <

t ::. 7 5

+::IL 8 T-t

L'.~? 1: il'-=>L'.? ( l:J;

6
7

~ff~:fO)A_:
rJ; ::.7n'cl>(>
1) ,J

u-1:

')

9 ~ft~:fO)A.:
u

r ; 7n'cl>(>

ll\

u-1:

nh.

!? !? ::< n

rJ ; ::. 7 n'' l ~,
u-1:
1) ,J
:

Iv I ;t ~nlvC.(00 0)

t: J: o

-r: ~

BJ Kl 0-03/04

1) -

/Z - ~

::k&fJ' G '/ 7 iv i -r:1fHf;f!O)f~ ~ })~\' L i -to

7 1J - :

-r: \ ' i

t: It

L '<' t, '

,J

,J

-c,

',

11 7 fJ{\ \ \ \ t .~ \ \ i -t h'o

I ;t }; \ ' L \ ' t -?

{;OJ

@ At a travel agency.
3

!'<

t; t

c:::::1:tf[~i-\:t/vo
I) -

it:*ll)(\'i-l:tlvo

tcPblv

--r- 7 -c-t -1J,

9f:ltL:
10

0)

Li-t-IJ'o

7 - Iv, tccblv
i"t 5~ 0) 11 7 fJ { ~u,
8 fJ' \ ' t t;i,.~\ ' i -t o T t ,

f: It L

s ,J 1

\'

~00 ta 5~ t c::-? i;

nlv::.

tc\blv

,3.v)>'\'-9

\0

7 Jv i T r: (' G \ 'iJ'iJ'

-*Mf<". G \ 'T-t o
cs L'. n1v1;11v

1)

i -th'o

h. n'

i -t J:

Mary: It is getting cold.


Takeshi: Yes. Mary, what will you do at winter break?
Mary: I am planning to go to Korea or Taiwan, but I haven't decided yet.
Takeshi: That's nice.
Mary: Which do you think is better, Korea or Taiwan?
Takeshi: Mm ... I think it is warmer in Taiwan. But Sue said that the food was delicious in Korea.
Mary: I see. By the way, are you going somewhere,

Takeshi?

Takeshi: I won't go anywhere. I don't have money, so I will stay here.


Mary: Is that so? Then I'll buy some souvenir for you.
Takeshi: Wow, thank you.

Mary: I'd like to reserve a plane ticket from Osaka to Seoul.


Travel agent: When is it?
Mary: December 19.
Travel agent: We have a morning flight and an afternoon flight.
Mary: A morning flight, please. Can I use a credit card?
Travel agent: Yes.
Mary: How long does it take to Seoul?
Travel agent: About one and a half hours.

~E

I]

rcfv

*k

fall

~=t'-

doctor

;;t -

.~

station

1?-ll'tl. t t;

t?~#t;

rich person

iJ'h
~-l:t-J

*~
*~r

face

if>~

\\L\"
-:\

'

~-- rj)

* 7

7 1:

v:)

';/

rj)

4-~L

~-JJ-F

.;t

+}- ';/

-JJ -

season
milk
cake

~~

this year
soccer
shirt

~-\' ''/

L iJ'-l::t ,.c
-t L

*n~**-

-l::h \iJ'-J
-l::t iJ' \ \
t; iJ' -r -J

~j~

life; living

1!1:-W

world

Shinkansen; "Bullet Train"


sushi

:tiBT~

subway

-r .)~ < .;
-r .)~ G

-t-~

gloves

~.)~ G

tempura

t : -\"

bK&.

barber's

ll ~

spring
pants

ll.J:7\\,.C

~~~

beauty parlor

u:

f~

flight

')'ti

j!yi}

ship; boat

-\"~rp-)

JfJ)j(

baseball

1f~A.

celebrity

-ttll

reservation

*ey:M

next semester

credit card

7-+

n s

Nou

Bl

i::J
c

/ ''/

11)-)6')\\t,.C
* .J: -\" <
G \ \ iJ{--> ~
') ,.(_,

:'

a d j e c t i v e s
8-IJ'\ \
* if> t. t.iJ' \ \

apple

l,' ~

* Words that appear in the dialogue

warm

Kl0-05

}:; -'(- \

-t-f'L\\
~ &'")

t: \ \

t;J.t;\ \

1!I \ \

slow; late

~ L\\

cool (weather-not used for things)

'Rt f::. \ \

cold (things/people)

H~\ \

sleepy

Mlfi

easy; simple

tJ:-adj
ective
iJ' A.J::.

/...; (1-.i:)

U-verbs

-: 6

to take (amount of time/money)

t i 6

to stay (at a hotel, etc.) ('"'-'!:)

(no particle)
*

f.,_,

58i 6

to become

:fld

* Ii G 7

to pay ("' ~ )

Ru-verb

*~&'J6

~&'")

to decide (""' ~)

Verbs

rregular

7 -t 6
*1./...;Lt1J7-t6
1)

J: .;

and

Adverbs

:Ot<.1t-t 6

to travel

*-*~-t 6

to practice (""' ~ )

Other

best

,.._, iJ' ~

for ... months

"-'i3t

in ... time; after ...

~\ \ -r

;h6\\-C
\d;lf'/...;
* ,-. ._,-IJ'\~
"-'iJ'lf~

Expressions
on foot
or

these days

.; <J) ;::".;

""'L t1J 7 iJ'/...;


* ,.._, -c

,. . .,~M

for ...

weeks

by (means of transportation);
with (a tool)

t'' 7 >\' ~
tt-_, G

-r

how; by what means


which

* t'' ~ 1;
* t''<J) <- G \ \

which
how much; how long

,.._, tJ. /...;

'"'-'-1f

... years

Ii>\'<

.!f- </it<

(do something) early; fast

Comparison between Two Items

In Japanese, adjectives have the same shape in noncomparative and comparative sentences;
there is no alteration as in "great/greater:' The idea of comparison is expressed by adding
something to the nouns that are compared.
A 0)1; 51J'I B J: fJ 1 (property),

o/ 00 0) I l 7 fJ{ 8 ;$. J:

A is more (property) than B.

*-. ~ \ 'Ti" o

1)

I: ll'lv--BB

t,,;')c."<

China is larger than Japan.

You can ask for another person's opinion on two things in comparative terms.

AC: BC:

=
I\' A

~Jf..

t t'' '?

I C'::>~la:5

C'~SO)l;5

21J'

(property),

Between A and B, which is more (property)?

-t; 0) I l 7

fJ{tJi; \ \Ti"-/;'

~!vL~

~T

Which is cheaper, (going by) bus or (by) train?

Comparison among Three or More Items

In comparison among three or more items, the degree qualifier \ ' t; I ;f ,{, is used.
[(class of items) O)cpc] A 1J'll, '~ ld'.'f\J (property),
f;t.tJ

=A is the most (property) [among (a class of items)].

o ~7 t 7 7 /At

8 ;$.O)o/T,
1: lilv

t;J:i)

z;

I;{\'

t; If'*\' Ti"IJ'o
'5t;

Between Russia, France, and Japan, which country has the coldest climate?

In real life, the phrases A <l) 11 7 -/;"and B .J: 1) often appear in the reverse order, making it very easy to be misled
into believing the opposite of what is actually said. Don't rely on the word order, therefore, to decide which item
is claimed to be superior. Listen carefully for the words <l) 117 -/;"and .J: 1)
2
In place of t" t; G <l) 11 7 and t''-:> t; <l) 11 7 , you can also use t" t. G and t''-:> t;. Any one of these can be
used in question sentences seeking comparisons between two items. t . -:> t; and t"-:> t; <l) 11 7 are slightly
more colloquial than t . t; G and t t; G <l) 11 7 .

o /TIJ{\ \ t; !LC*-\' t ~\ \ i-t o


tit

O:t;

Russia is the coldest, I think.

-*W(J)t:f T\
~ -tt0

\-:)/;{\ \ t; Lf,.C*f-~ T-tlJ'o

t.:n'

What season do you like best?

If',(,*!-~ T-t o

*kl;{\\ t;
a;,~

I like fall the most.

Note that the words (})I l 7 and t --:i -t; are not used in statements of comparison among
three or more items. Normal question words like t: *1, t . *1, M, \ '-J, and t .. : are used
~:!:

instead.3

adjective/noun

0)

When a noun follows an adjective, and when it is clear what you are referring to, you can replace the noun with the pronoun (}), "one:' You can use (}) to avoid repetition.
5' - ~ #-:i l \ \ i -t

;ft. (;i ~ \ \-tblcl

<;,

iJF \ \ (7) t #-:i

<J;,n'

l \ \ i -t

(7) = -t- 5' - )

I have a black sweater. I have a red one, too.

~\\#-.~J'.\\l:ff~i
'(>-j-

t l

n'

Lf:o Tt\\\\(J)f;<:;:hl)

i-l,.CTLl:o

((7)=#)

\'

t l

I went to buy an inexpensive dictionary, but there were no good ones.

\.,)-adjective
.
.
1d:-ad1ect1ve

noun

\.,)-adjective
tJ:-adjective

0)

Similarly, a noun following another noun can be reduced. Here, a sequence of the form
"noun. (}) noun," will be reduced to "noun, (]):'You simply omit the second noun.

\ \\ ' it, ..Z- ;tt I ;i ,J T


Is this Sue's bag?

1)

:S /: (7)

T-t o

No, that is Mary's_.

The tendency is to use t" ;It when a list of items is presented, and to use 1PJ when a group is referred to collectively. Compare:
~"
I) ,{., : .Z,,. h' ,{., t'. ~ < G ,{., iJ'O) tf-("_ t'';/1..'h<'\ \ i; If ,{.,'feJ- ~ T'-9 h'o
t:..tr
T
Which do you like best, apples, tangerines, or cherries?
< f: t O)O)tp"(",
Mn'\'
i; lf,(,-feJ-~ Ti'h'o
'J:1.i'
i:.i:
-r
What fruit do you like best?

7 ~

1)

fJ (!) 7 1 A ~

1)

J: IJ t? \ \ L \ \ T-t

(!) 1 l 7 f.l' 8 *(!)


I: li/v

American ice cream is more delicious than Japanese one.

noun, O) __

1)

follows verbs in the present tense short forms to describe what a person is planning
to do in the future. You can also use a verb in the negative plus --:i t ') to describe what you
are planning not to do, or what you do not intend to do.
--:i

verb (present, short)

OfiIi)
PtcL

~*-1:::

LH ;!'-::>

t: It

+ -::Jti fJ re.

(I) intend to do ...

1; -c-t

L :5 Iv t 7-.:::.. A. f-t 6 ~ t

I intend to play tennis with Takeshi this weekend.

Ji T 7t j:. Ii ;t L

~;< Ltc-t!c/v-ttl'

t: *~
tcc'il(

I:::

* t:\ , ~ t
~

1) T' +,

Professor Yamashita does not intend to come to school tomorrow.

t? ~ f Jt 1::: ff < ~ t
-Ct;

Jj.

1J

-c L t: f.l '-

I,,\

~ ~ f.l' J: <

-CA,~

-rJ. f.l,

-:J

t: f.l, G , ff ~ i -tt Iv c L t:

\,\

We were planning to visit a temple, but we didn't, because the weather was not good.

adjective +

"/J.~

The verb fJ. ~ means "to become;' indicating a change.


adjectives.
l,i-adiectives:

fJ. ~

follows nouns and both types of

to become warm/warmer
to become quiet/quieter
to become a company

1Cl:-adjectives:
nouns:

employee

B *-?o(!)~ 1Ai f.i'~ L <


1: llA- .:

"'-'"~'

t::

-rJ. 1)

i L

t.

Studying the Japanese language is fun now (though it was like torture before).

8*-?o(!)~1Ai
f.1'36-"9 ~ I::: -rJ. 1) i L t: o
(:Liiv::..
,-.z/v~.t~

I have grown fond of studying the Japanese language.

<

With \ --adjectives, the final \ ' is dropped and

is added, as in their negative conjugations.

A common mistake is to expand the pattern of -fJ.-adjectives and nouns and use 1: with v
adjectives. It is wrong to say, for example, x
When an adjective is used with

-fJ. 6,

B. n' \ 'I:

~u,

-fJ.

v-

6.

a question arises whether the sentence describes an

absolute change (e.g., "it has become warm, hence it is not cold any longer") or a relative
change (e.g., "it has become warmer, but it is still cold").

-fJ.

6 sentences are ambiguous in

isolation. If you want to make clear that you are talking in relative terms, you can use the
pattern for comparison together with

-fJ.

6.

~ T 1) - :S ,.(,(:i;W J: ') 8 ;;t?of.r'J:..:f-1:-fJ. ') i L f:o


;!';(_

1: li!v.::

l'.11 i'

Mary has become better in Japanese than before.

In Lesson 8 we learned the Japanese expressions for "something" and "not ...

anything;'

M
;j:(:

-IJ' and Mt. As you must have noticed, these expressions are made up of the question word
;j:!:
for things, M, plus particles -IJ' and t.. Other expressions for "some" and "any" in Japanese
;j:(:

follow this pattern. Thus,


something

someone

somewhere

not anything

not anyone

not anywhere

As we noted in Lesson 8, these words are used by themselves, where particles Ii, 1;\ or
would be expected. It is, then, interesting to observe how these expressions
other particles, such as 1:, "'-,and

-c. These

interact with

particles appear in the places shown with un-

derscores above. Let us look at some examples.

\ ' \ ' ;{.. , r : ""' t fi,, ~ i -1 ,.(, T L t: o


Did you go anywhere?

No, I didn't go anywhere.

t .: tL n, -a;,
1: ~ \ , i L t: n, o

\'\';{..,

Did you see anybody?

No, I didn't see anybody.

Mn' Li

\ ' \ ' ;{.. , M t

~(:

L l:h'o

Did you do anything?

"f

t.:tt.1:t~\'i-lTLf:o
ili)

~!:

L i -1 ,.(, T L f: o

No, I didn't do anything.

-c

You can use the particle "C with nouns that describe the means of transportation and the
instruments you use.
We eat our meals with chopsticks.

:.if.?o T~ L i L

1: li!v

.:

J: -)

Let's talk in Japanese.

li>d:

A T.!ID\ i Tff ~ i L t.

I ,-

;{_ ~

I went to the station by bus.

I..'

I saw a move on TV.

,
~I~./~~3

17~

~10

E x p re

ss i o n

N o t e s

'"~--------------------------------------~

CfiF.i
CCf~~O)fJ!!1Jl(tij
t> *91J' _..We sometimes use iJ> and it c: (but) at the
C t!.fv
L 2
r.Jfu
end of a sentence when we want our partners to treat what we have just said as a
given, common ground to build upon. These words often indicate the speaker's
intention to give her partner a chance to react and speak up. By relegating the
right to speak to one's partner, they also contribute to the politeness of one's
utterance.
In the dialogue, the travel agent lays out the relevant information on the table;
there are two flights, one leaving in the morning and another in the afternoon. 7;>
attached to her sentence indicates that she wants to build upon, and move forward with, these pieces of information. Instead of asking the obvious question,
namely, c<"b GiJ'v'v'l"TiJ\ the agent chooses not to finish her sentence, and
lets her customer come forward with an answer immediately.

10
"I

m10~~

~~Pract
:rtfv
L,>1>3

A.

Look at the pictures below and answer the following questions.


Example:

Q :

~-*" t / < /\ t r. i; G

liV

(a)

Picture (a)

3.

4.

14,000
-=-8*M-
*fr.tf*7'R
t /< /\ t: r. i; G 0) 11 7 h{:i! \ '--C"-t h' o
L.
1:
l!viJlv-tt;.,
liv
*fr.ff~
t ~-*" t r. t; G 0) 11 7 h{:ii \ 'T-t h' o
l!v~!v-\tlv
-C,t.,L<>
B~
6,000
-C8*M
*BB
l 1? L. illv
*fr.ff~
t /<:;z t: r:-1; G 0) 117 h''!fi\ 'T--f h'o ~,&;.
l!vi!,t.,-\t,t.,
v-t
~-*" t: / -;:;z t: r:-1; G 0) 11 7 h{~\ 'T--f h'o
:1L8*
M 9,ooo
-Clvl<>
tciJ
< L. i)!v
i)/vlj:A,

====

Picture (b)
5.

Kl0-06

11 7 h{:i! \ 'T-t h' o


liV
1)1!\,-t-to

-Clvl<>

2.

SJ

0)

-C Iv t, <>

A: /\'/\0)(1777{~-*"J:

1.

.. 237

:Jt)iQ;:it t: :IL j'I'] t: r: --:ii;

0)

:IL !ll'l t: VJOO t: r: --:ii;

1171J{1J\ ~ \ 'T-t h'o

li0ilcI:'?

6.

'\~?L>?

'\ P"i i. 7

0)

L::_(

117 1J{:k ~ \ 'T-th'o


BB

i?c

Picture (c)

~ Iv t: viJi ratc ~ Iv t: r: --:i i;

0)

tl

J.i ffi ~ Iv t: #:t. ~ Iv t: r: --:i i;

0)

I l 7 1J{1f 1J{1~ \ 'T-t h' o

0)

117 h{*\
'T--f h'o
bi!

7. ffi i:f

t: ,,,,.,,

8.

t:
9. ffitf

-t-r

vi

10.

Ji ffi ~ Iv

vi

tc

(b)

z #-t-r ;t.~ Iv t:
!'<

r: --:i

o<

-tt

!'<

~Iv t: -ti"'
#:t.!'< ~Iv t: r: --:ii;
t: ,,,,.,,

7 h{if-it h{~toil \ 'T-t h' o

i;

0)

I l 7 h { ~ h { m \ ' T-t h' o


,.,,,,.

(c)

:IL j]]
~1ji-JLrp-j

(i'

;,ti1

*__,__

)j',

B.

Pair Work-Make

questions

using the following

When you answer the questions,

cues and ask your partner.

add reasons for your answers if possible.

~/
}{-.. (ff~)
t,:-:o
,;,.p
-t

Example:

A : ~ t }{-.. t t'' t; G ( 0) I l J) fJ"ff ~ -r-t iJ' o

___.

-t

,;,.p

t,:-:o

8: ~0)(17-IJ"(}{-..J:
,; .p

t,:-:o

1)) ff~T-to
-t

(or~t}{-..tff~T-to/~t}{-..t
1d:"J
,;,wp
t"
fd:--J
,),vJ)

~ G\'T"to)

A : t .. 7 L -c-c-tfJ'o
B : 571'.
(' 0) fJ"ff ~ T-t iJ' Go
;;.1:
-t
1.

2.

-tL/~.;~G

(J:;\'L\')

mifJ"\ '\ 'A/fJ'-:>:


\'\'A ot (ff~)
i:,t
-t

Mc

3.

Jr
J>i( / +t "/ fJ V '\ ~

4.

9=700;f4-JJ/84'-;ft:EI

-j

IJ

t,,p-j .: ( 1) d

Oo

(A.~ fJ" <f:> 6)


l:/v

I: 11/vl) d

!;

IJ

(ff~)
T

1ftff~
(ff~)
,;,;,
1!' .::_~ !.'
-t
8 4'-0) if-/ F 1 ''/ (Germany)
1: lilv
(u
~'if/
t; 'l t; + Ur Iv t: !v)
-/J/v l

5. :ffl'i} /
6.
7.
8.

*/*k

9.

IH>

10.

A.

<f:> fJ.' f::. 0)

0) }{-.. /
,;,.p

*O) ::fj~/

I: 11/v

if- ( \ '\ ')


(J.,j'

(ff~)
-r

;!;!;

1: lilv

0)

00
0) }{-..
< 1:
,;,vp

<f:> fJ.' f::. 0)

-1!cc-/)-:::>

&,Uc

00 0) ~5~
< 1:

-1icC-/J-::>

Look at the pictures on the previous page and answer the questions below.

@!] Kl0-07
Example:

Q: :O)tfT,

t'"tlfJ"\'i;(;f/vi!\'T-tfJ'o

>d:-/J

A:

Ii'(>

~fr~#tfJ"\'i;(;f/vi!\'T-to
llv-/J'lv-1!: Iv

Ii'(>

Picture (a)
1. : 0)

tf T,
id:~

ttt. fJ"\ <t; (;f lv:il \ 'T-t iJ' o


;;~

Picture (b)

3. :

V') o/

T,

r: Ir"\ d; (;f ,.(,:;k ~ \ \ T-t-lJ'o

T,

r-: -/;{\ \

t; (;f ,.(,1J\
-;i.,

t:' *1..-IJ{\ \

t; (;f

~~

4. :

V') o/

BB

-/J:.f.p

~ \ 1 T-t-lJ'o

Picture (c)
5. .;

V') o/
~~

-r-,

,.(, =tr'-IJ{~ \ \ T-t-lJ' o


-1t

6. :V')o/T,
~i)

7. .;

V') o/

~~

t:'tt-lJ{\1-t;(;f,.C:t-\\T-t-lJ'o
bi)

l'',

f:_' *1..-IJ{\ \ i; (;f ,.(,~ -IJCr{\ \ T-t-lJ'o

~i)

i)l,.

~i)'

B. Pair Work-Make questions using the following cues and ask your partner.

1t""'i~/ff~
t:
tOJ
1

Example:

Q: '1t-"(i~V')o/T,

--+

tOJ

t:

1.

jk_.,Z, .i~/ff~
tOJ
_,

2.

{!!-,W.V') !BJ/ ff~

5.

1f~A../ff~
oJ)-j

6.

-1t iJc

3.

"'''(;;A.,

C.

it

~1:

a *ti- J!/

4.

0)

-iPJ-IJ{\ii;(;f,.(,fJ-~T-9-IJ'o

~iJ

~ G\

I: liA.,IJ; -j IJ

7. 777./\l\I~~

1f~/ff~
B/viJ'<
T
::}jp/ff~
"'-lt-::>

_,

< -ltC

i)<

8. 7 7 7. /=tr'-IJ{~ \ \
tci!

-1t

9. 7 7 7. /

_,

t: < ~ ,.(,1t-"(
6
t:

Group Work-Make a group of three or four people. Ask each other questions
and make as many superlative sentences as possible about the group.
Example:

A~,.{._,-/;{\ 1-t;(;f,.C:t-\

: V')o/T,
-/J:.fJ'

T-t o

~'.)1)1

B ~ ,.{._,-!;{\ 1 t; (;f,.(,=tf'-IJ{~\

c ~,.{._,-!;{\It;

(;f,.(,

-1t

tctr

.J: <

i{

\ T-t o

<

7 7 7. (:*i

Bf-

-t

"'

D. Class Activity-First form pairs and make comparative and superlative question sentences with your partner. (You should know the answers.) Then ask
questions to the class. The rest of the class answer the questions.
Example:

i;J.i (Mt. Fuji) t: .I.~


,;,

t ~A-

mt: o/

~ ,.(,

~iJ

z Ji lB ~
'(>1

,.<._,

t.'.

v 7.

{!!- ,W.V') Jj
t:J: i)C

( (:

~iJ'

Tr- :

tciJ

biJ

!<, 7

V') o/

-h"~\ 1 T-t-h'0

t: t:'' t. G V') 1 l 7 -IJ{:t- \ \ T-t-lJ' o

7 7 7. V') o/ T~ 8 t: *1..-IJ{\ \
~iJ

t: t:''-f; G (J) (l 7

~ (Mt. Everest)

-,j{\ \

t; ( ;f ,.(,};

~ f

iJio

-:i

t; I ;f ,.(,1J\ ~ \ 1 T-t -IJ'


t,C

l" \ \ i -t -IJ' o
o

A. This is a refrigerator in a dormitory. Tell whose each thing is, using


Example:

: (])

1)

Iv :i;t

1) --::

(J).

(!K10-os

/v(J)T-f" o

(1)

B. Pair Work-Ask your partner the following questions.

~ ?
Example:

A:

>

~--i;G(J):::?-t-77"\'\'Ti""n'o

s : AA\ '(J)n'\

"'"'

'\'Ti"" o

AA\'

"'"'
(1) ~--t; G (J).;f- ~ 17'\ '\ 'T-t n'o
-c .;~ (J,

{[]

';$? t: \
':>//)

me
Guide
Book
Japan

E3:~~\3

Easy
Japanese
\

8*~
1: li/v

...t*~>Z)~
(:~g:;;
\

fJ' Iv t. Iv

z:

~ L \'

tttr

A. You are planning to do/not to do the following things next week. Tell what you
will/will not do using ~-::>ti1Jc9. Bl]K10-09
Example:

~Bi 8

lf-"JJ: 7 1f

~Bi

If--:> J: 0 1f

1:*li/v ~wtJ: t;-J t

2. to do exercises

;rj(Bi 8

3. to do laundry

-t11J:

7 1f

T-t

Ex. to read books

k818
J: 7 1f
fJ'

1)

L to practice the piano

::t.818
t<J:7 1f

4. to write letters to friends

5. not to go out

~818
~,u
7 u

6. to eat dinner with friends

7. not to study Japanese

818
t" J: 7 1f

8. to stay at a friend's

9. not to go home

8818

1: t, J: 7 1f

10. to clean a room

11. not to get up early

B.

Answer the following questions.


Example:

8 0)'1-1~, tg 7~ L i -tn'a
~BJE, T i- t. f Ji i -9 fJ'a

1. ~

~J:-)

2.

.:

.:

-"Z/v~.t?

.; !vli!v

;;,.

J{\\~~fLi-tfJ'a

ch~-:>-c

3.

t.o:

iJ'

#J!f1"F
1Ji-tn'a
l.P-)-:i
IJ;')
IJ
.=:.j:p.q~, 8*1::\\;i-ffJ'o
:C' /viJ/v .:
t; l'!/v

4.1)!;.tz,

-:J(

5.

*-~:Mt
8*-?oftg7~
L i-tfJ'a
Gt"'iJf-:i ~
tl/v .:
....Z/v5.t?

6.

A.

t.,

Describe the following pictures.


Example:
Ex.

5 ;h. \'

~~

5 ;h.\'

--+

@DK10-10

5 ;h.\ 'I::

fJ.'

1)

i L

T: ;

. -~
+~

(2)

Jt'A
lf/v

!'

(3)

*
;f;;f;

5\\

(4) ~f;{JJf \ \
-/)'J-).

Ji.liJ'

(5)-Ui

(6)~\'
il;-:o

to) ~

(7'

,, ~

"

''...-,__:;'o~~
'

If

"-'--"-"-0

(8)

l2f:lf
,, l'<'

(9)

$.
li-0

...
B.

Fill in the blanks with appropriate forms.


L {Wll;i
-t- 0

3.

L'.

<:

4. ~

I::$

-'(> "''

t: o

-rJ.1) i Lf:o

''"

8 t 7 / f ~-*. ~ LT\' 6 -IJ' G,

-rJ.

;i'H:t,

tLkL~1

'h5@f t: < ~ ~k T, ~~-IJ{


0<1t

6.

-'(>

-f-1~0)Eff, Jt*-IJ{~ G\'TLf:-IJ\ <},


:: l::'t

5.

-rJ.' 1J i L

f L t: -IJ' G, 'lf~J.i -IJ{

+-Ji

t:o1c,t,if-:o

I/)

Ii 8 -IJ'-IJ'->
totJ

-rJ.

tdo

t: T-t-lJ\

::::

0) ::::;;

1)

1)

,,

? ,'.)\
'--

i L

t:

i L f:o

tc ')

i L f:o

"

A. Takeshi was sick yesterday. Mary did a lot of things without him. Answer the
questions based on the chart below. B!] K10-11
Mary

Takeshi

eat

sushi and tempura

nothing

drink

green tea and coffee

nothing

go

Osaka

nowhere

meet

Robert

nobody

do

watch a movie

nothing

(Ex.)

Example 1:

Example 2:

o:

~<7)-7_

A:

Ii\',

0:

~<7)7, f::ttL~A.,!iMll'~-"'i

;o<'/1J-~,tli1PTll'~-"'i

-t

L t:~.;~G f~-"'i

L f::o

t:

-ck

t:

t.:I:

A : \ '\ ' i.. , M


t ~---.::
i 1 ,<_, T L
t.:1:
t:
1. ~<7)-),

;><'JI}

- ~

,.{_,(j:1PJ"l)'$Xh i L
t,:1:

2. ~<7)-),

f:: o

f;:li'o
o

(/)

5. ~<7)-),

7 1J - ~ A.,!i t:: li't:::ff,, ~ i L f::li'o


t: ! t L ~ ,<_, Ii r : Ii' ! ::: ff,, ~ i L t.Ii' o
;><' 7 1J - ~,<_,Ii t:';ftll't:::~\ 'i L f:: li'o

6. ~<7)-),

t: ! t L ~ ,<_, Ii

7. ~<7)-),

;><'

8. ~<7)-),

f:: ! t

3. ~<7)-),
4. ~<7)-),

Lf::li'o

(/)

t: ! t L ~ ,<_, Ii M Ii '$k h i L t: Ii'


~t=

Lt::li'o

t:

t.:1:

;><'

;,

B.

t : ;ft Ii' ! ::: ~ \ ' i L f:: Ii' o


;,

7 1J - ~ A.,!iMll'
Li L
t,:1:

f::li'o

L ~ ,<_, Ii M Ii' L i L t. Ii' o


~(:

Pair Work-Ask your partner the following questions.


Example:

O : L~-)
~*-Mil'
Li L f::li'o
'J'-:o
t.:1:
A : Ii \ -. Bk@
f Ji i L f:: o /
,.z_i,, -/J{
J.;.

\ ' \ '

i.. ,

M t L i 1 ,<_, T L t:
~(:

1t 11! o:> 11! *-, t:'' ::: ii, t ::: ff ~ i L t.ii, o


LH!-::>
''
1t11!o:>11!*-,
t;:'*til't:::~~ \ i L f:il'o
-tt!vL~?
LP?!-::>
<h
~ 8 , 1iiJ il''it-"' i L t: ii' o
!'< ~ 0
t,:1:
to
-tt!vlA?

2.
3.

Mil'~Xh. i L f:il'o

4. ~B,

1J: t;

~ J: -)

5.
6.

(/)

~1J!
if> 1J!*-, t'.''::: ii' (:::f[ ~ i -t il'o
.:/vLtP-3
LtP-3-::>
~ 11! if> 11!
1iiJ
il'-t 6 -J t ') T-t ii' o
.:/vltP-3
Lt~?:--:>
7J.:\:

t'

*'

A. Look at the pictures and answer each question as in the example below.
Example:

0:

7 i;il'G,\iTt:'
'7-\"-:iT1t~
;{_ ~

E!JK10_12

i-til'o

\,\

A : 7

-t; ii' G .z!'<\ i T J3L ~~Tit~


i -to
'C/vL>e
''
(2)

~Ii
(3)

ru

1 hour

3~rnin

@)

E13Ll

1=1$ )~

(8)

(7)

(6)

~,,,
-=---)

:tt!J~
t;:

2hours ~

.:

>(>

.. "', ..

8 hours

~~

**
1:0c\d

B. Use the same pictures and answer the questions as in the example below.

Eill Kl0-13
Example:
A : 7

-t; ii' G .\
i T-t-71-il'il'
X. ~
L'..rJl-:J,;~/v

1)

i -to

C.

Ask three classmates

how they get from their houses to school and fill in the

chart.
Example:

7 t; IJ' G;k~ i

El~ ~lP..
T*-i-t
c/vL~,
$

tcc'n'<

--c r 7

~ -:i T *-i -th'o


$

0
A

A.

+.lift<". G \ \IJ'IJ'

i-t o

1)

[.:1p ~ :: ,),A.,

The chart below shows winter vacation plans for Mary and her friends. First,
answer the following questions about Mary's plan.
Mary

will go to Korea
with Sue

by plane

3 weeks

will stay at
Sue's house

will do shopping and


eat Korean foods

Robert

will go back to
London

by plane

2 weeks

will meet friends

Ken

will go to Tokyo
with a friend

by bullet
train

3 days

will stay at a
hotel

Tom

will go to the
by boat
south pole ( ii :f.:E)

2 months

doesn't know will take pictures with


penguins (""' / .:r /)
yet

~A-~ J: (

Takeshi

1. ,J
2.

will go nowhere

1) -

.:: I: L

.;.v)>~'-j

t_''-)~-:i(~l-"~T~i-tlJ'o
t''<7)

4. r_:::

.>: .i.->:

<

,.{.,(;t~if.<7)1'-1*-h 1::: r::: IJ'l:::fi


n1v.::

3.

->

<" G \\ff~
,,

<

',

will play at Tokyo


Disneyland

-J

1)

T-th'o

''

f:';ttt_f[~i"tlJ'o
',

i-tn'o

1:::58 i IJ i -tlJ'o
I:

s.

~lTM~-t6-J
n/v.:: (

>Joi:

1)

T-th'o

How about the others' plans? Make pairs and ask questions.

B.

Pair Work-Talk

about your plans for the upcoming vacation.

C. Role Play-One

of you works for a travel agency and the other is a customer.

Using Dialogue II as a model, make reservations for the following tickets.


1. From Nagoya to Seoul ( '/ 7 JI,,)

Jan. 1

1 person

morning flight

2. From Tokyo to Paris (1 {

Feb. 14

1 person

window seat

Apr. 18

2 people

aisle seats

Aug. 20

4 people

afternoon flight

1) )

3. From Osaka to Rome ( o - <)


4. From Tokyo to Bangkok (1 ,. /

J)

':J

window seat

= ~i't';N'{~IJ (!) 1$
-t!c~

aisle seat =

:ii.~1~U (!) 1$
-::>-j

-t!c~

0 "'"

Public Transportation in Japan


Japan's

public transportation

system is highly developed,

pecially

within metropolitan areas and between major cities.

The most common forms of public transportation

es-

are trains,

buses, and, in major cities, subways. The Japan Railways Group


(JR Group) has a train network covering almost all areas of the
country. Travel by public transportation

is enjoyable, safe, and

Shinkansen

efficient. Here are some tips for you.

If you are in Japan on a "Temporary Visitor" entry permit and want to travel
to different regions,

consider getting a Japan Rail Pass, which offers un-

limited travel on almost all JR lines (including

bullet trains, except Nozomi)

for a certain number of days.


If you are planning
Kippu (~ ~ 18 ~

a budget trip during vacation time, the Seishun 18


-::i ,~~)

itl.'l...~A.

Japan Rail Pass

may be the best option. This seasonal

discount

'

ticket gives you five days of unlimited rides on local and rapid-service JR
trains for only 11,500 yen.

Highway buses are another good way to travel between major

-~.,,:

cities. Compared with express rail services, highway bus travel


usually takes longer hours but costs less. Also, if you travel on
an overnight bus, you can save on accommodation costs.

.. ~

'

..;

il'li

"~=>-

._V

'

_p;;.

r.

~-~

1,;'i~

Highway bus

248

~ffi5 . :s'l:)*l\iil

Useful Expressions

At

t h e

Station

Types of Trains

1f,), 1!
-----local
"'.:)?
~
'~
1T------express
/-

;<~-j .;

-j

t9' ~IP?
,~------super express
C?

Destination

"-'ff~ -----boundfor ...


"'7J
w-----serving ... areas
IH!i>lv
\'

Types of Tickets and Seats

*if-~
t:d L.>eltlv

(boarding)ticket

@)~~

coupons

generaladmissionseat

r]$
L vJ>-j-t!-5

n'''T-i 1t1v

~~if5/v;i_/vl.>e
-%if\'i;C.'-j L.>e

nonsmokingcar

5tM~lt/v

commuter's pass

-W.~J
7"'

student discount

fiqt

round trip

t~JtJ#;5

reservedseat

illt
n'tc;t;.;;

one way

ti:-c D
('i;

exit

AD

entrance

c\' 5

1)< ( ;b I)

L. -C\'-\t

Car No. 1

t-n.><

Places in stations
"':l-MJ!.-----tracknumber ...
lf/v-\t Iv

t;J'J1f
~?

,)t

1G 1)
-)

:!:~---ticketvending area
{!

\' 1)

c.)(At-----gate

('i;

F~j9:

stairs

1J'l.'~"'.J

iJ'l., 'f~/v

;t - /.------platform

\ d; I ;f ,.(., 'M"--

first car;front end

1G J,5------shop;stand

\ ' i; Lf ,.(., 1~ iS-

last car;tail end

t;i_

-j L.

l;f\'-Clv

MiscellaneousPublicTransportationTerms

* ')

~;t
7l'
;jz(;t"'

transfer
next (stop), ...

-::>5'

7\:;}e
-It/vi!-::>

'b}f;
iA.

-----

~~

-----last train

departing second

L Ii-::>

{}")

departing first

L.~-j'(/v

Announcements

i t

< ~ J!i L i -9 o --------Wewillbe leavingsoon.

-f,f

lohL<'

~J!ih'$1J i-9 o ----------A train is arriving.


-Clv L<'
*''
;jz(;:t"' I:::: .il; i IJ i -9 o
Next (we'll stop at) ...
t

0Cf

~, 7 h'M i IJ i -9 o

:,,

5i ;t < t~' ~ \
f:,tp-}

'o

\,\

--The doors are closing. Please be


careful.

Expressions

:O)~J!i(;:tfk~'*l::::.tl:i
-c/: L <'

~ ~ ( ;:t
L~-i-Clv

I~ Ii G

M* T-9 h' o
;Ji, ~

1)

i-9h'

DoesthistrainstopatAkihabara?
Whattime is the last train?

t,:lv L.

jft ~ i --C''O){~Jt.J#; ~-;fkj?w.J[\' Li -9 o -One reserved ticketto Tokyo,


t0!u-i
L c\'"~
\'t,*''
tin'
please.

~t Jh'~;t i -9-h'o ---------Can I get a studentdiscount?


1

n'<n'!

0n'

A : }!~fr~
n'i(G\'

*
*
O)~J!i!;:t t:''it T-9-h'o
-ClvL<'

Which one is the train bound for Kamakura?


B :

=.ff#,'R
T-t
1: lilv-ltlv

Track number two.

11~

After the Vacation

Michiko and Mary meet after the vacation.

@!JKll-01/02

1H..1;::
2 ;;(

1) -

;;( 7

1) -

~Iv, J.... L ,;:

Li L

t:

1)

4H..1;::

\ '\ 'T-t *10

1)

T-t *10 1*h. Ii r: 7 TL f: iJ'o


~T

-t =-- < tctJJ


~ L iJ'--:) f: T-t 0

5 ;;(

1)

~~

tt:oo TYi \ \~~ f


iJ'A,::_ (

iJ'

{,tJJ

L t: ')'

tt:oo ;f!-l! f ~""


t:
t:
iJ'/..,::_ (I) J: ')

I)

51'1'

Ne L

t ~ff
L t: \ 'T-t o
IJ
J: ::_ ')

i ~ i ~ T L t: o -

6H..1;:

a t: 1 t

c't,i:t,

F 7 1 f 1:::: ff~ i L t: fJ\


''

a 1iv

;l'c,1:t,

"'1

@
1

BlKll-03/04

H..t;:~lv,

;;(/')-:

:tz.t:-t;f*~1r-Li-to
I: L

3 / ~ Iv I ;:t -lt/..,lf-:>
~ fL BI: *-I::::*i L t.o
li/v
!'<

3/3/:

:f-Va0iL-Zo
e t;

:t;G!;:t/3/~lvT-90

LdiJ'C'

BlKll-05/06

ill ~ ! ;:t r: : T-t fJ' o

1 h. 1; .; :

/ 3 / ~ Iv,

2 :,/3/:

:t-:A ~71)/0J"Tl//Z,-T-to

3 H..1;: :
4 / 3 / :

-t- 7 T-9-IJ'o

L~.., l/..,

h. 1; .; ~ Iv I ;:t "T 7 / A:- I:::: ff


,, --:)

t: :

t: fJ { ~ ') i -t fJ' o

\\\\;;{_, ~!Ji-tl'Jvo
Ji .l(>JHi:fJ{ ~ --:)

~,1

')if!.

-z, ~ n\ '-rJ. ?JT -c-t


1::0

J:

If v- ~ 1'-'1J11J

- 7

Tif
i; -c-r o
'1l'Jl6c'

ht:.~

,{,(;tr:.(!)

lB ~-r--tn'o
Le o Liv

*:Jf
T-t o ~J.t:!Qi
U 1::: *T < t: ~'
f.;:iJ'
<!Of!;
-tf V, 1t
,, ~ f::' \Ti" o

sht=.

IJ)

z.);

/:'

\o

~.--.;:~~

t:

t };'\ L \\Ti" J: o

i,IJ)

Michiko: Mary, I haven't seen you for a long time. How was your vacation?
Mary: It was really fun. I went shopping, ate Korean dishes, and things like that in Korea.
Michiko: Sounds good. I want to travel, too.
Mary: Did you have a fun vacation, Michiko?
Michiko: It was okay. I went for a drive just for one day, but I was working part-time every day.

Mary: Michiko, I want to introduce you to a friend of mine. This is John. He came to Japan last
month.
John: How do you do?
Michiko: How do you do? I am Michiko Yamakawa.

Michiko: John, where are you from?


John: I am from Cairns, Australia.
Michiko: Is that so.
John: Have you been to Cairns?
Michiko: No, I haven't
John: It has mountains and the ocean and is a beautiful place. It's famous for the Great Barrier
Reef. Where are you from, Michiko?
Michiko: I am from Nagano. Please come to visit me sometime. The food is good, too.
John: By all means, I would love to.

~E

Pi::l

re.Iv

(3!]

Nouns

* :t-::;z l- 71J1
1-J ii' L
1-J L J: 7 1.1'-J
1-Jt:O):
})i -') 1)
1-Jt-t;~
}) ,{, 1 ,{,

Australia

}) :~t-t-

snack; sweets

}) iE }'j

New Year's

!JJ 0) -1-

boy

})~ 1)

festival
toy
spa; hot spring

}) ,{, fJ.' 0) .;

girl

ii'\\:
<
ii' L tP
il'h

foreign country
singer
river

.f-,.. / 70
* .; -t; G
.; ,{,f.1'

-J

camp
this person (polite)
~

L~i;J:7
L:: tP ~-- J: 7
LJ:-JG\
1

L:: ,{, L:: ~


-') 1)

~~:M
:f-&

president of a company

~~~

class

f1*-

future

#:f

shrine

this semester

fishing

* F717--

drive

t'-1t,,

beer

ll L::

tP -JI.I',{,

;t::;z i--

art museum

7 r ~ J 1

h-f7h
* -\" i
tP >
it,,-t-.J -

host family
lake
mountain
dream

roommate

U-verbs

7-tf-J<
}) fJ. il'il'-t

to tell a lie

<

to become hungry

ii' 7

to own (a pet) ('"'"' f)

+r ;[,' 6

to cut (classes) ('"'"' f)

* Words

that appear in the dialogue

Kl 1-07

t'. 6

to take (a class); to get (a grade) ('"'""' ~)

G7
OJlf 6
Ii t: G <

to learn ("'

-rJ:

f )

to climb (place I:)


to work

Ru~verbs

"".J-/;'fl6
~&') 6

'Ji.ft.6

to quit ("' f)

Irregular
It

to get tired

Verbs

,(,-IJ'-t 6

to have a fight; to quarrel

* L J: 7 -/J'\ '-9 6
7 1 .r; ;; r -t 6

~1\'--t 6

t .; < -96
1J rp 7 -1;{ < -t 6

1/!~J-t6
m~-t 6

to go on a diet

and

Adverbs
;h t'.

