BANSALCLASSES

TARGET IIT JEE 2007

I
N
O
R
G
A
N
I
C
C
H
E
M
I
S
T
R
Y
XII(ABCD) & XIII(XYZ)

HEATING EFFECTS

HEATING EFFECTS
Heating effect of carbonate & bicarbonate salts
All carbonates except (Na, K, Rb, Cs) decompose on heating giving CO2
Li2CO3 Li2O + CO2
MCO3 MO + CO2 [M = Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba]
1
Ag 2CO 3 2Ag + CO2 + O2
2
Black
Yellow

Cu (OH) 2 .CuCO 3

2CuO + CO2 + H2O

Basic Cu ( II) carbonate

ZnCO 3 ZnO

Yellow ( hot )
white ( cold )

white

+ CO2

C
PbO + CO 2PbCO 3.Pb(OH ) 2 450

Pb 3O 4 CO CO 2 H 2O
PbCO3 Yellow
2

White

1
O + CO2
2 2
(NH4)2CO3 2NH3 + H2O + CO2

HgCO3 Hg +

All bicarbonates decompose to give carbonates and CO2. eg.

2NaHCO3 Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O

[General reaction 2HCO3 CO32 +H2O + CO2]

Heating effect of ammonium salts
(NH4)2Cr2O7 N2 + Cr2O3 + 4H2O
NH4NO2 N2 + 2H2O
NH4NO3 N2O + 2H2O
2NH4 ClO4 N2 + Cl2 + 2O2 + 4H2O
2NH4 IO3 N2 + I2 + O2 + 4H2O
[If anionic part is oxdising in nature, then N2 will be the product (some times N2O).]
(NH4)2HPO4 HPO3 + H2O + 2NH3
(NH4)2SO4 NH3 + H2SO4
2(NH3)3PO4 2NH3 + P2O5 + 3H2O
(NH4)2CO3 2NH3 + H2O + CO2
[If anionic part weakly oxidising or non oxidising in nature then NH3 will be the product.]
Heating effect of nitrate salts
1
MNO3 KNO2 + O2
2
[M = Na, K, Rb, Cs]
1
O
2 2
2M(NO3)2 2MO + 4NO2 + O2
[M = all bivalent metals eg. Zn+2, Mg+2, Sr+2, Ca+2, Ba+2, Cu+2, Pb+2]
Hg(NO3)2 Hg + 2NO2 + O2
;
2AgNO3 2Ag + 2NO2 + O2

2LiNO3 Li2O + 2NO2 +

Heating effect of Halides salts

2FeCl3 2FeCl2 + Cl2
;
Hg2Cl2 HgCl2 + Hg
;
Pb(SCN)4 Pb(SCN)2 + (SCN)2

Bansal Classes

AuCl3 AuCl + Cl2

NH4Cl NH3 + HCl

Heating Effects

[2]

PbCl4 PbCl2 + Cl2 [PbBr2 PbBr2 + Br2 & PbI4 does not exists]
Heating effect of hydrated chloride salts

MgO + 2HCl + 5H2O

MgCl2 . 6H2O
2FeCl3 . 6H2O Fe2O3 + 6HCl + 9H2O
2AlCl3 . 6H2O Al2O3 + 6HCl + 9H2O
50C

C
C
CoCl 2 .6H 2 O CoCl2 .4H 2O 58

CoCl 2 .2H 2O 140

CoCl 2
2 H 2O

Pink

2 H 2O

Pink

2 H 2O