* L rp -:i L A,
..z- L't
* "'t: It

to introduce (person I: person f)


to be late (for an appointment) ("' I:)
to study abroad (place I:)
Expressions

Other

q~

after (an event) (event 0))

tB Jr

coming from (place 0))


and then
just ... ; only ...

"' -r ,{_,

..

* U ~ L .;:

~ L .;: ')

1)

* i<hi<h
t -:> t'.

points

it has been a long time


okay; so-so
more

ADDITIONAL VOCABULARY

~*

G'O';?

-:> -/;'

(-f'p~.)

:/-r--J-1)

:A.

Kl 1-08

(Occupations)

writer

lJ:tP7

journalist

-/;'/..., : L (~~giji)

(31;-ff:)

(~*') police officer


L J: 7 If 7 L C5M:O)
i
/.._,-/;{-/;' (5fi*-)
ll\\11)7 ( 1~F11:)
actor; actress
7 t l'P 7 U: 7 L ('ii11Hf) astronaut
~ ~ rp 7 1 /..., L rp (Jt15](.1J!f-)
baseball player
t:\' t'. 7 IJ J: 7 (::k*1t~JO
president of a country
It\'~"'?-/;'/...,

G!l

actress
nurse
firefighter
cartoonist

You can use a verb stem (the verb form that goes before i -t) + f: \ 'T-t to describe your
hope or aspiration.

A,}JlO:>~JR!;L
.::

I:'

L$?;1'-::i

Bk_@J~Jtf:\'T-90
;<y

-IJ'

or Bk_@Jf}{Jtf:\'T-to
'-''

;,.--

-/J'

;,.--

J want to see a film this weekend.


\ '-J

fJ' !?$?::.'<
o/ 00 I::: ff~
,,

t: \ 'T-t

--

I want to go to China someday.


verb stem

tel.,rc9

I want to do ...

As you can see in the first example above, having t: \ ' attached to a verb slightly affects the
composition of the sentence. A verb that takes the particle f can have either the particle f
or iJ' when it is followed by t: \ '. Particles other than f remain the same.
The combination of a verb and t: \ ' conjugates as an \ v-adjective. Here are examples of
negative and past tense t: \ ' sentences.

ch O:> J,..1 ::: I i ~ \ ' f: <


U-1:

i'.;.' \ '

T-t o

I don't want to see that person.


/

-t-

J -iJ{J( \ 'f: fJ'


-/J'

"?

f: fJ' G,

7r~-

l- 1:::,ff
~ i L
,,

t: o

I went to a department store, because I wanted to buy a sweater.

If your wish is one you have entertained for some time, that is, if you "have wanted to;' you
can use t: \ ' t ;~--:> T \ 'i -t instead off:\' -c-t.
:ht

t: \ ' T-t

sentences are not usually used to describe wishes held by others. Somebody else's
wishes are usually reported in Japanese either as quotations, observations, or guesses. To
quote somebody, saying that she wants to do something, you can use t
,, --:> T \ ' i L t:
with t: \ '
l,.\

Mary said she wanted to go to Tibet.

\,.\

To describe your observation to the effect that somebody wants to do something,


use a special verb t. IJ{

-:i

<: \ '6 instead

off::.\' If a verb takes the particle ~,the derived

verb t: IJ{ -:i <: \ '6 will retain the ~, unlike f::. \',with
particles I;{ and ~.
;1

you must

7 1) - ~ ,{, (i:it4k/ ~:it f::. h"-:> l \ \ i


"tOJ-"

-t

which we had a choice between the

(It seems) Mary wants to wear a kimono.

The verb t: IJ{ -:i <: \ '6, which comes from the dictionary form f::. IJ{ 6, indicates "I think
that she wants to, because of the way she is behaving:' We will have more to say about this
type of sentence in Lesson 14.
I want to ... !Do you want to ... ?
. verb stem + re.\., rc9

. re.\.,' conjugates

They want to ...


. verb stem+

as an \.,'-adjective

1J1 or%

rc.tJ'?:>

rc.tJ'-:i"C\.,,~g

conjugates as an u-verb

%only

You already know that you can connect two clauses with the re-form of predicates, as in:

~:~~it"'
i +.
t:

:kfo.
T~ \ '4k/ ~ L -c
};};:'<n'
i
tOJ
-

liA-

Iii"

In Osaka, I will do some shopping and eat dinner.

This sentence, however, tends to suggest that shopping and dining are the only activities you
plan to perform in Osaka and that those two activities will be done in that order. If you want
to avoid such implications and want to mention activities or events just as examples, and in
no set order, you can use a special predicate form <t: ') < t: 1) -t 6.

:kfo.
T~ \ '4k/ ~ L t:
t;t;:'<n'
~'
tOJ
--

1) ,

a_t :~~it"' f::.


liA-

Ll:A-

1)

i:

L i -to

In Osaka, I will do such things as shopping, and eating dinner.

(activity A)

re. 0

(activity B)

re. 0 9 ?:>

do such things as A and B

To get the t: 1) form of a predicate, you just add 1) to the past tense short form of a predicate. (Thus we have L f::. 1) for the verb -t 6, whose past tense is L f::., and~.......,:: t: ') for~
i:
t:
. .-. .: 6, past tense~.......,:: f::..) Note that the helping verb -t 6 at the end of the sentence indicates
t:
the tense of the sentence. You can change a =]: 1) ""'f::. ') -t 6 sentence into the past tense,
or incorporate it in a bigger sentence, by working on the helping verb part.

~*l~L

~5~ L f:

tzt:t;
t~17
L t:
ct
IJ:>l:

1),

"iv'< d

l>'i ;!'-:::>

1)

Li

L f:o

I studied and talked with my friends, among other things, over the weekend.

ifm-:)
t:
he'

1t~
~ !ifl \ 'f:
h!v~'<

1) ,

1)

oi;

-t ~ 0) h'ff-9 ~ T-t

--

I like dancing, listening to music, and so forth.

The past tense short form of a verb


thing happened, in earlier times.

~
J.i I::: 1t--:) t: :
.s. c "Iv

t h' ;t

1)

O)l;f

+:

t: n\h ~ describes that you did something, or some-

+,

I have had the experience of climbing Mt. Fuji.

f: It L ~A, LH~ ~ ~ -f*A, r: : th' ;t


t.;o;;;

1)

~-.

i -l A,o

Takeshi has never been absent from classes (in his life).
verb (short, past, affirmative)

C:: C:1J'0

have the experience of ...

If somebody asks you a question using : t: n' S 1) i -t "h', you can just say S 1) i -t / S 1)
i -I:!: Iv or repeat the whole verbal complex (ff -J f: .; t: n' S 1) i -t I 1t-J t: : t: h' S 1) i
-I:!: Iv).

Have you ever been to Europe?

( l \ ', fi"
,, -:)
(l\\,
;ti)

t: :

t h' ;t I) i

-r ,

rr ,

(x (l\ -. .; t h';t ') i-t o)


Yes, I have.

OJ

noun A~

noun B

"(" connects two nouns, as does t: . "(" suggests that the things referred to are proposed as
examples, and that you are not citing an exhaustive list.
A and B, for example

At-'B

ff: ~ \"'

~ .t? t

* ~ I::: ff ~ i
1j:

i::,

I.'

t:

I went to Kyoto and Nara (for example, and may have visited other places as well).

~l l~ .. 257

~I~/-~11
0~5

Expression

11fu

Notes

~""""'------------------------------------

Id: in negative sentences+ In negative sentences, you often find the particle Ii
where you expect iJ{ or ~. Observe the reply sentences in the dialogues below:
Q : LlJT)t1:.li7 v~~Ji!.i-97'.l'o Do you watch TV, Prof Yamashita?
>(>

j'

lJc-lt Iv-It\'

A: v'v';t,
Q :

::J - ~

A: v'v';t,

1;

-rveliJi!.i-l'lvo
=r:;

No.Ldon't.

-7J{~-f ~ \:.""9-/J>o

Do you like coffee?

:::i-~-li~~
--t

t.~id:v'\:."io

No, I don't.

~ and 7J{, respectively, would not be ungrammatical in the above examples.


Many Japanese speakers, however, find the Ii versions more natural.
The rule of thumb is that negative Japanese sentences tend to contain at least
one Ii phrase. If you add ;fk Ii to the sentences above, therefore, the need for Ii
hU
is already fulfilled, and Japanese speakers feel much less compelled to use Ii after
T l> ~- and :::i - ~ - .

Ii may also follow particles like\:." and 1:.


*~!\:."Ii~
Lt::.\ id: v' 1:."i" o
;_~,
.;
.:
-!ii"j:

I don't want to speak in English.

~
il~H:-li1T-ci
i:': t 7'.1{;:!0 ~ i-1' lvo
U-Ji_,)L1:
~,

I have never been to Hiroshima.

tcl1.,_ You can add t!. ~t to numbers to talk about having just that many items. t!.
~t implies that you have something up to the amount needed, but not more than
that.

I have met that person just once.

-0t!.~t1:rr,,~7J{<:
10 ~ i -to
V'I:
--l"?tlv
:=-t:5tt!.~tl!liJo Lt::.o
~/vt.~p.,,)~/v--

I have just one question.


I slept for just thirty minutes.

t!. ~t suggests that you can live with that few, though the number admittedly
could have been higher. We will learn another word in Lesson 14, namely, L ii>,
which means "only" in the sense that you do not have enough of.
IL: .,_You can use the particle 1: to indicate the occasion on which you do something.
I ate salad at dinner.

11
...
~

v:

can also indicate the role you want something to play.


I bought a postcard as a souvenir.

i--;:5.-("::7"~ F 71 7'' is used when you go somewhere by car for pleasure. To say
"to have a drive" or "to go for a drive," use F 7 1 7'' 1: TT or F 7 1 7''-9 ~.
\'

iii}]

i--C F 71 7"~:1'T ~ i l.J:/ F 71

;;,-n;;,

\>

7' Li

<

Lt-::a

I went for a drive to the lake.


When you simply want to say "to drive a car" (not necessarily for pleasure), use
Jl~iT ~ instead.
'j lv-C Iv

Br; is:--C
1f!: ~Jl~i
Lt-:.::
!llv
< J.d:
-) lvl Iv

c il'lb

~ i Til'o

Have you ever driven a car in Japan?


~~~'like the English word "dream," has two meanings. One is the dream you
tjl!b
VI>>'.>
have while sleeping; the others the dream that you wish would come true. To say "I
have a dream," in Japanese, you use the verb Je.~
for sleeping dreams, and 1c;f-:J
,,
t
-C v' ~ or lb~ for your visions.

~-) rZ.:: :bv'~~ Jl i Lt-::a

I had a scary dream last night.

~~tc;f-:Jl"v'iT /~il'lb ~ iTa


'""'
t
VI>>'.>
lb id: t:(!) L.t-)Gl'
:I~ (!) ~tP> Ii {PJ--C
T ii' o
t:t.!v

I have a dream.

VJ)//)

,;.,._

What is your future dream?

IL: Id:~ The particle Ii often follows the particle 1: in sentences describing a place
in terms of the things that are found there.

(1)3R;?-1:1i7;\t-J~J:-)-(2) 3R;?- 1: f';\t-J~J:-3-

ril't-::< ~!vlb~ iTa


l- il't-: < ~ !vlb ~ i Ta

There are many department stores in Tokyo.


There is a subtle difference between the two sentences. The first sentence is about
the places: they answer questions (either explicitly asked, or implicitly) like "What
is Tokyo like?" The second sentence, on the other hand, is an answer to a question like "Where do you find many department stores?"
See the grammar note discussing the difference between ii' and Ii in Lesson 8.
In the case of the particle I:, the contrast is between the simple I: and the combination 1: Ii. (See also the grammar note on counting people in Lesson 7.)

*l ~
tlfu

l.,1\1>3

A. Change the following phrases into

(Ii\')

---+

/\//\'--Ji-"f1t""f.:\'T-to

(\'\';;t)

---+

/\//\'--fi-"f1t""f.:

tc

<

l:::ff
,,

(Ii\')

*~ ** ~

6.

3.

)Ji!.tU::::ff
< (Ii\')
B!v-lt!v
c
t1J".) < 1Hid:; (\'\';;t)

j'L/vL~j

-t 6

~;f(J);f*1:::-t.i.'6

(\\\\;;{_)

L<> Sl-)

a:;tz1:::1it;

(\'\'il)

m~-t6

C(i\')

Jil:::if6

(\\\\;;l)

IJ~H'<
vi

O)if

Pair Work-Ask if your partner wants to do the things above. When you
answer, give reasons as in the example.

A : / \ / / < - ti- f 1t "" f.: \ ' T-t

Example:

t:

t: \ , T-t o t? -r.i. n, n { -t \ ' -r \ ' i


1t""' t: < -t.i. \ 'T-t o :S ".) ~ 1t""' i
~
~

-t

n, G o /

\ '\ ';;t,

t: n'

Change the following phrases into

t? t t;

Example:

>\' (}) ~~
-ClvL<'

1.

2.

(( i \ ')

---+

( \ '\ ';;t)

---+

-r v i::: f

Ji, 6
;,.

1Jtff;Jtl:::*-6
1.} .; -j $

4.
5.

*- f
1,.1,v'J.

f-t 6

ftiJ -J

Kl 1-10

T~.)~
a>i-t-

t; >\' (}) ~~ T~

a>i-t-

-C!vL<'

-t; >\' (}) ~~

-r Iv L ,,

Ll f.: n' ".) t: T-t o

T~ rf'f.:

<

l:::ff,,

<

a>ii-

r,

6. j:)~

((l\\)

7. t }/f~J

1-=>

')

-tin'".) t: T-t

((i\\)
(\\\\;;l)

id:'G

(\\\\;;t)

((i\\)

;Ii

~i'X. f ~ 6') 6

1J'-o.::-j

Go

~rc.G' sentences in the past tense. GI]

-T-1~
(}) *,
t? t
.; t't
t $
-T-{~<7)*,
t? t
.; t' t
t $

0)

3. Jj'-L--.

n' o

B : 1 i \ , , 1t""'
t:

C.

10.

((i \ ')

;Ii

I: ll/v

9.

(Ii\')

f Jl -J

(:1,"

8.

-t.i.'\'T-to

a:;tz-r
-lite~
11<
1: ll/v

7. ~

((i \ \)

v-t

1Jc L ,,

<

t:

8I: li!v C: f

5.

Kl 1-09

t:

2.

4.

B.

5;l;JJ

Ji.t-iJ;

~rc.G' sentences. GI]

/\ //\'--Ji-"f1t""'6

Example:

(\\\\;;t)

8.
9.

~fif~-t6
-j!v-C!v

<U

1f ij 1::: -t.i.' 6

( (i \ \)
( (i \ \)

op -j ""''

10.

~ ;;t--<7:::<(:::~-J
.,,

((;i \ ')

D.

Pair Work-Ask if your partner wanted to do the things above during their
childhood.

E.

Pair Work-Ask your partner the following questions and report the answers
as in the example. See p. 253 for occupation vocabulary.
A: tt,Z,~A,!iMfJ{it"'f::\'T-t-h'o

Example:

t:

1,:1:

B : t:. -If fJ{it"'


0

i:

A:

---+

t: \ 'T-t

(t,{,~,{,(;J:t:. JffJ{it"'f;:\\t

-J(\\;i

t:

\,\

Lf:=o

( t t A, ~ A, Ii t:. +f ~ 1t"' f:: fJ { -") --C \ ' i -t o)


0

t:

,fl.:~t:MfJ{it"'f::\ 'T-t-lJ'o
V' Q

IUv

t:

I,: I:

MfJ{\d;lfA,yt\'f::\'T-t-h'o

2.

iJ

1,:1:

3. t' : t: \ d; If A, ff ~ f:: \ ' T-t fJ' o

t:'.'*1t: \ '~ !fA,~\ 'f::\ 'T-t-lJ'o

4.

"'

s. M~~\
'f::\ 'T-th'o
Id:(:
~!?
6. A,~0:>~;Tz,
-::/ol~-i

A,,

7.

1,1-J:

8.
9.

Id:!:

h'o

t. T-t

-1-11t
0:> 8'f, Mt:
.; l:'t
I:";
1,:1:

-r.:

*1*-,

f::\'T-th'o

1PJ(:-fJ.'1)
ld:t:

1)

f:: h'-")

h' o

A,~:Jt:J30:>{~, MfJ{Lf::\'T-th'o
-::1oiJ<0

F.

1,:1:

M ~ L t: < -r.n 'T-t

L J: ~I? l.i'

10.

MfJ{Lf::\'T-th'o

L~-i1-=>

"'

;J;,1:

1,:1:

Complete the following sentences.


1.

A,B Ii\'\ ''T..!frJ::fJ, G,


0:-~0

-Clo"'

~~~~~~~~~~-

1i.*1
f:: h' G,
".Ji)

~~~~~~~~~~-

f::

<

'T-t o

t: \ 'T-t

~~~~~~~~~~-

3.

f:: \

-t-J. \ '

T-t o

A.

Tell what the following people did on the weekend using +t:

Example:

1.

-)

3 ./

o +t:

fJ 9 G.

BI] Kl

1-11

saw temples in Kyoto, went to a museum, etc.

t. It L : went camping, went for a drive, etc.

2. ~ J:

7 .: : made sweets, played

games at home, etc.

3. A - : went to Osaka to have fun, went to eat, etc.


4. It Iv : cleaned his room, did laundry, etc.
5. o / '\'-

~ : met friends, watched movies, etc.

6. Ji '-f 7C ~ : went to a hot spring, rested, etc.


'(' ;J' Ltc-tt !v-ttc'

B. Look at the pictures and make your own sentences using

C.

=t: fJ <ti: fJ 9 7a>.

Pair Work-Ask your partner the following questions. When you answer, use
~rc.lJ~rc.lJ97a> as in the example.
Example:

3.

B*-TM"fLiLf::.f.l'o
(: (l/v
1d:(:

<h -r,.: f::. (7) 00 T ! .t 'h iE ~


<I:

I :::

Ld7l'-=>

<

4.

-Tf~(J)lfif,
;:_ l:'t
I: 5

5.

B*-TM"f
1: lilv
t,:1:

Lf::.\'T-91.i'o

Mf
t,:1:

Li

M f L i -t I.I'
t,:1:

L f::.l.i'o

7. 7 7 A. TMf

L 1" Ii\ 'It i-tt,{,h'o

8. ~Jj[(l)~*--

Mf-t6-J
>d:I:

ld:i:

c.):

9.

L~01-:>

/::

Mf
>d:I:

T-th'o

1)

-t 6 (l)n{#~ T-tn'/ ~ G \ 'T-th'o


1-

A. The following are what John has or hasn't done. Make the sentences using

B!l Kl 1-12

~L.(:1J'l(l57a:J.

Example:

B.

x go to Tokyo

--+

~-;~ G f~-"'l::

-r:;..,

Jit
c? 5d

t: n{~

t:

I: ff -:J f: : t: h { ~

1)

1)

,,

i -to

i -\:[ ,.(, o

sleep in class

7.

work at a restaurant

8.

drive a car in Japan

go to Hiroshima

9. X see Japanese movies

write a love letter ( 7

3.
4.

5.

2.

--+

0
0

0
0
0

1.

eat tempura

eat sushi

6.

study French

t- 'l - )

10.

climb Mt. Fuji

go to shrine

Pair Work-Make questions using ~L.C:1J'0

Example:

and ask your partner.

*(1) 1-) )@ f jjz t;

I: I'!/..,

--+

:<It

0)

8*(1)1-))@fjjz,.(,t::

A:

1: ('!/..,

B:

ll\',

:<It

A : t'. -J T L
e-

1)

th{~

1)

i-th'o

0)

zr,

t: h'

B : 1-) \ ' L h'-:) f: T-t o

7 -f f-J <

1.

y 1

2.

7 A. ~ T 0 ,.?,, f }TX. 6

10.

3.

*?of~;;{.6

11. :i!~lj -t

.I. "/ ~ f
nc-r:;..,

"-''

.:

4. ;;ij" i;

9.

t, ;:_

A. I:~ -J

13.

f ~-"' 6

o/ 00-?o.: f ,z;..,5;1
~ 7~ -t 6

14.

~Jf~tR.1
:*6
L/..,n;..,-tt;..,

15. JI]

0)

f~;t'6

tx...t:
0/
ct
*A.

to

8.

t.Po.d

7'J7:t7"1:ff<
,,

1;~0-:"<

<

12. {(~

;j;,

6. ,), (' (blowfish)


7.

*;Fl-

8
JI1) f -?(11: 6
1: l.!/..,l)d

hL

'1>?16c-L'./..,

5.

-t 6

l- 7

Jlv-t..

1 ~ 1) -

m~-t6
1)

0n' (

nt>

""('-J 1)

~ -

f-t 6

l- /
t: It,.(, n'-t 6

~l l~ 263

When you answer, use ~t->~

Pair Work-Ask your partner the following questions.


as in the example.
Example:

1. t:''A.JJ. A ;t'- '/ ~J:

< Jl;,. i

-t h'o

2. t: . ,.C -fd.i't~ h"*T ~ T-t fro


B!vn'<

3. t:'' ,.{_, -fJ.' :,fj-JJ_ ~


.t?

1)

4.

1)

l < 11 ') i -t h'

0 (

<h -rJ. f: 0) :k ~ 0)
t:'.c'n'<

~
L;(

'.t
I:: l;L
I:'?

t: tC -rJ.~-"'~~h" <h
t:

1)

i -t h' o

{,OJ

s. <h -fJ. t: 0) :k ~ I :: l ;!:_ t: ::: 0) 00 0) A. h "\ ' i -t h' o


< 1:

t:'.c'n'<

6. ?7~ 00 I:: ff
n'c'.::

<

7. ~'

,,

t: :::

-J

t'. h" <h

t:;ttn"*f~ T-fh'o

fo:n'

liC''1J?

t:;tt n"*f~ T-th'o

~.:f-O)o/T,
1,.,,

I:

l_;,p~'.t?

8. 13!:{f (actors) O)o/T,


n'

u-1:

i -th' o c: ::: T-t h' o

t:'' ,.{_, -fJ.' {1( ~ ~ JlsZ -J l \ \ i -t h'

""

9.

1)

t.:n-

..,

A. Talk about your dream for the future or what it was when you were a child.
1.

(h-fJ. f: O)~ !iM T-t


>l:!v

.PIO

Example:

;fl. Ii ;f-f
bl:L

Ld

-;

*-,

i? ~# t; I :::-fJ. 1)
n'ti t

Gt'

ff~
,, t: \ 'T-t o
2.

-f-i~O)*O)~liMT
.::/:'!,

1:5

vJ)!I)

fo:/v

t: h'o

Example:

B. Class Activity-Find someone who ...


1. has seen celebrities

2. has never used chopsticks


3. wants to live in Japan in the future
4. wanted to be a star ( ;< 5' - ) as a child
5. wants to cut classes tomorrow

t: \ 'T-t

o -f L --C,

\ '.; \ '.; -fJ. 00 I::


< 1:

C.

Class Activity-Bring

pictures of your hometown and describe it.

Example:
~1' Ii..::. ::z. - 3 - 7

(7)

NcL

~ *1.. \

dJ. ~
zi: -

T-t o ..::.

3 - 7 (i t T

::z. -

00-\"' 1f ii -fJ. ~ Vltr jf;-\"' t: < ~ ,{, (7) j1J :!~

.::~z!v

J: < ~

:: jf

L~~ Liv

1f t~0iJ'/"

vP~oi>\'

t 7c ~
HH

(theater)

lf5td

;,. t: ') , -1&:!}


"Iv L t: ')

7J ;i, ~Ji

Li L

t:

<

T t:: ~---\"'I.I' T-t o

I.I { 1:, I) i -to

If

J({;t.;,,.1:~

iJ'z

tj,0-'(>-t

(u

'?

T, ft.t~- t; 1:~\ 'f: \, T-t o


ct

;;,

ture~t)

i>iEJJ New Year's


L.1?

s lE t=I

1J'0

(New Year's) is the biggest homecoming holiday in Japan. Japanese celebrate New

GJ:?tfJ

Year's Day on January 1, unlike most other Asians, who go by the lunar calendar. Most businesses are closed on and around New Year's Day.
New Year's Eve is called

*allJ El, and people

;;;; l;'f:IJ

try to finish their seasonal chores-cleaning the

house thoroughly, writing greeting cards (~~

~* ), and so on-by this date. Dinner for New

ti.A. '/J~ l5 J:: j

Year's Eve often includes ~~

I:~;::

G -t"

ti (buckwheat

noodles), as the long noodles symbolize

the desire for longevity.


When saying good-bye to someone whom you do not expect to see again until the new
year, the traditional parting phrase is J: \,'

s ~1f
I:~

(Have a happy New Year!). When you meet

somebody for the first time in the new year, you say iV.i

It* GTs tfJ T t ") Z.' ~- \,' * 9 (Happy

New Year!).
Many people go to
pies) for

~$U
(Shinto shrines) and s~ (Buddhist tem01i..G~
LS

:fJJ ~!'i or the "first worship of the year," which is likely to be


(j,-:>{,j"[

their only visit to shrines and temples for the year, since Japan is a
largely secular society.
Special dishes called

s~U~t!
are eaten for New Year's. Each
-tt~lJJ:j ~J

dish is said to signify a particular wish-black beans (,'!:) for


diligence and health (a pun on the word

f-) for

< "*"'(~O)
* tfJ), herring roe

having many offspring, and so forth. The staple food for

New Year's is

st ts

(rice cake), which is toasted or served in tl<1t


'f?

~(New Year's soup).


1:

Children expect to receive

s ~.:E,
which
l:~t.'*

aunts, uncles, and even family guests.

are gifts of money from their parents, grandparents,

~ll~H265

Useful Expressions

I n

h e

C I a s s

Japanese

Expressions
t:'' t; G T t \ \ \ \Ti"

L: Ti"

Iii]

}; to:

-Both are fine.


Same thing.

t:- \ \ t: \ \Iii] L:: -c-r

--More or less the same.

ti 1d:

t; J: t: :it\
\ i -9 o --A little different.
t,;IJ'
1.R
;;(. i 1 ~ o
Can't use it.
':J-/J'
-J

t:- JI> Ti"

No good.

if--c ~ <h ( t' T < t.:- ~ \ \ o -Raise your hand.


~ft:
~ T ~ T < t:- ~ \ \ o
Read it before coming to class.
J:
fei
~ ~ tlt: L T < t:' ~ \ \ o
Hand in the homework.
lPUo\'
<rt.
#:f ~ML:
'l < t:' ~ \
Close the textbook.
old -/J' L~
I:
\o

-t.;_ 1) 0)

J(" JI>

"C

A. (: f1'] \ \ 'l < t:- ~ \ \ o -- Ask the person sitting next to you.
()'/:
"'

< t:' ~ \ \

~ 8 (;t : it T~h
"' ~ 7

Please stop.

1)

i -9 o

That's it for today.

};

Vocabulary

fei
~
lPUc\'

homework

< t:' ( t f::. \ \ }J--

colloquial expression

fJ' t. \ \ \ \ }J---

bookish expression

\'

L JI> ~ ') -- deadline

''

-/J'tc

-/J'tc

~*~

exercise

;t:~;,.

meaning

9e1t

pronunciation

)C~

grammar

f::. t: ;;(. ( ;f-----

for example

ttroi

question

( l fJ' (:

anything else

~
::_t,;_

answer

"-'ilf-------

number ...

1'7U

example

"'"'-

page number

'l \ \ ti. \ 1-f.;_ \ \ }J--

fL/v Lo ~

''

IJ:':JiS/v

dialect

~ 4! ~------standard

(f; ~t~!v

.;~A,1!7

[_,--:;{,Iv

fJ' "'?

}j
IHlf!v

\'

*H'

polite expression

-/J'tc

Japanese

.:

lilv

) (parenthesis)

"'ff

/-----

----- line number

8 J:? (/)

i6

(i'~

x (wrong)

(correct)

-=.A_ -f'~----,;,fc IJ

.
.

two people each

(m12~1L
E
ffeJ ~ Feeling Ill
0ct5

0
./-;.

2 ;(

12)

Mary and Michiko are talking at school.

1;

=:

1) -

;( J
:

1)

GI]K12-01102

/v, JC3{\.1J{;}, 1) l 1 /vt.J.o


lf/v ~

7 -lvo t; J: -J t t;-t-,fh'h{*i\ \Iv Ti" o


t:'' 7 L t: Iv Ti" h' o
Pt:

h. t; : :

4 ;(

7 1) -

~ (!) -)

s: t:_ t;

/:: {,

t:' t

5
6

h. t;:

;;(_

7
7

,,

I) -

I) -

;},

t. Iv Ti" o t. .)~Iv~~
t:

ai,

\-r- < t:-~ \ \o

;},;},,

t''h{*i \\Iv T-t

v>t:

-2(--) Ti"h'o

(!)

~t;},

I)

tJ.-:::>

< ~T < t:-~ \


7 = ~-- \ \ i L t:

4-B Ii~ ~jk!v T, .!f:

( t IJ

(J)

Ii \ \ ' ;}, I) h { t

Ii~

-J

t: Iv T-t

ii"t.J.o h'{f'T"tt.J.o

'jA.,/::''j

t:

h'

v-r:

h h' I) i L
~ ~ 'j

*i\ \o

7 Ii j:;-fJ. n'n{*i

t 7 -t <" -T _::_:A (1)~1;-h{;},


6 (!) T,
L .,,,,

1: e<1v1:1',

-t ~-- t. Iv

1.'t::.

_:::__=. 8 , lftli L -t-J. \ \I l 7 h{\ \ \ \ T L J: 7 o

L?

(!)

T-th{

*:

c'

7t;:i_,

;},;},,

l~'

J2I

8 ;(

1) -

-J

,,

GDK12-03/04

-it !v-ttc'

*:

l2I

6 ;(

l~'

*:

J2I
,,

3 ;(

1)

t:

i;l:A.,

;;(_o ,,,:;@c L-t-,n

@At a hospital.
;(

I:: ff

:'AA_~~~

};{,

L/v!.fi..'

if A.,

7'.X.~
Tih'o
t~I.' l.'..J: 1 .)~

:
1) -

1;(7

}~
\ \ i -t

B)E

lJ

\o

*-*
~
l'L/vLo1

L -t-J. ~ ~ \ \ tt-t-J. \\Iv

Michiko: You don't look well, Mary.


Mary: Um ..

I have a little stomachache.

Michiko: What's the matter?


Mary: I went out to have dinner with my friend yesterday. I think maybe I ate too much.
Michiko: Are you all right?
Mary: Yes. Don't worry about it. Oh, it hurts.
Michiko: You had better go to a hospital.

Mary: Doctor, I have a sore throat. I had a stomachache yesterday.


Doctor: I see. You have a fever, too. It is just a cold.
Mary: Well, I will have a tennis tournament soon, so I have to practice, though . .
Doctor: You had better not exercise for a couple of days.
Mary: I understand.
Doctor: Take medicine and go to bed early tonight.
Mary: Yes. Thank you so much.
Doctor: Take care.

~E

PQ

(11 Kl2-05

rcfv

Nouns

sL

leg; foot

\ \ h.

~~

meaning

};--CSG\'

}; .:f:-55\:; \ \

restroom

* t:;-r.1.n'

stomach

* n'-tf

cold

n'<J)

t.:: J::

girlfriend

n'it

boyfriend

~};,{,

temperature (weather-not used for


things)

< t

1)

cloudy weather

* Ls\'

match; game

/.:z.-:.Z.

juice

-th\ t.::

politics

-l\'-I~

grade (on a test, etc)

-1~

cough

<J) t:_''

throat

(i
(i

tooth
flower

-f.,1.

(i ft

sunny weather

,;, <

clothes

.;.~n'J:\'
7 v-1 / ~

hangover

;t-b. :/ :; 7

homesickness

<1-T:.Z.

minus

t<J)

thing (concrete object)

~~

snow

J: 7 t.::

business to take care of

l,l -

present

a d j e c t i v e s

Si\'

if\'
1ifi\\

*\'f:\'
})};\

~\

hurt; painful
\

1*\\

-Iii\\

* Words thot appear

sweet

in the dialogue

there are many , , ,


narrow; not spacious

inconvenient; to have a scheduling


conflict
bad

td:-adjective
-tT~(-/i)

~~

nice

~<

to walk

U-verbs

.oh 6 <
lJ'{f ~ o <
~ J:
f,J..'

to catch a cold

~~n"<h 6

to be interested (in ... ) (topic I:)

< -t

* tJ.--=>
<!)

7 hn".:h 6

$.1~ ~ o <

to lose ('"'"' ~)

n" s 6

t:n"n't:> <

~n"<h6
<!) t:n"~ <

to have a fever

-tt~n"tl:l6

to cough

$1] ;ft 6

to break up; to separate

to become thirsty

Ru-verbs

-tt ~ n"T6
t:> lJ' ;ft 6

(person t:)
Verbs

Irregular

7-t6
* LA,if\'-t6

~1l-t6
.~llic-t 6

~,{,~J:

and

Adverbs

* 1't:\' L 1:
* If",{,~ n"fJ. \
* t: ,;: ,{,
*

* 1: ~ ,{, 1: ~
* '"'"'<!) T
Ii L 61) T
* t 7 -t <""

to worry

Other

Expressions

1'**1:

'

7t3(\ 7J<'fJ.'
~~

-r~ 6 t:1t
'"'"' -r L J: 7
'""'-' t:"

to get nervous

Get well soon.


\ \

don't look well


probably; maybe
as much as possible
probably; ...

, right?

'""'-' )!_

... degrees (temperature)

..=...:::. 8

for two to three days


because . .

fJ] 61) l

for the first time


very soon; in a few moments/ days

There are two distinct ways to make a statement in Japanese. One way is to simply report the
facts as they are observed. This is the mode of speech that we have learned so far. In this lesson, we will learn a new way: the mode of explaining things.

A report is an isolated description of a fact. When you are late for an appointment, you can
already report in Japanese what has happened, /\'-A ~91~- i 1 Iv TL t.. This sentence, however, does not have the right apologetic tone, because it"' is not offered as an explanation for
anything. If you want to mention the busses failing to run on time as an excuse for being
late, you will need to use the explanation mode of speech, and say:
(As it happens,) the bus didn't come.

An explanation has two components, one that is explicitly described in the sentence (the bus
not coming), and another, which is implied, or explained, by it (you being late for the appointment). The sentence-final expression Iv T-f serves as the link between what the sentence says and what it accounts for. Compare:

<h L t::. -r A
;}:, L t: j- A

n{ <h 'J i -t
r n{;}:, 6 ,.{, T-t
i--

I have an exam tomorrow. (a simple observation)

1--1 vl:1'f~f::.\'T-fo
,,
r 1 t- I: ff~
t: \ ',.{, T-t
,,

I have an exam tomorrow. (So I can't go out tonight.)


I want to go to the bathroom. (declaration of one's wish)

I want to go to the bathroom. (So tell me where it is.)

Iv T-f goes after the short form of a predicate. The predicate can be either in the affirmative
or in the negative, either in the present tense or in the past tense. Iv T-f itself is invariant
and does not usually appear in the negative or the past tense forms. 1 In writing, it is more
common to find <J) -c-r instead of Iv -c-r.

nxJln{ J: <

-tJ. \ ',.{, T-t

(in response to the question "Why do you look so upset?")

i:tt..'-t!-5

(As a matter of fact)

My grade is not good.

In casual exchanges, A, T"-t appears in its short form, A, t:. In casual questions,
We will examine these further in Lesson 15.

Iv T-t n' is replaced by

O'J.

W\.~h{~h
L It;,,

'")

t: Iv -c-g

(explaining to a person who has caught you smiling)

The exam is over. (That's why I'm smiling.)

When it follows a noun or a -r,J..'-adjective,

-f,f

comes in between.

report sentences

ijj1J'c9
vr

tJ:-adjective:
noun:

~~c9
1J'(

'{tl,\

explanation sentences
ijj1J'1J.fu
c9
vr ~~tJ:fuc9
tl<ttv-

You can use Iv -c-t in questions to invite explications and further clarifications from the
person you are talking to. It is very often used together with question words, such as t'' 7 L
-C (why) and t'' 7 L t: (what has happened).

0 : r 7 L -C :{~
t 31J nt::. Iv T-t h'o
;N'L
b;J
Why did you break up with your boyfriend? (You've got to tell me.)

A : fee
-tf !v-tf !v };Ji{.
g 1:: AG
iJtL
,5, ;,
lie

1J.'

\'Iv T-t

Oh, him. He never takes a bath. (That's a good enough reason, isn't it?)

r 7 L t: Iv T-th'o
What happened? (You look shattered.)

A : 1ih{7E!v t~ Iv T-t o 2
ti.:

My cat died. (That should explain how I look today.)

You can also use Iv T-t to provide an additional comment on what has just been said.

A : t T t \ '\ '~*4T-ttJ.o
od iJ L~
That's a great textbook that you are using.

;i{_;i{_o 5fJ..(7)::k~(7)]t;j:_f.i{\'f::./vTi"o
btcl

t.'.ci!'<

iJ

{tA,{t\

You bet. The professors at my university wrote it (for your information).

In the written language, you see


stylistically more formal.

<7)

T-t instead of Iv -c-t. It has the same functions but is

A t:" 7 L f::. Iv -r-t-lJ' question is best answered by a Iv -c-r sentence with the subject marked with the particle
-IJ' rather than Ii, as in this example. See Lesson 8 for a related discussion.

Verb stems may be followed by the helping verb

-t ~-- ~, which means "too much:' or "to

excess:' -t ~-- ~ conjugates as a regular ru-verb.


I got up too early.
You must not eat too much.

-t ~-- ~ can also follow \ ' - and -t,,: -adjective bases (the parts which do not change in conjugations); you drop the \ ' and -t.,_ at the end of the adjectives and then add -t ~-- ~.
This book is too expensive.
This town is too quiet.
You use -t ~-- ~ when something is beyond normal or proper, suggesting that you do not
welcome it. Thus ~:W-t ~-- i -t (too kind) for example is not a straightforward compliment.
L Iv-Ii:':>
Use modifiers like t -C t and -t .: < if you simply want to say that something is in a high
degree.

(l 7

'T-t "it is better (for you) to do .. :'is a sentence-final expression which you can
use to give advice. When you suggest an activity with ( l 7 -/;<'\ '\ '-c-t, you are giving a very
-/;<'\ '\

specific piece of advice; namely, that it is advisable to do it, and if one does not follow the
advice, there is a danger or a problem.
( l 7 -/;<'\ '\ '--c-t is peculiar in that it follows different tense forms, depending on whether
the advice given is in the affirmative or the negative. When the advice is in the affirmative,
( l 7 -/;<'\ '\ 'T-t generally follows the past tense short form of a verb. When the advice is in
the negative, however, the verb is in the present tense short form.
You'd better eat more vegetables.
It is better not to skip classes.

~12~

.. 273

-on:

You can use (]) -c to give the reason for the situation described in the balance of the sentence. Semantically, (]) -c is just like -/J' G. Stylistically, (]) -c sounds slightly more formal
than -/J' G.
(reason) O)c
\ 1--:>

(situation), because (reason).

(situation),

t 8 ::$.?o-r-~-t (]) T, 8 ::$.?o-/J" .I; .=f-1: -rJ.

1)

i L f: a

-r
My Japanese has improved, because I always speak Japanese.
1: 1i:1v .:

1 ~ iJ" f:

LP<t.:'C'

1i1':

--

< ~ Iv "<h ~

1: 1I1v

f: (}) T,
--

t?

.:

~ (}) 1 (}) R, ~ i -tr Iv T L


J:J.,

ti

t: a

I did not sleep last night, because I had a lot of homework.


The reason part of a sentence ends in a short form predicate as above. When (]) T follows a
fJ. -adjective or a noun, fJ. comes in between, as it did with the explanatory predicate Iv T-t.

-f(})A.(
i\1
U-1:

~ G\1-t-ta

LtJ6-fJ.(})T,
=--

I do not like that person, because he is mean.

~ 8 Ii 8 Bi 8 fJ. (})-C, $[lff !i#J,. T-t a


"''i

"1~::.'i

1:J?J:'i1f=--

~'T

Banks are closed, because today is a Sunday.

We use fJ.' t+ ;flIf\' tt i-{ Iv and fJ. ~ '\" \ -t+ i-{ Iv 3 to say that it is necessary to do something, or "must:' The fJ. ~ '\" variant is very colloquial and is mainly found in the spoken
language, while the more formal fJ. It ;flIf. variant is often seen in the written language.

~.~-/J""<h 6 fJ' G, ~ 7~ L
l It Iv

"-Iv" d

fJ.

lt;fl!f\

It i -tr !v/-fJ.

~ 'I"\

It i -tr Iva

I have to study, because there will be an exam.


fJ. (

t ;flIf' and

not go";

fJ.

'\"mean "if you do not do .. :' and \ ' ( t i -{Iv roughly means "you cantt ;flIf\ -t+ i-{ Iv and fJ. ~ '\" \ -t+ i-{ Iv therefore literally mean "you cannot
fJ. ~

There are more varieties for "must" sentences: -r,,: < t; ~\'It i -l Iv, -td: < T Ii\' It i -l Iv, and -td:~
\ 'It
i -l Iv. You can also substitute -td: 1) i -l Iv for \'It i -l Iv in the tc It ;fl If'and -td: ~ ~ combinations, like
fd: It ;fl If'fd: 1) i -l Iv, fd: ~ ~ fd: 1) i -l Iv. In casual speech, you can also leave out \ ' It i -l Iv and end the
sentence like: it~ fd: ~ ~ o /it~ f,J.' < t; ~ 0 /it~ fJ. \ ' t: 0
r:

t:

t:

go not doing ... "with the double negatives giving rise to the affirmative sense of the man-

in -f.1. It ;tL ( ;f and -f.1. ~ 'I" comes from the negative


replace it with It ;tL ( ;f or ~ 'I" .
date.

-f.1.

verb

-f.1. \ -.

Just drop the last \ ' and

short negative

"must"

~~1CJ:L,'
to
-~t)1CJ:L,'
,,
L 1CJ:l'
C:: : 1CJ:l'

~~1CJ:l1t11d'.'l
'11*tt fv I ~~1d:E
t' l '11*tt fv
~
~
~b1CJ:l1t11d'.'l '11*ttfv I ~b1d:E t' l '11*ttfv
L1CJ:l1t11d'.'l ''1*ttfv I L1d:E t' l '11*ttfv
C::::1CJ:l1t11d'.l '11*ttfv I C:: : 1CJ:E t' L, '11*ttfv

~~0
to
~5
,,

90

<0

\,.\

l,I

You can change \ 'It i -lt Iv to \ 'It i -lt Iv -r L t. to say you had to, and to -ti~ 'I"\ 'lt-f.1. \ '
(the short form, present tense) in casual speech and to -f.1. It ;tL ( ;f \ ' It -f.1. \ ' in the written
language.

It~ LL 7'atfl:~ ~
7o (

L:

-t.1.

~'<"\'It i-tl-!v TL f:o

(long form, past)

I had to get up at six this morning.

.lifB,
~!~ L-tJ.-~ 'l"\'lt-lJ.'\'!vT-t'o
1lICJ?
iclvlA~

(short form, present)

(The truth is,) I must practice every day.

We use the sentence-final expression -r L J: 7 (probably) when we are making a guess or a


prediction. --c L J: 7 follows verbs and \ v-adjectives in short forms, in the affirmative and
in the negative.4
(verb)

s L f::. lif<fu?J{~6
'*'"' -.,.-

TL J:

1o

~ G -l'J. \ ' T L

J: -)

It will probably rain tomorrow.

It will probably not rain tomorrow.

(v v-adjective)

:lt~:itli*\

ll-o7'C'/:'~

'TL J:

*< -l'J.\'TL

It is probably cold in Hokkaido.

1o

J:

-70

It is probably not cold in Hokkaido.

-r L J: 7 may also follow 1'.1. -adjective bases and nouns. Note that T L J: 7 goes directly
after these elements; we do not use x ,.__, -tJ. --c L J: 7 , x ,.__, (J) "C L J: 7 , or x ,.__, t: -r L J: 7 .

T L J: 7 may also follow predicates in the past tense. We will, however, concentrate on the present tense
examples in this lesson.

u.J..' -adjective)
ill "F 7't~ (;t ,tt!, lr'ff ~ TL J: 7
>?t

L-to-ttA,-ttc'

~!rlt

-.,-

ff~
., t
(noun)
b (!)A. ( ;t ::t - ::::Z ~ 7
~c

::t -

::::Z ~

1)

'('-r.f\

,-c

L J:

Professor Yamashita probably doesn't

1o

like fish.

TA.

c;,,

1)

Professor Yamashita probably likes fish.

-c L

TA t '('

J: 7
1-J.' \

That person is probably an Australian.

'T L J: 7 o

That person is probably not an

C/v

Australian.

TL J: 7 sentences can be turned into questions (,...__,TL J: 7 iJ'), which can be used to invite another person's opinion or guess.

81: i'-?o
t ~OO?o z . t'' -:ii;(!) 117 h":n L \'TL
Ii/,, .:
~,;,,::_ < .:
(;-fl!'

J:

7 iJ'o

Which would you say is more difficult, Japanese or Korean?

The short form of T L J: 7 is


analysis.

f: t t L ~ A, Ii J! ~ iJ" b 6
Cid;,.

t:.; 7 . You can use it to cautiously phrase

t: ;;

7 t .~
\'i
Bt

a prediction or an

+,

I think Takeshi would be interested in it.

In casual exchanges, you can use -c L .J: 7 (with the question intonation, and most often
pronounced as somewhat shorter T" L J: ) when you want to check if your partner agrees
that you have the correct understanding about what you have just said.
:/

.>.

i:f .:OO?aiJ"hiJ'6-c
< .:

t, ,, 7

L J:?

.tl, -g1(;A, To
J:

John, you understand Chinese, right? Can you read this for me?

*l ~ P
:rtfu

l_,t;1>'5

A. You are in the following situations. Explain them using ~fv c9.
~J{ f.i'~

Example:

Mc<

''to

Q :

'-c-r
t''7 L f:!v T-91.i'o

B!] K12-06

~~~

~
(2) 7 v-t':,; ~ ~

t ~ \' i L f:

(4) ~

0)

(i

(6)

0)

t''f.i'~\ 'T-t
\,'f::.

~~ BT'Lt:
tclvtd

(7)

1f

/.l'-tf ~ U ~ i L

t:

(8)

1:JJ1f ~ t: < L i L f:
~ ->

(9) cf:>

L t. 7 ;;z ~ f.i'

)>

cf:> ')

-r

B. Respond to the comments using ~ fv c9.

G!] Kl 2-01

Example:

(l)

~fl\ \fJ.':ft-C-Tho
l~>d:

(2)

~Jf L \ '~t--t-tho
<0

McG

I received them
from my friend.

Italian ones
( 1 5' 1) 7)

I made it.

(5)

It was cheap.

kind

.,

.e '

C.

Pair Work-Your

partner has said something

nice about what you have.

Respond using =-] c9.

B : -t T ~ -t-J.'*~t-r-t iflo

Example:

I: ih'

A : 7..t: t 1: t G '") t: Iv T-t

I: t

D. Pair Work-Make up dialogues asking for reasons.


Example:

I went to Tokyo last week.


-

A : 7t; ~

Jlil

-t!"!vL>'il:?od

B :

I: ff ~ i L

*
''

r: 7 L T Jlil
l:-? ~

J:

t:

I: ff '") t. Iv T-t fJ'

I,'

1. I am very tired.
2. I have no money.
3. It is not convenient today. (~-@--h{~' ')
-:) .:: 7

;,;:,

4. I want to marry my boyfriend/girlfriend.


5. I am going to Japan to study.
6. He speaks Chinese very well. ~~ ~<~-h{,i.. tT-t)
o~?~

d7

'

7. I don't want to watch that movie.

A. Describe the following pictures using ~-g~7a). Use "verb+ 9~'-Q" for (1)
through (4) and "adjective+ 9~'-Q" for (5) through (10). EID K12.os
Example:

fi: 1J -t ~- i L t: o
-:)

:::: 0)

:g~
g Ii -l i -t ~- i -t o
=: '(>

~12~279

(3)

(1)

(6)

(4)

B.

(7)

(10)

(9)

(8)

Look at the verbs below. Think about the results of over doing these things
and make sentences as in the example.
Example:

i<:""
6
t:

___.

~""-t
~-- t. i.J'
t:

G,

;i:;-to1. i.l'f.l{nfi ~'A,


>t:

-c-r

7. ~

~ t:

5.
3. / ~ '/ :::7 /

'f 1!-)
"CJ~'

6.

7-.::.. 'A 'f -t 6

i:h '4~ 'f i<:""


6
t:

<J;,;t

'(,O)

8.

'f ~-)
~ t:

~~-t
6
C<!vt,H

A.

Using the cues below, give advice to a friend who has a headache. Decide if
you should use the affirmative or the negative.
Kl 2-09

BJ

Example:

~
<-j-lJ

"fj}:t'

ml h{~\ ' T-9 o

B :

---+

Mei

0)

v>t:

A : ~ "fjkt:-ll 7 h{\ '\ 'T-9 J: o


< tiJ

1.

,l;y-f

B.

3. 1h'i'lv
m~1=ff,, <
4. 1:f. "f {*t;
L .: I::
<'T

-!f.
< !Jl
6
1;1:v
<o

2. 1Ql

0)

o I:: fr <
\,\

5.

6.

:!l~-t
6
? Iv I::'?

-t;1::~6
iJ'}._

Pair Work-Give advice to your partner in the following situations, using ~1~ 5
f.J\l., )l.,).

B*-?on{_t-t-1::-rJ. ') f:.\,

Example:

L'.I? T

I: li/v .:

---+

8 *-?oh{ L.-t-1:: 1-J.

1:111v::.

A : 8

*A.

1)

L'.1?-f

<7)

1: li!vL/v

s: t:- -t; "f 11=


l::t

-::>(

T~ 6 t:-1t~?o"f~i?~
1.
2.

!i~

,i \..' .:

f:. \
""?

t. 11 7

4.

-\"'-tt t: \

5.

nX.*-lh{~
\\
-ttc '-It'
jo.t,

6.

-=-am\'t:J:

I:: t

t-;~h{-fJ.'\ \
iJ<o

3. Zz_ t : -t; t It h' L

t:

h \ ' \ ' T-t

cL /

-rJ.\ '117 h{\ '\ 'T-9 lo

* - t.. / ''/ ;; t:\

' T-t o

7.

!ih{~\ \
Ii

l'tc

_,,-:) il'

C. Pair Work-You are a health counselor. Someone who hasn't been feeling well
is at your office. Ask the following questions. Complete this form first, then
give your advice using ~1~51.J'll.,)l.,).

a.

l < :!!~ L i -t h, o

( ;t \ \

b.

J: < <ht
i:t\\:t~"f~"i-t'h'o
t:

( ;t \ \

C.

J: < Jf~ "f~" i -t'h'o

I ;t \ '

? Iv I::'?

{,O)

v "''

i -t'h'o
l < t-; )YJj "f j}: h i -9 h' o

d. ~

<J;, C<

e.
f.

=-~ "f ~"

t:

t:

IJ:/v

C< It

f:. I ;f :::

h.

"f '?& \ ' i -t h 'o


-t

<o

L fi'lv

t''-1J.'#JJ"fJ:
01?
l < j;,.t,
~ ~ i -t h'

I ;t \ '

FJifM

----Lfi'/v

<~"i-t'h'o

ij

i.

I ;t \ '

0)

g. MFJifM<"G\'!Jli-th'o
t.:!v

I ;t \ '

~
0

I ;t \ '

A. Connect the two sentences using


Example:

\ '\

-cre. G!] K12-10

~'A T-t /ft:&Li -t


s ): If
\ 1 \ 1 ~'Ar ... (7) "l\
ft:&- L i -to

-C Iv ~

--+

-C!v

':<Iv If

I. !Ji;\ 1 --r--t /Jl\ 1 i -t


n

v-t

2.

;t (7)8*@!
Ii}) t L.;
;t \,,' tJ{

3.

~~Ii

4.

.::1vL~?

tt

cfn'

ffl'A TL

1};-j ~

<

r... \ 1 --c-t / Jl
t:
Jj.

t: -r--t /1-Btitt T \
f:/t~~
~1;f\.h i L t:
t>J>"'d
'(,_,
L h' ".)

0tr

1-kli\
\-:) t*'lt;rc-t
/ A.'An'1.>
'J i-t
nO)t~
l1v-tt0
1:1v ~

6.

~5~1:
~~h'1.>
-It\ t
"d J;.

7. ;t L

s.
9.

(7)

i -1 ,.C/*frflif9

t: -r A 1-- n' ;t 1 J

l/".;;1v

r... \ 1 T-t

i -t

5.

1)

<

~Melt. i -tLC
J:

i -t / ~ 1~ L i -t

t:''h'h'h ~ i L f://

"'-!v"d

1-

7.h'i.Xh
0)

:&- ~ -t ~-- i L f:/ ~h'~\


s, l. c-t:

<bl.>

t: \ 'T-t

T-t

B. Make sentences using the cues below as reasons, according to the example.
Example:

h'-l:f ~ U ~ i L t.

1. })

4.

Jfj:f-h'1.> 1) i -t

2.

5.

lj!'?o<l)~~h'hh' ') i -1 ,.(_,

6.

1-Btitt
i L t.
0n

1th' ;t 1) i -1 ,.(_,
"'*"
})r ...n'h'-9\ 1T\1 i -t

3. ;t-1.,, ~ "/ 7 T-t

J:

7 t

tc!v C:

''

J;.

C. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.


1
T, t:f 00 I: ff~
,, t. \ T-t o
tH.::"<

1.

(7)

2.

(7) T,

3.

(7)

T, h'-l:f ~ U ~ i L f:

4.

(7)

T, $iJ ;tt i L

5.

(7)

6.

(7)

7.

(!) T,

A.'Ah'1.>
1:1v ~

bn

T,

1)

-t

t: o

8 '-Fl:1ih
1: l'!!v

i-t

t: <

rJ.\

T, :1~1J L i L t:
t, .; <

~7&LT\'ii"o
~!vtd

'T-t o

A.

The following

is your schedule for tomorrow. Make sentences according to the

example.

G!] K12-11

Example:

7:00

A.M. /~

};

Ex.

7:00

A.M.

~~6
};

1.

8:00

A.M.

7 t; ftl6

2.

9:00

A.M.

~~~1::t:e6
t:>J>,.d

3.

1:00

P.M.

4.

2:00

P.M.

~?of~;{.6

5.

3:00

P.M.

~t:jf; I:: 1t
,, -:i T, /.f.f{{t7),

6.

5:00

P.M.

71;1::~6
7),;i.

7.

6:00

P.M.

;t;;zr7T~

8.

8:00

P.M.

W~f-96

9.

9:00

P.M.

/ 1' '7-f5B-l/6
,.,

10.

10:00

P.M.

~ fj)zt'

11.

11:00

P.M.

*~I::
i:~i; f n'lt 6
7), i'(
-c Iv b

-c

-c

iLr7t~1=%7
;J;,

'(>J' L.tc<t!v<tc'

,;{_ ~'

.:

}; I..

I: I.. J: 7)'/v

1)

li/v

1) - t Bjt :~ f ~"' 6
li/v

Ll/v

t:

L1<t-'''

(tlJ

(])

B. Answer the following questions.


1. B /.f.?oO)~~ ~TM f L f"- t+ fl (;f\ \It i -tt A,n'o
I: li/v

2.

n'

-:i

C:

l:>J>~d

J:: <

fJ.' 1)

T,:I:

t: \\A,

4.

;J;,-t-

M
f
7J:!:

L f"- t+ fl(;f\

-t+ i

-tt A,n'o

o Mf L t"-ltfl!J\ \It i-tt A,n'o

3. ~t:-t;n"1~H/1::*-i-t
I: t

T-t o

!>

r.:1:

r T-t

<h L t. li:f7J
al:> T 0) -rl;l I.:

o Mf L
r.:1:

t: t+ fl

(;f\

-t+ i

-tt A, n'o

C. Using the cues in A, tell your friend what you must do tomorrow.
Example:

7:00

A.M. /~
};

G!] K12-12

D.

Pair Work-Invite

the partner to do the following things together on a specific

time. Turn down the invitation and give explanation


Example:

using ~ta:-Q' t> l )1)1d:l '

play tennis
--+

A : 1:i L

7- .::. A ~ L i -tL{, n' o

t: <7) iflL -*fLJ: I:


"1)~

l'-::i

B : -t.;,,. i -tLto t; J:

t $-@--n{,~ \'A., T-t o


-=-~ bo

'?

-::i

A.

1. do homework

4. study in the library

2. eat lunch

5. go to karaoke

3. drink coffee

6. travel

Here is tomorrow's weather forecast (~~:Y~&). Look at the map and play the
ZA. ;;; J: I:!~
role of a meteorologist and tell the weather forecasts for each city. BJ Kl 2-13
4. Rome~
"
(Warm/20C)
~3. Moscow :fj_:
( Cold/-10C)
~

'J-Ex. Tokyo Is
(Cold/-2C)

Ob~

./2. Sydney :Q:


r(Hot/30C)

~
~

1. Cairo
(Cool/l8C)

Example:

Tokyo

--+

JR
Jj(
t~5d

5. Los Angeles
(Warm/25C)

Ii 1:i L

t: op~~ T

L J: 7

-* \ ' -c L J:
'51;

~51fil.li< 1-t A:=_Jt. (' G \'TL


~ Blv

1:

1. Cairo ( iJ 1 rz )

4. Rome (0-7)

2. Sydney ( / F.::::.. - )

5. Los Angles ( o

3. Moscow (-=t :Z. ;J 7)

.ff

J:

/-\DJ.;

x)

:Q:

B.

Pair Work-Play

the role of a meteorologist.

Predict

the weather

for your

favorite city. The other person fills in the blanks. Switch roles and do the same
thing.

weather

city

temperature

A. Using Dialogue I as a model, make skits in the following situations.


-Your friend looks sad.
-Your friend looks happy.

B. Pair Work-A and B are deciding when they can play tennis together. Play the
role of A and B. Discuss your schedules and find the day on which both of you
are available. Refer to the next page for B's schedule.
Example:
B :

*- i! O:> Ji Bl 8 (;t t; J: -;) t


Gc'L~'i

lf-::>J:'.>

\ \ l t-t"' \

1f

\ ,.{, T-t

~~1h~
\ \ ,.{, T'-t
-::> C_.'.>
Jol.>

8 Bl 8 ( ;t ~"

l:'SJ:'.>

1f

A's schedule
Sunday

go shopping

Monday
Tuesday

read books

Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday

meet friends

T-t

n'

~?a~~
;t -t"' ~
i.\'::::
BL

'<"

~12~

.. 285

C. Role Play-Visiting a Doctor's Office


Using Dialogue II as a model, act the role of a doctor or a patient.
Doctor-Fill out the medical report below and give advice to the patient.
Patient-Describe the symptoms you have and answer the doctor's questions.

Name:

Age:

Symptoms:

Pair Work

@ B.

Example:

A:

D Sore throat
D Headache
D Stomachache
D Any other pain

D Cough
D Fever
D Allergy
D Others

(/ t- 1i,-t:-)

============================================================================================

(---+ p. 284)

*-~(l)yjEJIB 1::-~1::7.::.:;z ~ L i-tt,.\.,f.l'o


!f-:)J:. -j rf

l?Pl1:ti?

B : *-~

(7)

G1>L~-i

Bl Br.f
lf-:>J:-j
yj

\ 'tt-tJ.' \',.(,Ti'

\..'"?

L J:

(;J: t; J: -,

-:>

-z--r

t: ~~I.I{,~\',.(,
.::-j

101.>

B Bl B (;J: t:.. 7 Ti'

f.l'o

1:-!; J: -j r.f

B's schedule
Sunday
Monday

teach English

Tuesday
Wednesday

clean rooms, do laundry, etc.

Thursday
Friday
Saturday

practice karate (~

T)

~?o
~~
~ t: ~ \"
;<_1,::::
;t;L

The Japanese Climate


The seasons in Japan can be very different depending on where you go.
Naha

Tokyo

Sapporo

Mid-January

Late March

Early May

Rainy season starts

Early May

Mid-June

No rainy season

First snowfall

No snow

January

October

January temperatures

High:19.1
Low: 14.3

High: 9.8
Low: 2.1

High: -0.9
Low:-7.7

August temperatures

High: 30.9
Low: 26.1

High: 30.8
Low: 24.2

High: 26.1
Low: 18.5

Annual precipitation

2036.?mm

1466.8mm

1127.6mm

Cherry trees blossom

Winter is sunny and dry on the Pacific coast, but cloudy and snowy on the Sea of Japan coast.
Spring is rather short because daily temperatures rise quickly and the season is cut short by
the arrival of the rainy season (#Hri), which lasts for about a month and a half. Summer in
-0

iW

most parts of Japan is hot and very humid, and almost tropical in some places. Typhoons
('i 00.) make occasional landfalls
t~l.'h?

B*~
(: 'l'

in summer and early fall.

A IJ'C'

(Sea of Japan)

F
110-

- -40

::t: SfL5f:

100-

(Pacific Ocean)

80-

f.:l.'"'1,'J::?

90-

-30

7060-

-20
-

4030-

50- -10
"

oJ

o.

-o

~~~t-10

-20

-10

Temperature, including body temperature, is measured in Celsius.


Here is a conversion scale for those of you who are more used to the
Fahrenheit system.

Useful Expressions

a n d

Health

Illness

At the Reception of the Clinic

-t.z,,. i -tt o

Patient:

f7J /rl)
IH'.

<: -rJ.

--c-r fJ "o

Excuse me. This is my first visit.

1*.~filE
f Jt-lT < t:~ \ 'o
Ii lt/vL.t?
;,.

Receptionist: Ii\',

Okay. Please show me your health insurance certificate.

.; V')~~l:ij #J" t {iPJf f .\ \ ( < f:' ~ \ 'o


~,;,_

to: i X.

IA 'l L ~

~,

Please fill in your name and address on this paper.


*

: tlliMV')~ T-9/J'o

Patient:

( tiJ

fo:lv

What kind of medicine are these?


Receptionist: ~.Z,,.J.i:<rl)T-fo
v>t:

~{~l:jk.T<

L; ( .:

/:.'

t:~\'o

(!)

These are painkillers. Please take one after meals.


Patient:
I see.
Receptionist:

}; **-I:
tee' t

Please take care.


Expressions for Illness (fJ1(J~)
and Injuries (111J')
(f;? I!
1'$ii T-9 o -------------1 have
diarrhea.
If

I}

1~~~ T-9 o -------------1 amconstipated.

<t: 1f

5f.J! T-9 o -------------1 havemyperiod.

-lt\'

1)

1tf;J
1if T-to ------------1 havehayfever.
~' ,),/vL.t 'l
(""' 1:) 7 l> Jv .:f-fJ" S ') i
;I.; J'.iN fJ" ~ ') i -9 o

t; L If

<

L ~ .Z,,. fJ"ili i
-c

+,

-----1 haveanallergyto...
I havea bad tooth.

-to ---------1 sneeze.

-*-71<-/J"ili
i -9 o ------------1havea runny nose.
Llfo:J;i'
"(

'l"-9 o ---------Mybackitches.

ifi:ff.J{f.J'tP\
-tt r.:n'

}e~f.J{ ch ') 1 -9 o -----------I haverashes.


1;1:., Liv

&>'>

1 \ 'f.J{ L 1 -9 o ----------I feel dizzy.

t!. ~ 1 L t: o

I threwup.

l;I:

'A!'< .;:1v
7.]'-f.J{

'-C-9

~ \

bJ.>

I amnot feelingwell.

~ lt t: f L 1 L f::. o ---------I burnedmyself.

Jf.. 0) it f {fr
;J;,L

liio

I) 1

ltf.l{ f L 1 L

t:

t:

I broke myleg.

----------I hurt myself.

Vocabulary
~~(Doctor's
\,\ L.,~

office)

i*J f+

physician

11
f+
o .s. ,,,,

dermatologist

J~t+
n'

surgeon

jf-Mf
A.f+
'5!v ,;, t!v ,,,,

obstetrician
andgynecologist

1\Ht~J~f+
If ,,,,
~f+
1J'!v ,,,,

orthopedic surgeon

li*4
L ,,,,
JI=t 1f n'

dentist

f..:l' iJ'

If

-lt\'IT\'

r+

-t'O)ftBto

ophthalmologist

otorhinolaryngologist; ENTdoctor

(Miscellaneous)

:J:;t~~~jt

antibiotic

t- / ~ 'l /

X-ray

,,:. ")-t!"L '.)~-? l.."'.:J

,~-~1
111J

.
------operation

L<Pl:P'J

5i# ------injection
tP"i L"'

1*-5J.H
t..:L';f)/v!tt.'

-----thermometer

Reading

!ill } O!l!
lll

0- 51Jlt;J.

2 O!l! 1J 5' tJj-

lll30!l!

!ill

lll60!l!

Section

Katakana-------------294
Daily Life---------298

-C:- fuO) G ~ 3 a:;::i

5 O!l! Oct L. 3

Writing

Hiragana------------- 290

a:;l,,IL:!>O)ttl,'D':J

!ill 4 O!l! ..)( )7 lj

and

Mary's
Weekend-----

Travel--------------

fb0)9~tc:J:[.;:::Z.t'-5::J

302
306

My
Favorite Restaurant-----312

btd.1

m 70!l!
!ill

.)()71J-cfuO)Y.1Jl()-J

8 O!l! E3 ;:$:0):~H~
!<:

lll90!l!

liJA,

Mary's
Letter-------318

Japanese Office
Workers------323

1J1L\l.,'1,'>L\A,

:A-C:-/uO)E3~c

Sue's Diary----------328

IC::>~

llllOO!l!

1J'cl>r3

The
Folktale
Kasajizo ---------334

lllllO!l!

~tC.!>~~

Looking
forFriends
---------340

Cti

llll20!l!

ftt,f.

!if Gti15

-$' Tanabata
Festival ------------346
ltn:

Nll

Hiragana
G)Hiragana Practice
A.

Choose the correct hiragana.


1. yo

4.

SU

2. ho

I ;;t

ll

5.

ki

3. me

6. chi

t;

-t

7. ta

f:

1:

8. ro

i;

9. e

;{_

Iv

'-

'-

B. Match the words.


Person's name
1.

t: fJ.' I; . .

2. ~

Sakuma

6.

< i t t:

Tanaka

7.

t;-1;-..~;i

Morikawa

8.

Takahashi

9.

l :: Iii

-IJ"h

Yamamoto

10.

i t t:

3.

~ < i

4.

t: -IJ"li L

5.

1)

Place name

Morioka

Yokohama

1) t; -1;-..

h. t:

Mito
Okayama
Kumamoto

C. What's wrong with the hiragana below? Rewrite the correct hiragana.
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

D.

Write as many hiragana as possible which contain the following parts.


1.

-----

3.

2.

7
4.

E.

5.

'

Pay attention to the pronunciation and add diacritical marks ,, and


priate hiragana. G!lvo1-1
ichigo (strawberry)

4.

t. Jv ::::

dango (dumpling)

5. f::.

zabuton (cushon)

6.

3. ~ ,),

t Iv

< L Iv

IJ' \ \ ::::

1. \ \ -/; ::::

2.

F.

'

Jv ( l ( l

to appro-

gaikokujin (foreigner)
tanpopo (dandelion)

IJ' fvA.. . ~

ganpeki (cliff)

Pay attention to the pronunciation of each word, and mark with 0 for the
correct one. G!lvo1.2

1. shashin (photograph)

L~Llv

2. dokusho (reading)

t'' < L

3. kyori (distance)

~ J: 1)

4. hiyasu (to chill)

U:

5. chairo (brown)

-/; J(' \ \ 7:J

6. onna no hito (woman)

t.; Iv -tJ.(1)

ut

7. kitte (stamp)

~ -r

~--J"Z

8. motto (more)

t~t

J:

J(' -t

LJ('Ltv

t'' < L J:

~ J:

1)

u~-r

-/;~\\;

t.;
)
--J

--J

-tJ. (1)

ut

G.

Read the following pairs paying attention to the long vowels.


1.

t? If'~ Iv

t? I r .:h ~ Iv

(aunt)

2.

(grandmother)

t:;L\\~lv

5.

(landlord)

1 \ \ ~

1~

(century)

(seat)

(uncle)

L ~ L Iv
(husband)

j:.) j:.) ~

(parent)

t?L~lv

(grandfather)

3.

j:.) ~

4.

@I YOl-3

L~-J L Iv
(prisoner)

H. Put the hiragana in the right order to make sense.


Example:

f ': t: t f;

---+

_r_ ~

f :_ j2._

1.

hfv-r

------

4.

;;{_ -tJ.

2.

= \ \ ; {_

------

5.

lv-l:t-l:t\\

--------

3.

Iv 111:

------

6.

fJ{t:'\ \ <

--------

------

Reading Practice
Read the following people's self-introduction and answer the questions. Refer to
vacabulary list on p. 41. @] YOl-4
1.

r.:..: IJ' t'P 7 :: T-t o


IJ'\'

L 'l"\'lvT-to

Ii Gt:

7 T-t o
t: \ \ fJ{ < -1 \ \ -r---r1)

J:

-1 Iv :: 7 Ii
3.

;ft~

LT-to

IJ' t: 7 J('-f 1? T-t o

f:\\fJ{< \\A.,,-\:t\\-t'-t"o
-t!v:71i

(t\

,~--\'Ti"" o

2.

4.

t> t: L

:: 7 :: 7

t:

~i

t:\

-t-J.

V')

V')

i ;t Ii ~ t. V') U;; h. T-t


::

i :: t T-t

,.{.,tJ.,.{.,-th 1T-t

5.
o

< -th 1 T-t o


-ct,.{.,:: 7 (l 1::: (l,.{., ::'-c-t
fr;;

1. Who is an office worker?


2. Whose major is Japanese?
3. Who is a high school student?
4. What is Harada's major?

@)Writing Practice
You received a letter from a Japanese friend. Read it and write a letter introducing
yourself.

ix t &0 i L
!:

(l ,.{_,

-r,

i ;t n'h

i;

-t; : : : -c-t o

l ,.{_, -r -t o

h f: L ( i

t': \ \ n { < (}) \ \ -t; tJ. ,.<_, 1 \ \ -r -t

1 ,.{_, .; 7 ( i ;Z \ \ .: -r -t o

l 7:> L <

;t; tJ. -Q{\

Li

+,

r~~~
tJ5'tJ)

CD Katakana
A.

N 21

Katakana
Practice

Choose the correct katakana.


1.

4. shi

''/

7. ru

5. ku

'7

8. ho

.:c:-

47-

,,

9. yu

..I.

2. nu
3. sa

6. ma

J {.;

::L

B. Match the following words and pictures.


1. (

:t v/:/:/ .:i.-:A

7. (

4f / F 1

2. (

771 Fif-Tr

8. (

3. (

9. (

4. (

7-.:t47-7 If

A7-.:tA I { l-f ''/ j- 1

t -+f

5. (

1- 3':Jv-"1!\7

11. (

" - :A l-

6. (

':J-t-

12.

v-1:-/7-1-

(a)

10.
.I.

(b)
(d)

0
(f)

(e)

(g)
(h)
~

U)

CO
~

(k)
~~

''J

(1)

1-

C. Match each country with its capital city.


Capital cities

Countries

:t'/9

i.<v-:/7

9://

l- /DC

3.

:t 7 / '!''
7 ,J 1) tJ

-=..

.:z. -

7' I) -

4.

x.:; 7 l-

/,.A

j- Ji,;

2.

1)

7.

:t- A l- 7
A 7 .r, -7'/
1 / F

8.

7Jl,,-1'/1-

9.

tJ-T f

s.
6.

7/ 7

L,.

JI,, / 7- JI,,

7''x. /A

11 t- A

. 4- -r /"'7
tJ 1 D
l- "/ 7 ;t

Ji,;/,.

D. Word Search-Find the following country names in the box of katakana.


Example:

/ /fl

1-

..-,;:

r -t L...

;F'- J[., (Singapore)


'::I

(Czech)

I,;(

1)

fJ (America)

7- r/'

.I.

(Vietnam)

.:T' /

(Sweden)

7 I F /L (Ecuador)

,;( ;\=- /

'::I

(Mexico)

f 7 :/ /L (Brazil)
7-

""1 /

(Spain)

:;t 7 / '/.(Holland)

1 / F ;f, /I (Indonesia)
fJ -t f (Canada)
1

JP7 / 1f (Rwanda)

'1 1 (Thailand)
:;t- 7-

r7

1)

I (Australia)

F ;f, :/

JI,,

'!''

:J

7 -t- 1) 7'' 7

1-

:J

1)

.I.

.> 7

,J

:J

4- :/

:J

;(

::::

r
-r

.I.

,J

JI,,

1)

;f, 7:.'

'!'' 4-

-r-,

Ji,,

tJ

-r

"'r

tJ -t-

t:' A

-r-,

:/

7]'' ~

Ji,,

/\

'!''

'!

1 :f 1) 7

.I.

7 7

JI,,

:t -

'!

;(

_,,

' ,,

' ,,

,,-.....
"

/,.

'-'
,J

E.

Put the katakana in the right order to make sense.

Example:

4- T -

--.

i.

"/-

3 . ..::..

2.

/~

4.

::L ,,;( -

/:)-A.'

Name Tags
Write your name' in the box below and make your own name tag.

Example:

,,;( 1

J - / \-

i--

,,;(

')
I
/

"

Your name in Japanese


Japanese have only one given name and one surname, which is placed first, as in:
t: -tJ.-IJ' t: lt L [last-first]
Foreign names are normally written in katakana and in its native order. A dot " " or a space is often used
between first name and last name.
Mary Hart -+
,;( 7 I} J \r or ,;( 7 1) - J ,_ l- [first-last]
East Asian names such as Korean or Chinese, can be written in kanji.
Yao Ming -+
3 7 ,;( 1 or -l!jt BJl [last-first]

~2~297

@Reading Practice
Mary wrote about the things below. Find out which item she wrote about. @!] voz
1. (

*1 Li t:> t: L (7) Lf 7 L L:: ~

-t -r

/-

~ /v(7)

If 7 L

-c-r

f:: n'\

r 7 1J

L::

'(7)

-r 1v L ~ -c-r 0

'T-t o

) :;tt(;t

L::LJ:T-90

~/.I.Ji,t~/v(7)

:A""' 1 / : (7) L:: L l L:: ~


7

4. (

) .; ;ft I ;t t:> t. L (7) L:: T Iv L ~ T-t o

:t- :A

3. (

'T-t o

lf7LT-to

~i-3-?~/.:f--:A(l)
2. (

-r.J. \

7 /:A :(7)

) :;tt(;t

/-r?'//~/v(7)
1)

7 (7) < -::> L:: ~

1)

fJ (7) < -::> T-t 0

-f.J. \ \

(b)

(a)

'T-t o

L:: L l T-t o

1 'l
,J

-r.J. \

<-::>T-90
T-t 0

(c)

(d)

g)
(f)

(e)

50,000

(g)

8,000

(h)

@Writing Practice
Write about the things you or your classmates own. Use Mary's sentences in ill as
a model.

(~ 3 ~I

s
s
0
\(L !)O)ttl \b\~ Daily Life

*l
001

-002

003

004

---

---9

005

,_
006

J ..

007

"

-t:
008

~\ d;

t>Ut

one -* (v>-1? t.) one o'clock


- ~ j:. ( v' i? ;/d. /v-tt v') first-year student

-(ltdj)

--:) W i:: 0)

one minute

-*7"-(v'0~/v)

one

(one)

(1)-

~1:
[>,),f:

.=.o:) two .=..* O: t.) two o'clock


.=.~j:_ (I: ;/d./v-li"v') second-year student
.=.. 8 M (h.01,pi,p/v) two days

(two)

(2)

~~,(_,

..:=. ( ~ Iv) three

[>;,.. ~

..:=.~j:_ ( ~ !v;fd.!v-li"v') third-year student


..:=. Jj ( ~ Iv iJ{0) March ..:=. -:) ( J:;. 0 0) three

(three)

(3)

~L

E'.9 ( J:: Iv) four E'.9* (J:: t.) four o'clock


e:g~j:_ ( J:: :b./v-li"v') fourth-year student
E'.9 Jj ( L iJ{0) April E'.9-J (J:: 00) four

t>J: ,(_,
J: ~

J:

.=.. -J (b

--

--

..:=.* (~Iv L) three o'clock

---

zs

(four)

(5) l

~:''
[>\\-:)

Ji ( .::) fiv~ Ji* ( .: t.) five o'clock


Ji Jj ( .::'iJ{0) May Ji~ ( .: ~ v') five years
Ji-J (v,00) five

(five)

(4)

~.; <
[>

.;~

VI

~(6 <)six

11

1711

~*(6

<

t.) six o'clock

six hundred

~ -J ( LM 0)

~-)J-(0 0 ~Iv) six minutes

_,_

old

Ji

~ Ef ( 0 0 'CJ~ < )

t' ~

_,_

_,_

/'

six

(six)

(4)

~Li;

--!:: ( L i? /id: id:) seven ** ( t. i? t.) seven o'clock


--!:: Jj ( L t:i iJ{0) July --!:: -:) ( id: id: 0) seven
--!:: A. ( ~ ~ t: Iv/ Li? t: Iv) seven people

[>

-fj_' -fj_

[>-\'"' ~

--!::

(2)-

(seven)

~(;ti;

J -,

(;t ~

J \..(Iii?)
J \..

(2)

eight

J \..*(Iii?

Ef (ti 0 'CJ~ < )

J\..~

(eight)

31

('i

L) eight o'clock

eight hundred

0 ~ v') eight years old


J\..

1\..-J (~00)

eight

t.:0) two

~3~299

009

7L
010

011

-t
8

012

013

..,~tP-J

<

t>::(})

")L-:> (.::.::

Pl
015

t> t j:;
(ten)

.., (}~ <


(}o~ <
rJ~ <

-r:

(6)-

(hundred)

-tf ,{,

(thousand)

.., i ,{,

Ff 8

f- ( 1tIv) thousand .:=_ f- ( ~ Iv-If Iv)


1'-. f- (Ii -::i -tl" Iv) eight thousand
f- F9 (-it Iv k. Iv) one thousand yen
(3) /
f-

three thousand

- 7j ( v' i_:, i Iv) ten thousand

+ 7j ( t. ~ -) i
Ef 7j

('(}-?

<i

Iv) one hundred thousand


Iv) one million

(ten thousand)

(3)-

.., ;;(_ ,{,

B F9 ( '(}-? < k. Iv) one hundred yen


F9 ( k. Iv) circle F9 ~ ( k. Iv tb'.P) strong yen

l> i 6

f9\

\(;i7.>v')

7j

round

n m

F9

(yen; circle)

(4)

_.,L

-a'f(v>i_:, L) one o'clock

t> t ~

-f-1~ (}) a'f (.:: c: ii 0) c ~)


aifk

nine

0)0)

+(t~"J) ten +B'f (t~ -J L) ten o'clock


L-:> + Jj ( t ~ -) 1)>0) October
+'jj, ( t ~ -::i ~ v'/t-::i ~ v') ten years old + U: ;Jo) ten
(2)+
B ( '(}-? < ) hundred .:=_ B ( ~ Iv U'-? < ) three hundred
7'8 ( 0 -::i U-? <)six hundred 1'-. B (li-::i U '(O <)eight hundred

..,ttP-J
L tP -:)

..,1 ,{,

(time)

nine years old

1L

(2))

(nine)

7j
014

1L ( ~ ~ -) ) nine 1L B'f ( < t-) nine o'clock


1L Jj ( < 1)>0) September ")L'jj, ( ~ ~ -) ~ v-)

(10) I

(c ~

in one's childhood

t- ~ ) sometimes
A

a-

aif~f (c ft\,\)
a+

IF

watch

a:!=

( _., indicates the on-yomi [pronunciation originally borrowed from


Chinese] and t> indicates the kun-yomi [native Japanese reading].)

(D~!0)*l~
tNu

:tlfu i.,~5

L.;

(Kanji Practice)

A. Read the price of the following items in kanji and write it in numbers.
Example: 1-

=1

l> - l-

l./\/f;.:f

8 .E.--t-P1

7' 8 .E.

( 150 )

3. ~

2.

4. j-

<J)

+P1

+"'-aP1

-tLt--t

t- t'

5.\\;{_

oO

<::

+ =- 7j.:::. + F9
)

B. Write the following prices in kanji.


Example: 5,420
1.

30

-+

6. 42,500

2. 140

7. 168,000

3. 251

8. 3,200,000

4. 6,070

9. 57,000,000

5. 8,190

A student writes about his daily routine. Read the passage and find out about his

BJ

schedule and fill in the blanks below.

t:
""i -t
h

~ J:

-to 7 t; TS ~ :: Ii ,{, f f:
;\..* 1: t:'\ \ "h{ < ""\ \ ~ i -t :IL* 1: 1: (l ,{, =-- f "",.{_,
7 L i +, +=. .:f. I: t: \ \ "h { < -c U 7;;, ::Ii ,{, f t.-: i -to
L Ii i \ \ I:

t; -1::

t ~ t'' ~ ~ - t - f

-t

hi

Yo3

7'* =--.;

+=-* =-- .;

ti i

-t

0)

I: ;h ~ i

Ii Iv

h i

+,

7 t; """h' ~

1)

v.:i

-t

! : t L J: "h' ,{, T ll ,{, f .l:

+* 1:

j-

l> t' f hi

7:00

go to the university

eat lunch

watch TV

9:00

(
4:00
6:00

@~<**~
b'

:tlfu L,~5

(Writing Practice)

Write about your daily routine. Use the above passage as a model.

-t

(~ 4 ~ I L

017

018

(:: : i;

*
A

019

021

7j(
022

023

Mary's Weekend

(day; sun)

(4) I

~ (l/v

*OVv) book

r:> t t:

*-?a (I: ii Iv.::) Japanese language

~ tlv

I::::

Iv

r:> o t:

t ~ Iv)

;if

(5)-

(book; basis)

8
8 *(l::lilv) Japan

Ji* ~ /v ( ~ i

Mr./Ms. Yamamoto
*

8 *-A.U::lilv t.lv) Japanese people


- A.""(" W

t ~ l:')

:: (!) A. (.::

alone

0)

V- t

this person

_:=.A ( ~ Iv I: Iv) three people


(2)}

(person)

A.

r:>~~

J3 Bi 8 Of-:::> J: -? [}') Monday - J3 (v>i?i,J~-:::>)


~ J3 (.:: Iv ~f-=>) this month
J3 (-=>~)moon
-IJ'J3 (v'0il'~f'0) one month

(moon; month)

(4) )

~ IJ'
r:> (}

k Bi

f;<:~

N 4)

vu o

I:::: -J

~If'~

020

8 *-(l::a/v) Japan 8 Bi 8 ( 1:: i? J: -? cl) Sunday


4iJ: 8 Ci v' I: i?) every day ./J): (!) 8 Ui Ii 0) V-) Mother's Day
8 ~[.(I:-=> ~ ) diary _:=. 8 ( Jj- 0 iJ') three days

~ (::::

fvO)l_;~3*-:J

,)(]71j-~
016

u:

fj

J3

8 ( iJ' J: -? (}') Tuesday


Ji (il'~;v) volcano
j( W) fire
j(

( iJ>-tt v')
'/

:{tj( (Ii

tj cf) fireworks

Mars

:)/

j(

(fire)

(4)

~i"\ \

:rJ<.Bi 8 (Tv' J:-? cf) Wednesday ;tJ<. ( Jj- -f) water


:rJ<.571<..(Tv'X.'-"l swimming :rj<.:i@: (Tv' c~-?) water supply
:rj<.~ (Jj--f ~) bathing suit

[>;,,.

'

January

:tj<.

(water)

(4)

~t<

*-Bi 8 (ti

r:>~

*(~)tree

(tree)

(4) -

~~Iv

~Bi 8 (~Iv J: -? (}') Friday

[> fJ' ti.

;h~(BiJ>;Q) money

:tJ

:rt

< J: -? r.n Thursday


*-:ft ~ /v ( ~ ts G ~Iv) Mr./Ms. Kimura

;;if

ff~ ( ~

J:

-? ~ Iv) charge

;h ~# i; ( .:B iJ' ~d. ti 'ti) rich person

~
(gold; money)

(8) /

4-

i'-

~4~303

024

025

Bl

026

~ t:''

8 ( c: J: -) rf')

Bl

t:

[>-Ji;

(-:::ii:,)

soil

(soil)

(3) -

~ .J: -)

8 BJ 8 (I: i::i J: -) lf) Sunday


BJ 8 ( J: -J '(J') day of the week

(weekday)

(18) I

~ L J: -J

.I; ( -) X.) top; above


.l; ,:f- fd- ( L J: -) -f 7'j) good at

:J:i!)(C: -J:,) land

B'

.L

(up)

(3)

~I.I'
I> L t:

r (Lt:::) under

(J)(f

029

B" B" B"' lF" IF' W'

&_t (.B < t

J: -) ) rooftop

< t:

I-

.I;

:!:i3r~(i::iil''l-=>) subway "F .:f- -f.J_' ( <i:


r ~ \ \ ( < t: t:- v') Please give/ do ...

7'j) poor at

(down)

(3)-

~ t; r)) -)
L rJJ -J
[>-f.j_' I.I'

i:f ( 7'j ii') inside


i:f 00 ( i::i ~ -5 .: < ) China i:f ~ (-J:, ~ -) ii'< ) junior high school
-~ i:f (v' i::i ti.Iv t ~-))
all year around
(4)
" 0 i:f

(middle)

~(;t,{,

.::_ *-=- ( ~ Iv L Ii Iv) half past three


#7}-Uilv~lv) half

Bf' Bf' ~ atf llff 1' 81

.I; 6 (OJll'J.i) to go up

027

o/

;f6 (ti. Iv C:') clay

I> -) ;{_

028

Saturday

#~Ui!vC: L) half a year

f ~ Ui!v ii' < ) half price


(half)

(5)

'

-c

',

v ,

( ~ indicates the on-yomi and [> indicates the kun-yomi.)

0~!0)~*~
b'fv

A.

tlfv

t_;

(Kanji Practice)

l.,tj>-3

Match the kanji with the English equivalents.

t. 7J(BI B

Sunday

2.

i:-111 B .

Monday

3.

BBIB

Tuesday

4.

~Bl B .

Wednesday

5.

BIB .

Thursday

6. *-BIB
7.

Friday

-*.BIB

Saturday

B. Look at the picture and choose the appropriate kanji for the blanks.

(building)

2.

B *~~t((;t

t- /\ l- 7 /if)

.: -/Jf-?::...?

;f.. "J' IJ-~

fuld:d51J'~ ful;:::;f.. ti?:1J'~* ut.::a

Read the memo and answer the questions.

T-t

;h' 1J \ J) -:: ~
:!( J:
~

r-:

-7 1 1t t ( t? t
I

r~ \, ,
.

n \' < --( f-' Iv !: I l 1 9 ,


-j t;-( l i'/-v~\ 1 .: ~
t : A. i ft i;
/LB~ t : :_'~ f.J\Z 19
j:

1)

3.

Miff:
.; n'
t.t
A,

;t

'J i -t n'o

-t~::--r-8

Read the following

~Bi

passage about Mary's weekend. B]vo4

8 I : 8 '-1-'- /;

A, -r-- t

t:- 1;

0)

t t:- 1;

t :

;t A, I : \ \ ~ i

t I ;;J:fJ. L i L f: o -'C ;fl f.r G ,

L t: o t: < ~ A, f: -: i L t: o
Bi 8 Ii - AT }; l G """'\ \ ~ i L
L

t: o

t:

f:

L t: o

t- :::z

r7/

< ~

A, h. -tt f; '{ ch I)

;t

""'- \ \ ~ i
i

t tt> 7 f fJ' \ \ i L f: o
B Bi 8 Ii }; -'C < }; ~ i L f:
fJ' ch ~ A, t };-'C < }; ~ i L t.
h.-tt T}; i A,

};

hf: L lich ~ 7 t- t:' f h. i L f:o -'C;flfJ' G, };fJ--ch ~A, t U7:J


:-- Ii A,

s t:

i L f: o

:-- :--

Ii 8 '-1-'-~ f ""'-A,~

7 L i L f: '-1-'-

J:

t J: h. i L t: o
h.-!
shop; store
}:; 1 Iv L:: l'P -J sweet bun
}:; ..Z-

<

(do something) late

Answer the following activities in the order Mary did.

(a) studied Japanese

(b) went to a restaurant

(d) bought sweet buns

( e) watched TV

~<**!
b'

n1v

L,i;,5

)
(c) went to a park

(Writing Practice)

A. You are going out. Write a memo to someone in your house, telling when you
will be back and whether you will have dinner at home.

B.

Write about your weekend.

(m5~1

IJ~L.3
030

031

(mountain)

(3)

h"b

034

h" ,.(,

~If,(,
I> t t

.L Jl] ~ ,.(, (-? i

Jl

*h
A

;oj>;b

SI

~Iv) Mr./Ms. Yamakawa

~Iv) Mr.!Ms. Ogawa

Jl]

:7t ~ 1',( ( ~ :J"/v ~ Id: ) fine


:7t 8 ( ;oj{ Iv t 0) the first day of the year :J:-fu:7t ( t

- r

i:i t) local

(4) -

~~

:7t ~ 1'J.. (ff' Iv ~ Id:) fine T... ~ (-C Iv~) weather


i: ~ ( c Iv ~ ) electricity ~ # -/; ( ~ i:i t;, ) feeling
A~ ( i: Iv ~ ) popularity

(spirit)

(6) /

~ -r ,.(,

T... ~ (-C Iv~ ) weather


:R.. 00 (-C Iv 2:' < ) heaven

,,._

--

:7t

.c:

:R..:t (-C Iv~ v')

035

..

t.L

(origin)

036

J_

Jlj (;oj>;b) river

(3) )

033

'A

1J\Jl] ~ ,.(, (iJ;oj{;b

(river)

7C

t>~i

Jl]
...-

t.L (-? i ) mountain


t.LJ!J ~ ,.(,(-?in':b~lv)
Mr./Ms. Yamakawa
~t.L (b t ~Iv) Mt. Fuji

[>-Q~b

032

Travel

~ ~ ,.(,

Ji

:R.. (-C /vO) 0)

Japanese emperor

genius

:;=

(heaven)

(4) -

~L

(I; private)

5ft. (:bt.: L) I
5ft.J'I.:;k ~ ( L ~ 0 t:3. v' ;?{ < ) private university
5ft.~ ( L "(0) private railroad
~
(7) ....
f f 5f 5fJ. 5ft.

~: ,.(,

~(v'i)

l>bf.: L

-r

[>\\

t>f~

~ 8 (~

now

~Bjt(.:: /vfi'lv) tonight

~~(.:: c L)
(4) /

(now)

037

:R..

t:

(rice field)

J:

0 ) today

~ }3 (.:: /vf:f'0) this month

this year
A

EE i:f ~ /v (t.: Id:;?>~ Iv) Mr./Ms. Tanaka


t.L EE ~ ,.(, (-? i t:3. ~Iv) Mr./Ms. Yamada
EE,.(, ( f ( t.: Iv Lf) rice field
(5) 1

n rn

Ffl

EE

038

'"k
039

-!J::(!) A. (J3/v~(J)(}

~ L.:: J:
[> };

(woman)

~(!)A. (J3 c::


tiU.:lv-i-v>)

[>};t:

041

042

man

man
~ (!)

rrr

(7)

~It /.v
[>;,,.

Jl~ (h.G) to see


Jl~W (It /v~--J) sightseeing
;'t Jl (Ht Iv) opinion

(to see)

(7)

~--

-)

- J: 7

[> \ \

(to go)

[>

J:

'

<

t:

FFI

fl

:Jtzff ( ~

J: :: -) ) travel

(6) /

-ff

1==-

A-

Al--

(9) /

~\\fv

j.k t' ( (!) tr) to drink


ik h. (!) h- t (!)) drink
j.k)@:if~ (v>/v L 19'-) lv-C

[> (!)

(to drink)

J3

h-) flower viewing

Jl

( v' -G ~-- J:

-)

&')) first line

1T

it"'~ (t:::.~G) to eat


it""~w (t:::.~ t (!) l food it '.i' ( L J: < c' -) ) cafeteria
it*- ( L J: < t,) meal i13 ~ ( -G J: -) L J: < ) breakfast

(to eat)
043

EE1

::ft Jl (Ii~

Fl

ff < (v> <) to go


~~.ff (i~t Iv.:: -) ) bank

-f- ( J3 c :: (!) :: ) boy

male student

EE1

(man)

~L

jk

c)

~ -f- ~ :i_ ( t! Iv L 7.1' < th')

~t

(!) (}

~1

Ji

woman

-k ti ( l: J: -1-v') woman -9:: (!) .:r- ( J3 Iv ~ (!) :: ) girl


-&'it: (-!:, J: -) t. J:) the eldest daughter
(3) t;
!J, -9::

/.v -fJ.

~ t~' /.v

040

c)

~w (

(12) /

/'

A-

A;

4;

Iv) drunken driving

( ~ indicates the on-yomi and

j
I>

j'

jh

jy

jk

indicates the kun-yomi.i

0~!0)**~
IJ'fv

A.

(Kanji Practice)

tlfv L/03

L.;

Using the parts below, make up the correct kanji.

Example:
1.

&

2.X
B.

Jt

--+

7J

3. ~

5.

4.-

~
6. ~

7.A

9. ,;(

10.

8. ~

Match the following sentences with the pictures.


1. (

) ;{. \ ' f.r' ~ Jl i -t a

5. (

) J.i t Jlj -IJ{;f)

2. (

) :::7-t-~jj\_J,..i-fo

6. (

) ~8 Ii\'\'~~

3. (

) /\//"\'-fl-~~""" i-t

4. (

) )JJ <!)A. t

-o:
''

(a)

'

-9;<!) A.IJ{\

~/Iv::..?

'i -ta

(b)

i -t

T-t
) }~{tl:fi~ l-f o

7. (

1)

(d)

(c)~

~
(f)

C.

(g)

Match the kanji with the reading.


1. (

) -8

2. (

3. (

(a) \

V)

4. (

) !!38

7. (

) -CB

10. (

-=-a

5.

.z a

8. (

) ;\.. 8

11. (

-=.a

6. (

9.

) iLB

fJ'

(g) ,), -::) fJ'

(b) .; :

(!)

(h) ,7,..

fJ'

-J

) ~8

fJ' (c) -:)\ 'f: t; (d) t }; fJ' (e)


(i)

t;\ \fJ'

(j)

J: 7

fJ'

(k)

fJ.'<!) fJ'

J:

-J

fJ'

(f) Ii

+a
) -=-+ 8
)

-J

fJ'

~35~309

A.

Match the following katakana words with the English equivalents.


1. :J-t-

cake

-If - l-

2. :J /
3.

4.

7J 7

5. 7
6.

B.

coffee

1 -/

cafe
classical music

.I.

7 ~ "/ 7 .

concert

7--t

Vienna

ct 3 <: ~ fvld:CJF5 <: ~ fv!<::ld:1J'~~1J'~* Gtca


Read the postcard below. Write O for the things she did or does and write x
for the things she didn't or doesn't do in Vienna. B!]yos-1
1. (

) see an old castle

4. (

) drink beer at the caf e

2. (

) go to see a ballet

5. (

) enjoy sweets

3. (

) take pictures

6. (

) eat at McDonald's

I ~~

Jt~=~l"
fG~{f iJ',, ~~,.fyi?.-1-/L':: 1J:Jo 22ti
/;~., t ~t; I.. l-t'fo 1'.7.-1- /Lit tt ~ 1!H1G:
1..

i1>-c1'

-=f 3oS' -

~ n? L;t 1' l;J;, t)t l ~l:o ,},1J1J'? 1:


1''--f h\, t -rt &J!u 1-(Lt:o t:< ~A; L~ ~A;t
t i L. f:o J:'~ ti-?? :J,~ 9 '7) J :;1- ~~:
~1 & i l;f::o l1J'? 1:1 -fo

--;

ofr36

< vJ.''1 ili o/ ~2-S-

1)

i1 } 1\ 'J+ ~ ( 1 ~

11

"").{-:; re i~ IJ1,;. /i"-'t-:.<~l.J ;ti, 9 ii

:1.1 L:~ /rJ:r. -f'::J-t.-t-'!tJ+~-fo 1-\-D


~"'i fo -t:'( ~l

1J:. 8:$- -r" ;, l l l

~.r:

L.L r(fo

no

Japan

e9 8t:-b'L1J ~io

,. . ., ~ i

Mr./Ms. (used in letter writing)


,....., -IJ{

..

, but

l 6

night

J; L ~

castle

t:

again

c.

DJ\- r-~1utict>rc-s1<::1a:t.J''Q'~1.J''Q'*L,t.::o
Read the postcard below and answer the following questions in Japanese.
@JY05-2

2.

r A.J ~Ji. -r -t h, o

3.

s 7 Ii

4.

~B Ii -rJ.1::: f Li L f:h'o

e.:

-rJ.1::: f Li L f:h'o

t:;t-u:::

Li L f::.h'o

rul9J l9J ~

[i] ~
)I

-....._\-

cp

--

L;

tJ -,

->--

rp

})'

<)

[!3

cp

'-

fu
,E1

0
I\"

I-

<:.'' ;h' l.''


t 5- L

/:_
~ i
/\,.

0)

B 7- ~'--$ Jt a,

r: t::.
A. ~
0
711 ~
Iv t (!)
c

fu V;t'
8 (!:,'
Jt.
I=
T(,

t'

<1)

$;

-t

(,.1

L JJ

i:::

t-.

~ ts
t
d)

t:

A..
...
A.

<::" fl'

l, I

'--

{_,

-:t

t:
i)

./

J,

lI

;<

t: \ \ A... Iv u-. . )

0)

/,-

1x

.:\-

1 1
~

i:.

rs

fJ '\' :n A.

t tJ) l
t-: L.LI t

'

t"

tough

::J

"-:)

h'

t'
l :t

J:

:\'"

'--

t r:
L

1)
f: t
C>

~ I

El
I!

0)

-t :/

'

'.)

J:

L::

o{
'
l
l

l
I

ft._
J==

t'

fJ\

~1 B
<h'

l}

:;\-

--"<.

r:d.

Iv

h'

t.;
\,I

"--

'

zr,
J:=

Xii
i l:''
9c 9
-..,

'-

i ;t

i'.)\
o

/~
7,

Ji

mountain

--c1;L ;h7t~ -r

Take care.

Mexico

@~<~~!
D'

(Writing Practice)

tllv l~5

The following are your Japanese friends' addresses in your pocket notebook.
Copy their addresses on the postcards and write about your vacation.

.s
"'

_,_,,_

ti

fllJ

Li.

p)f

l>P-l

~i:p f1);,.

'T753-0041

1.'i~i.J'

_tm-~

-i x_ t: n'i' Joi

112-0002

Ji 0 ~Ji

rPt. U'n'L-?i
*- Ji

* *

-?i <'-t;lt/v-?J'

*-

l.t

/: -J ~ d

(t,

36-8

$)(
1R1J\,fi JI] 7-7
/: ,;'./v~ d < .; l'Ln'lo

Japanese addresses
Japanese addresses start with the postal code followed by the prefecture, city, and neighborhoods as follows:
ol
(3)

=r ( l
2

753- 004 1

J.io ~

(4)

-?i (t,lt/v
(7) ~
1, \

i:p rp ;,.

-J:t-j;1

( 1) postal symbol
(2) postal code
(3) prefecture

Ji o

**

rr

-?i <'t, t,
(8)

(s)

}RJ.i

(6)

36- 8

U'n'L-?J'

-yr

( 4) city, village, etc.


(7) name
(8) "Mr.!Ms."
(5) neighborhoods
(6) block number and house number

Note that, like all Japanese texts, addresses can be written vertically as well as horizontally.

C~6~JL

61

~b0)9~tc:JlJ7'~-.::;'_/ My Favorite Restaurant


044

~t7

*-

C> U~{L

JRjf- ( c -J
JR).f. ( c -J

(8) -

(east)
045

047

m
;t

048

0
049

050

tB
7o

J:

jfi

f1

C>l: L
(west)

(6) -

~ fJ.' ,.{,

C> h- 1-J.' h-

ij ( J7. id:#) south ij t:J ( J7. id: J7. (' t) south exit
ij )R (id: Iv c -J ) southeast
ij ;f..~ (id: Iv 2' J: < ) Antarctica
JR f-lij 7 :./ 7 ( c -) IJ: Iv 7 :J 7) Southeast Asia

(south)

(9) -

~~

~(l <
C> ~ f.:

( l -:i

rt-

~=7

.~E~i:J( 2' i: ('t)


< t;

(3) '

~Lr)l-:i
Lr))-:)

it!i:.{> ( "t' J., )

~7

C>:6 ~'- -

::Jt.

A t:J ( t s : -J )

to exit

ti:: t:J ( "t' <" t

t:.'

tl::-f (t!-9) to take something


~ti:: ( ~ L- ~ -J) export
(5) l
+ +' ::J: ti::

~7

:;f;(J7.2'")

population

out

) exit

ti:: ff{; ( L- ~

-? -tl: 2' ) attendance

right

::fJ ;}fr ( -J -tl:-J)


::f; .f (# e.-c)

right turn
right hand

~~

E: (U' t! f) ) left

C> (lf:_' 1)

ii ;}fr ( ~ -tl:-J)
ii5f'lj ~ (U't!

ii::fJ ( ~ ~ -J)
::f; {~IJ

right and left

( Jj. 2'"1.l'b)

right side

T :f7 ;;5

(5)}

(5) -

J: <) North Pole

t:J

(right)

(left)

ii

t:J /A. t:J (v> f) <"t) entrance

(mouth)

(to exit)

F-i

north exit

t:J ( < t) mouth

A. IJ

C>T

n n n

)-'

J,

-l

Kansai area

iffi

J,l::.( 2' t.::) north J.t'O (2' t: ('t) nortKexit


)RJ,t. ( c -) 'i < ) Tohoku area ::Jt:f..~ ( 'i-? 2'
J,t.)i&::it (ti-? 1.l'v' t-)) Hokkaido
(5) -

C> {' t;

vq

iF1

(north)

051

ii_

-J) Tokyo
-J ) the East

2' J:

iffi O: L-) west iffi t:J O: L- (' t) west exit


::Jtiffi (ti< -tl:V') northwest ~ iffi ( 1.1' Iv ~ v-)
iffi).f. (-tl:v> J:-)) the West

~-th\
~

046

JR t:J ( U' 1.1' L- (' t) east exit


~JR ( 1.1' Iv c -) ) Kan to area

(U' 7.1q_,) east

left turn

: .f Wt! f) -C)

f) 2' 2') left-handed

;/=

fr

ii

left hand

052

7t
053

),,(.,

.)~,{.,

,;:,{.,

t>tJ
(minute; to divide)

(4) /

1 ,{.,

7t;:i_ (-tt lv-ttv>) teacher

t> ~ ~

7t; ~ ( -tt Iv L 19> -) ) last week 7t; I::: ( ~ ~I:) ahead


7t; fl ( -tt Iv If 0) last month 7t;]t(-ttlvliv') senior member
,_
(6) I
* d=.. 1- 7t;

(ahead)

1\ \

L J: 7

(5)

(birth)

056

t:\ \

*
=
~

057

?'~
058

fj

f:\ \

t> t? t?

/'...

~ :i_ (;6{
:i_ i
-:i_

t> 7

055

five minutes

-f-~Ct 19>-::> Iv/ t-::> /v) ten minutes


~( t~lv) oneself ~"-It 6 (hit .Q) to divide

~
054

.Ji~ ( :'::: .s, Iv)

< -ttv>)

student

*16 ( -J i

1:::-J.t

tL.Q) to be born

(v'-::> L J:-) l::vd:, t:) once in a life time

1-

J--

7t; :i_ ( -tt lv-tt v-) teacher

J:f:

:i_

:k ~:i_ (t.:'.v'n' < 1.tV>) college student :k ~ \ '(Jo.to~


:k.~1",J..' (t:v'"-lvt:J:) tough :k.J... (Jot-/;]:) adult

v-) big

:k{~_jog(t:v' Li.Plv) embassy


(3)-

(big)

n" <
t> i

7] {-;)

-tJ.

f-

:k ~ (t.::'.v>;6{ <)

university

~te. (;6{-::>.:.-))

school

~.g:~ (;6' < ~) department;


"'

"

,'''

~:i_ (;6' < 1.tv>) student


~.;:(it:J:~)
to study
faculty
..

i'>

i'>

(learning)

(8) '

n~\ '

:9~ ]j (;6{v'.:. <) foreign country


:9~ ]j A (;6>v>.:. < t.lv) foreigner
:9~ ( -t" t) outside ~ :9H n'"' ;6' v')
(5) I
:9 :9] :9~
lJ

t> .2(- t
(outside)

:< :<
t> < I:::

:9~ ]j (;6{v'.:. < )

~ ]j

(ip Iv.:.

i'>

:er-

overseas

9=1 ]j ( t> 19> -) :'::: <) China

foreign country

]j ( < I::) country

< ) South Korea

]j~(.:.-::>n'v') the Diet


(country)

(8)

Fl

IT]

['fl

11

]j

( indicates the on-yomi and l> indicates the kun-yomi.i

0~~!0)**~
tJ'lv

:t1fu L,e;1>3

(Kanji Practice)

A. Combine the following kanji and make compound


same kanji more than once.

J'~ +

Example:

00

--+

words. You can use the

7'~ 00

8
B. Indicate where each place is located on the map.
)

1. (

VA ~7/.

;t~O)i:fl:::;tl)

}Jl,;j-''/-j-:

;t~O)*-oftl::-c

i-to fflOO)lfi< T-to


ti!

i--:J-t('li.~'-('G\' . .C-90

2. (

) a1-r1kt-T1L.-:

3. (

) J.i T 1t : 0) 7 t; : :H~. o f tl:: -r_ :;fl "'- +-)1- <"' G \ ' T-t o

4. (

) :-) ;t!v: itof i--:J-t<"+li-)1-('G\'ff--:J(

5. (

) *-#- :

Jt of tl 't . ic"'-+71'" <". G \ '1T--:J

< t:~\'o

-r < t: ~ \ 'o
station
to exit

b
a

straight

c fv2fvld.'fv

(Bulletin Board)

Look at the bulletin board on the next page and answer the questions.
1. If you want to buy a bicycle, who are you going to contact?
2. Where will the party be held? Are you going to bring anything?
3. How do you get to the concert hall?
4. What can you do for the winter break (from December to January)?

*-AA7-i
7CJ??A
-*.Jt.O) i -t; -c ;t- L- 7. -:T 1 t L i

-l:L\,

~'o

I: -j Ii (

-t-.::.!3.::.-t-1""8 (8),....,
~ ;ft\

d,i:

i.L t Jl] 0) lli

t, ii'

<

-!3-=-8
T-t

C)

;;t \ ' : t t-J L ;;t -r

< t:. ~ \ 'o

8 ::4'-AO):k~::E

T-t

931-2682

-1:! -11- ! !

J: 7 :

l.J -C Iv L, t->
8,000

~ t: G

L \ 'T-t

-c,<.,tJ L --C

CJ: 6 7
i.Lru

< t. : \ 'o

*"'

11 &t)

597-1651

t t:. -t; t -:) ;ft --C

jk;,., t

0)

t t

-:>

~ --C

t \ '\ 'T-t J: !

-r ~ -r < t:.' ~ \ \

-1 :9 ~.J:P ::; L/ 7' l- ~::(:.1


~::;~-p-l/
7 /7- 1,200 F9
A-t,;;

~ (-+t79.

::J-t-)

B -t '/ l- (1 ~ / :::7 - t - )

( I

11 F.l 12 El (3li)
6: 30~

1---71\-J[;
(iffi.;<_;!
~R 3 t:l D ~ tl:fL" 1r: ""- 3 51)

[:::J ::;-t:)-

Chiaki writes about her favorite restaurant. Read the passage and answer the

B!] Y06

questions.

.l(

A,

iJ'

~
(

/_,.

j:;

""

A,

T
'

1t
~

L
\

--

')

A.

-t

A,

1)
J:
7
I)

Ii

-c

>("

f::.

<

.l(

-t -t
0

h. T
-fJ.'

~
~

-:)

t
t:

-t <

""-ti
0

/, ..

*t.Ii -

,..

/'

/'

7
')

/
~

ix

A.

ii

*t.
~

-tJ.

""'
:t T 3i

/'

r
-

-t

7;'-

.; T

G T Ii'

(/)

t -

j:;

.l(

A,

{''

-r~
-f,f

t-

(!)

-t

(/)

~A

(/)

'

,'

t-

A.

,.. r

I 7
i- /

7
/

Ii \ \ -t .I. \ \ -t
7 T
t A.
1
I ( T 7 Ii -t ;{_ 'J
')
i- t
~
-t / 1

"

,..

1:::

t;

j:;

Italy

l::'!f

pizza

1) J: -) 1)

cooking; dish

~'-:>t

always

~:r.. 7

chef

J.;. fJ. ~ A,

everyone

171 /

wine

1 'l

A. Where is the restaurant?

ill

A,

1)
J:
7
1)

<

I
t-

A.
I

J:

t-

.l(

t:7
~

:t 7

I)
J:
7
I)

\
.l(

to -t T -- A, (/)
00 i L lf
-t :t.l( Ii 7
A. -t \ \ ~ 7
t /
?'~

t:< t
.l(

.l(

A,

1)

'J

(/)

B.

Circle the food or drink the writer has at the restaurant.

t -!f

"A1~lf','/T1

17 1 /

t:' -

JI,,

117-71)-L>.
"A 7 - 4-

C. Choose the correct answer.

2.

</:/-r-vli

~<~~!
IJ'

n1v r,~:;

f:IJ'\'

~-t\ \

!-c-ro

(Writing Practice)

A. You are organizing a party. Write a flyer about the party. Be sure to include:
what kind of party it is, what time it starts, where it is held, what to bring, how
to get there, and so on.

B. Write about your favorite restaurant.

(m

7 ~I

>(]71j-~
059

>-

;~
060

061

.,,, ~ J:

Mary's Letter

JR :ff: ( C: ~

}f:-J-(~ J: ~.::)Kyoko

:ff:$(~

~ J: ~) Tokyo

J: ~ C:) Kyoto

.L. :ff: -9 6 ( l'.- J: ~ ~ J: ~ T lai) to go to the capital

__,_

__,_

t3"

-#

(8)

-r-

., , L

-T t'' t ( .:: C:' {, ) child

~:

3(-0:>-J- (;B Iv 1j: 0).::) girl

(child)

(3)

,J,

.,,, L .t i

1J\ ~ \ \ (i? "' ~ v>)

~ t;\ \

(small)

1J\ ~ :i_ ( L J: -? iJ> < -\tit>)


(3) J
1J 1J\

.,,, IJ'\ \

~7

~s

~f~

064

)(
065

-BJ,_

1::>

T6J

.,,,L~

l: ~

s.

}f:-J-(~ J:-? .::) Kyoko


~ 0)

-T ( ;B C: .:: 0) .::) boy

-T
small

J \ ~ {3( ( L J: ~ iJ> 0

'I>

elementary school student

~:;f (iJ'v' L-'\>) company

(i.b-?) to meet

(iJ'v' L

-? ) elementary school

.::

v>/v) office worker

(iJ'v' ~") meeting

~~(~ J: ~'/J'v') church

~f ('/J> "' L-?) company


.:f1f ( l'.- Iv l'.--'\>) shrine :;f~(L-?iJ'v')
Af

__,_

5' ff

(-C Iv L l'.- L J: ) electronic dictionary

-r

(6) /

(to meet)

'i:-T~

~-

063

N .. 71

fuO)Lb\CfJ

(capital)

062

066

n= ~ ~ L-'\>)
7

society

entry to a company

t- t+

(company)

(7) '

.,,, ,),

X ( t i?) father ;I? X ~ ,.{,(;BC: ~ ~Iv) father


X f (b,;t) father and mother ;fJI.)( (-(- .s.) grandfather

~t; t;

ti

(father)

(4) /

.,,,If

,, ...

"/

Oili) mother

x
;I?} ~ ,.{, ( ;B iJ' i.b ~ Iv) mother

;fJiJ: (-(- 'i) grandmother

-HJ:tf; ( 'i

.::') mother tongue

(mother)

(5) 1-._

[J

., ,:7
~ t: IJ'

~ \ \ (t::.iJ>v) expensive; high

~(;t(;t

(high)

IJ'S

CJ.

CJ.

-HJ:

~tx (.:: ~ .: ~) high school

~ ;fj(:i_ (.:: ~ .:: ~ -It v-) high school student

jl ~ ( ~ v'.:: ~ ) the best


_,_
,.....

(10)

"'

-&-

-&l

f?j

_,_

_,_

if1

-&-

fi5J

067

~:1

(school)
068

!/q:
069

~:n
i:JO
070

9,

072

-) ) junior high school

(every)

(6) /

~:-

;f.?o (I:

1'J.

(language)

v' .:::) honorific expressions


::~ ~ ~;;
~

(14) '

~.;:,.<.,

)(~(/vi.l~\)

(sentence)

11' )( ( ;':' \ Iv) composition


)( 1t (/vi.l') culture )()t;
_,_
(4)
7 )(

n' ;t

(to return)

[>(l\'

(to enter)

"""

i7

;;

~T
0

~1i
0

iii
0

iii
Ol

iii
on

iii
00

literature

)( ~ ( b t) letter; character
(/v~;J'.'-)) grammar

~~

')

Iv) every night

.Hf

1Jj_

(word)

v u

~iIv.:.") Japanese (language)

;9.t ?a Cz v >.:::') English

;f"

It> i: t,) every day

t:

~?o (It

[>

t-'- tr

t'

"' L 11>-)) every week 4iJ: BJE ( i Hi'


.Hf.s:i=-(iv'tllv/iv>c
L) everyyear
,.._

~l::rp-)

-)-ltv') high school student

!OJ: 8 ( i
!OJ:~ ( i

~i \\

)C
071

school

~u:i. (.:.-).:.

t:f ~U ( t, 11> -) i.i' -::i.:.


(10) t t t

~ U (.:. -) .:. -) ) high school

~;f,3((7.i~-::i.:.-))

9, 6 (i.i' .:Z. ~) to return


9, I ( ~ .:. \ ) going home 9, ~ ( ~ i: < ) returning home
9, 1) (i.i'.:Z. fJ) return
(10) I
f' f" 9"" 9"" 9,si. 1)f'- ~ 9'
9
A 6 Oiv> ~) to enter
A') tJ /A tJ (v> fJ ('t,) entrance
A*1. 6 (v>hl.>) to put something in ~A(~~:11>-)) import
(2) /
A
( ~ indicates the on-yomi and [> indicates the kun-yomi.)

A.

Fill in the blanks

;>>

1. B/.js;.

B.

li7'8'f I:})~ i-t


!Lt

*-

)(

t }:

)C

h/v

8,

3. B/.js;.

kanji.

.:=_Sf-j:_

'*

2.

4.

with the appropriate

< }),;,.;

1:fr~ i L

f::o

1:

~.. . .;: t

liJ- !/ii;-

') i -t
(7)

Ii

IJ'-') t. T-t

A.

_,_

_,_
~

s.

Which new kanji from this lesson include the katakana below?
Example:
1.

.I

-+

-+

ti..
2.

_;f',

-+

3.

L.,. -+

4.

-+

C. Word Search-Find seven kanji compounds from this lesson and six review
compounds.
Example:

7'[;j:_

9t

)( )C

= Ji
~

_i-

1t

r-gJ

tB

-1-

7o

* -BJ-l=f 7G

~~

00 A. '

/~

Y;

**
-

~..._,

~.li
PO
~

~7~321

t
8

)Z

7
l)
I
/\

-9 :::: L

a little

h. ~

1",f

all

"' fr

G
<

from ...

L::

tj)

cram school

)(: ilf:

t 6
to take (a class)
("' f ) f: <!) L h. ! :: -t 6

literature

to look forward (to)

iJ' Gt: 1:: ~ f

-J

t+ 6

to take care of oneself

Summarize what Mary wrote about the following topics in Japanese.


1. Japan:

2. Hertown:
3. Father:
4. Mother:
5. Sister:
6. Brother:
7. School:

A. Write about the following topics.


1.

8 *(i/1'1.,0) 00 (;!

2. *J.,O) ii;(;!

3.

fr7C < (;!

4.

t: t t:'i;

(;!

B. Write a letter to a Japanese friend. Describe your town, host family, friends,
and so on.

~8~323

(~ 8 ~I L

B*O)~t~ Japanese

073

j{
074

075

*JT
lifl

076

11=
077

~:fJl (i?'v'

/...,

078

Iv) store clerk

,lR_ jil ( ,Z ~ v'

Iv) station staff

,....,

=
I

member

., L ;.,_,

t> <f> t: G

*fr L \ '(~t: G Lv') new *frr:ifl ( L!v~/v)


*fr##-* ( L /v;Nv-1t Iv) Bullet Train

(new)

(13) '

., ';:

19

+-

J..

Tr

SJ.

[> ~

&9 < ( ~ \ ) to listen *frr:ifl ( L/v~/v)


&9 ::: ;:{_ 6 ( ~ .:: X. J.,) can be heard

(to listen)

(14)

., ~ <
[>~ <

fl= 6 ( 0 < J.,)

r r r r1 r1 r1 r9

M Wl r;i rJJ

11= !fu ( ~ <

composition

1fo-

1t

11'

c.::

C) thing )(*Cir t.) fire


1!*-("-lv t.) reply

U Iv) artistic piece

~(L

J:

<

(thing)

(8)-

., -r-;.,_,

'i:,t (-c' Iv L '?) train 'i: Ji. (-C !v ~ ) electricity


'i:~(-c'/v;b) telephone
'i: 51!!, ( 'Z" Iv -t:, ) battery

'F>

'i:-T#f:

<5'

'f

-3-

;=.

o<F>

Fr

., L-\"

,t(< 7.>i) car 'i: ,t ('{."Iv t. .>('> ) train


~$( t.-C Iv L'?) bicycle $ \ '-9
,ti_,t:t~ (-t:, f9>
(7)

""' ""' ""'1

(13) -

(car)

t.) meal

('Z" Iv Lt. L J:) electronic dictionary


r:

(electricity)

t><6i

&9

11=

1*-(LZ:'C) job

::: t:

author

., l:
t:

*f *f *fr

newspaper

(to serve)

[> :::

*/

1*- ( L t: c) job
1 1! L ( L i?' X. L) revenge
1 ;:{_ 6 ( "':) n' ;{_ J.,) to serve; to work under
(5) J
1 1- 1+ 1

[>~/.I'

Jl

to make

11= )( ( ~ < ~Iv)


11=-;ff ( ~ < L '?)
(7) J
1 f

(to make)

ffe

newspaper

*fr~f. -tJ.' ( L Iv-it Iv Id:) fresh

/...,

L'?v'lv) office worker


~ j{ (i?'v'v'lv)

J;5 Jil (-C Iv v'


(10)

080

Office Workers

(member)

., L

1
079

.,

N81

'

L '? t.

(<

J: ~) parking lot

.t

J.,

'i:

i v>T) wheel chair

081

082

.,, ~ t1J

1*
--.......

083

~':!:

6?C

084

a:1

085

'~
""'h

IA

1* t; (~f'@t; be absent;to'"rest
1*7,. (~fl,)~holiday; absence

l>~iJ

ft 8 ( 2' 19> ) l>:::>) holiday


(6) I
1 1- 1t 1t

(to rest)

.,, lf'A.,
[> \ \

: t

ft

7 (v>)) to say
"?o ~ Uf Iv .::'iJ{ < ) linguistics

g ;t (.::. t

7J Oi)

-=-

-=- -=-;=; -=-6

(7)

.,, t'' <


[> J:

~;t~t; J::~I
~/t ( c' < L J:) reading books
~ft: .l,. ~~ ( J: J;. b 0)) reading matter

(to read)

(14) '

.,, L

.~ 7

l>~:S;

:f ,~~/J.'(b

.;,.

'"'

'

'"';;

.;,.+

-""*
-""*
6

""

~~ ~

"

"'

-""*
67C

ff1

to recall; to remember

(to think)

(9)

.,, L::

;j( ( "':::> &') next


;j(
t t. J: ) second daughter
13 ;j( ( b < t) table of contents

tEI

tEI

tEI

''--

tEI

1-.::..

tEI

'~

*(

[>-J ~-~

(6) -,

(next)

(what)

.;,.-

L 2''';/j) mysterious

,~ \ \ lli-t" (i:> b v>t-9)

[>i'J.'I::

;;

to think

(;13

lf!v) dialect

l;f) word; language

-"'-

(to say)

086

1~,. A.,

,'

,-r

fi?J(;!jl.:) what

,h ,;
M~ (;!j Iv t)
b

;j(@] ( tiJ'v')

next time

IA
what time

1PJ A. ( 7'j Iv 1.: Iv) how many people


1PJ IJ' ( ;/j 1.: iJ>) something
(7) I
1 1 11 1r' 1P M
(.,, indicates the on-yomi and [> indicates the kun-yomi.)

~8~325

A.

Using the parts below, make up as many kanji as possible.

"

Example:
1.

""-

-+

/"'
--".

~
A

3.

4.

5.

6.

B. Match the following phrases with an appropriate verb.


L

2. -'!}~
B lvn' <
3. 1
4.

116
. {;f. ;t;

. Mt ;t;

*Mii9 t

B*-~Lij:.)t

5. /\'.//\'-fl-

L.;\q~

-t6

t .

. ~ 7

'E0 '

<
<7) 6

6. ~lf_ 1:::

F:ifl

7. 777.."f-

A.

1m*~O)r::'.J7'-1C- lvld:?Y7- 1'~1'F-::i ""C, E3::$:AO)~U~l;:::lifl~~

IJ1i1>?

L.,tco

Read the following questionnaire.

l/'T-~
1.

1.<J):::Z ~

v"Al.i{~

1)

i-tl.i'o

DJ:<-t6

7 / 7 -

D-tl'' ~ -tl'' ~ L -rj.- \ '

r vA

3.

1*<7)1~,
Mt L i -t l.i'o
ib I:

~~

4.

1:f.J,..!it~\'1\'-fPJ"f-

"' (7) 1&.

L i-tl.i'o

questionnaire
stress

( ~- 1.._, ~- J: 7)

("'

(7) <h

z)

overtime work
after ...

B.

How would you answer the above questions?

C.

':'.77'1-Cfvl3:7Y7-

HL:-::::>l,)-CLnn-

I--~~~*
~ico
IJ

Read the report below and answer the questions.

B *-A.

t: \ \ l

<7) %t- ~

I r. it~

-t

\ \ h. A, f.;. ~ "C \ \ i
~

:fAll/ / 7-

<7)

r f 11--:> "l,

t:f -r-,

t ~ t'' ~

G!] vos

77'1 . 7<-Jl--

*fr~,

h. A, f.;. t l t ~ ;tL l \ \ 6 t
~~

%t-~ -TA.I::: Bf]~ i L

i-f, 11*-<7) :;z r t- ::Z 7J{;h

-t 77 \
~ \ \ i -t

f ~'it 't:\ \ i

1)

i-tn'J

* *~

t Bf]~

f:o

i L

f:o

1LA.li Iii

\ \J z ~
;{_ i L f: 11 7) { tc\'"-lv T' 1* h.7) { ;h i I) f.;. \ \ J t "'.) l
::_ t:
\ \ i L t: o ;jz I::: , Il < ~
~ f L i -t 77, J t Bf1 ~ i L f: o .=:.A. Ii Il
C!lv!id
0

<~~ f
~/v':J;;.1

-t 6 J

t "'.)

-r \ \ i

L f: o li.A. Ii

It

~ t'' ~~
~ f
~'!vt:/l~

-r \ \ i L t. o Ji.13t
I::: I 1* h. Ii t: \ \ -r \ \ M f L i
.:
~i ~ i L f: o -l- A. 1 i I~ tL -r \ \ 6 77' G , I::: \ \ 6 J t "'.)

7" I::: ff < J

t "'.)

~\,\

-t 77, J

-r \ \ i

L f:o

-::) IJ'

8 *-<7)%f~ Ii

n' G '
t

-t 6 J

t. < ~ 1*- f

1* h. ( l M t L i -tt A,

I.\

L "l,

::Z

,Z

r t- ::Z t

J / T - l- f L l'

;h

1)

-to t:-

<7) %t- ~

Il

-r t ::k~
t:- t ~ \ \ i L t: o
t:
I.'-""- /v

~;ft."l\'6

i f

(--:>n';ft."l\'6)

tobetired

;jz I:

first of all

~ 1Jt I:

to answer

secondly
( ~ \ ' .: I:)

lastly

~8~H>327

(a)

1*0)

A ~ l> A

-h{ cf:, 6 o

(c)

.l: < ~
~ ~ -r 6
'5'!v!!H
t "5 r: "5 ~ ~ ~ -f 6 o

(d)

1*0)-f~,

(b)

---

---

-:! Iv~;;. 0

~t

___

___

j:;)@~jjztJo

)...
).._
).._

)...

'51t

(e) 1*.l,i.O) B littlh'(ti".J:~

'o

---

).._

Make a questionnaire and ask several people the questions. Then, write a report
based on the result.

[m9~_~JL

A-~ fvO) E3 PC
IL:-::J
087

~
088

{~
089

'l..

H1J

(noon)

Cf {f (;:;: ::::') P.M.; in the afternoon


A.M.
Cf WJ :=f7 ( r: -tl' Iv ti ~ -? ) in the morning
iE. Cf ( L J: -? ::) noon
!:::(4) /
Cf

~:

Sf-{,((t: ::)

[>

j:;'t

,)-

-? L

093

094

P.M.;

1f 1~(Ji) t "t')

in the a:(t~[Noon

-;;:;ff)1f \<{! ~ t )

lastly

1~

1~

(after)

(9) _,

~-lf'A_,
[> ;f ;t

if ( i

k.) before; front Cf if (;:;: -tl' ,4,) A.M.


.ij.W](~ ;!; k.) name
if ijG 1) ( i k.-? ~) advance sale

(before)

(9)

~&'}\ \

;t

[> fJ.'

~q:;

,,

'

1'

Wf{ ~ i

~
I

~
I]

X.) n~me

1",j.'(~-?

~v>~) famous

K.ij ( L~v>)
;:7

full name

B \ ' ( L 0 v') white


B ~~ (ti < L) blank sheet B ( L 0)
B ;~ Oi < ti J: -? )
/

(white)

(5)

~7

m(~~)

(rain)

(8) -

~ L J:

( (iJ <) to write

rfj

t, L J:) dictionary

Em~og(t
_,

rain

m :AA (-? ~ ) rainy season

#. (

-=>-

~ijlj

" "'

name card

white color

swan

[>(ta!)

t>r~;v

n Fl 8

1~

.s

~!;;I:<

-f

1~

;l:'\3.ij (ti~ v') place name

(6) /

j1

{t-

;t~ij(~v>L)

(name)

[>

;fl&.

m ( ') ~) rainy season


f,fj

m m

~f+. ( ~

J:

-? i.P L J: ) textbook

L J: -/p!v) library

---

-"'

-]It

1t

(to write)

(10)

~t1)7
[> t: t

1ff... f~- 1; ( t b t.=ti) friend


~iff... ( L Iv~ -? ) best friend iff...J...(~-? tlv) friend
iff...'1'1f ( ~-? t, J: -? ) friendship

(friend)

(4)-

after,,L,;

{f J'.> ( -? L 0) back; behind

later

~{ff:: (~v'::t:)

091

Tm)'

Sue's Diary

er: ~fk."-tl' Iv)

'-

092

N9J

090

r -Ji s:

jt

~rn~ 329

095

ra~

096

;:> >

..,77,,.<.,

098

099

1'"
t!1

100

~p

(between)

(12)

... 77'

*(v>X.) house
*~ (;6>-'f. <) family

[> \ \ ;(.

~~ -t
l;IJ,f L

r1

,..,_.

r1

Iv) human being

",

r,

ri

rn,

rAi

* (-) i?) house; home


1'f * ( ~ -::i ;6>) author

my wife

,.

... h

.!=>

>}:>

~ (Ii 7J: L) talk; story

(Ii 7J: T) to speak

~~(l."lvb) telephone

4;;~~(;6>v>;b) conversation

-"

..;:.->
;;

-==~
i4;;
p

'MPl

(to speak)

(13) '

_., L J: 7

[>,),6

1' L ( -9 .::. L) little


1' -f,n ' ( T < 7'j: v') few 1'k (Lt -) L J: -) ) a little
1'3{ ( L J: -) t. J: ) girl 1'~ ( L J: -) ti. Iv) boy
/]
/]'
(4) J
1'
t!J\ '(k~v>) old(forthings)
i:f t!J ( i? ~ -) .::. ) secondhand !5' 1~ (.::. t!v>) ancient times

(old)

(5)-

... t;

~P6 (L~) to know

t> L

~PA(i? !.:Iv) acquaintance

t>-t:

-t <

(little)

... .;

+ T

~P IJ
(8)

_., G \,

i*J ( ;6> 7'j: H

(10)

[> (;t'f'.J.'

r r

(house)

(to know)
101

M ( i:: t.: -/J> Iv) two hours

M (il;v>t!) between A.M (l::lvlf


-~M(v>-::i L~-J-/J>/v) one week

~t

[>;})\\f:'

*
097

.=..

M ( t.::0,1v) time

[>

<

""

-@-\ '(L

J-

* < ~)
*~(
6 (

*-fJ.'\

*
j

~l

(to come)

(7) -

~~

~p

i T) to come

nottocome

G v> L ~ -J) next week


.,-

t!1

* i '"t ( ~
*8 (

to come

'(.::.;/j:v>)

'"';;

acquaintance

~ii;\,')
!=

ii

...,

SL

-'f-

G H:: i?) visit to Japan

( ... indicates the on-yomi and [> indicates the kun-yomi.)

A.

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate


1.

= (})

\ i

-17 '/

(;;tli.

F9 TL f::.o

~\\7-.:t-1-

2.

L~~ i L f::.o

r-71-

3. -Wj
4.

T ::,,,

8/.f.

kanji.

1-

~ i L f::.o
Li-to

B. Choose the most appropriate word for each blank.


1.

(;;t L <V'> i L To ;fJ-(})

2. 4ij. 8

t: \

3. :. (}) IJ' ~

T\

WT

(;;t.f-L-T-to

-1:-wt =.;

l;;ttt-\ 1 n' G,

j? ~

i -t

~1~

IJ' ~ 1- IJ' \ \ i -t

~WT
~WT

*~ \ \
4.

-s a 1;;t \

t-:. '? t:

1 \ 1

1:> L t: l;;t

Tt,

5. ,;

1)

-t--

]=]

.::.-t- li

-(J)j?)( ~ /....,

1-

B ()

i-tIJ'o

~'A

~ ".) -r

Tm)

~p ".)

-r

~ a ii ~,p," h, G m h-;-.;, -') -r \ \ t.

* M (' G \ \ 1t ~ ~
a < -r , * ~ \ \ * t: -')
l ' -

IJ{.),6 t .~-)

Jt'A

\1

ffr L \ \

H~~<

t:.

!if] \ \
,1

t:

tiPt ii :R t: t; 1 :: ;( -

)Et. : .; ,J
U6

J-

0)

7 I) -

0)

;t :A l- 7 , ~

'i,, ~

--: \ \

* ""'1t -') t:
'J *~

0)

i.L

'<'"' {, t

,.<..,1:::~-.>f:.o
aJE

li A,

;h)(~1i-tt7){~<

=--~ f ~""' t:.

r Mt

;h-IV ~ ,.c 1i

l;l /"

~-tl"T\\~.A.t:'-.>f:.o

T,

;h 'J i-tt

,.c n{J

t -.>

~Ct

-r \ \ t: n"-

< J:.;j=-f_:' t ~Jo BJE =--~O):f~, \ \,.; \ \ ,;-tJ.~~ f


L T , ~ kl \ \ -tJ. ~~ i~
f t G -.> f:. o ;h -IV ~ ,.<.., Ii 1'" L t5" \ \ t
t

~ ,.{_, li~Jf-7){-f .:
IJ ;')

f:. o --C-

IJ

t,d

Ii A,

-j'

l;l A,

0)

-t :--

-.> T\ \f:.n\
t T

\t:-o ,J 7

<~kt,\

-0);-tA.

1)

l- 71

~ ')-Ii

t L ,.<. , -tt --? T ~


L 7J' -.> t: o
t:
0)

8g[,

(I:

-:i

~)

~Wio/ ( = {f',{, t;

tj) ))

~ (U6)

~/\ r 7

7 ~

1)-

= i;-f 1
A.

u.d

diary

\ , .-s \ , .-s

in the morning

g~f-t6

to have a talk

noon

-f LT

and then

host family

~A~ 0

excellent food

t (!))

various

kimono; Japanese
traditional dress

Put the following pictures in the right order according to Sue's diary.
(

(b)

(e)

--+

B.

Mark

0 if the following statements are true. Mark x if not true.

1. (

t G-:> f:o

) :A-~ ,.{.,(;ti!;\'~~~~
"'

< < -r_


{PJ t -t,;:n'-:> t: o

2. (

) -hX ~ ,.{.,(i-tl-n"U

3. (

) BJE =--~(;t
lilv

l~k

{,QJ

'60

-\"'{i-""[\

4.

) :A-~ ,.{.,(;t};~~ ,.(.,<7)*4-J!n"*J-~ t:o

5.

1);1

6. (

~5n. n" J: <

-t

I}

-r.;: n'-:> t: o

) _;<')1}-~,.(.,<7),-t:A

~71~1)-<7),-:gitJ(iJ.imt:o

C. :::Z-c!fu!d:)<71J-c!fuO)i1CZ I'7r ~ 1)-[;:::)<-Ji.;~~E* ~t.:o


Read the following mail. B!] Y09-2

c. -J t ~v J tf t -J z: "25' l \ 1 l tc.

~ 0)

-J

t tc. (!) L, tJ) J i: -C 9

(i

-J -c (i ~ 1 v J B
s 1 ~ Iv 0) v J J: -J v J
v J c1:

*
(i

0) v J c1:

-J

vJ ~

1tA:'. 1 -tt Iv ti,

t T t s l \ L, tJ) J tc. -C 9 a
v J ti t -J t: "25\ \ 1 L, tc. a

n tJ) G -, ~ t 0) ~ ~
t T t ~n l \t;r ~ t 0) -C 9 td.a

tJ)fvZ..

< (:t~{tf'(:*T < f(:_'~

f.l (i

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sue@genkinihongo.com

1) l

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dormitory
to show someone around

~9~333

A. What did you do yesterday? Write a journal.

8. Write a thank-you letter to someone.

Useful Expressions:
\ ' ;; \ ' ;; J:; 1 b I::: -tJ. ') i L

1* I::: ~ ~

-::>

It T

li'Glo

J:;~\ 'T ~ 6

<

f : ~ \ '

<!) ~ ~
t.o:

r J:

-)

(Thank you for everything.)

(Please take care of yourself.)

L h-1::: LT\' i -t

"'"' J:; II) T t -) ( : ~- \ ' i -t)


( J:;) f::. Iv

t:

U: J:; II) T t -)

(I am looking forward to seeing you.)

(Congratulations on ...
o

(Happy Birthday)

rm 10,~, L
1J'~lJ~3
102

1i
103

iE

[>

iE. L \

t: r:

1BJ
108

109

*
it

-? i){-::>}

J;

iE. ~ ( L .i; -? -::)

(t:.t:!. Lv') right

..::.lf-: (~ !v;b.!v-tt"v>) third-year student


~lf- ( .:: t L)
*lf-(;v>~a!v) nextyear
;lf-( t L) year
,_
~
(6) ,
;:::.. lf1==

[>

i=

(to sell)

(7) -

~If\
l>

.Ji{ 7

n~

c'-? lilvli'v'
~

~-t;J:7
[> i -t;

lllJ(i

lllJ ft ( t

J; -)

(town)

(7) I

~i;J:7

-&\

t)

(long)

(8)

~ t''-J

it ( l;. t)

J;

J; -) )

rn

(12)

'JC

1G Jl ( Lfv'li'v')

=
l

Ff
J;

-? )

Bl

,,

'

YI Yl

Kitayama town

long
the eldest son
company president
_g_

t'-? )
-:::i

Wf

lllJ

-f

l.'.- VJ>-?

c'-J)

way; road

(Li

selling and buying

mayor of a town

lll

-? Id: Iv)
J; -? )

r'

:f ~ ( L .i;
)t }iit~

(way)

'r

)t Ji lllJ ( ~ t.:"V' it

town

(~i,){1;>)

ft 31} ( t

TTT7

:f ft ( L ~ t

h -t;

~)vending machine

p,

,,._,

,._,

(12) \

[>

stall

Yl \ 1 i~ ( i?' v "t 0)) shopping

this year

(i?'-)) to buy

(to buy)

[> f.;_ -4{

t,

noon

iE

if

1G 6 ( -) Q ) to sell
1G ;;!,; OJv' -C Iv) stand;
~AA.1G~(

New Year

~fl,.(,

~~

107

(5) -

~If\

10

r r-

(right)

.:..~

The Folktale Kasajizo

J:; iE. f3 (;l3 L

(year)

Jt

~ L J: 7

106

(to live)

t>-t

t> t

':I=

1i t; (-ttJ) to live
1i PJT ( t. VJ> -? L J; ) address
#1i-f" 6 (v' t, VJ>-? T Q) to immigrate
(7) I
1t N= 1i
1

~trJJ7

104

105

calligraphy

i?' It'

c'-? )

ss:

~~(

judo

Hokkaido
-

l'l

11'

it 'it ~it ~

110

~-1-::>

~>

9
111

JI_
112

~(~~)snow

l> rJ) ~

*fr~ (

(snow)

(11) -

~ ')-:)
l> t:

JI.-::> ( i: 0) to stand
Jj JI.*.~ (.::. < I'.) --:it! \i' iJ{ < ) national university
~.l.Jl. ~ ;f'X ( L I'.) --:i.::. -) .::. -) ) private high school

(to stand)

(5)

~t

-)t( t~lv) oneself


f}J ~ ( t. /::'-) L ~) automobile

t~-)) freedom

~ t.~J;;>

L /v-tt--:i) new snow

-'-

rp

t'

i<r

Tr

n A

(6)

~~

~ ( J:: ~) night

l> J:

J:

'

(self)

!$>

im-

im-r

snowman

im=l

JI.
~ ~ ( r. -C Iv L ~) bicycle

m(

113

i ( ~ ~ t! ~ i)

'!

~ t:j:1 ( J:: ~iJ') midnight

~~(.::.Iv~)

tonight

~ BA(t ( J:: il0 ft) dawn


~
114

$,ij
115

'

_,_

r:

(night)

(8)

~i;J:7

~ ( il0 ~) morning

t>S~

~"ft ( i::i J: -)

(morning)

(12) -

~t

tf-:> ( ~ -o) to hold #

l>

(to hold)

J:

;(!

;&

~ ~ (It~)

this morning

< ) breakfast :OJ:~ ( i


;!;

;!;

;!;

-? ""(

~
il0 ~ ) every morning

It'

< ~ (~ *
~

PJT# Ji:r ( L J: t V- Iv) belongings


'A# t. ( ~ b i::i) feeling
(9) t t t- t+ flo

~
-C

if]

< ~) to bring

# #

( ~ indicates the on-yorni and l> indicates the kun-yorni.)

A.

Add strokes to the kanji below and turn them into new kanji from this lesson.

Example:

8.

JI.

--+

1.

.l;

--+

3.

--+

5.

--+

7. ~

2.

--+

4.

,Fl

--+

6.

--+

8.

'

--+
--+

Write each antonym in kanji.

4. ~

C.

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate kanji from the list, and add hiragana
where necessary.

I.

lllJ T ------

~ L i L

t:

shopping
have
3.

::$.T!
i;$.~
-?

---

(\\ii"o

(are) sell(ing)
snow
was long
live
was standing

A.

Answer the following

questions.

2. (Picture 1) : fl (;i 1? L:: -2('" 7 -:: /....,Ti" o Mt: t .~


\ ' i i" IJ' o

3. (Picture 2) :

T-t

1?

(J)

L:: \ ' -:: /...., t

r /. . , fJ.' A t: t

1? I ;Lt -:: /...., IJ { :

.~ \ \ i -t IJ'

(J)

r /. . , -fJ. ~ 511 ~

~i5 (J) .A..~


lPt/v;::'j
L

-r \ \ 6 t

(main characters)
.~
\ \ i -t IJ

'0

iJ'0

B.

"1J'c L;.Z:5"

Read the Japanese folktale

on pp. 338-9.

Efily10

C. Put the following pictures in the right order.


(

(a)~

-+

..

...~<?~

{].
'/..,

G)
.

-+

-+

(b)1&~-

%'?

;;.-" !lf'',

-+

(c)

-+

t'-h' L t'-h' L
h' ~

once upon a
time

New Year's

year

t:J t t;
.JG 6

rice cake

-h'

-fJ.. L

Ii

t
"C

-'f 7 ~ ,.(,
guardian deity
of children

t:
0

t 1-J
L L::

s ~\
h
1 L

snow

h'.}:{t

fJ.

A. i

mountain road

to put (a hat) on
a person's head

~)

71"

oneself

f: If'

t: 6

to take off

\ '\ ' ::: t:

good deed

/E ( ::: ;{_)

voice

p ( t:)

door

<

0
L_

>(

(person I: a hat

1-J

-c

'

Iv
Ii

1-J

t
t;

-f 6 to be surprised
L <f> tJ 1 ( -rJ..) happy

(J ...,

I)

f:

<
D. Mark 0 if the following
statements are true. Mark x if not true.
L (

) }J

L \ '~ A, t: }J (;f .:h ~ A, (i }J ~# t; ti-.


~IJ

t:, tL t

}J

L \ ' ~ A,(}) fr~ f ~ tYr.J. h'-:)

2. (

3. (

) }J

4. (

) ~ (}) o/ T }J

s. (

6. (

) t; ( J .:h

7. (

) }J

}J

) }J

t:

t:

L \ ' ~ A, ( i }J L ..z:: 7 ~ A, I:: h' ~ f 1G-:) f: o


L \ ' ~ A, ( i }J L ..z:: 7 ~ A, f 7'-J Jt t: o

L \ ' ~ A, Ii *1f L \ ' h, ~ f 7'-J # -:) T \ ' t: o

~ A, ( i

}J

L \ ' ~ A,(}) ~3 f fll'1 \ '

L-f:'.-) ~ ,{,(i}J~f
~IJ

8. (

-/J'

')

sad

L::

(!)

L ~
t: 1:

J.ilt (~;t;,,.t;)
l>f' 7 / })

""'
13
i (!)

to sell
\'

L
f:

~ iE

bamboo hat

t:J .iE ~

i --,

Iv 1-J

t: < ~

-r ,

h, -r.J. L Ct.J. -:)

,{,#-:) l ~f:o

L \ ' ~ A, t: }J ( J .:h ~ A,(}) }J .iE fl ( i t: -r t J: h, -:) f: o

t.

--,
.){

._

( j:

.){

._

Iv

( j:

-:::>

Ji

-:::>

-:::>

'

Iv

L -'

(/)
.){

._

V1

1'

-:::>

I)

.){

( j:

Iv

.){

._

-:::>

L_

....1-

-Ii- Iv
Iv '

-:::>

f::.

._

(/)

Iv

J:.

._

IJ"

t:

-t

._

IJ"

IJ',,.

-Ii-

f::.

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._

.){

._

j:;

J3

r t;

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-:)

IJ" -t
0

fJ..

IJ'

L
t;
Iv
.){

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IJ'

Jt-

t; G IJ"
'

!-L

.){

(/)

._

-/;"
.><;
"-

.z
I

# f

~~ j:;

f::.

Iv

1:::
::!:

'JG

i ll ')
1:::
L IJ'
fJ..

fr

f::.

L ~
< i
~
fJ..
L
IJ"
')

t: i
<
.){

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Iv

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-:)

-r

f::.

f::.

-:)

')

.iE j:;

I j: Iv i:p
~ j:; t I j: 1:::
J .iE i
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rlfi

.){

._

( j:

-r
\ \ t ' -:::> J3 1) t; t
-r \._ !BJ t (/) i T \.){._

L_

,),

~
\

1t

IJ'

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!-L L f

-:)

s:

fJ..
\ \

j:;

.){

L_

1:::

._

IJ'

-:)

._

L t; -r
f::. < \

.){

-r

.){
._

,I'\

.){

Iv i Iv -r IJ' *fr t IJ'


( j: -Ii- ll
L j:; L
j:;
\
Iv
If'
t:
IJ'
ft

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.){

.){

-IiIv

.){
._

f::.

.){
._

~-

j:;

j:;

.){

t ~-t

( j:
--,

._

ll
IJ'

1::: j:;
j:;

L_

IJ'

t: L f L f ~~T
0

i:p

._

(/)

~-

-:)

-2:-

j:; Ji
0

Iv

~- -r t L
Iv
J < 5 ~- Iv t:
t: \ J IJ" !
.){

._

-:)

L
0

.){

1.t~ ll
M

._

.){

._

.){

IJ' J

._

Iv

'

(/)

~- ~-

j:;

ff- f::.0 -:::>


IJ'

j:; t'' j:; j:; a


t J t L (/)

iffi>

j:; IJ'

--,

--,

f::.
0

L T
f::.
0

')

j:;

.){

'

-:)

I)

j:;

-IiIv

._

-r
\

~
.){

._

Iv

IJ"
L {i
T Iv t:
Iv
L t
-r
.){

._

f::. j:; ~
0

t:

*1,

1'

-t

IJ'
Iv
t
L t; T f t
t. t t 11= j:;
If'

ll

If' L

f::.

.){

I j: L

Iv

j:;

f::.

~
._

Choose one topic from the list below and write what you do/did on these days.

1)

A. 7 A. (Christmas)

~ :i.8 (Birthday)

/ \'

tcA, I: d rJ

/(Ramadan)

7 1

r; -

1) -

(Diwali)

/ ' o 7 1 - / (Halloween)

v/

9 1 / 7- (St Valentaine's Day)

/' :X

fJ- (Chanukkah)
Others

(m 11 ~I L E s s o
~/C.!5~~ Looking for Friends

N ll~

ra; 1_,~5

116

-t117

~ L rp
l> T

-t-(--C)

119

120

lJi
BA

121

ffl

~L

-t-~(--Ci.lrh.) letter
~~ ( i.lh.) paper

-t-

;fo~~(;b L) Japanese paper

J:-? L) front cover

(paper)

(10)

~:7

'9:J- ~

:if>

l>-t

-fJ. ( T

2- iJ:) to like

-95-;t. ( ::. -) It')

good will

'9:J- ~

~--

~(

-fJ. ( t!"' T

'9:J- .7,.. ( ::. (!) h.)

~f

~~

2- iJ:) to love

liking; taste

'95-~~ (::. -) "'."J) favorite food


(favorite; to like)

i; fJ'

[>

-9:

f'

-95-

-9:J

(near)

BJ] 6 \ '(~i.1-~ v) cheerful; bright


BJ] 8 ( ~ Lt.:) tomorrow ID?, BJ] ( -\t"'."J 66 It') explanation
f;-B}] (fi"J 66 It>) invention )C BJ] (Iv 66 It') civilization

~6"}\\

[>

(6) (

:ilt < ( i:i i.l < ) near; nearby :ilt.PJT ( 2- Iv r. J: ) neighborhood


~:ilt ( ~ v' 2- Iv) recently
tf :iltJR ( i:i 19> -) 2- Iv c -) ) the Middle and Near East
(7)
f
f
n- n- :i!T :ilt

~ ~ ,.{,

sfJ'

~7/J:

(8) I

(bright)

(ill; sick)
~\

123

3!=-

*:~~(Li'

122

Bt
8*

(4) ~

~~

singer

iJ:) good at

(hand)

fJ'.7,..

19>)

-t- ~ ( L 19> b) sign language

hand

.L-t- -fJ. ( L J: -? f

[>I.I'~ .7,..

l l8

~ -t-(i.l L

-t- ~~ ( ""( i.l'h.) letter

\,.{,

Bf]

BJ

BJ]

B}j

m~
]! m (

'A ( rl J: -? 2- ) illness
J: -? It' Iv) hospital
t::, 19> -? tr J: -7 ) serious illness
~ ffl ( 2- 19> -7 r.F J: -? ) sudden illness
(lf

(10)

'

_,_

r-

s':

t= #1

ffl

~~(U'J:-? v!v) hospital


*~~(t!1t i.1r< v>!v) graduate school
~ ~ ~ (U' J: -? It' Iv) beauty parlor
1

(institution)

(10) ~

~'';;{

a;Jc@J (X. v~i.l')

[>

7 -J

(to reflect)

?'

r r r:

movie

B!k:i~'B ( X. lti.Jri.J'lv) movie theater


B!k: 6 ( -? ":J ~ ) to be reflected
en
B
(9) I
B
n
R

BP

Bji

B!k:

124

~'<

~~{'

@)

8*.@i(.:Z.1t>7.J>) movie

*-

@i (7.1'7.i') painter ~f@i (lt1t'7.I' <)plan


5f@i ( i /.,7.J{) comic

ifi

(picture)

(8) -

~~'
I> 7

~ 7 ( -? t::. -) ) to sing

125

lJ ~ (.::.

t:

iti

lB

@i

@_

~ -t-- ( 7.1 L 19' ) singer

~ (-) t::.) song

~~1~

7.1') national anthem

(7.1'~ ~) Kabuki

~~6] (7.1' L) lyrics

~
126

rP
127

(to sing)

(14) -

~L

Jl] 0$

128

L .J:

.J:

(place)

~-"'A.,

t:

~
(to make efforts)
129

'~

f' ~ ~

(7.J>;b ('"t L) Kawaguchi City

1~?ff ( L {' <

L J: ) city hall

\ \ .; \ \ .; fJ.

?ff ( t

$-ft ( L "t J: -) ) mayor

.::. 0) various places

=7

(10) /

trr

{'

{(,

{h

i.. 1rz

f3

(strong)

~rp 7

~ ij

I> cl)

~;ft ( v9J -)

I>-:) J::

t: (v9J-) /61.t>;J:)

(to exist)

(6) /

~ 1) .J:

~ff

I> t:

u:

(travel)

tJ) -)

(j; i5) to exist

id:) talented

(I'.) J: .::. -? ) travel

Qt{j'g"(
(10) '

~6

r- :f"" ::ff :ff

J:
.).

- A.Qt{ ( V- t

inn

I'.) J: 7.)>/v)

Qt(~ ( I'.)
~

famous

I'.) J: -) ) toll; fee

~ ~~ fJ. ( v9J -)

~
l3l

ff

~7~-f" 6 ("'-Iv~ J: -)t"i5) to study 7~ \ \ ("J J: v-) strong


7~ 'If fJ. ( .:::-) t. J: -) id:) obstinate 7~~(.:::'-) t-)) robbery
7~ '/] fJ. ( ~ J: -) I'.) J: < id:) powerful
(11) ..,
"'
7 7.,_ r 7t 7f;; 7~ 7$ ~ 7~

~~ .J:

130

:er

PT

ilt?ff ( ~ Iv t. J: ) neighborhood
~?ff (t! It' c'.::. 0) kitchen 1ififf ( t. 19' -? L J: ) address
__,
1
3
(8) p p pf pf ?ff
~7~-t" 6 ("'-Iv~ J: -?t"i5) to study
~ &I:> 6 ( ".'.) t 16 i5 ) to try hard fh~ fJ. ( ~ !v""-lvid:) diligent

1>t::.;
t:'':.;

[>-J

"

$:!:~(It' "t ii') market


__,_ __,_ __,_
(5) '
I
n

(city)

~t

P)f

I>\\

I'.)

t: '()") traveling alone

It Iv) passport
.).

7j

7J

JjJ"

fr

Qt(

( ~ indicates the on-yomi and [> indicates the kun-yomi.i

Combine the parts below to form the new kanji from this lesson.

A.

B.

Put one kanji in each box to make compounds.


(2)11<1

(3)

lJ[J

~ro%:::~X.
""C </eel
L.?'tA
er:

A.

2. 1J:..

t': t; f .. ~

'o

11rr _,,_ 1

L T \ \ 6 A I::: ,)(' -

Ii., ~

.:f=- ~~ f ...\ \ t. : t f;' ~ I) i -t f;'

1itt'!> Ii:: tel: ::> "C < tc ~ L\

~<t.:~"' 1

:kcf:..:=.~1:. T-t
cf: T-t o 7Z ;f- -

5$-JX!i 7 7 / ;z :)(

4tf~ T-t

fJ'.:k# ~ T, {:th.

7 7

'/

-tt Iv.:: -j

JI]

-c:ili<

f L t: ') L T \ ' i -t o tJ 7 ;;t 7 I::: t

:7~ 00 (7) i.L I::: O){f


~

J: <ff~ i-to ~Jj[\'--:J


L
.; /v /:'

-ct ,.C fJ' o

J:

1:::~U
ifJf-

C1rp l:::fi.,.C

T\ 'i -to

F 7 fJ'ff ~ --c_ Vf.h. (7) 8 Ii ii'!

(7) 8 I ::: I i ' T .::_ A f L t. I) ' .fj- "/ tJ -

00-----

(Answer the following questions.)

If L~-j

(4)~

(7)i.L~Jl]l:::ff~ i-to
1)

f: \ ' t .~

;jq*-!i

Ldl?\'
'?

T \' i

"\ :> l,, d; l~J t:I ~'i>


20

~-IJ' G 25 ~ (' G \ \ --c, B}i 6

lite-to

C< t'

< -c

< --c_ f: If' :::: ~ '?& h -t.i- \ , A.


T
~-IJ"-&:\ 'An"ff ~ --c-r rr < li~m
~ :S L

-:>I:

F 71 7'' t

7 -IJ"ff ~

-1'.i'-k

(1)-J-""(''-t

;f 7 -

< (1)-IJ"ff ~ T, ;J-'1 *-IHJX-=f:-1: -t.i


t: \ ' t }~~""( \ ' i -t o :f.t. t \ ' ~

~U

LdGt'

I)

i!'J'i.

1:f/Jtlt) T \' i -ta ~~!i

"/

t> ~tt fu'IJ'

L J: 1:/</

~-~~1J

i-l/v-lJ'o -ttl

L '' J'i.

-IJ' G ~ / -lf - ~ t \ ' ~ L J: I: ff~ i

I'![,,

"'~~
(If L rp -5)
-9; ( }; ,.(, 1.J_' )

77

F7

~ (t?t=)

(18~/k)

161

looking for , . ,

1~-k (f.l'O)LJ:)

girlfriend

woman

B}j ~ \'

cheerful

outdoor activities

~'*

man

/\/

(L rp/,<)

hobby
band

i. The person who is 18 years old

2, The person who is a college student

3, The person who likes movies

) :s Iv
) :s Iv
) :s Iv

4, The person who likes climbing mountains

) ~Iv

5. The person who is looking for a girlfriend

) :s Iv

fB.-J:S Iv !i t''!v-t.J-'
oj)-j ::

2.

fB.-J:S /v(l)~:r5(tiMT-t-lJ'o
oj)-j ::
-ttlv::-3

:A~ - ''/ ~

Li -t-lJ'o

ll L&'>i L-Zo lftt:'-t;~~J


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L
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:ilii'lf

neighborhood

)C 1t

(.;: ,\; iJ')


: ;fl TJ' G

culture

: t'.

things; matters

reply

~* ( h ""- ,\; L::)

from now on

N12J

Tanabata Festival
132

-M

1f (fr il' L)

l>tJh'L

(ancient times)

133

134

~'
Jf-

.:!..

.:!..

.:!..
A

rp (.:. ") '"'- L)

;flf p

(God)

(9) '

~.z

.!f-\ \ Oi-?v>)

:flflt ( t. A.- t. "'(> )

shrine

Kobe City
;f

;fl

;fn

ffl

*3 *

early

..!f-~ ~ -9 6 Ui-? ;13 ~ T J.:>) to get up early


..!f-~ ( f- ") i? J: ") ) early morning
n
e
A
..
(6) \
..!f~ ~ 6 (;13 ~ J.:>) to get up
~: -9 (;13.:. "t) to wake someone up
~Jr.-9 6 (~VJ 0-t J.:>) to stand up

[>(;;!:~

(early)

I> 7 L
(cow)

~L
[>-J

t: (v> 0 "' 0 ;J:) various

l>h'h.

~ ~-- rp

~k

;flf 1t (LA, C: ")) Shinto religion

:7

(to get up)

1~
fh

( C: ~ C:' ~ ) sometimes

;flP ~ l (il'lJ. ~ i) God

138

mr k
~t,.<_,

~~

w C: cf' u people

(3) I

I>})

137

A.k
(symbol of repetition of a kanji)

136

139

+r

+-

(8) -

(;t:Ll3 fr il' L) ancient times

{} k (fril' Lfril' L) once upon a time

k
135

* {}

old times

{f~i;-(fril' Uf;J: L) old tale

h'

(10) -

;:!:

4(-7 L) cow
4~L( ~--~")~=~"))milk
-3-4 ( .:. ") L) calf; veal
~
(4) /
!::=-.
4
~. 7 (0il'j) to use

*1:>1!\1! (

-t

jl=

1- 1'

1n

1a 1!Y

~~7

fh < OH: I? <) to work


~fh ~ ( C: b ti't: G ~) both husband

(to work)

7Jfh (0
(13) I

"Occupied"

r r r

1!

and wife working

") C:' ")) labor

errand

(8)

l>lif: G
!if: G

1iffl t:f ( L J: ") i? ~ -? )

(to use)

%:

4 ~ ( ~-- ~ ") ~= \ ) beef

t: v' L) ambassador
\(;1307,)'v')

1f

J f7 fh

140

1!
141

$1J
142

oc

143

$
144

145

-t

~;ft,.{,

:it ;It T l}t

[> "J

J:it(.::.

6 (-::::> h -C ii' X. J.i)

< h!v)

:itf;f..(h!v ~ ~

to bring (a person) back

United Nations

-J) consecutive holidays

Fl

w.

1!

(to link)

(10)

~......;::--:)

r>hn'

$1J ;It 6 ( ;b ii' h J.i ) to separate $1] I::: (,..Z-::::>v:) not in particular
$1J -f,f ( c < ,..,Z-:::> 7J:) special ft $1J ( 2' ,..Z-::::>) discrimination
$1Jh I::: (,..z0,..,z0v:) separately

(to separate)

(7)

~~--

-It. (v'-/::, c') once ~ Jt. (.::. Iv c') near future

t~

r7

)Jfil.Jt. (;13

$1

$1J

.:::. +z (~Iv

!v c') temperature

t. ~ -J c') 30 degrees

(time; degrees)

~lt_(t.::v'c'')
_,_
(9)

~-tt~
l>Sn'

-$ (;j;yil') red color -$ \ \ (;j;yil'v') red


-$ f; ~ ,.{_, (;j;yil'-/::, ~Iv) baby -$~ (-\!" ~ t'-J)

i/t--T*
(7)

(red)

t"

.:l=-

-ft (;f;y;S) blue color

[>;.f)j:?

-'ff ~(-t!"V>tl.!v)

-ft 1 ~
(8)

(blue)

[>\ \..;

L .t

<

(color)

re=

It.
the equator

T- 1t w-- -$
-ft\\ (;f;y;Sv>) blue

youth

-'ff '.1: ( ;j;y 1> {'' G)

blue sky

=F

.=E-

-r-

11 11 -ft

~(v>0) color

~h

-f,f

(v'0 v'0 IJ:) various

t~ ~ ( c <

J#=

( {f;y 1> L Iv.::."-? ) green light


+

(-\!" ~ t. ~-? t.) the Red Cross


+

attitude

~{t\ \

~L~

:it

(6) /

L J:

~ ~ ( ~t

L ~) scenery

< ) characteristic
a,

Lf,

LJ,

( ~ indicates the on-yomi and [> indicates the kun-yomi.)

A.

Match the reading, kanji, and translation.

i:Jn'

Example:

1. Ii~(\')
2.

t?(~ 6)

3.

-:) n'

4.

hn'(*1-6)

5.

ctn'

-$

c-n

6. (tj?

\..;

7.

8.

-J

to use

~~it .

cow

11-~togetup
4
early
color
ancient times

to separate

$1J

blue

1!.

red

B. Which new kanji from this lesson include the katakana below?
1.

C.

2.

-+

;z,

-+

3.

7J

-+

4. ~

-+

Which new kanji from this lesson shares the same component as each pair of
kanji below?
Example:
1.

ti 1

lW

-+

1t
.:-

2. ~

3.

7j

m12~349

G!l Yl 2

B. -G:$70)~31(!:~~(}j* U J: "50
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u
'-

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L

1:
~
\

f::.

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( i?

= 6)

'R. (-r Iv)

the heavens; the sky

~ 6

ff~ i

God

:Itn T ')W 6

(t;-f"&'))
iL&')(fJ.)

daughter

):tr.

serious; sober; diligent

~'h \ \ -'(- 7 (fJ.)

(if.: ~ ~ 6 ( j:; 6)

to weave

-.5f- I: - ;t".

once a year

;f,i 6"-'

one ...

'""i Tl:

by . .
wish

(;,i 6 B one day)

<

(fJ.

to get angry
to bring (a person) back

<)

to cry
pitiful

*.A. ( j:; t'. -fJ.)

adult

~\'

)t--:Jlt6

to find

~' -f.J:

'R.o:>Jll (;,ii q)~{;b)

the Milky Way

:f(L.J.:

i; (hf.: L f.: i;)

foJ= 7 (t;= 7)

the other side; over there

'"" -rJ.

cow

t: 1v~ <

strip of fancy paper

farm

A.k

people

t: It)

1111 (Ii

3.

(.Z,,.--:Jlt6)

t -J L T # ~ i L:t ~ 'J i L
};

s.

t -) L T ~t. f: t; Ii

.:

-t.Y <7) 8
tJ,,:l:f.tc

t: h'

(tl~'\ ')

to be realized
we

and so forth

I ::: f: ,.{., ~-

<

I::: ~ \ ' f ~ i --9 h'

ioiJ<

@~<**~

:tllv L,~3

tcn-.::O)ffiiWl, '~1i-:)~l, )-C <reel,


!>Ii

l,

'-c <reel, ,0

'o

3 lJ -C -t'O)~l,
l>ll'

'~~~*

lJ tct: I-'El3 (reason) ti~


'! l\b?

a:;-:J

tJ1fu

Appendix

c2" ( l., Vu l
(2" <, l., )/,,;

Japanese-English

352

2 English-Japanese

365

B'-tfu~
IO IJ/,, '5

Map of Japan

378

9-

Numbers

380

b'O-

~'j!i,Efj~
1Jl:J~5t)J:j

Conjugation

Chart

382

s h

Japanese-Eng

(Conversation and Grammar section)

~- .... ~jedj~~ri

(Reading and Writing section)


(V.jl, ){!-:::>(Greetings)

(e)

ro~~m~

7 -{ :::Z? 1) SL \tc M
5 it 7
7r:J t---i-:7

L;

BJl ~ \

*}(

::> "(

~ L6

~L3

the day after tomorrow

~ L4(e), ~LS

~L6

sr.::r.::1J'L\ 8*.iJ'\ I warm ~L10


St.:* li~ head ~L7(e)
sr.:*1J'L\L\ iijli)<'\ 11 I bright; smart; clever

*JT L 1

~L7

~L5

new

l,\l,\ good ~L3


L \I, \x No.; Not at all.
!,\!,\(:

l_, ~ leg; foot ~ L7(e), ~ L 12


7:>'71:tfu~~5
7:/7:!iif1E
Asianstudies
~L1
l_, t: B}l B tomorrow ~ L3, ~ L4(e)
t <: over there ~ L2
t13\ JQ!,;: to play; to spend time pleasantly [u]

t.::S L,L\

::>L\ AA\1
hot(thing)
~L5
::>L\ ~11
hot(weather)
~L5
(-O))c
{ft after(anevent) ~LS-II,~L11

{ft-r lateron ~L6


tJ.t.: you ~ L4
~ :i(iji (my) older sister ~

7H-

I'--

toshow(someone)around

(over there)

~ L2

~L1
apartment

L7

~L7

111-J-

~G
~L9

good child

l,\l,\(:c
gooddeed
~L10-II
L\5 '-) tosay[u]
~LS
L \x
home; house ~ L3

*-

-L \~

~it~

bound for. . .

~ L 1 O(e)

-{~l):::Z
Britain ~L1, ~L2
L \ <, :ft < to go [ u] ~ L3
l,\( 5 how much ~L2
l,\l_,f.> ~-1f doctor ~L1, ~L10
l,\l.;;bQ (1(/:) ;t:l:i!l,~ mean-spirited ~L9
l,\g chair ~L2(e), ~L4
L \t1JI l_,l, \ l't L \ 1 busy (people/days) ~ L5
l,\t('
~< . tohurry[u] ~L6
L\t.::L\

L \ tt: tt: ~

cc

0) that
SO) um

~~LS-II

questionnaire
~H9-II

[irr.]

to open (something) [ru]

~ Jf,IJ morning ~ L3
~c:ld:fu Jf,IJ :~ breakfast

~L4
~ L2

~G

~ L 10

fall

!lfl It~

l:t Q

~~ L 11-II

cheerful

~LS

~ LS

part-time job

fu1CJ;l,\gQ ~P'l-t~

~L9, ~L9(e)

red

~ L3

not much

~LS

that one (over there)

7/7-1'--

~L9, ~L9(e)

blue
1

sn

~ L4

~~L11-II

outdoor activities

1J'Q l, \

7)vl\-{ !'--

to meet; to see (a person) [u]

1f1
1J'L\ i/f.1
([)!,\

~ L3

~ L4

between

~ftl12-II

o 1J'c 5 C:~'L\*9
Thank you. (polite)
SQ there is
[u] ~L4
SQone
~~L12-II
QL\"C ~11-r
onfoot ~L10
SQ(
~ < to walk [u] ~L12

[irr.] irregular verb

ice cream

rain

5 5 5JG 7 to wash [ u]
fJ 1)\ C 5 Thank you. ~

(number of exercise in the


Reading and Writing section)
[ru] ru-verb

negative

f,fu

~1J'131Q f,fuiJ<'ili}~ it rains [u]


7 ;;{ 1) 7J U.S.A. ~ L 1 , ~ L2

useful Expressions
I Il Ill ......
(~~#~~ii)

[u] u-verb

*
* fJ +

L \ tr I 1 sweet ~ L 12
*0)1)\b
J::.(l)Jlj
theMilkyWay

~ ...... ~~3' >z:i~*i

'Jiti1

*9
1

-{ 9 1) 7

Italy

L Y!)1)\::>

- fl

1.,\'!5c:5 L,t->
L \'!) t.;; -1*

hurt;painful

~L12

Thank you for the meal. (before eating)


~~ L6- III
~ L4(e)

January

--'5-.if-

CarNo. l

one o'clock

l,\'!)l.;;1J'fu -1*M

~L10(e)

~ L 1, ~ L 1 (e)

onehour

~L4

~<lNvl

l,Y!);Qfvttl, \ -~:i. first-year student ~ L 1


L \!)tlful<:L \!)c -~ 1:-m'.
once a year ~L 12-II
l,Y!51ct'fu -'li- best ~L10
l,\!)l(t'fu51_,o -'li-{~ . .; lastcar;tailend
~L10(e)
LY!51ct'fviJ;x -'li-ilrr firstcar;frontend ~L10(e)
l, \:) when ~ L3
L \:)fJ' .Ji 8 the fifth day of a month ~ L4(e)
l,\::>c!l,\ -JW. oneyearold
~L1(e)
l, \ ::> L ~I<: -kif I: together ~ L5
l, \:):)
s. -:J five ~ L9
L \ ::> "C ~ iJ; 9 I'll go and come back. ~ G
l, \::>"CS::> !_, f.> l, \ Please go and come back. ~ G
l, \ ::> 13\fu -ft one minute ~ L 1 (e)
l,\:)t,
always ~L6-III, ~L8
l, \/1J :*.. dog ~ L4
l,\iJ; ~ now ~L1

it~

L \dj.

l,\t,5c

meaning

~ L 11 (e), ~ L12

(C:.fu) ~(~Iv)

younger sister
~L1, ~L7

l, \ S ::> !_, f.> l, \iJ;tt Welcome (to our store). ~ L2


l, \ I) '!5 Ao entrance ~ L 10(e)
l, \:Q (a person) is in ... ; stays at ... [ru] ~ L4
l, \Q to need [u] ~ L8
l,\o ~ color ~L9
l, \ol, \o (tJ:) various ~ L9-II

<

~ L 11

)iii:
1[:6

sea

uh-huh; yes

~L10-II

~L8

5Iv "C Iv 9 Q if~-t 6


5 Iv c.' 5 9 Q iftb-t 6
[irr.]

~L9

xl,\fJ\
X l, \ C

ll;l(@J
~

t!

movie

xfufY::>

~F9

...

f,l-jjf

~)'i;L6-I, ~L10
yen

~L2

pencil

~L2, ~L2(e)

Sl, \ L l, \ delicious ~ L2
S5131<. ft.1l roundtrip ~L10(e)
SSl, \ 'ffe \ ' there are many. . . ~ L 12
SS~L\
:k ~ \ 1 large ~L5
:::f-::::Z i"-51)7 Australia ~L1, ~L11
SfJ'c!fu })~~Iv
mother ~L1, ~L2
SfJ'xl) (tJ:C:.L\) Welcome home. ~G
Sb'!_, }) ~ -T snack; sweets ~ L 11

SfJ'G t?
money ~ L6
S~Gti'!5
t?*#~
ri~p~oo
~L10
S~:Q ~~ 6 to getup [ru] ~L3
S<::Q ~6
togetangry[u]
~L12-II
Sc! l:t t? 5@ sake; alcohol ~ L3
S l)l, \(!Iv grandfather; old man ~ L7
S !_, X Q ~ ;:(. 6 to teach; to instruct [ ru] ~ L6
S lJ i:" 5 C:. Iv guardian deity of children ~ L 1 0-II
SL,~5fJ\:)
t?.iE.!1 New Year's ~)'i;L10-II, ~L11
Sl_,I)

buttocks

SGo

}):I}#.

~L7(e)

castle

~L5-II

~L1, ~L7
~ L 11

~L5

tosell[u]

-xiv

* (~

~L7

5 '!5 home; house; my place ~ L3


5 '!5 Ill> 5 0 <: 5 !_, 1' 'i!H!Hr astronaut
5:Q
5fv

~L1

!I\ station

*-

51_, 4- cow ~L12-II


5 Go 1~.; back ~L4
5 t1<!:::> <. to tell a lie [u]

5#

yes

Stl, \ :ill\ ' slow; late ~ L 10


St<.
:ill < (do something) late ~)'[; L4- III, ~ L6
St<. tJ::Q :ill< 1".i. 6 to be late [u] ~ L8
Sicl,\l)I<:
t?:k.l:
Getwellsoon.
~L12
S '!5 f.> t?
green tea ~ L3
S"Cili.5 S L \ t?-t-57\'; \ ' restroom ~ L 12
S"C S t? ~ temple ~ L4
SC 5 c! Iv t? X ~ Iv father ~ L1 , ~ L2
SC 5 C ( C:. Iv)
Iv) younger brother

5 5fv uh-uh; no ~L8


5x
...t on ~L4

5tc. ~ song ~L7


5tc.5 ~ 7 to sing [u]

XX
X~

.. ~353

to drive [irr.J

~ L8

to do physical exercises

~L3

English language

~ L1

SC <: 515 man ~ L 11 - II


Sc<:O)<:
515 (1)-f- boy ~L 11
Sc<:O)Oc
515(1)A mm ~U
SC Cl,\ the day before yesterday ~ L4(e)
Sc C L the year before last ~ L4(e)
SctJ: :k.A adult ~L12-II
Sc:Q Jlffl 6 to dance [u] ~L9
SfJ:fJ' stomach ~ L7(e), ~ L 12
S1J:fJ'fJ'9 <, to become hungry [u] ~ L 11
Sl<:l, \(!Iv
}))L ~ Iv older brother
~ L 1, ~ L7
SGx-C:.fu }):1($~ Iv older sister ~L1, ~L7

Stl1J'l,'G*9
(~~)
... , please. ~L2
SlcfC: fu grandmother; old woman ~L7

Sl<l:J::5 Good morning. ~G


Sl<l:J::5cc!'l,'*9
Good morning. (polite) ~G
if.>1310 ;!:;,@,Us bath ~L6
S131ol;:l;l:l,'7a) ;l:J)i{,g 1::A.6 to take a bath [u]
~L6

S"-fu L:;
S"-fuC.

;!:;~:$"-

reply

;!:;-#-~

~ L11-II

boxed lunch

~L9

Sl~XQ '.lt ;;{_ 6 to memorize [ru] ~ L9


if.>*:) t) ;!:;~ ') festival ~ L 11
S* fu L:; ~ 5 sweet bun ~~ L4-III
S#~lj'
;!:;Ji
souvenir
~L4
Sti 5 ,~ ") to think [u] ~LS
if.) ti G 3 l,' iID 8 \ ' interesting; funny ~ L5
S ti '5 rice cake ~~ L 1 0-II
S ti '5 t-> toy ~ L 11
S~9# (1(1:C,"l, ') Good night. ~G
SJ::< ],')(.(' toswim[u] ~L5
if.) t) Q !lit 1) 6 to get off [ru] ~ L6
Sb7a> ~h6
(something) ends [u] ~L9
Sfu1)\(
11~ music ~L3
S fu tt fu )lfu~ spa; hot spring ~ L 11
Sfutcl: -9:: woman ~~L11-II
Sfutci:ax:. -9;(7)-J- girl ~ L 11
SfutJ.(l)"()c -j;;(l)J..... woman ~L7

-1)1-1)\

or

~L10

... , but

~L5-II,

1Ji=t C.ifJ .-m registered mail ~ L5(e)


1)1 < :l < to write [u] ~ L4
1)\ < til,' # :i. student ~ L 1
1)\ <, b o #~PJ student discount ~ L 1 O(e)
-1J11f':) ~ i.l' fl for ... months ~ L 10
1Jllj"7a) (.s!)t.Jltl~) to put on (glasses) [ru] ~L7
1)1 C: bamboo hat ~~ L 1 0-II
1)1 C: lit umbrella ~ L2
1)1 G :ijt-J- snack; sweets ~ L 11
1)1 G ~ ~ "f-- singer ~ L 11
1Jitf Ji!,~~ cold ~ L 12
1)1tf~"()(
)i{,~~"fU<
tocatchacold[u]
~L12
1)1;;f < ~:b*. family ~ L 7
1J1tc. Fci shoulder ~ L7(e)
1Jitc.l, 'l, 'l, '1J1tc. i.l' t: \ '' \ '7f bookish expression
~L11(e)

1J1tc.d-J.'5 Jt:!t oneway ~L10(e)


1)1-:J L: parenthesis ~ L 11 (e)
1)1-:J C:: l, 'l,' good-looking ~ L5
1)\-:J C:: 5 #i'X school ~ L3
1J1
fll corner ~L6(e)
1)1tJ.5 to be realized [u] ~~L12-II
tJitJ.Gl,' ;! L 1' sad ~~L10-II
1J1G ~ money ~ L6
1JIG ti '5 ~# i:, rich person ~ L 10
1)1(1) L:; J:: 1&'.-9:: girlfriend ~~ L 11-II, ~ L 12
1)1lcffu bag ~L2, ~L2(e)
1)1,3\'f!!; ~n15<. Kabuki; traditional Japanese

theatrical art
~L7

1J-7'Y curtain ~L2(e)


1)\l,' L: <, :9~ foreign country ~ L 11
1)1t, 'C,":) a~L gate ~ L 10(e)
1)1l,,Gt-> %-:f company ~L7
1)1l,' Gt-> l, V\J -%-1 ~ office worker ~ L 1 , ~LS
1)1l,,9511fu @]~~ coupons ~L10(e)
1J1l, 'tcfu f'i!i'fe~ stairs ~ L 10(e)
1)1l,,ti(J)
YJ'.1 '4W shopping ~L4
1)15 Yi'.") to buy [u] ~L4
1)15 ffel") toown(apet)[u]
~L11
1)1 X 9 ~ i' to return (a thing) [ u] ~ L6
1Jix7a) ~i\';6 to go back; to return [u] ~L3
1)1if.) AA face ~L7(e), ~L10
1)1if.)1)\(V.jif.)l,' AA i.1'1f 1' to look pale ~ L9(e)
1)11)\ < H# science ~ L 1
1)11)17a) to take (amount of time/money) [u] ~ L 10

1Jl13\tt.7a>

~ L9

to put (a hat) on a person's head [ru]


~H10-II

1)1,3\7a) to put on (a hat) [u] ~ L7


1Jid-J. ~ hair ~L7, ~L7(e)
1)1#C:* #1* God ~~L12-II
1J ;;l. 5 camera ~ LS
1)1J:: 5 V: :k.818 Tuesday ~ L4, ~ L4(e)
-1)1 S because . . . ~ L6
-1)15 from...
~L7-II, ~L9
1J 5 ;t ?- karaoke ~ LS
1J1StC.I;: 'f!!;~:)lj" Q 1;js;. I::~ "f-:> It 6 to take
of oneself [ru]

~L7-II

1)1t)7a) 11-') 6 toborrow[ru] ~L6


1J1tl 1&'. boyfriend ~ L 12
1J1b JIJ river ~ L 11
1Jipt, 'l,' cute ~ L7
1)1t)l,Vf5 (tJ.) pitiful ~~L12-II

care

HlH4 ophthalmologist ~ L 12(e)


D'fuL.( ~00 Korea ~L1,~L2
D'fu'C.l_; ~~!liji nurse ~L11
D' fu I:, ~ '.f'. kanji; Chinese character
~
D'futc.fu(t.J..) ilii~ easy;simple ~L10
D'fulcf'.'L,' 'Yr:.tf Cheers! (a toast) ~LS

~ fu "5 J:; 3 g Q

tifufJ'

~L12
L6

<, fJ\:)

~re.

}t. north

(I:,
~ L 12

'.?E'A

~~Q
~=!:JO)

*&':>6

~*1

L3

(:)

~ L9

dress

,;: 1)

(Q3;

JI!

~ L 12

cloudy weather

green

'*-6

~ L7

~ L7(e)

neck

~ L4

~ L9(e)

tocome[irr.]
car

measurement)

~L3

~L7

'.'.ii.;- gray ~L9(e)


?I.IV''.:! !'--:t.J-t.:: credit card ~L10
(01.,' f!!,1'
black ~L9, ~L9(e)

~L12

L5

t;J6

tocut[u]

~ 6

to put on (clothes above your waist) [ ru J

~LS
~L7

~tlL,' (t.J.,) beautiful; clean ~ L5


~fuL,'0 ~~ gold ~L9(e)
~'fuL,'0 ~~ silver ~L9(e)
~ fu7...fu I_; 't> ~;J:tJ!! nonsmoking car
~'fuL. 3 $[lff bank ~L2
~ fu I:, J:; ilii51f neighborhood ~~ L11-II

country; place of origin

- <:SI.,' about (approximate


?57.. class ~L4
(Q

~H-:e:

-~ J:; 3 ~ ~rr El line number.


~L11(e)
~ J:; ;fdfu .t;~ last year ~ L4(e), ~ L9
~SI.,' ( t.J.,) ~ \ ' disgusted with; to dislike ~

~L7, ~L7(e)
~L2

shoes

~;f I) - ::.;

~L10

kimono; Japanese traditional

L9

~ L2

Please give me.

mouth

11:

(tit)

~l'GL9-II

~Q
~Q

~ L4(e)
~L1(e)

~ L 11 (e)

( ~~)

(I<: 00
<, "{j

:l=- "\' ::.r::t camp ~ L11


~ 1> 3 L. 3 .~ff express ~ L 10(e)
~ 1> 3 (5.L,' ::h..1#;. nine years old ~ L 1 (e)
~'1>31<:1>3 4-:fL milk ~L10
~ 1> 3131fu ::h..-B- nine minutes ~ L 1 (e)
~ J:; 3 1- 8 today ~ L3, ~ L4(e)
~ J:; 3 D' I_; J:;
textbook ~ L6
~ J:; 3 tel,' )[.~ brothers and sisters ~ L7
~J:;3Ji.fJ\C!5Q
~o;f.l.l"S6
tobeinterested(in)
[u]

~L8

medicine

expression

<, tc'5.L,'
( "5 o

~ L4, ~ L4(e)

todecide[ru]

~L4, ~L4(e)

~ ~ f e.JU:; to take medicine [ u] ~


<, r.:11rc.1., '1., 'D'tc. < t.: t+ t: 1'1i colloquial

~L6(e)

yesterday

~ L9(e)

< 9 o ~ 0) iD

~L10(e)

3 a'f 8

air

1L .F.l September
::h..~ nineo'clock

(gt)

:f :9- guitar ~ L9
~'? 15.7:. fu ~~r,5
cafe ~L2
~ -:J 7:. t;] :f- postal stamps ~ L5, ~ L5(e)
~ -:J 131 t;Jf<f ticket ~ L5
~ -:J 13i 3 t) l<f t;J 1<f .JC I) ~ ticket vending area
~O)

to get nervous [irr.J

~ ful(t'.:) ~~ blonde hair


~fu,.3?.J
~BIB
Friday

<, 3~

~L,,01.,' ]it~\' yellow ~L9(e)


~a:)fu 'A5.ili\. temperature (weather)
~(
r:tfl < to ask [u] ~L5
~ <, r:tfl < to listen; to hear [u] ~
~tt:) '$W season ~ L10

~7ffe:i"" 6

~ L 1 O(e)

111.,' ~1.,' f/&51t economics ~ L 1 , ~ L2


111.,,(5.:)fJ'fu If*' policeofficer ~L11
7-:l=cake ~L10
'f-b.
game ~L7
111J' injury ~ L 12(e)
lffJ' ?'H4 surgeon ~ L 12(e)
1115. 1-trl this morning ~LS
11V::1'b. 5j/j L -:J.. f.,, eraser ~L2(e)
119 5i1l'i"" toturnoff;toerase[u]
~L6
11-:J L. 3 c9
~~ ( i"" That would be fine.;
wouldn't be necessary.

That

~ L6

11-:JL.fugQ
~~l}-t"6
togetmarried[irr.J
~L7
If:),. 3 U: .F.l Bi 8 Monday ~ L4, ~ L4(e)
11 fufJ'g Q to have a fight; to quarrel [irr.] ~ L 11
lffu~ (tel:) :it'A healthy; energetic ~ L5
l:ffu~fJ\1Ci:L,' :it'Al.l<'fJ.\' don'tlookwell
~L12

-<:::: ~i,Jt in ... time; after...


~ L 10
-- L: ~Po- ... language ~ L 1
C:: 3xfu
~00 park ~L4
C:: 3 <, 3 U] !ID'i.~f~ airmail ~L5(e)
C:: 3 C:: 3 ~t( high school ~ L 1
C:: 3 C:: 3 ttl., \ ~t(:i. high school student ~ L 1
C:: 3 itl., \131-::> L., ::> :J'fe:i.~~ antibiotic ~ L 12(e)
C:: x "? voice ~re L 10- II

I::: :f-J[J r:
:J -

coffee
gold

c"5 -t 3
eating)

c* Cc 1.., rd

1--

concert

..

~L1,~L1(e)

yearsold

~L1

cfJ'ts.

,(!!,

Thank you for the meal. (after

c < 13\A,
c If

c-::>1J1

~L2

fish

f'FX

5@

essay; composition

sake; alcohol

11*-

ij" 'Y t.J-

~L11

writer

soccer

~ L1 0

tt~

ij"iftQ

to cut (classes) [u]

-c*
cul,\

magazine

~ L \'

~**

*\

c J: 3 ts S

~ L3
~L9

lonely

~ L 11
~L5-II

Mr./Ms ....

~L5

cold (weather)

~ L9

~ L3

(!"-::> L.,
cr.JL.,l.,\

Good-bye.

~ G

c Sl., \11'::> ~*fj the month afternext


c S L \ L., ~ 3 ~*-11! the week after next
~*--9=-

cSl.,\t.}A,

-cfu

Mr./Ms ....

theyearafternext

~ L9

~ L4(e)
~ L4(e)

~L4(e)

~L1

cfufJ\::>
.:=.,F1 March ~L4(e)
(!'A,7!' ,I:. 3 ~~ overtime work ~re LS-II
A, cl,\ .:=.W;. three years old ~ L 1 (e)

cful.J .:=.ff!f threeo'clock ~L1(e)


c Ai l.J-::> 13\fu I c Ai l.J ~ -::> 13\fu .:::. +7J'"
minutes

thirty

~ L 1 (e)

(!'A,t.)A, (c9t.))

~~ (T-9 ;t:J.)

That's too bad.


~LS

&-kW A.#

c A,131 L:I fufJ'

~ L 12(e)

gynecologist

c A,13\A,
cful3:'9Q

obstetrician and

.:=. 7;'-

three minutes

l&~-9 6

~ L 1 (e)

to take a walk [irr.]

~L3

C::bl.,\ 11fi\' frightening ~L5


C::fufJl-::>75:.
~~:)!lj
thissemester ~L11
C:: A,11"::> ~ f1 this month ~ L4(e), ~LS
:J ::Jij"-

~WJ.

c 1;:

~L7
~ L5

surfing

cl, \131

~G

at about...

club activity

:::;

international relations

C:: "5 S this person (polite) ~ L 11


C:: :5::>#
+-8 parcel ~ L5(e)
C:: c things; matters ~re L 11- II
C:: c L., ~-9'- this year ~ L4(e), ~ L 10
C:: c '5 -Ti~ child ~ L4
C:: (J) this . . . ~ L2
C:: (J) C 0 these days ~ L 1 0
L::lcl:A, -::.'~ rice; meal ~L4
L::131A, li.0- five minutes ~ L 1 (e)
c61)A,tJ:cl., \ I'm sorry. ~ L4
C::tl thisone ~L2
C:: tlfJ' S from now on ~ L 11- II

-co

i:t-? )[.,

:~:i,Jt I: lastly ~LS- II


Jt;t;{jl wallet ~ L2

~ L9-II

excellent food

~ L7
~ L 1, ~ L2

computer

=============!@~!===========
cl.,\

~ L4(e)

oo~r;!Jt~

convenience store

:J:::; I::'. .:i. -:$7-

-cl,\

~L9(e)

C:: <, l;J"A, ~iK blackboard ~ L2(e), ~LS


C:: C:: here ~ L2
<:::: <:::: "f i,Jt P.M. ~ L1
C:: C:: (J)fJ\ iL B the ninth day of a month ~ L4(e)
C:: C:: (})::> fL-:; nine ~ L9
eel,\
li-;i;. five years old ~ L 1 (e)
L::l.J liff!f fiveo'clock ~L1(e)
Ctffu "filfr A.M. ~L1
ctfA,"5~3
"filfro/ inthemorning ~reL9-II
C::tcx
~ answer ~L11(e)
C::tt:XQ
~~ 6 to answer[ru] ~re LS-II

<:::"St 3

:J:::; i:::=

ij"- 7

~ L3

cfJ>::> 1i f1 May
c:: <cl, \1J1ful:tl., \

C:: A, L., ~ 3 ~11! this week ~ L4(e), ~ L6


C::A,c
~&.. nearfuture ~L9
C:: A, 1;: "5 lcl: Good afternoon. ~ G
C:: A,l;J"A, ~a)E tonight ~ L3
C::ful;J'fulcl: Good evening. ~G

~!fif o'clock ~L1


L.,(V.)l.,\ ~#- match; game
L.,:t:Jtt(tJ:)
'-tt happy

-LJ

~L 12
~L10-II

~L9

[_,

CD (Y-7-1-)

:J-:J"X.
VI 7

CD

jeans
chef

GD' i'!t#

':&L6

:&L2

+*

~~ L6- III
dentist

:& L 12(e)

G 1J'::> E9 fl April :& L4(e)


-l.J1J'fv
hours ':&L4
G l:t Iv ~~ exam ':& L9
G C: C: 1*- job; work; occupation ':& L 1, ':&LS
l.J G J; #1i' dictionary ':& L2, ':& L2(e)
G 9"1J1 (tJ:) 'M>'7' quiet ':& L5
l.J ~ 5 guardian deity of children ~ L 1 0- II

~*M ...

G tt:

under

to die [u]

71'.,N';i

month

':&L6

l.J Id:::> ;jze departing second ':& L 1 O(e)


l.J '(j1J1 l'F .:1$.# otorhinolaryngologist; ENT doctor
':&L12(e)

l.Ji3\fv
G#fv'(JJ;

7]-

oneself

3\,'/v

~L10-II

$~#Bt

municipal hospital
':&L6

G~~IJ l{tji61)t.J} 1) deadline ':&L11(e)


G~Q M 61) 6 to close (something) [ru] ':& L6
l.J ~ d5 then ... ; if that is the case, . . . ':& L2
:Ji' -7 I) :A f-. journalist ':& L 11
G ~ G Iv ~ ll picture; photograph ':& L4
G ~ !) J; 5 :f {t president of a company ':& L 11
Vi' 'Y shirt :& L 10
Vi' 'J- shower ':& L6
Vi''J-~d5'(JQ
~~ry-~~Y6
~~~a
shower [ru]

':&L6

l.J ~ 5 \, '!)1J\::>
l.J~3\,,!;L,
l.J ~ 5 \,'!>Ii:!>
month

+-fl November
+-* eleveno'clock
+- 8

:& L4(e)
':&L1(e)

the eleventh day of a

:& L4(e)

l.J ~ 5 \,' ::> {!\,' +-Pl&: eleven years old ':& L 1 (e)
l.J ~ 5\,'::>131/v +-7t eleven minutes :& L 1 (e)
l.J ~ 51JI::>
October ':& L4(e)
-G~51J1/v
~~M for ... weeks ':&L10
lJ ~ 5~ ~ 3131/v +7L71" nineteen minutes ':&L 1 (e)

+fl

eighteen minutes

':& L 1 (e)

G ~ 5 * ::> 1J!;R weekend :& L3


l.J ~ 5~::>1)1 +1'9 8 the fourteenth

:& L4

G'!51JI::> -C fl July :&L4(e)


G!>l.J -C* seveno'clock ':&L1(e)
l.J ::> {!\,' +Pl&: ten years old ':& L 1 (e)
G::>"C\,'*9
~...,-r1,t-t
Iknow
:&L7
l.J ::> i!,l/v +71" ten minutes ':& L 1 (e)
G ::>=Eifv 'it Fa~ question :& L 11 (e)
G "(\, 'tt~ :f!f'.itlf{; reserved seat ':& L 1 O(e)
l.J -C Iv G ~ ~.J!i. bicycle :& L2
G~

l.J ~ 5C:131/v +.Ji)]'- fifteen minutes :& L 1 (e)


l.J ~ 5 c! fv131/v + ..=. 71" thirteen minutes :& L 1 (e)
l.J ~ 5 l.J
ten o'clock :& L 1 (e)
lJ ~ 3tt~ re If{; general admission seat :&L 1 O(e)
G ~ 5 c Iv ~'it last train :& L 10(e)
lJ ~ 3 tJ.tJ.131/v +-C71" seventeen minutes :&L 1 (e)
l.J~51i:1J\::> +.::.fl December ':&L4(e)
l.J ~ 5 Ii: l.J +.::.%' twelve o'clock :& L 1 (e)
l.J ~ 5 li:131/v + .::.7)- twelve minutes ':& L 1 (e)
l.J ~ 5 ld:!>131/v/ l.J ~ 5Id:::>131/v +;\.7)-

day of a

:& L4(e)

l.J ~ 5 ~fv131/v +1'97)- fourteen minutes ':&L 1 (e)


l.J ~ 50::>131/v +"'7t sixteen minutes :& L 1 (e)
l.J~~J;5 ~~~ class :&L11
l.J ~ < ~ cram school ~L7-II
G~ <, tcU tel~ homework :&L5, ':&L11(e)
G~l.J~::>
-t-UJ operation ':&L 12(e)
l.J ~ ::> (! \,) +Pl&: ten years old :&L1(e)
G~::>G/v
tl:l~ coming from :& L 11
l.J ~ ::> '3\fv +7t ten minutes ':& L 1 (e)
G ~ 131 3:.~w housewife :& L 1
G ~ # ~p;j;. hobby ~ L 11-II
:J.:z.-:A

juice

':&L12

L J; 3 f.J'\, ,g- 7a> ~11'-t 6 to introduce [irr.J :&L 11


G J; 51J'::> iE fl New Year's ~ L10-II, :& L 11
lJ J; 3 l_, t-> If l *.J!l.o# (boarding) ticket :&L 1 O(e)
l.J J; 5 9" ( tJ:) J:.-'f- skillful; good at . . . ':& LS
G J; 51~5 G 5Jll~;?7 firefighter ':& L 11
G&:3S\,'
future :&L11
G J; < C. 5 ~'.'.'. cafeteria; dining commons ':& L7
l.J J; ~ 5 ~di: actress :& L 11
G fJ buttocks :& L7(e)
GIJ*ttfv ~IJ ;;!:{-,.(, Idonotknow ':&L7
GQ ~6 to getto know [u] ':&L7

:1'*

V)[;J\silver :&L9{e)
G 0 3JlJ., castle ~ L5-II
Ga\,' 81' white :&L9, :&L9(e)

G 0 <, 0

B~

black and white

LJ~LJ~#:Q
L:>SL.;Jl6
-I.Jiu ~A. ... people

G/v1J1/vttfv

~JT~~

':& L9(e)

tostare(at)[ru]

':&L8

:&L 1
Shinkansen; "Bullet Train"
':&L10

GfvC:5

1-%

trafficlight

':&L6(e)

#:H shrine J':i' L 11


L.,A.,tt::> (1CJ:) tfl.t,7] kind J':i'L7
L., fulcl'.l, \9 ;Q ,-:.;~c-t 6 to worry [irr.] J':i' L 12
L.,A.,13\A., '*!Tr.fl newspaper J':i'L2
L:; A.,;Q l, \1)\ <, A.!ffl !'' anthropology J':i' L 1
L:; A., L:; ti

ttfulcl'.::>

7\:;e

departing first

-t 5 L:; 9:@ :fflfJ!;J;-t 6


-t5c9
That'sright.

J':i'L 10(e)

to clean [irr.]

J':i' L8

J':i'L1

-=f 5 (:g1J'

=======================1@1===1========================
9l, \~:HJ

7.]<.Bi B

:::Z?I-7::.t

Sweden

Wednesday

J':i' L4, J':i' L4(e)

J':i'L1
J':i'L4

:A-/\.supermarket
9rr (tJ:) ff~ fond of; to like J':i' L5
:A:fski J':i'L9
9 <: right away J':i' L6
9 C < extremely J':i' L5
9L: L., '.'.}' L a little ~7GL7-II
9 L., sushi J':i' L 1 0
99" L., l, \ j)j\ L \ ' cool (weather) J':i' L 10
9-Crr (tJ) -$"~ nice J':i'L12
9-C;Q :f~T6 tothrowaway[ru]
J':i'L8
:A 1-- Lt:A stress ~ L8-II
:A ift- ~ sports J':i' L3
9#a::ttfu
Excuse me.; I'm sorry. J':i'G
gt) 1.it' tolive[u]
J':i'L7
9;Q to do [irr.J J':i'L3
gp;Q It 6 to sit down [u] J':i'L6

ttt, \1)\:) :i-5~ life; living J':i' L 10


itl, \jj"l, \lj''1)\ ~%:9H4- orthopedic surgeon
J':i'L 12(e)
ttt, \ L:; il5c5il politics J':i' L1, J':i' L 12
ttt,\ttrr
Jil<Jlt grade(onatest,etc.)
J':i'L12
ii1J'l, \ i!t W. world J':i' L 10
11J'te1J'l, \ 1f 7)<jWj \ ' tall (stature) J':i' L7
ttt.J'U-<.t,\
1J'7)<1t\' short (stature) J':i'L7
ttrr cough J':i'L12
ttrr1J'c7a>
-tl" ~ 7)<tJ:: 6 to cough [ru] J':i'L 12
tttJ:1J' 1f<t' back (body) J':i'L7(e)
ifU' ~ ')f. by all means J':i' L9
tta:;t, \ ~\'
narrow; not spacious :ft L 12
1 fulf::> 7\:; ~ last month J':i' L4(e), J':i' L9
ttfuL: 5
major J':i'L1
tt A., L., ~ 5 7\:;~ last week J':i' L4, :ft L4(e)
tt A.,ttl, \ 7\:;:i. teacher; Professor. . . J':i' L 1
if A., if A., + negative ~~ not at all J':i' L3
1tfute<.97a>
57t:.l-V-6 todolaundry[irr.]
J':i'L8

:13t

I see.; Is that so? J':i' L 1


-t 5 c9~
That's right.; Let me see. J':i' L3
-t <, te::> :i!l! special delivery :ft L5(e)
-=f L: there J':i' L2
-t L., L and then ~7G L9-II, J':i' L 11
-=fO) that...
J':i' L2
-ttl that one J':i' L2
-ttlb'S
and then J':i'L5

1--9:@ togoonadiet[irr.]
J':i'L11
tel,\;J=JA.,l:Tl,\ 1;!;.5.iWitt thermometer J':i'L12(e)
tel,\ 1)\ <, *-. !'' college; university :ft L 1
tcL\1)\ ( l,\A,ttL \ *-. !'f'Bt:i. graduate student J':i' L 1
tel,\1)\ <, ttt, \ *-. !'f':i. college student J':i' L 1, J':i' L8
$7'-{Iy

**\'

tel,\rrSl,\ (tcJ:)
tel,\ L:; J; 5131 *-.}:;/<;.

to hate J':i'L5
It's okay.; Not to worry.,

Everything is under control. J':i' L5


tet,\9rr(1CJ:)
*-.%~
veryfondof;tolove
J':i'L5
tel, \-Cl,\ usually J':i' L3
tcL \(:: 5 b J:: 5 *-.Mt~Ji president of a country J':i'L 11
tcL \1'A, (tJ.) *-.~ tough (situation) ~7G L5-II, J':i' L6
te1J'l,\ iWi \' expensive; high J':i' L2
te1J' S so; therefore J':i' L4
te <.Cs. A., many; a lot J':i' L4
-tel:t just ... ;only .
J':i'L11
tetet,\a:; I'mhome. J':i'G
te::> ti: -:J to stand up [u] J':i' L6
tec~lct' {71j;;(_(f forexample J':i'L11(e)
teO)L.,l,\ ~ L \' fun J':i'L5
teO)l.,#IL:9:@(<)

~Lhi:::-V-6

~7GL7-II
t~if.:~%1..-)

tolook

forward (to) [irr.]

telct'L:1ct95
te13\A., ?}fl

probably;maybe

tosmoke[u]

J':i'L12

teA:tiO) ~"'tb food J':r L5


teA:;Q ~,-..;:6 toeat[ru] J':i'L3
tetl who J':i'L2
ti: A., C: ~ ~ word; vocabulary J':i' L9
tefut!.'<. strip of fancy paper ~L 12-II
tefu L:; J: 5 {} ~:i. B birthday J':i' L5

J':i'L6

~(l,\fvl

4'-#~

"'[fJ\"Jj

c 'i!' Q tc l:t
!5L,~L' 1J,::1' small ~LS
!5 tr < l1i < near; nearby ~ L4
!51J'"'L-:> :ti3r~ subway ~ L 10
!5 t: < 9 Q :ilf$;JJ-t6 to be late (for an
)(

(my) father

~ L4

letter

~ L 12

as much as possible

:lo

~L10(e)

exit

~ C !J J:; 3 probably; ... , right'


'TA. t-- test ~LS

L:-:>tc 3

:r=:::z

~ L 11

appointment) [irr.]
!)!)

c(!)

4'-17i -J

~ L 12
~ L6

to help [u]

~L3

tennis

clcl:, Sl:ffu'i!'c

~L?

!5 ti
green tea ~ L3
!lt>L'~L'
brown ~L9(e)
!51i1>3C(
t:f:'OO China ~L1, ~L2
!5 til> 3 !J t> 5.ih<t injection ~ L 12(e)
!5 J:; -::> C: a little ~ L3

H359

;J:;:Jt'A T

Tli,

Take care.

~HS-II

*~\'

7-'J \- 1--

department store

L 131 < ~ 4'-~


c=l:i
LS
CQ

gloves

but

~L3

4f

temple

:l 6

~ L4

~ L 10

~ L4

to appear; to attend; to exit [ru]

~H6-I; ~L9

-:>L 'tc.!5 - 8 the first day of a month ~ L4(e)


-:>1J'3 ~-) to use [u] ~L6
-:>1J't1 "LL 'Q t&:n T 1 '6 to be tired ~re L8-II
-:>1J't1Q t&:n 6 to get tired [ru] ~ L 11
-:>~ ;jz next ~ L6
-:>~'!;::: ;jz1: secondly ~L8-II
-:>~'lcl:~ ;jzj;t~ next(stop),.
~L10(e)
-:><x *IL desk ~L2(e), ~L4
-:> < Q 1'f 6 to make [u] ~ L8
-:>l:t Q to turn on [ru] ~ L6
-:>c3fJ\t.)Ql,'
$~1.1{,~\'
inconvenient; to have
a scheduling conflict

~ L 12

:i!n T <

LA,

to bring (a person) [irr.]


~L6

the heavens; the sky


~ ,.?,,

... points

L A,'Q'

~'A
'!['A

weather

c A,'Q'

T "'../ i7 'Y

T-shirt

"LLV~l:tfu Jt:)tlj~
"'LL':tdL,tJ:L'L'fJ'tc.

7- I-cfJ'l:tQ

DVD

~L7

commuter'spass
T

1 't.11

d,i:-1

~L10(e)

'1J

~ L 11 (e)

date (romantic, not calendar)


ilil.l'lt6

~ L1 O

~ L2

DVD (5""-1-::i"-171'-)

expression

with (a tool)

togoout[ru)

~ L3

~LS

polite

electricity

~ L 12-Il

~ L 11
~LS
~ L2(e); ~ L6

"'Lfu~J:I~ 3 ~'A f"~ weather forecast ~L8


!J ti '/[~ train ~ L6
"'Lfui3\S ~.;: i, tempura ~L10
C fub 'l[gi!; telephone ~ L 1
cfut.)gQ '1[~-t6 tocall[irr.)
~L8
cfub~fJ'l:tQ 'l[gi!;~l.l'lt6
tomakeaphone

CA,

~L6

C: p door ~re L 10-II


~ C: together with (a person) ~ L4
~C. ~It. ... degrees (temperature)
toilet, restroom

j-.-( [.;

~ L 12

~L2(e)

door

~ L2

C.3 !J "'L why ~L4


C. 3T' Please.; Here it is. ~ L2
3 c91J' How about ... ?; How is . . < ~ L3
C 3 =l:i Thank you. ~ L2
C.3 ~-::> L how; by what means ~L 10
C:S + ten ~L9
C: Sb' + 8 the tenth day of a month ~ L4(e)
C: 'i!'
when . . ; at the time of. . . ~ L4
C: 'i!' C. 'i!'
k
sometimes ~ L3
C: l:t l,'
watch; clock ~ L2
C. t: where ~ L2
C: t: ~ "*-& barber's ~ L 10

c
"'L 4'- hand; arm ~L?(e)
~ C by (means of transportation);

~ L3

~LA,

1'7

~L12-II

-:>t1 "'L < Q

TV

call [ru]

-:>C:~Q f/]&?6 to work for [ru] ~L7


-:>*StJ:L'
boring ~LS
-:>~tc.L' P?-t~\' cold(things/people) ~L10
-:> t) fishing ~ L 11
-:>t1"L1J':~.Q :f!;h T~6
to bring (a person) back
[u]

7 [.; I:::'

*H

360~*

cL:o r!T place ftL8


CL: 0 ""C by the way ft L9
C L., Jf. year ~J'G L 1 0- II
cl,,J:.'/J'fv !2ilil'tt library ftl2
C:"!:i S which ft L 10
C::>~~5
#~ superexpress ftL10(e)
C: ::> "!:> which ft L 1 0
c"'Cti very ftL5
cts. 1J FJ\t next ft L4
C: (}) which . . . ft L2
C: (}) <: S l, \ how much; how long ~ L 1 0
I-- 7< 1-- tomato ft L8
58 i 6

C *:@

to stay (at a hotel, etc.) [u]

c ti ti: "!:>

"ff_ Ct;

friend

C:J:5lJ

818

Saturday

t-: 5

drive

-{"::;I"

c:Q
c:Q

ll: ~'-f.>'/)1 (tJ) lively ft L5


I<:( ~ meat ftL2
ll:~l,\ .::.~ twoyearsold ftL1(e)
ll: ~Iv ll: "!:> .::..:::_ 8 for two to three days ft L 12
ll: L., 11 west ~ L6(e)
ll: lJ .::.lfif two o'clock ~ L 1 (e)
I<: lJ ::> 13\fv .::.-t)J- twenty minutes ft L 1 (e)
ll: LJl(tfv .=.!fif-'f. half past two ftL 1
i<:L.,~5'/J'fv*x =~Miltr twoweeksago
ftL4(e)

ll: lJ ~ 5 J: ::> '/J' .::.-t-1'3

ft L 1
~L3; ftL4(e)

ft L 11
ftL4

:Jll6

totake(apicture)[u]

:l[X.6

to take (a class); to get (a grade) [u]


~H7-II, ftL11

c:Q to take off [u] ~L 10-II


C: fl which one ft L2
cfu'/J'--::J porkcutlet ~L2
cfuf(J. what kind of... ft LS

the twenty-fourth day of

~ L4(e)

a month
ft L 10

ll: lJ ~ ::> 13\fv .::.-t)J- twenty minutes ft L 1 (e)


1<:"!5J:5lJ 8818
Sunday ftL3,ftL4(e)
-ll:--::Jl, \"'C about ... ; concerning...
ft L8
ll: ::> ~ 8 tC. diary ~ L9-II
ll:131fv .::.)]- two minutes ft L 1 (e)
ll:l~fv
8;;js;. Japan ~L1
ll: l~fvC: 8 ;;js;.?o Japanese language ft L 1
ll:l~fvlJfv 8;;js;.A. [apanese people ftL1
1;:: ti--:> .J\/Hw baggage ft L6
-ll:fv ~A. [counterforpeople]
ftL7
l<:fv~'/)\<i!):Q A.'A7)<;f,6 tobepopular[u]
ftL9

============~@)==! ============
l*Jf+

tJ;l,\'/)1

physician

;fd'/)\l,\

ft L 12(e)

;fdL:

ts::

-;fdfv

-tJ:c

summer
andsoforth

~l'i:L12-II

wish

11il cat ft L4
;fd--::>tJ':Q $7)<;f, 6

tJ:'/J' i:f inside ft L4


tJ;'/)\l,\ -&_1' long ftL7
ts. ( 51r. < to cry [u] ~H 12-II
t;J.( g to lose [u] ftL12
.:l_

ljj1'

;fdct)l,\
;fd:@

ft L8

~ \ '

~ 6

-;fdfvttl,

~l'i:L12-Il

-C~ sevenyearsold
ftL1(e)
tsu:: -C-:> seven ft L9
t;J.tJ:131fv -C)J- seven minutes ft L 1 (e)
fif.ll:'/J' M7i' something ftL8
fiJ.l<:ti + negative Mt not ... anything ftL7
f(J.(J)'/J' -C 8 the seventh day of a month ft L4(e)

to have a fever [u]

to sleep; to go to sleep [ ru]

~;p

..

~Jf.:i-

ftL 12

ft L 10

sleepy
years

...

ft L3

ft L 10
year student

ft L 1

t;J.tJ;~l,\

fiJ. X i; iltr name ft L 1


fif.S5 51fi-) tolearn[u]
ftL11
t;J.:Q tobecome[u]
ftL10
t;J.fv/fiJ.I<: M what ftL1

ll:'/J'11"--::>*x
l<:tJ\--::> .::.~

.::.7),~ilfr
February

twomonthsago
ftL4(e)

.) - 1--

notebook

-(})""C

because . . .

c throat
(J)ctJ'tJ'b
<

ft L2
ft L 12

ft L 12
(!)

r"1Vi~

<

to become thirsty [u]


ftL 12

Ii:@

ftL4(e)

it6

toclimb[u]

ftL11

#ti ~h.iw drink ft L5


(})ct) jk t' to drink [ u] ft L3
(}) 1J '/J' X
1) :!fk: ;;(_ transfer ft

L 1 O(e)

(}):@

ft L5

to ride; to board [ u]

~<LVvl

Id: 1'E" tooth ft L7(e), ft L 12


H-7-<party ftLB
J \-1'\=F .:I. barbecue ft LB
ld:l,' yes ftl1
ld:l,'l,'o
TJ:..~ gray ftL9(e)
lcJ;'l, Y"L Iv 1f:J6 shop; stand ft L1 O(e)
ld:l, '!lb 5 1Mf actor; actress ft L 11
ld:l, 'Q A. 6 to enter [u] ft L6
ld:f.J\~ 3t postcard ft LS, ft LS(e)
Id:<. to put on (items below your waist) [u] ft L7
Id: (_, chopsticks ft LB
lcl:lJ*:Q :M~i 6 (something) begins [u] ftL9
Id: lJ 11) "L :fJJ 6tJ T for the first time ft L 12
Id: lJ 11) * (_, "L How do you do ? ft G
Id: lJ 11) Q ~{;; 6tJ 6 to begin [ ru J ft LB
J\7... bus ftLS
J\7... 'Cl,' , \' ;;z ft bus stop ft L4
J (~ ::J /
personal computer ft L6

ld:r.::l:t i1ll farm ~l'CL12-II


ld:r.:'5 .::::.+Jt: twentyyearsold ftL1(e)
ld:r.:S<.
~< towork[u] ftL11
ld:r.:~(13:@ !if: f~6 to weave [u] ~L12-II
ld:'5f.J\:) 1\.)1 August ftL4(e)
ld:'5 lJ /\.1* eight o'clock ft L 1 (e)
ld:'5131fv /\.'1]'- eightminutes ftL1(e)
Ii':) x (wrong) ft L 11 (e)
l(l::)(l=Jfv Je;:g- pronunciation ftL11(e)
ld::)fJ' .::::.+ 8 the twentieth day of a month ftL4(e)
Id::::> (!l,' /\.)t: eight years old ft L 1 (e)
Id::::> 13\fv 1\.0'- eight minutes ft L 1 (e)
ld:U .J;_ nose ftL?(e)
ld:U it flower ft L 12
lcJ:tJL.,~g:@ ~fi"6
tohaveatalk[irr.J
~l'CL9-II
ld:1J:9 ~-t to speak; to talk [u] ft L3
ld:ld: -II}- (my)mother ftL7
ld:~l,'
.!j!-1' early ftL3
1!1 \ fast ftL7
ld:~l,'
(do something) early; fast ftL10
ld:f-> <. .!f-<11!<
ld:S5
:J'ld to pay [u] ftL10
ld::Q ~ spring ftl10
ld:tl EJt;t't. sunny weather ftL12
ld:fv lf- half ftL1
}(/

-li'fv

bread

~:flf.

ft L4
number ...

ftL11(e)

li'fvL::5 :flf.-'5- number ftl1


Ii' Iv L:: Id: Iv IJ)t. :: ~ dinner ft L3
-li'fvttfv ~:i-K>JR tracknumber ...
}(/'Y
pants ftL10
J\/ r: band ~L11-II
J\/J\-jj'hamburger

~7 .,/

piano

t:::'-J[;

beer

01)\ (_,

0 <.

.lit
5!\! <

H>361

ftL10(e)

ftL3

ft L9
ftL11
ft L6(e)

east

to play (a string instrument or piano) [u]


ftL9

OL: 5~ ~1T~ airplane ft LS


~"if pizza ~L6-III, ftL9
o~ l.,131 b :z L .;~ IJ it has been a long time
t:::':J+"A business ftL1, ftl2
lJ ~ :)f.Jlfv ~Vllftt art museum ft L11
Ore fJ ii.. left ft L4
fJ t.J't> ir..-OlU left side ft L6(e)
rJ:::> <. fJ g:@ to be surprised [irr.] ~ L 10-II

ftL 11

ore.
Oc

A.

Oc:)

0 C: :)/1)

ftL4

person
one

--:>

--:>

Ocrfc A.k

ftL9
first

people

ft L6(e)
~L12-II

OC:fJ

-A. oneperson ftL7


OcfJC' -A. z- alone ftL4

01311J1
011; (tJ)

Bi:./l#
B~

dermatologist

ftl12(e)

not busy; to have a lot of free time

ft LS

0: J:: 5 l, 'Iv ~?:.~ beauty parlor ft L 10


{Jj:; 5l,'fv ~~
hospital ftL4
0: J:; 5 ~ ~ 3n. illness; sickness ft L9, ft L 12(e)
Oc1;SlJ11>fvi:' ~~~
standardJapanese ftL11(e)
O:Q 1f: noon ~L9-II
0 Q L:: Id: Iv 1f: :: ~ lunch ft L3
0: Iv f~ flight ft L 10
~/?
pink ftL9(e)

================!@~1=============
131 <. Ril clothes ft L 12
131r.::) .::::.-:> two ftL9
131r.::)/1) .::::.-:> second ft L6(e)
131r.: o z.): two people ft L7
131r.: fJ 9-':) z.); -f'-:> two people each
130 5 ~ii local (train) ft L 10(e)
131:)1J' .::::. 8 the second day of a month

ft L 11 (e)
ft L4(e)

362

~*

131:J1J1J:;l,) .::..a~\'
hangover
131(: :J -Cl, '*9
:k-, Z \ 't -t

ftl12
to be on the heavy

ftL7

side

131(:Q :k~ togainweight[u]


ftL7
1311;J.?JA, !&'.i1~ surface mail ft L5(e)
131:fd !&'.} ship; boat ft L10
1311'il> ~ winter ftLS
131Ql,) \!;"\' old(thing) ftL5
:::fL.r!Z':::; l- present ft L 12
1310 ,ij,\g bath ftL6
1310li:lcl:l,)Q ..@.\g l::A.~
to take a bath
13\A,1)1 ::>z: 1t culture ~re L 11-II
13\fut.)'i(. ::)(:'#- literature ftL 1, ~reL7-II
13\A,13 ::)(:)! grammar ftL11(e)

ftL6

[u]

==============16)~1=========~
<t: (ts.) T 4- clumsy; poor at..
"':Jli: + negative .31] I:: nothing

ft LS
in particular

ftL7
"'-:;}
-"'-:;}

~~

ftL6

page

'liBJ.i

pagenumber.
room

ftL11(e)

ftL5

'':::;
ftL2, ftL2(e)
''"'~ ~ 39Q ~5$-t ~
pen

to study [irr.]

ftL3

"'fuel., -#-ill! lawyer ftL1


~A, t; 11&$'- reply ~ L11-II

''"' (: 3
"'fu

I'.) (t;J.)

-#- 113
1~5f1J

boxed lunch
convenient

ft L9
ft L7

=====================!(@!:=1======================
la: 3 If A, 7)- dialect ft L 11 (e)
1a; 3 L., '11~ -T hat; cap ft L2
-la:3~fu ~7Joo serving ... areas ftL10(e)
Jt\-.li. platform ft L 1 O(e)
it\- .Li. :V 'Y? homesickness ft L 12
m-.li.7... 7-1' homestay; living with a local family
ft LS

la:t.JllL: anything else ft L 11 (e)


1a; <. 1~ I (used by men) ft L5
la: 11 A, 1*~ insurance ft L5(e)
-1a: L., ~ 3 ~ --~ looking for .. . ~re L 11- II
Jt\7... l- 7 7.::: 1)- host family ~re L9-II, ft L 11
it\7 Jv hotel ft L4
la:fu ;$:. book ft L2, ft L2(e)
la:fu (: 3 c91J1 ;$:. 113 T-t ii' Really? ft L6
la:fu~ ;$:.l.i bookstore ft L4

**
okay; so-so ftL 11
-a;l,\ ~;j'5( [counterforflatobjects]
ftL5
a;l,)L.,~3 4it~ everyweek ftLS
'7?-1'77... minus ftL12
a;l, )Ii:!) 4it 8 every day ft L3
a;l, )ld'.fu 4it!J)E every night ft L3
a;~ WT front ftL4
a;t.)'iQ ff!ltl" ~ to turn (right/left) [u] ft L6(e)
a; t; ~ ( tJ:) serious; sober; diligent ~re L 12-II
a; g. first of all ~re LS- II
a; ti: again ~re L5- II
a; iC. + negative not ... yet ft LS
a;!) my town; city ftL4
a;:J f~-:i to wait [u] ft L4
a;:J9(' straight ftL6(e), ~reL6-I
a;:) I'.) ~ I) festival ft L 11
~3;c

to (a place); as far as (a place); till (a time)

ft L5

-a;cli:
by (time/date)
~ L 12-Il
a;C: ~ window ftL2(e), ftL6
a;C:<.:'!5 ~o counter ftL5(e)
a; Q 0 (correct) ft L 11 (e)
a; A, 1J'i1J1 51: @J
cartoonist ft L 11
a; A, t; ~ 3 sweet bun ~re L4-III

#~ ;:{; right ft L4
#75:'1.)'ib
;{;{llij right side ft L6(e)
dj t; 1.)ll,) 9& \ ' short (length) ft L7
dj 9" 1.}( water ft L3
di- 9"l, )0 7.}( ~ light blue ft L9(e)
di- 9" 5 di- );l;fJ lake ft L 11
di- tt J;S shop; store ~re L4-III
dj :J 1)1 :=_ 8 the third day of a month ft L4(e)
#:Jl:lQ Jl-:ilt~
tofind[ru]
~H12-II
dj :J :J :=_ -:i three ft L9
di- C I'.) *tR green ft L9( e)
djtJ:C:. A, 1& ~Iv everyone ~reL6-Ill
#tJ:# iil'i south ft L6(e)
djdj !f ear ft L?(e)
#~If
it souvenir ftL4
di- Q Yl ~ to see; to look at; to watch [ ru] ft L3
#futJ: all ~L7-II, ftL9
djfutJ:c all(ofthepeople)together
ftLS

('c

to do; to perform [u]

f.)Q
QJ\, )'/JI

7' 8

the sixth day of a month

6b

El

)<-)[;

~ L?(e)

breast

Jji1i)

VS~~

'%:

purple

~L9(e)

6b fJI~ ~&_jJ/; glasses ~ L 7


)< ::f.:; :J Mexico ~)'G L5- II
.><=.:::i.- menu ~L2

~b1::>tc.S

ti 3 already ~ L9
ti 3g ( very soon; in a few moments/days ~ L 12
ti <, ~ 3 7.J :t.Bi 8 Thursday ~ L4, ~ L4(e)
ti Lti L Hello? (used on the phone) ~L7
ti '5 rice cake ~ L 1 0-II
ti'50fu ofcourse ~L7
ti :J tf-:> to carry; to hold [ u J ~ L6
totake(athing)[u]

tf .-, -Z < ~
to bring (a thing) [irr.]
ti:::> C: more ~ L 11
ti(]) if~ thing (concrete object) ~ L 12
ti S 3 to get (from somebody) [u] ~ L9
ti::>""[< 7al

~a'f
~

to quit [ru]

~L 11

four o'clock
8

Mt t'

~Q

four

~ L4(e)

~L9

to read (u]

f" ff8
~

~ L 1 (e)

the fourth day of a month

~-:>

~ f-> <

~L7

~ L3

~ L3
~ L 10

reservation

~H5-II, ~L6

night

l: .i, L O?m.J!1 Li -t

~0 L(iJ)~1Jll,\L*9
Nice to meet you.

~ G

~A,~\,\

~ftlit

fouryearsold

~L1(e)

~fu13\fu

~71'"

four minutes

~ L 1 (e)

~ L6

*-1=.Jtll nextsemester ~L10


*-fl next month ~L4(e), ~LS
Sl, \ L t;!l 3 *-11! next week ~ L4(e), ~ L6
Sl,\~A,
*-- next year ~L4(e), ~L6
Sl,\fJI::>~
Sl,\lf:J

======~~==l@f=! ~~~
L 11

b t;!l 3 tJI <, g Q

WI Of=-t ~

to study abroad [irr.]


~L11

tlt;1J31Jl(itl,\

*
3 b :MJI

b J:; 3

f.)6t)Q

if you like

~ L.:;

~QJ

~ L4(e)
~ L 12

~LS

f-> ~ t;!l 3 !ffjjj( baseball ~ L 10


f->~ t;!l 3tt Iv I_, t;!l !ffjjj(~ .'f- baseball player ~
f->~l, \
vegetable ~ L2
f->~ l_,l, \ easy (problem); kind (person) ~ L5
f->gl, \ !-1
inexpensive; cheap (thing) ~ L5
f->g {Jj {;;f\.,Z, holiday; day off; absence ~ L5
f->gt) {;t t' to be absent (from); to rest [u] ~
f->tt""(l,\*g
tobethin
~L7
f->ttQ to lose weight [ru] ~L7
f-> :::> :J ;\.-:> eight ~ L9
f->* .L mountain ~)'GL5-II, ~L11
f-> * {Jj '5 .L it mountain road ~ L 10-ll

lff*

business to take care of

often; much

~::>:J

<

~ L5

the eighth day of a month

~ <,

~ :::> b'

}f.-,(11

363

1137.Jfu~J:(
~{~}ii} postoffice
~L2
113 6t}l, \ (tJ:) 1f"~ famous ~LS
1136bl,\l5fu 1i"~A. celebrity ~L10
11~ ~ snow ~L10-II, ~L12
11 :::> <, b slowly; leisurely; unhurriedly ~ L6
117.} ~l'f finger ~ L?(e)
116b /ij. dream ~ L 11

~ 3 tr ;\. 8
~ 3 lJ ffl "*"

eye ~L7, ~L?(e)


e-mail ~L4

ti::i-Cl,\(

~ L4(e)

Vb' Ltlb1 L {} k once upon a time ~j'G L 10-Il


QJ <::: 3 foJ: -) the other side; over there ~j'G L 12-Il
QJ9"1J1 L \, \ i~ L 1
difficult ~ L5
t)g6t} -9~ daughter ~l'GL12-Il
it) :::> :J 7'-:>
six ~ L9
QJ~

< l,)/v l

L6

WJOf:'.i.

~L1

dormitory ~L9-ll
cooking; dish ~j'G L6-III

b J:;
bJ:3t)9Q
#JI-t~
b J:; <::: 3 :!<At travel
bJ:i::39Q
:Rn-t~
b fuL:: apple ~ L 10

J[;-.U.><-t"-

internationalstudent

roommate

tocook[irr.]

~LS

~ L5
totravel[irr.]

~L11

~L10

364~*

:tll,\ f?lJ example ~ L 11 (e)


:tl~l_,
~~ history ~L1, ~L2
l.l:A l--5/ restaurant ~L4
:tlfu l_, t;J> 5 **-~ exercise ~ L 11 (e)
:tlful_,1;1> 59:@ **-~"t 6 to practice [irr.]

[.;::.; !--?"/

X-ray

~ L 12(e)

~L10

9 .-( ::.; wine

~ L6- III

t.)"/Jll,\

~\'

young

t.)1)1:@

to understand [u]

< ~l, \

o< l:I
0::>13\fu

"'fl

"'Pli\:

"'*"'71'

June

~ L4(e)

six years old

~ L 1 (e)

six o'clock ~L1(e)


six minutes ~ L 1 (e)

~L4

bfJ':tlQ $1Jfl.6
tobreakup;toseparate[ru]
~L12
bg:tlQ ~ft..6 to forget; to leave behind [ru] ~L6
btc L ;fL. I ~L 1

on: L,tc"!J
0<1)\-::)

~L9

we

~H12-II

btc:Q

)i.l{ 6

to cross [u]

~ L6(e)

b:@ L \

,~ 1

bad

;fL.f= t;
'

~ L1 2

~ < l, )fv2 365


A

g I

sh-Japanese

(Conversation and Grammar section)

~re-

~Jtdf~~~
(Reading and Writing section)

l,)~-:) (Greetings)
(e) Useful Expressions
I II IIIFo~JH!Wf'i'5" (~O;.~~*i)
G

(number of exercise in the


Reading and Writing section)
[u] u-verb

[ru] ru-verb

[irr.] irregular verb

===============:====():=! ===============
about (approximate measurement) ~<:St,) ftL4
about.. . ~1:-::>t,)"L ftLS
absence ti9#
J::f.J, ftL5
absent (from) ti9<G J:tt' [ul ftL6
actor i;:J;t,Hgi3 1Mf ftL11
actress l;:l;l,)~3/ l.JJ;~3 ~H~I :9:"1f ftL11
adult Seta:: *-.A. ~L12-n
after ...
~c ~:i~ ftL10
after(anevent)
(~O))C: (~q)):/~
~LS-II,

apple IJfvc ftL10


April L,1J'-::> E9 Fl ft L4(e)
arm "L ~ ftL7(e)
art museum (JLJ1~i-::>1J1fv ~UT~ ftL11
as far as (a place) ~a':c ft L5
as much as possible c~.Qtcl:t ft L 12
Asian studies :P:/:Pl:tfv~lll>3
/;/7,;Jf'J'E ftL1
ask ~< f,/l < [u] ftL5
astronaut 315 ll!> 3 0L. 3 L, "J''ilHltit ft L 11
at about. . . ~co ftL3
at the time of.. . C:~
ftL4
attend c .Q tB 6 [ru] ft L9
August 1;3;151J'-::> 1\.fl ft L4(e)
Australia :;;t-:::Z i'5'J:P ftL1, ftL11

ftL11

again 'iHc. ~L5-II


air < 3~ ~J\. ft LS
airmail L.3(3(Jfv
M:~1~ ftL5(e)
airplane 0 L. 3 ~ 91Ht~ ft L5
alcohol CS) Nt (J?) llli ftL3
all OifvtJ. ~L7-II, ftL9
all (of the people) together OifvtJ.c ft LS
alone OC:IJc
-A. -r ftL4
already ti3 ftL9
always l,Oti ~L6-III, ft LS
A.M.
L:.iffv "f-ilir ftL1
and so forth ~tJ.c ~L12-n
and then -'f L, "L ~ L9-II, ft L 11
and then -'f::t1.1J1 S ft L5
(get)angry SL..Q "156[u]
~H12-II
answer L.tc.X. ~ ftL11(e)
answer L.tc.X..Q ~;t. 6 [ru] ~J'GLS-II
anthropology
l.Jfv.Ql,)1J'< A.~~ ftL1
antibiotic
L.3ttl,)13bL,-::> #L:i.*11( ftL12(e)
anything else 13:1Jll: ft L 11 (e)
apartment ? J\- I' ft L7
appear c.Q tB6 [rul ftL9

================:::=(@)=1 ===============
back 3 uo :i~;; ftL4
back (body) ttta::1J1 '!f.P ft L7(e)
bad b.Ql,) ~\' ftL 12
bag b'l"J.fv ftL2, ftL2(e)
baggage 1:ti-::i f.lJ~w ftL6
bamboo hat 1J1~
~J'G L1 o-n
band JI./ r: ~L11-II
bank 'f'"fvL. 3 ~it ftl2
barbecue J \--"'::\=- .:::i. - ft LS
barber's C: L. ti 1*.~ ft L 10
baseball ti~ Ill> 3 ff:f>i<. ft L 1 o
baseball player ti~lll>3ttfvL.,l\I> ffl'5Jl.ilH ftL11
bath (S) 1310 CJ?) )il.g ftL6
beautiful ~::11.t,) (ta::) ftL5
beauty parlor (JJ::3t,)fv ~'.\S'.Pff. ftL10
because . . . ~1J1S ftL6
because . . . ~O)c ft L 12
become ta::.Q[u] ftL10
beer ~--Jl.i ftL11
begin l;:l;l.J/;l).Q :Mllt:>6 [ru] ftLS
(something) begins l;:l;l.Ja':.Q kH 6 [ul ftL9
best t, )!Jld'."fv -#- ft L 1 o
between t, )tc iVl ft L4
bicycle LJ"Lfvu'P ~.if. ftL2
birthday tc.fv LJ Jo; 3 a ~:i. a ft Ls
black (ol,) "!!!,\' ftL9,ftL9(e)
black and white uo<o
a"!!!. ftL9(e)
blackboard L. < lcJ:"fv "!!!.i~ ft L2(e), ft LS
blonde hair ~fvld'.'-::> ~~ ftL9(e)

366

~*
8

blue d:ll) 1f1' ftL9, ftL9(e)


board 0)0 *6 [u] ftL5
boarding ticket l5J::5Lti11fv
**% ftL 10(e)
boat 131tl Ji!'d ft L 1 o
book 13:fv
ft L2, ft L2(e)
bookish expression
b1t.::l)l)l)b't.::
+t.1 '1'
1J ftL11(e)
bookstore 13:fvt> ::;.'-. ft L4
boring '.J*51a;l) ftL5
borrow b'IJ0 f.i-1J6[nil
ftL6
bound for . . . =-L )t ~:ft~ ft L 1 O(e)
boxed lunch Cd5)~fvc:':::5 (1?)#~
ftL9
boy d:lc:':::L:O)L: }15(!)-'f- ftL11
boyfriend M"l 1Jt ft L 12
bread J \:.1 ft L4
breakup bb1tl.0 8iJ;f1.6[ru] ftL12
breakfast i!D<!L:ld:fv ~ :::.'~ ftL3
breast <tm ~ ft L?(e)
bright d5t.::*b'l'l' MIJ'1 '\' ftL?
bring (a person) '.Jtl. "L < 0 iUt -c < 6 [irr.J ft L6
bring (a person) back '.Jtl."Lb'~0 ;tn H'H
[ul ~H 12-II
bring (a thing) ti::i"L(0
#..,-c < 6 [irr.] ftL6
Britain -{:fl.J:::Z ftL1, ftl2
brothers and sisters t- J:: 5 tel' .JL~ ft L?
brown !itil)0l)
:JF.~1' ftL9(e)
Bullet Train Lfvb'fvtifv ~~#.JR ftl10
bus J\"A ftL5
1<:.z1:f
bus stop J\'A"Ll'
ftL4
business t::'V'::f.:::Z ft L 1, ft L2
business to take care of J: 5 l5 ffl $ ft L 12
busy(people/days) l"'fb'Ll'
ttL1' ftL5
but cti ftL3
... , but ~b' ~L5-II, ftL?
buttocks (<15) L IJ ft L?(e)
buy b15 Jl'. 7 [u] ftL4
by (means of transportation) ~ c ft L 1 o
by (time/date) ~*cl::: ~H 12-n
by all means tfO- ~~F ftL9
by the way c:':::L:C>c ftL9
bywhatmeans C:5t>::i"L ftL10

cafe t-::i<!"Lfv ~:JF.15 ftL2


cafeteria L J:: < C: 5 ~~ ft L?
cake ?--::\=' ft L 1 o
call C'fvb90
?t~!-t6 [irr.] ftL8
camera tJ:A5 ftL8

camp =t't1::.J7 ftL11


cap 1a: 5 L ~lH ft L2
car <, 0* Ji'. ftL?
Car No. 1 l)!>L:5 Lt> -25-.JI'. ftL10(e)
carry ti'.J #-:i [u] ft L6
cartoonist *fvb'b' 5ilw~ ftL11
castle (<15) LC> ( 1?) ~ ~ L5-II
cat tit: fili ft L4
catch a cold b'1f~D-< J!B.~~f U < [u] ftl12
CD ':..1-7-'-1CD ftL6
celebrity ~ 5 (l:!)l' l5fv '1l'";f,./. ft L 10
chair l )9 ft L2(e), ft L4
cheap (thing) t>9l) ~1' ftL5
cheerful d5b'0l) BJl61' ~~L11-II
Cheers! (a toast) b'fvlcfl'
fc:.:ff ft LB
chef ':..!I 7 ~H6-III
child L: C:ti -t-1< ft L4
China '.51\tl5L:<
o/00 ftL1, ftL2
Chinese character b1fvl5
ftL6
chopsticks Id: L ft LB
city *!> 1llJ ft L4
class ?5:::Z ftL4
class l51\tl~J::5
t~1t ftL11
clean t-tl.l' (tJ) ft L5
clean -'f 5 l5 9 0 ~~-t 6 [irr.J ft L8
clever t.::*b'l'l'
MIJ'1 '\' ftL?
climb 0)12f'0 1f6 [u] ftl11
clock c:':::l1l' *~t ftL2
close (something) L6:!)0 flf!'1'>6 [ml ftL6
clothes 131 < m~. ft L 12
cloudy weather <ti IJ ~ 1J ft L 12
club activity 11-?J[; ftL?
clumsy <t: (ta;) T 3t ft L8
coffee =i-1:::- ftL3
cold b11t J!B.~~ ft L 12
cold (things/people) '.J(l:!)t.::l' ~f:1' ftl10
cold (weather) <!vl'
ftL5
college tel'b'<
ftL1
college student tel 'b'< til'
*-'#:i. ft L 1, ft LB
colloquial expression < tel1t.::l )l vtrt:
< t: It
f:1'7J ftL11(e)
color l)0 ~ ftL9
come < 0 *-6 (irr.J ft L3
coming from L i\1l ::i Liv tB .tr ft L 11
commuter's pass "Ll )t-11 fv YE'.M% ft L 1 O(e)
company b'l' L ti 4tf ft L?
composition <! < 13\fv 1'Fx ft L9
computer =i::.; I:::' i -5'ft L 1, ft L2

~*

**

*1'

2" <, L, Vv2 367


C

concerning...
-lt:::Jl,\-C
~LS
concert
::::i ::J-lf- l- ~ L9
convenience store ::::i::;t::= ~L7
convenient
"'-fv tJ (tJ:) f~;f1J ~ L7
cook fJ J; 5 fJ 9 0 #J!:t 6 [irr.J ~ L8
cooking
tJ J; 5 tJ
~Ti: L6-III
cool (weather)
99" l_,L, \ 5Ji( L \' ~ L1 o

mt

corner 1N:~- fiJ ~ L6(e)


correct ( 0) 3::0 ~L11(e)
cough

tt~

~L12

cough
tt~1J'C'0
-\:t~n'tl::6 [ruJ ~L12
counter
a::c:<:-s ;1Eo ~L5(e)
(counter for flat objects) -3:;L,\ ~it ~L5
(counter for people)
country
coupons

-lt:fv

<it: 00 ~ L7
1J1L, \g 5 l:t fv

~A.

@~~

~ L7
L 1 O(e)

die

Ll>G

d ifficu It
diligent

YE&':l [u]

~ L6

QJ9"1J1 LL,\ ~H \ ' ~ L5


3:: LJ<lb (tJ:) ~Ti: L 12-II

diningcommons
LJ;<c5
-t:~ ~L7
dinner
ld'.'fvcicJ;fv
sJE:::: !.R ~ L3
disgusted with
~SL,\ (tJ:) ~\'
~L5

mt

dish
tJ J; 5 tJ
~Ti: L6- m
dislike
~SL,\ (tJ:) ~\'
~L5
do 9 0 [irr.] ~ L3
do "f->0 [u]
do laundry

~L5
ttfv/c <, 9 0

do physical exercises
[irr.] ~L9
doctor
L, \ L-r-i ~:{;'dog L, \l>G ft.. ~ L4

57t:.5'/t-t 6 [irr.J

~ L 1, ~ L 1

lffv~1J't;J.L,\

don'tlookwell

door
C: -P ~H
1 o-u
door
t.::7' ~ L2(e)
dormitory
tJ J; 5 ~

cross b/c:Q
5/t 6 [u] ~ L6(e)
cry t;J.< i:ft< [u] ~T.:L12-II

dream i\ll<lb "!- ~L11


drink O)#t;O)
L5
drink
O)QJ t\:L' [u] ~L3

i"5\fv1J' x ft. ~Ti: L 1 HI


/J-7-::J ~ L2(e)
~0
-l:J76 [u] ~LS

cut
cut (classes)
-lflt(:Q [uJ
cute
1J1bL,\L,\ ~L7

~ L 11

==================!@l==1 ===============
dance
SC:0
date (romantic)

~6 [uJ ~L9
:;-- t-- ~ L3

t->9 d7-

day off

-{;!;.;,

~ L5

deadline
L<lb~t"J ~<1":>-l:J7'J
~L11(e)
December
LJ/9> 51t:1J'::i -t.::.Jl ~L4(e)
decide
~<lb:Q 5*:<1":> 6 [ruJ ~ L10
... degrees (temperature)
~Jt.. ~L12
delicious
ct.)L,\L,L,\
~L2

-c.

dentist
L 1J' 1\N# ~ L 12(e)
departing first
ttfvld'.::i
7\';#; ~ L 10(e)
departing second
lJ ld;::J ;t_fe ~ L 10(e)
department store

l-

7-'H-

~L4

dermatologist
\.H"511J' .Bt~#
~ L 12(e)
desk ::i <, ~ ~JL ~ L2(e), ~ L4
dialect
la: 511'fv -;?
~ L 11 (e)
diary

it:-::i~

dictionary

ase
LJ L J;

~l'i:L9-II

#1f

~ L2, ~ L2(e)

~L12

~Ti: L9-II

~x;,~ ~

drive

5fv-Cfv90

drive
DVD

t.::5-1-:: :i"

1!~-t6

~LS

[irrJ

~L11
DVD ~L7

7''4-"j'-{7-'4-

===============~@~1 ===============
ear ##
lf
early ld;"f->L,\

~ L7(e)
.!f-\' ~L3

(do something) early

daughter QJ9<1b 1tR ~H 12-II


day after tomorrow, the 2"-::ff ~L4(e), ~LS
day before yesterday, the d3 C: C: L, \ ~ L4(e)

7tmn'-1",f\'

cow 5L
4 ~H12-II
cram school
LJl9><
~ ~T.:L7-II
credit card
?L/:Y'.Y t--J:J- r: ~L10

culture
curtain

~ L8

iUh-t 6

5 fvc 5 9 0

east
easy

D1J' L Jlt
1J1fv/cfv(t;J.)

easy(problem)

ld;"f->

<

< 11t < ~ L 1 o

.!f-

L6(e)
M.lil- ~L10

t->2"LL,\

~L5

eat /c"'-0 i::-'"' 6 [ru] ~ L3


economics
l:tL, ,~-L, \ 11&5tf ~ L 1, ~ L2
eight
t->-::i::i A-,
~L9
eight minutes
eight o'clock
eight years old

ld;-::i 13\fv/ icJ;-Si)1fv


1\."ld;'.5 LJ 1\.~
~ L 1 (e)
ld;-::i 2"L, \

1\.~

eighteen minutes
LJl9>51d;-::i13\fv/
fv --j-J\."- ~ L 1 (e)
eighth day of a month, the

J::. 51J'

~ L 1 (e)

L 1 (e)
LJl9>51d;'.5131
1\.

~L4(e)

electricity
C'fv~ \itm ~L2(e), ~L6
eleven minutes
LJ/9>5L,\-::i13\fv
+--- ~L1(e)
eleven o'clock
LJ/9>5L,\'.JLJ
~L1(e)
eleven years old LJ/9>5L,\-::i~L,\
eleventh day of a month, the

+-a

~L4(e)

+-~
+-~

~L1(e)
LJ 19> 5 L, \'.Jlt:-S

e-mail .)(-J[;
~L4
(something) ends Sb0 ~ti 6 [u] ~ L9
energetic lf'fvi! (ta;) ft.~ ~ L5
English (language) ~l, \L': ~?a ~ L 1
ENTdoctor Glf1J' It-*-# ~L12(e)
enter ld:l\0 A.6 [u] ~L6
entrance l, \ fJ <:-s A. o ~ L 10(e)
erase 119 il!J-t [u] ~L6
eraser 11u::::lb 5l!JL:::it..
~L2(e)
essay t:: < 13\fv 1t::Z ~ L9
everyday a';l,\IL:'.5 .;9fa ~L3
every night a';l, \lcl'.'fv 4ifaJt ~ L3
every week a';l, \ t_, ~ 3 4if~ ~LS
everyone #tJ.t:: fv 11'-:: ,{, ~ L6-III
Everything is under control. n:l \ c; J; 313\
~ ~L5
exam t_, 11 fv $\~ ~ L9
example ru. \ ~u ~ L 11 (e)
excellent food L:'.5.Z-3 ~l\;L9-II
Excuse me. 9#a';ifv ~G
exercise nfv t_, ~ 3 **'11 ~ L 11 (e)
exit c <:-s t:l:l o ~ L 10(e)
exit c:Q t:l:l 6 [ru] ~H6-I, ~L9
expensive tcb'l \ iWi \ ' ~ L2
~pra~ 1!~3L:3
Aft ~L1~~
extremely 9 L: < ~ L5
eye lsb 13 ~L7, ~L7(e)

:f\.-}::_

=====::::=====::::=====:::::::::=()==::!=====::::=====::::=====::::
face b'iD llJl ~L7(e),~L10
fall 1! *k ~L10
family b1f:(
~L7
famous ~31sbl\ (ta;) :;Jf;t:; ~LS
farm ld:tcl1 ~ ~H12-II
fast lcl:t>l,\ l!\' ~L7
(do something) fast lcl:t>< .!f- < 1 l! < ~L 10
father <DC: 3 t:: fv -.h5U ,{, ~ L 1, ~ L2
(my) father '.5'.5 :'>( ~L7
February 1<=1J'-:::> .=.JJ ~ L4(e)
festival (iD) ;:l';-:::>fJ (-.h) fk '! ~L11
fifteen minutes L:;~3L:131fv -tll7J'- ~L1(e)
fifth day of a month, the l, Db' 1l a ~ L4(e)
find #-:::>110 Jt.,--JIH
~H12-II
finger ~LJ t~ ~L7(e)
firefighter uJ;31~'3L,
il!J~
~L11
first U-C::-:::>lsb -"J El ~L6(e)
first car l,\Slcl'.'fva';.::t -tl}.ilfi ~L10(e)
first day of a month, the '.::>l\tc'.5 -a
~L4(e)

*~

first of all ;:!';]" ~LS-II


first-year student l, \'.5tlfvil \ -:! ~ L 1
fish t::b1tJ. ,f!/, ~ L2
fishing -:::>fJ ~L11
five l,O-:::> ll"J ~L9
five minutes L:131fv llft ~L1(e)
five o'clock
L: LJ ll*
~ L 1 (e)
five years old L:t::l \ ll:il&: ~ L 1 (e)
flight lffv i~ ~L10
flower lcl:i'6 :it ~ L 12
fondof 91!-(tJ.) ff-2< ~L5
food tc-"tiO) -ft:"'iW ~ L5
foot L, Ji:. ~L7(e), ~L12
for example rcc~lcl'.' f?!J;tlf ~ L 11 (e)
for ... months ~b'lf'-:::> ~n'Jl ~L10
forthefirsttime
lcl:Glsb-C *7).!0(
~L12
fortwotothreedays
IL:t::fvl<:'.5 .::..=.a ~L12
for ... weeks ~t_,~31J1fv
~~M ~L10
foreign country 1J>l,\L:(
?'~00 ~L11
forget b9:t10 ~tt.6 [ru] ~L6
four J:: ::i-:::> r:s--J ~ L9
four minutes J::fv13\fv r:sf]- ~ L 1 (e)
four o'clock J:: lJ r:s* ~ L 1 (e)
four years old J::fvt::l\ r:s;M&: ~L1(e)
fourteen minutes lJ ~ 3 J::fv13\fv -tr:s7J" ~ L 1 (e)
fourteenth day of a month, the c; ~ 3J::::i1J'

+zs a

~ L4(e)

fourth day of a month, the J::::i1J1 r:sa ~L4(e)


Friday 1! fvJ:: 3 lf ~818 ~ L4, ~ L4(e)
friend e: =src:-s 'ii.t: t; ~ L 1
frightening L:bl,\ JI$\' ~L5
from...
~1J1S ~L7-II, ~L9
from now on L::t11J'S ~L11-II
front
ilfi ~L4
front end l,\-Slcl'.'fva';~ -tl}.ilfi ~L10(e)
fun tcO)L,l,\ ~L1'
~L5
funny <Dt>L,ol,\ i!iia1' ~L5
future uJ;3Sl\
~L11

*~

***

=====::::=====::::=====::::==={@)=:1 ====================
gain weight 131C::0 :k6 [ul ~L7
game lf-L ~L7
game L,l,\ $\ii" ~L12
gate b'l \t::-:::> &.~L ~ L 1 O(e)
general admission seat LJ~3ii!

re-It
~L10(e)

get (a grade) C::0 l!R6 [u] ~L 11


get (from somebody) t>S3 [ul ~L9

~ < L, \fv2 369


G

get angry cot::@ ~6 [ul ~li:L12-II


get off cotJ:@ ~1J 6 [ru] ~L6
get to know L0 ~6 [u] ~L7
getup
co~:@ ~~6[ru]
'3:L3
Get well soon. coteL,\lJI;::: 1?*-*-1: ~L12
girl cofvtrJ.O)t: -kO)"f '3: L11
girlfriend tso: lJ J; 1-k ~li: L11-II, ~ L 12
g I asses 69 b't;i !Ht ~ L 7
gloves -C131<0 'f-~ ~L10
go L,\< 1'r < [ul ~L3
go back b1;{_:@ IJW6 [u] ~L3
go on a diet 51'-1I'Y t--90 [irr.] ~L11
go out cb'l:t:@ tl:l1Ht6 [ru] ~LS
go to sleep t;i:Q ~6 [ru] ~L3
God b'#~'J:. *l'tl ~L12-II
gold ~fvL,\0 it~ '3:L9(e)
gold ::::J'-J[, r: ~L9(e)
good L,\L,\ ~L3
Good afternoon. t:fvl;:::!Jld: ~G
goodat ...
lJJ;59"(trJ.)
J:'f- ~LS
good child L,\L,\t: 1 '\ 'T ~L9
good deed L,\L,\U:: ~L10-II
Good evening. t:fvld:'fvld: ~G
Good morning. cold:J:5/cold:J:5c<!'L,\'J:.9
~G
Good night
cot->9# (tci:~L, \) ~G
Good-bye. ~ J: 5 trJ. 5 ~ G
good-looking
b':)i:l,\L,\
~LS
grade (on a test, etc.) tl:L, \it~ .oX.*il ~ L 12
graduate student tel, \b' < L, \fvtl:L,\ **Bt:i.
~L1

grammar 13\fvla:'5 )C)t; ~ L 11 (e)


grandfather colJL,\l!fv ~L7
grandmother cold:'c!fv ~L7
gray '.'.7'1./- ~L9(e)
gray ld:L, \L, \0 9<. ~ ~ L9(e)
green ~:f IJ-:;
~ L9(e)
green #c tJ ~ ~ L9(e)
green tea (co)!> t> (};) ~ ~ L3
guardian deity of children LJ'i''3 I co LJ-F5 ~ fv
~li:L 10-II

guitar

=F5'-

~L9

===========~~' ==========
hair b'# ~ ~ L7, ~ L7(e)
half ld:fv 1- ~ L 1
halfpasttwo
1;:::LJ!d:fv =-~# ~L1
hamburger J \Y /\-15~ L3
hand -C 'f- ~ L7(e)

hangover 130b1J:L,' .::. B Wf1' ~ L 12


happy Lbtt(trJ.)
$-\! ~L10-II
hat liO L ~lH ~ L2
hate teL,\~5L,\ CU) *~1, ~Ls
haveafever 1cl:Jb'0
~iJ<.t6[u]
~L12
have a fight l:t fvb'9 0 [irr.] ~ L 11
have a lot of free time 03:. (trJ.) erx '3: LS
have a scheduling conflict :JL':5b'b:@L,\
$
f!'iJ'.l!li,1'

~L12

have a talk lcl:trJ.L~90


~f-t 6 [irr] ~L9-II
head tc'J:. @: ~L7(e)
healthy l:f'fv~ (trJ.) :it~ ~LS
hear ~< fli'l < [u] ~L3
heavens, the -C fv T.. ~ L 12-II
Hello? (used on the phone) ti Vt> L ~ L7
help -C:Jte5
-'t-1~ 7 [ul ~L6
here t:t: ~L2
Here it is. c.5-r ~L2
high tcb'L,\ ~L,\ ~L2
high school <:5<:5
~:!X ~L1
high school student t:5t:5tl:L,\ ~:!X:i. ~L1
history tl~L
~~ ~L1, ~L2
hobby L~#
J!ll!<?j;. ~l'i:L11-II
hold ti:J :jt-:J [u] ~L6
holiday t->9# 1*h ~LS
home L, \;{_
'3: L3
home 5 !> ~ L3
homesickness m- b.:; 'Y '.J ~ L 12
homestay Jti-b.:::Z:T-1 ~LS
homework L ~<tel,\
t.l!l!! ~LS, ~ L 11 (e)
hospital U' J; 5 L, \fv :j})jB' ~ L4
host family m:::z t--7:r2'J~L9-II, ~L11
hot (thing) <!5-:JL,' ~1' ~LS
hot (weather) <!5-:JL, \ Ji1' ~LS
hot spring cofuttfv
L 11
hotel Jti:TJ[, ~L4
... hours ~LJb'fv
~~M ~L4
house L, \;{_
L3
house 5 !> ~ L3
housewife L~131 3'.~ '3:L1
how c5t->:)-C ~L10
How about ... ? c5c9b'
~L3
How do you do? Id: LJ6!:>3:. L-C ~G
How is ... ? c5c9b'
~L3
how long c(!)<:'SL,\ ~L10
how much L,\< 5 ~L2
how much c(J)<:SL,\ ~Lrn
(become) hungry cotrJ.b'b'9 < [ul ~ L 11

~* ~

*~

hurry l,\-E<: ,~
hurt t,\tcl,\ ffii11

<

L
juice :J::i.-::Z ftL12
July G !lb'::> -C fl ft L4(e)
June 0(b'::> :t>fl ftL4(e)
just...
~rcl:t ftL11

ftL6
ftL12

[u]

I bt.:::G ~;. ftL1


I (used by men) 1a: < 1~ ft L5
I do not know G fJ 3:ttfu ~ 1J i -t:Lt ft L7
I know G::iC::l,\3:9 ~o.., "t11 r r ftL7
lsee.
-E3c9b1 ftL1
ice cream 7-1::Z'.JIJ-b. ftL3
if that is the case, . . . lJ 'I!> ft L2
if you like J:.b1::it.:::5 ftL7
I'll go and come back. l,\::iC::~3:9 ftG
illness U'c1; 3~ frq~ ftL9, ftl12(e)
I'm home. r.:::tct,\3: ftG
I'm sorry. c/:/JfutJ.~l,\ ftL4
I'm sorry. 90i3:ttfu ftG
in a few moments/days i:J39<: ftL12
inthemorning ciffu!ll'Jl3
'1'-wr>F ~~L9-II
in ... time ~c ~1k ftL10
inconvenient ::>23b'b.Ql,\ ~-@-1/'~11 ftL12
inexpensive t->9t,\ '1;;11 ftL5
injection !l l'Jl 3 G 'I!> 5itt ft L 12(e)
injury l:tb' ft L 12(e)
inside tst o/ ft L4
instruct <DG~.Q ~;t 6 [ru] ftL6
insurance 131:tfu 1*Fi ftL5(e)
interested (in) i!J;3#1J'.Q J!t?f;.fi'ti6 [uJ ftL12
interesting <Di:JG0U iW81
ftL5
international relations <:: < ~l, \b'fui:tt,' 00 ~ril
1~ ftL1
international student IJ l'Jl 3 b' < ttt,' W 1:. ft L 1
introduce Gc1;3b1l,\9.Q
Ml1l--t6 [irr.] ftL11
(a person) is in . . . l, \.Q [ruJ ft L4
Is that so? -E 3 c9b1 ft L 1
it has been a long time 0~ G13\IJ ;z. L .;'.1J
ftL 11
Italy 15' IJ 7 ~ L6-III
It's okay. tct,' lJ c1; 3 ,3; *.1:..'};.. ft L5
1

'*

====================(Q))=:::1====================
January l, \!lb'::> - fl ft L4(e)
Japan IL:l3fu B
ft L 1
Japanese language IL:l3fu2 B;4'.?o
Japanese people IL:l3fu lJfu B ;4'.A.
Japanese traditional dress ~i:JO)
jeans :)-:;-:;:._ ftL2
job Gee 1:!J ftL1, ftLS
journalist :/'17-:T'J::Z l- ftL11

~*

ftL1
ft L 1
~~L9-II

==================~~'====================
Kabuki b113\~ llfk.n-rt ft L9
kanji b1fulJ
ftL6
karaoke :1J"5 ;;t7 ft LS
kimono ~i:JO)
~~L9-II
kind Gfutt::> (tf.) ttt;J ftL7
kind (person) t->~Gl,\ ftL5
(get to) know G.Q ~06 [uJ ftL7
Korea b1fu<::< ~00 ftL1,ftL2

)l*

~*

==================~~'====================
lake O:t9'3G:t i#l ft L 11
... language ~c ~?a ft L 1
large <D<D~t, \
1 1 ft L5
lastcar l,\!Jld'."fu3G0 -i!t-ik.l, ftL10(e)
last month ttMf"::> 7t;fl ftL4(e), ftL9
lasttrain
Gl'Jl3cfu
~'it ftL10(e)
last week ttfu G l'Jl 3 7t;~ ft L4, ft L4(e)
last year ~ J; tdfu *_;p ft L4(e), ft L9
lastly ~l,\CIL: ~{Ji.I:
~HS-II
late <5-Et,\ :i/!11 ftl10
{do something) late <D-E< :ii!< ~~L4-III, ftL6
late {for) <D-E<trJ..Q :ii!< -r.i:6 [u] ft LS
late (for an appointment) !l <:: <, 9 .Q :ii!~J-t 6

*~

[irr.J

ft L 11

later on C:: c ik T ft L6
lawyer -"fucG #"Aft ftL1
learn tJ.53 517 [u] ftL11
leave behind b9;f'1.Q ~*1..6 [ruJ ftL6
left o-rcfJ tr_ ftL4
left side trt: fJ b'b tr._jJliJ ft L6(e)
leg G A:.. ftL7(e), ftL12
leisurely ~ ::i <, fJ ft L6
Let me see. -E3c9td
ftL3
letter C::b'Oi of-~$; ft L4
library C:: G c1; b1fu !]Jiftg ft L2
life ttt, vtr:: 1:.5i5- ft L1 o
light blue Oi9"t, \0 ,j( ~ ft L9(e)
like 9~ (trJ.) JiJ-~ ftL5
line number ...
~~c1;3/:/J ~11' ftL11(e)
listen ~< r:i!l < [u] ftL3
literature 13\fub'<
ftL1, ~L7-II
little, a 9<:: G jr L ~H7-II

-X.*

little, a '.5 J; ::> C: ~ L3


live 9tl ii. t; [u] ~ L7
lively 1;:'i!''t>t.J1 (tJ:) ~L5
living ttl \f.J'"J :~U~ ~ L 1 o
living with a local family
Jt-b.75-1
~L8
local (train) 1:\0 3 11'-i! ~LI O(e)
lonely C:lJL.,L,\ ~ L 1' ~L9
long t<:1:t.J'l' -&1' ~L7
look at #0 Jt 6 [ru] ~ L3
look forward (to) ( ~~)1.:0) L.,#1;:9 0 ~ L .z,,.1:
-t6 [irr.] ~l'i:L7-II
look pale t.J1St.J'Sl\ Mi'1'1f1,
~L9(e)
looking for ...
~1a;L.,~3
~;!J~ ~H1HI
lose tel:< 9 [u] ~Ll2
lose weight t>tt0 [ru] ~L7
lot, a t:. C:fv ~L4
love t.:"l\9E (t.:1:) :klif~ ~L5
lunch U-0clctfv ~=~:~ ~L3

=====================1~)==1 =====:=:=====:=:==::::::::::::=
magazine 2'.'::> L., tt~ ~L3
major ttfvt:: 3 -t.1x ~LI
make "J(0 f'f6 [u] ~L8
make a phone call C'fvb~f.Jll:J-0 '1t~H''1'1t6
[ru]

~L6

man Set: ~ ~l'i:LI HI


man Sct::O)D'c ~(!)A. ~L7
many tc. <, C: fv ~ L4
March C: fvf.J'"J .::. ,Fl ~ L4(e)
(get) married l:t::>C:::fv90
*6~1H6 [irr.] ~L7
match L.,(li)L,\ ~% ~Ll2
matters c::: C: ~LI HI
May ct.J'"J li.tl ~L4(e)
maybe tc.i:l\fv J> - ~LI 2
meal 21ctfv :::~ ~L4
mean-spirited L,\l.Jb0 (tel:) ~ti!l,l!!\ ~L9
meaning l,\# ~'?!<. ~L11(e), ~L12
meat 1;: < ;i ~ L2
medicine < 9 ti l!i1!. ~ L9
meet 3 %--J [u] ~L4
memorize SliJX0 '.}t;{. 6 [ru] ~L9
menu ;><=.:::i.~L2
Mexico ;>< :;:\:-::; ::::i ~l'i: L5-II
milk 'i!"~31;:~3
4~L ~LIO
Milky Way, the *O)f.Jlb ~(!)JJI ~l'i:Ll2-II
minus ~-1:t-:::Z ~Ll2
Monday 11"JJ::3LJ tl Bi B ~L4, ~L4(e)
money CS) t.J1tl (J:J) i:- ~L6

month after next, the C:Sl\lf'"J ~*-tl ~L4(e)


more =tn C: ~LI 1
morning <!BC: ~ ~L3
mother St.J1C:fv J?IIf~ Iv ~LI. ~L2
(my) mother lctlct IIf ~L7
mountain
t'* t.L ~l'i:L5-II, ~LI 1
mountain road t>ao:#'.5 i.L;t ~l'i:LIO-II
mouth
<, '.5 o ~L7, ~L7(e)
movie ~L,\t.J' 8*@1 ~L3
Mr./Ms. . . . ~c:a;: ~t!R ~)'j; L5-II
Mr./Ms....
~C:fv ~LI
much J::< ~L3
municipal hospital
L.,#fvlJJ; 3l\fv 11ll"SfflBt
~L6

music Sfvt.J'< 11-~ ~L3


my place 3 '.5 ~ L3

=====:=:=====:=:=====:=:==()==I =====:=:=====:=:=====:=:
name t.:1:a;:~ ;gwr ~LI
narrow ttao:l\ ~1'
~Ll2
near '.5t.J1 < if[< ~ L4
near future t::fvc .J:J-m:. ~ L9
nearby '.5 t.J1 < ifl < ~ L4
neck < LJ -' ~ L7(e)
need L,\0 [u] ~L8
neighborhood
Efvl.JJ; ifli'IT ~LI HI
(get) nervous E fv '.5 J; 3 9 0 ~*.-t 6 [irr.J
new tc.SL.,L,\ ~lfL1' ~L5
NewYear's (S)L.,J;31:J'"J
(;J:J).iE!'l

~LI 2

~H10-II, ~Lii
newspaper L.,fv1:llfv ~flil ~L2
next "J'i!'' ;jz ~ L6
next C: t.:1: ti ~Jllc ~ L4
next (stop), . . . "J'i!''lct~ ;x1i ~ ~ L 10(e)
next month Sl\lf"J *-tl ~L4(e), ~L8
next semester Sl\t.Jl::>E *-!'M ~LIO
next week Sl\L.,~ 3
~L4(e), ~L6
next year SL,\tlfv
~L4(e), ~L6
nice 9'LE (tJ:) ~~ ~Ll2
Nice to meet you. J::-CJL.,<Stlt.J'L,\L.,a;:g- .l: ~
L < J:Jb/Jl1' L i-t
~G
night J::0 ~ ~H5-II, ~L6
nine t::t::O)"J 1l..-J ~L9
nine minutes E~31:l1fv 1l..- ~Ll(e)
nine o'clock
< l.J 1L~ ~Ll(e)
nine years old E~3C:L,\ 1l..f!i;. ~Ll(e)
nineteen minutes LJ~3E~31:l1fv -J-1L- ~Ll(e)
ninth day of a month, the t:: t:: O)f.J' 1L B ~ L4(e)

*~

*~

no 55fv ftL8
No. l,\l,\;t ftG
nonsmoking car i'!' fv:::tfv L.,"' ~:tf-*" ft L 1 O(e)
noon U-7a:> ~ ~7'GL9-II
north i'!'rc :lt ft L6(e)
nose ld:tcl: .P}. ft L?(e)
not ... anything tJ:IL:ti +negative fort ftL?
not at all iffviffv +negative '.@:-ft ftL3
Not at all. l,\l,\;t ftG
not busy Oil:: (tJ:) e~ ft L5
not much i!Bil::IJ +negative ftL3
notspacious ttil::l\ ~\' ftL12
Not to worry. rel' LJ c1:: 5 ,3;
ft L5
not ... yet a::rc +negative ftL8
notebook ./ - 1-- ft L2
nothing in particular A;-:JIL: + negative z1J 1:
ftL?
November lJ 1gJ 5 l Y51J'-:J -t- J1 ft L4(e)
now l\il:: ~ ftL1
number lcffvc 5 tlf-'5- ft L 1
number . . . -ld'.'fv ~tlf. ft L 11 (e)
nurse 1J1fvc t_, ~~lf.tifi ft L 11

one minute l\:J13\fv


-"d ftL1(e)
one o'clock l \'.5 LJ -1* ft L 1, ft L 1 (e)
one person 0-clJ
-A. ftL?
one way 1J1bh'.5 Jtit ftL10(e)
one year old l\:Jc'::l\
-~ ftL1(e)
oneself LJ13\fv 171'" ~L10-II
only ... -rci:r ftL11
open (something) 110 rill It -5 [ruJ ft L6
operation L., 1gJ lJ 1gJ -:J 'f-j;jlj- ft L 12(e)
ophthalmologist
1J'fv1J' ~&# ft L 12(e)
or -1J1ftL 10
orthopedic surgeon ttl \l:Tl \l:f1J1 !i\<%:9~f+
ftL12(e)
other side, the tlL. 5 li>J:: 7 ~n L 12-II
otorhinolaryngologist
LJU'1J' :ff~# ftL12(e)
outdoor activities 'P ') 1-- r:Y
L 11-II
over there -t:-L. ftl2
over there tlL.5 li>J: 7 ~L12-II
overtime work Ci.'fv'i'' J: 5 ~"l: ~LS-II
own (a pet) 1J'5 ffel7 [uJ ftL11

=========~@~1 =========
<::

page ""-':) ft L6
page number . . . -""-':} ft L 11 (e)
painful l\tcl\ 'llfi1'
ftL12
pants J CPY ft L 10
parcel
L.-:5-:J# 1M!. ft L5(e)
parenthesis 1J' :J;: ft L 11 (e)
park ;: 5 :::tfv ~Ill ft L4
part-time job 'PJ'1J\-{ 1-- ftL4
party J\-7--rftL8
pay ld:55 ;fld [u] ftL10
pen ""::.; ftL2, ftL2(e)
pencil :::tfvU'-:J ,HJ ft L2, ft L2(e)
people OcU'c J..k ~L12-rr
... people -LJfv ~A. ftL1
perform ~0 [u] ftL5
person 0 c A. ft L4
personal computer J\'f~::.; ftL6
photograph L.,"' t_,fv ~$ ftL4
physician tcl:l \1J' i*J# ft L 12(e)
piano 1::7' ./ ftL9
picture l.,-\" L.,fv ~$ ftL4
pink !::::.;? ft L9(e)
pitiful 1J'bl \-'f5 (tcl:) ~H12-II
pizza C:-t:f ~n L6- III, ft L9
place cL.0 i'Jf ftL8
place of origin (IL: 00 ft L?

*1:..*

obstetrician and gynecologist


fv131 lJ fv1J'
&J!\lf!..# ftl12(e)
occupation L.,cc f:lJ. ftL1, ftL8
o'clock -LJ ~1* ftL1
October lJ fgJ 51J'-:J -t ,Fl ft L4(e)
of course ti'.50fv ftL?
office worker 1J1l,\l.,"1"l\fv
~:fJ'l. ftL1, ftL8
often J: < ft L3
okay ** ft L 11
old (thing) 131:@l\
-ti' ftL5
old man SlJl\C::fv ftL?
old woman Sld'.'i!BC::fv ftL?
olderbrother SIL:l\C::fv
}).JL~A, ftL1,ftL7
older sister Stcl:::t <:: fv }):$ ~ ;.._ ft L 1, ft L?
(my) older sister tcl :$ ft L?
on 5:::t .l; ftL4
on foot 0l 'c :!);; 1 -r ft L 10
(be)ontheheavyside
131C:Jcl\*9
f\...,-z1,
i-t ftL?
once a year lY5tlfulL:lY5C: -st-1:-oc
~nL 12-n
once upon a time tl1J1L.,tl1J1L.,
{fk
~7'GL10-II
one Oc-:J _., ftL9
one . . . i!B7a:>- ~ L12-II
one hour l\'.5LJ1J1fv -1*f\fl ftL4

~n

platform ;t- L: ~ L 1 O(e)


play 't-131 ~.;: [u] ~L6
play (a string instrument or piano)
[u]

D<

Please. C:3-t' ftL2


... , please. (~~) Stl1.J'l'G*9
ftl2
Please give me...
(~~) <tc~l\
ftL2
Please go and come back. l\::>-CS::> Lt>l\
P.M.

5lli <

~L9

CC

"H&

ftG

... points ~T.fv ~,./'!, ftL11


police officer 11l \~"J1J'fv
!f*W ft L 11
polite expression T.l \tll \tcf.l \l, \1.J1t.:: -r \ 't1 \'
"'.i.'t\'~ ftL11(e)
politics ttl\lJ ilJc.5~ ftL1, ftL12
poor at . . . <tt: (tJ.) T-t- ft L8
popular IL:fv't'1.J'0 A.~'vi';t, 6 [uJ ft L9
pork cutlet C.fvfJ'"J ftl2
post office l\ll 3 LJ fv't' J; < ~'if. l6J ft L2
postal stamps 'Q' "::> <:. -W-t- ft L5, ft L5(e)
postcard ld:1.J''t' ~-. ft L5, ft L5(e)
practice t1fv L ~ 3 9 0 *l~ -t 6 [irr.J ft L 10
present 7LrJZ'::.; l- ftl12
president of a company Gt> !5 J; 3 i-~ ftL 11
president of a country tel \c 5 t) J; 5 *!Vt~~
ftL11

[ru]

~6

put on (glasses)
(litl1.J'tl~) 1J'l10 [ruJ ftL7
put on (items below your waist) Id:( [ul ftL7
put (a hat) on a person's head 1.J113\tt0 [ruJ
~L10-II

~~~==:{@): : :=1 ~~=====

rain litl JifJ ftL8


(it) rains litl1.J'1310

JifJH~6 [u] ftL8

read ct<G ~t; [u] ftL3


(be) realized 1.J1tJ.5 [u] ~l'GL12-II
Really? 1a:fvc3c91.J1 *~T-tn' ftL6
red 1.J'l' i/f;1' ~L9, ftL9(e)
registered mail 1.J1'Q'C.litl
ftL5(e)
reply (S)"-fvlJ
(};)~*
~l'GL11-II
reservation ct~< -fk8 ftL10
reserved seat L T.l \tt'Q' ~i'i;t/,j'; ft L 1 O(e)
rest ~9<G ttt; [u] ftL6
restaurant l./::Z t--5/
ftL4
restroom S-CSl\ t?-'f-iJI;\' ftL 12
restroom t---1' I/ ft L2
return 1.)1;'{_0 ~6 [u] ftL3
return(athing)
1.)1;'{_9 ~-t[u]
~L6
rice cld:fv
ftL4
rice cake (S) ti !5 ~ L 10-II
rich person (S) 1.J1tlti!5
Ct?) ~Mt, ftl10
ride 0)0
[u] ftL5
right #'!'' :It; ft L4
... , right?
~ c L., J; 5 ft L 12
right away 9<: ~L6
right side #7!'1.J'b :{;fJliJ ft L6(e)
river 1.J1b Jll ft L 11
room "-~ ~B~ ftL5
roommate J[;- b.;J.- l- ft L 11
round trip S5131< :/i1Jt ftL10(e)

=~

*6

~~~==\@l===1

ftL7

quarrel 11fv1.J190 [irr.] ft L 11


question
L "J=!:ifv 1Hai ft L 11 (e)
questionnaire
7'/'J"- l- ~l'GL8-II
quiet G 9"1.J1 (tJ.) ~n' ft L5
quit ~litl0 [ru] ft L 11

-.w

ftl1

probably t.::i31fv 'Y~ ftL12


probably ~cLJ:5 ftL12
Professor ...
ttfvttl\ 7\:;:i. ftL1
pronunciation ld:"Jd:lfv #:if ft L 11 (e)
purple <GS~'Q' ~ ~L9(e)
put on (a hat) 1.)11310 [u] ft L7
put on (clothes above your waist) 't'0

~~~

sad 1.JltJ.L.,l,\ ~.L\\


~l'GL10-II
sake (S) ~11 (};) 5!li ft L3
Saturday C:ct5LJ BiB ftL3, ftL4(e)
say l\5 7 [u] ftL8
school 1.J' "::> L. 5 #iX ft L3
science 1.J'1.J' < ## ft L 1
sea 5# !Iii: ftL5
season 't'tt"J
ft L 1 o
second 131t.::"Jlitl .=.-:> El ft L6(e)
second day of a month, the 1301.J' z: B

*~

ftL4(e)

secondly "J'i''1<: ;x1: ~L8-II


see #0 .Jt6 [ru] ftL3
see (a person) 5 4k 7 [u] ft L4
sell 50 1[;6 [u] ~L10-II
separate b1.J1t10 $'];ft 6 [ru] ft L 12
September
< 1.J'"J jz_, ~ ft L4(e)
serious *lJlitl(tJ.) ~L12-II
serving ... areas ~1a:5/itlfv ~~iii ftL10(e)
seven tJ.tJ."J -C-:> ftL9

s
seven minutes tf.tf.131fv -!::',,'" ~ L 1 (e)
seven o'clock L!JIJ -cat ~L1(e)
sevenyearsold tcJ:tJZl\ -!::~ ~L1(e)
seventeen minutes t_:; ~ 51Cl:tJ131fv +-c--B- ~L 1 (e)
seventh day of a month, the 1;f.O)fJ1 -!:: B ~L4(e)
Shinkansen LfvfJ1fvtfv ~~~ ~ L 1 o
ship 131tl !IY.i ~ L 10
shirt :/i7'Y ~L10
shoes < "J It ~L2
shop lcl'.'l \-C fv ?tr.5 ~ L 1 O(e)
shop #t r.5 ~L4-III
shopping fJ1l \t,O) 1l'. 1 'qw ft L4
short (length) # lJ 1J1l \ ~ 1 ' ft L?
short (stature) ttJ't)(l\
1f'-&<16;1'
ftL?
shoulder
1J1tc ~ ~L?(e)
show (someone) around fvtJl,\90
$.l*J-t
6 [irr.] ~li:L9-II
shower Yi7':7- ftL6
shrine lJfvlJ~ #of. ftL11
sickness rJ J: 5 i! ~~ ft L9, ft L 12(e)
silver i'!'fvl\0 R~ ftL9(e)
silver :/Jl;J\ftL9(e)
simple
1J1fvtcfv (tJ) flll.lji. ft L 10
sing 5tc5 ~ 7 [u] ftL?
singer 1J1L~
~-'f- ftL11
sit down 9b0
li6 [u] ftL6
six <G ::i "J 7'-:> ft L9
six minutes o::i13\fv 7'-B' ftL1(e)

""*

sixo'clock
o<IJ
ftL1(e)
six years old 0 < Zl \ 7"~ ft L 1 (e)
sixteen minutes
IJ~50::i13\fv
+7'-B- ftL1(e)
sixth day of a month, the <Gl\1J1 7'8 ~L4(e)
ski A.=\=-- ftL9
skillful
lJJ:59"(tJ) .l.-'f- ftL8
sky, the -Cfv 'ft.. ~L12-II
sleep tl0 .'llt6 [ru] ftL3
sleepy tl<Gl \ H~' ' ft L 1 o
slow <Df:l\ 1!1' ftL10
slowly ~::i < t) ~L6
small !Jl\Zl\
1J".:'' ftL5
smart il5tca::1J'l'l' iiJi:-&<1 'I' ftL?
smoke tclcl'.'<::~95 f:lf:: ~'3,ll 7 [u] ftL6
snack Ceo) tJ1 L (;J:;) :Jit-T ft L 11
snow ~i! ~ ~L10-II, ftL12
so tC.1J1 5 ft L4
sober a::IJIV(tf.)
~L12-II
soccer -t:t 'Y 1J- ft L 1 o
something tJl<::1J1 Mn' ftL8

sometimes
C::i!C'i! atk ftL3
song 5tc ~ ftL?
so-so a::a::il5 ftL11
south #tf.# i*'i ft L6(e)
souvenir (CO) #t>l1' CJ?)&
ftL4
spa <Dfvtfv ;R ~L11
speak lcl:tJ9 ~-t [u] ftL3
special delivery
f: < tr '!ii
ft L5(e)
spend time pleasantly il5f:131 Jtt.;: [ul ft L6
sports A.;t{-'Y ft L3
spring lcl::Q {!;. ft L 1 o
stairs 1J1l\tcfv
fl\'~ ftL10(e)
stand ld'.l\-Cfv ?tr.5 ftL10(e)
stand up tr: iL-:> [u] ft L6
standard Japanese 0 J: 5 lJ ~fvc
~i:J!'Eftl11 (e)

stare(at) IJ01J0#0
L:..Z,L:..Z,JB[ru]
ftL8
station xi! AA ~ L6-I, ft L 1 o
stay(atahotel,etc.)
e:a::0 58i6[u] ftL10
stays at...
l,\:Q [ru] ftL4
stomach <DtJ1J1 ft L?(e), ft L 12
store di tt r.5
L4-m
straight a::::i9<: ftL6(e), ~H6-I
stress A. I' L/ A.
L8-II
strip of fancy paper tcfvei.'( ~H 12-II
student tJ'<il\
#:i. ftL1
student discount tJ' < b t) #~J ft L 1 O(e)
study A:fvi! J: 5 9 0 )fa 71-t 6 [irr.] ft L3
study abroad t) ~ 51J'< 90 Wff#-t 6 [irr.J

~n

~n

ftL 11

subway !51J1-C"J :ftllr~ ft L 10


summer tJ"J ~ ft L8
Sunday 1<::!5~5r.J
BBIB
ftL3, ~L4(e)
sunny weather lcl::fl BJi';ft ft L 12
super express C:: ::ii!~ 5 ff,~ ft L 1 O(e)
supermarket A.-J'I.- ftL4
surface mail 131tJr.Jfv !Ir.if~ ftL5(e)
surfing -t:t- 7 4:.; ft L5
surgeon lf1J1 ?'~# ft L 12(e)
(be) surprised a ::i < t) 9 0 [irr.] ~ L 10-II
sushi 9L ftL10
Sweden A. 9 I -''f-':.; ft L 1
sweet *l' tt1, ftL12
sweet bun Ceo) a::fv lJ ~ 5 ~ L4-III
sweets (CO) 1J1 L ( J?) :Jit-T ft L 11
swim <D~ <: 571<. < [u] ft L5

==================l(!))=:::1~~~
tailend
l.,Y~!d:'fv5L.,0 -iJH~.; ~L10(e)
take(aclass)
C.0 JfX.6[uJ
~L7-II,~L11
take (a picture) C.0 :!l6 [uJ ~L4
take(athing) ti:>L."l\<
#...,-z11< [u] ~LB
take (amount of time/money) tJ1tJ10 [uJ ~L 1 o
take a bath (cB) 1310!<::lcl:l\0
(t?) Jil.g 1:A.6 [ul
~L6

take a shower
6 [ul

Sli7'J-%Cl5U'0

:/-1-

'7-f%U

~L6

take a walk ~ 1v1a;9 0 i&:Jf<-t 6 [irr.] ~ L9


Take care. clcl:, Sl:ffv'1!c Ti;J:, J?7tln. T
take care of oneself
f""Jlt6

[ru]

1J15/cl<::'1!%-:::Jl10

~L5-II
1*1:)n.

~L7-II

take medicine <91J%0)<tJ ~Hl:.t; [u] ~L9


take off C.0 [u] ~L10-II
talk lcl:tci:9 ~-t [u] ~L3
tall (stature) tttJ'ictJ'l \ 'lfn'~ 1' ~ L7
teach SL.,;t0 ~B.6 [ru] ~L6
teacher ttfvttl\
7!;:'3:. ~L1
telephone c !vb 'It~ ~ L 1
tellalie
5T%-:::J<[u]
~L11
= '8
temperature (weather) '1!Sfv :;(\).mt
~L12
temple (cB) L." 5 o 4- ~ L4
tempura L."fvi"515 ~.;:i:, ~L10
ten C::S + ~L9
ten minutes
LJ~:>13\fv/l.J:>13\fv
+'Ji" ~L1(e)
teno'clock
LJ~5LJ
+Efif ~L1(e)
ten years old LJ~:>~l\/l.J:>~l\
+~ ~L1(e)
tennis 7=:: z. ~L3
tenth day of a month, the c S1J1 + B ~ L4(e)
test TA l- ~L5
textbook '1! J:: 51J1 L., J:: ~#tf ~ L6
Thank you. Cl51JtJ'c5/Cl51JtJ'C.522''L,\3;9
~G
Thank you. C:5ti ~L2
Thank you for the meal. (after eating) 25T5
~a; (cL.,/c) ~G
Thank you for the meal. (before eating) l \/c/c
'1!3;9 ~G
that...
TOJ ~L2
that ... (over there) OJ ~ L2
that one Tfl ~ L2
that one (over there) fl ~ L2
That would be fine. 11 :> L. 5 c9 l\t~ T-t ~ L6
That wouldn't be necessary. 11:> L. 5c9
l\t
~T-t ~L6

That's right. T 5 c9 ~ L 1
That's right. T5c9td ~L3
That's too bad. 2''fvtdfv (c9td)

~$ (T-t t:i)
~LB

then...
I.Jr.> ~L2
there TL. ~L2
therearemany ...
SSL,\ y\'
~L12
there is . . . 0 [u] ~ L4
therefore /ctJ15 ~ L4
thermometer
/cl \Sfvl1l \ -l*i,\i\tt ~ L 12(e)
these days L.0)20 ~L10
thin t>ttcl\3;9
~L7
thing (concrete object) t,O) tw ~ L 12
things L.c ~H1HI
think Sti5
,w, 7 [uJ ~LB
third day of a month, the #:>D' .:::. B ~L4(e)
(become) thirsty O)ctJ'tJ'b < (!) t:'n'~ < [uJ
~L12

thirteen minutes l.J ~ 5 ~ fv131fv + .:=.'J:I'" ~L 1 (e)


thirty minutes ~fvl.J~:>13\fv/~fvl.J:>13\fv

.:::.+'J:I'"

~L1(e)

this. . . L.O) ~L2


this month L.fvlf'-:::i ~fl ~L4(e), ~LB
this morning 11~ ~:ilJ ~LB
this one L. fl ~ L2
this person (polite) L. 15 5 ~ L 11
this semester L.fvtJ':>'1! ~$Jtll ~ L 11
this week L.fvL.,~3
~:i!l ~L4(e), ~L6
this year L. c L., ~~ ~ L4(e), ~ L 1 O
three #:>-:::l _:::...., ~L9
three minutes ~ fv13\fv .:=.'J:I'" ~ L 1 (e)
three o'clock ~fvl.J .:::.EF!f ~L1(e)
three years old ~fv~L,\ .:::.~ ~L1(e)
throat OJC: ~ L 12
throw away 9<:."0 t~T 6 [nil ~LB
Thursday ti< cl:: 5 U' :;t-.81 B ~ L4, ~ L4(e)
ticket '1! :> ,3; t;Jz;t ~ L5
(boarding) ticket LJ c1; 5 l.;r.>l:tfv
L 10(e)
ticket vending area '1!:>1315 fJ Id:' t;Jz;t1[; 1J ~

**~ ~

~L10(e)

till (a time) ~a;-c ~ L5


(be)tired -:::itJ1flL."l\0
~n"l1'6
~HS-II
(get) tired -:::J1J1fl0
~it 6 [nil ~ L 11
to (a place) ~a;-c ~ L5
today '1! J:: 5 ~ B ~ L3, ~ L4(e)
together l\:> l..,J::!L: -~1:
~L5
together with (a person) ~c. ~ L4
toilet
t---1 l..l ~ L2

tomato r- -x l- ft LS
tomorrow l_., re B}l B ft L3, ft L4(e)
tonight L.fvl"J.'fv ~s)E ftL3
tooth Id: 1\l!i" ftL7(e), ftl12
tough (situation) rc.1, '"-Iv (tJ.) *-~ ~)'G L5-II, ft L6
town *-S lllJ ft L4
toy <Dti-St-> ftL11
track number . . . ~l"J.'fvttfv ~'!lf#JR. ft L 1 O(e)
traditional Japanese theatrical art tJ'i'S\'t: liX.

n*-

ftL9

traffic light l_.,fv25 1~ ftL6(e)


train cfvl_.,t-> 11!:.J!l. ftL6
1)
transfer (!) fJ 1J1;{
:J!lut ft L1 O(e)
travel fJ J; L. 5 *it ft L5
travel fJ J; L. 5 9 0 *1t-t 6 [irr.J ft L 10
T-shirt T :;'17'.Y ftl2
Tuesday 1J1J::.5lJ kBIB ftL4, ftL4(e)
turn (right/left) *1J'0 i!Hf.i< 6 [u] ft L6(e)
turn off 119 5iH [u] ftL6
turn on "Jl:t0 [ru] ftL6
TV :TLtt:' ftL3
twelve minutes lJ1W51:131fv -t-=-'JJ- ftL1(e)
twelve o'clock lJ!W51:LJ -t-=-* ftL1(e)
twentieth day of a month, the ld:-:::>1J1 =--t- B

ftL4(e)

twenty minutes
-'n'"

1:LJ1W:i13\fv/l:LJ:i13\fv

=--t-

ftL1(e)

twenty years old lcl:t.:5 .::.-t-,!l ft L 1 (e)


twenty-fourth day of a month, the 1: LJ !W 5 J::. :i

tJ1 =--t-e9

ft L4(e)

two 131tc-:::> .::.--:i ftL9


two minutes 1:131/-v .::.-;,'- ft L1 (e)
two months ago t:tJllj'-:::>*;{ .=.n'f1WT ftL4(e)
two o'clock 1: lJ =-* ft L 1 (e)
two people 131tc fJ z.i: ft L7
two people each 131tc fJ 9'-:::> z.); -f--:i ftL 11 (e)
two weeks ago 1:1_.,1W51J1fv*;{ =-~Mwr
ftL4(e)

two years old

1:~1,,' =-tl

uh-huh 5fv ftLS


uh-uh 55/-v ftLS
um . . . i!B(l) ft L 1
umbrella 1J1~
ftl2
under 1_.,rc r ftL4
understand b1J10 [u] ftL4
unhurriedly IW :i < fJ ft L6

ft L1 (e)

*'*

university rc.1,,'tJ'<
ftL1
U.S.A. 7'.)('J/J ftL1, ftl2
use -:::>1J15 ~ 7 [u] ftL6
usually tci,,YL"i,,\ ftL3

~~~===1(J)E=1~~=========
various i,,\ol,,\o (tJ.) ~L9-II
vegetable t'~i,,' Jf~ ft L2
very C:L'ti ftL5
very fond of rc.1,,,97' (ta:) *-lif~ ftL5
very soon ti39(' ftL12
vocabulary tcfvc Jl!w ftL9
voice L. ;{ 1J ~)'G L 1 0- II

~~~===1@E=1==================~
wait *-:::> ffl--:i [u] ftL4
walk 0< ~ < [u] ftL12
wallet ~ 1,, ,,3, Jtt:iil ft L2
warm tctc1J11,,' B!f.l'\' ft L 1 o
wash 55 57\';-j [u] ftLS
watch C:l:Ti,,\ *tt ftL2
watch #0 JL6 [ru] ftL3
water #9' 7.)<. ftL3
we bkl_.,k"S ~~~ ~L12~
weather L' fv't: ~YI. ft L5
weather forecast L' fv't:J::.la; 5 ~YI. -f'* ft LS
weave ld:t.:%<50 llto ~~6 [u] ~7'GL12-II
Wednesday 91,, \J::. 3 lJ 7.)<.81 B ft L4, ft L4(e)
week after next, the ~ 51,,' t_, !W 5 .Jlt:JR~ ftL4(e)
weekend t_, !W 5 *-:::>
ft L3
Welcome (to our store). 1,,' 5:it_,t->1,,
ft L2
Welcome home. <51J1;{fJ (tJ.~i,,\) ftG
west 1: t_, iffi ft L6(e)
what tJfv/tJI: M ftL1
what kind of . . . C.fvtJ. ft L5
when 1,,0 ftL3
when . . . C: 't:
ft L4
where C. L. ft L2
which C.-S 5 I C. :i 5 ft L 1 o
which . . . eo: ft L2
which one c.n ft L2
white t_,C,i,,\ 81' ftL9, ftL9(e)
who rc.n ft L2
why C.51_., L' ftL4
window * C. %S ft L2(e), ft L6
wine '7-1::; ~)'G L6-III
winter 1311W ~ ft LS
wish td1J'i,,' Ill\,
~7'GL12-II

~*

'*ii

w
with (a tool) ~c :l?i:L10
woman Sfvt;J. -k ~l'CL11-II
woman SfvtJ.OX.Yc -!;;(!) J.. 2?i: L7
word tc.fv 2 .lfl."IB 2?i: L9
work
Lc'C f$ :l?i:L1, :l?i:LS
work ld:tc. 5 < 1t& < [u] 2?i: L 11
work for -:::>c<i!.l0 fh//) 6 [ruJ 2?i: L7
world tt1J'l' ilt rf. 2?i: L 1 o
worry
Lfvlcl'.l)90
.-:.:11c.-t6 [irr.J :Z?i:L12
write 1J'( :l: < [u] :l?i:L4
writer C!.--:J 1J' 1'* 2?i: L 11
wrong ( x ) let'-:::> 2?i: L 11 (e)

=========~F' =========
X-ray

LO l--7'Y

2?i: L 12(e)

==========i:(J))=:::1 =========
year

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2?i: L4(e)
year before last, the Sc c L 2?i: L4(e)
... year student ~;fdfvttl)
~~:i. :l?i:L1
. , . years ~;fdfv ~~ :l?i:L10
... years old ~C!.l) ~11;. :l?i:L1,:l?i:L1(e)
yellow
~l)0l,)
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... yen ~~Iv ~P'J :l?i:L2
yes 5fv :l?i:LS
yes ~~ :Z?i:L1
yes lcj:l,) :l?i:L1
yesterday
~0)5 B'fB :l?i:L4, :Z?i:L4(e)
you tJ.tc. :l?i:L4
young b1J'l'
:Z?i:L9
younger brother Sc5c (C!.fv) #>(-'.'!Iv)
:l?i:L1, :l?i:L7
younger sister
l)ti5c
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380

~*

~Numbers
l:J'9'

regular

h- p

h- p/b

\ \ t;

\ \ "? p

\ \ "? p

1:

~ ,.<_,

J:

,.<_,

.; <

fJ_' fJ_'

(it;

~ r)J -)

how
many

J:

J:

(\\-_,)

\ \ "?

-;

10

Lt;

<

yen

,,,

(ti"? p)

(i "? p

( (i "?)

(i "?

"? p
"? p

r)J

p
,-._,fl

month

I:

"'*

o'clock
I: -/)',\,

"'*M
hours

il,\,

.\.,\,

,-._,-

,-._,7t

year

minute

'""""'""
"'-M
years
IC,\,

,-._, ;;jX_

,-..,).._

sheets

people

t"

.; "?

1)t?

,-._, p:j

(.; -..,)

<

fJ_' ,.<_,

;._;,.,

.; "? p

Lt;

r)J -)

"' F it,.
dollars

.; "? p

},,,\,-/)'/"

"'7tM

minutes

"? p
"? p

r)J

"'*
,-._,#

,-._,;-f:,;f
pounds

sticks
tr v-

cups
oe.

,-._, Il1
animals
l}.o;>

;j',(,

r-._,7j

ten
thousand

page

,-._,~'fl

months
,-._,~

"'

lesson
t'\'

r-._,@)

times

<

"'B

ten

"?
"?

r)J

lf-o

"'""'-:)

hundred

19J ~)

(i/v

degrees
t

"?
"?

r)J

,-._, ]jt

"'T

,-._,~

small
items

~ .. 381

This chart shows how sounds in numbers (1-10) and counters change
according to their combination.
1. Hiragana indicate the sound changes in numbers, and alphabets
show the changes in the initial consonant of counters.
2. ( ) means that the change is optional.
3. An empty box means no sound change occurs.

k-+g
\

-:)

s-+z

s
\

-:)

.;

-:)

special vacabulary
for numbers

t
\

-:)

-:)

I ;J: -::i

I ;J: -::i

li-::i

I ;J: -::i

lj'(.-J

"')

l: rp -::i
L-::i

l: rp -::i
l: -::i

I;'\\

"'~~

"'-1: /

floor

cents

It/"

l: rp -::i
L-::i

L~'i 1;/v

1--

""<
"'~
shoes
tl:/v

,),-Ji.I'

h. -::i -J

h.-::i I.I'

J: -:) "')

J: -:) I.I'

\''Ji.I'

\ "')

"')

t; -:) "')

t; \ \I.I'

fJ..' fJ..' "')

fJ..' tJ)

-\"'

-:)

"-'ii
letters
td"'

"-'f-

"'T

houses

weeks

thousand

street
address

books

~,,

"'Jk.

years
of age

t};

,;, f::. ')

..':
..':

I.I'

I.I'

small items
years of age

cf. Ii f: t, cf. Ltj)-JJ:...,77'


(14)
(20 years old)
ti'"Jn'
(20)

1:LtjJ-)J:...,7J'
(24)

-t.:,.<.,1:t,
(how many)

6
7

10
how
many

~
date

0-j

"'~M
"'1llt

t};

I.I'

.; .; tJ)

lj '(_I)

J: -) I.I'

"')

\\<"')

"-'ff

~-'.)

t: -t;

.i- f::. "')

:::: :::: tJ) "')

l: rp -::i
L -::i

\ I

people
l:k

cf. "'A.
(three or more
people)

382

~*
u g a t

verb
types

long forms

te-forms

(masu)
(L.3)

short
past

short
present neg.

short
past neg.

(L.6)

(L.9)

(L.8)

(L.9)

-96

L i-9

-r

L f:

LfJ.,,

L fJ. iJ, -> t:

< 6

~ i-9

~ -r

~ t.

=fJ.'\\

= fJ. i;'

ru

f:""" -6

'"'-' i-9

'"'-' -r

'"'-' t:

""'fJ.'\ \

'"'-' fJ. iJ' -:) t:

iJ' - 7

"'''ii"

'"'-' -:) -r

'"'-' -:) t:

'"'-'hfJ.'\ \

'"'-' ;b fJ.iJ'-:>

;t-:>

'"'-'i;i-9

'"'-' -:>

-r

'"'-' -:>

t:

'"'-' t: fJ. \ \

'"'-' t: fJ.iJ'-:> t:

t:

'"'-' ') i-9

'"'-' -:>

-r

'"'-' -:>

t:

""'GfJ.,,

""' G fJ.iJ'

-:i

<h6
-

'"'-' ') i-9

'"'-' -:>

-r

'"'-' -:>

t.

*fJ.'\\

* fJ.iJ'

t:

.J:

'"'-'h-i-9

"'Iv T

'"'-'Iv t:

'"'-'ifJ.'\\

'"'-' i fJ. iJ'-:> t.

'"'-'rli-9

"'Iv T

'"'-'Iv t:

'"'-'(f'fJ.'\ \

""'I :ffJ. iJ'-> t.

=s;:

'"'-'Iv t:

""'fJ.fJ.'\\

'"'-' fJ. fJ. i;'

-:>

f:

-:>

t.

irr.
irr.

dictionary
forms

C h a r t

o n

--

--

;t;

t:

-:)

-:>

t:

t:

<h -t -,;:

L -&'J

"'I:

iJ' - <

'"'-'~ii"

'"'-' \ \ -r

'"'-' \ \ t:

'"'-'iJ'fJ.'\ \

'"'-' iJ' fJ. iJ'

\ \-<

'"'-'~ii"

*'"'-'-:i"Z

* '"'-' -:) f:

'"'-'iJ'fJ.'\\

'"'-' iJ' fJ. iJ'-:> t.

\\-f('

'"'-'~':t-9

'"'-'

""("

'"'-'\ \ t:

'"'-'fJ{fJ.'\\

'"'-' i;{fJ. iJ'-:> T:

(;!: fJ.-9

""'Li-9

""'L

-r

""'L t.

'"'-'~fJ.'\\

'"'-' ~ fJ. iJ'-:> t.

The forms with

* are exceptions.

i-9

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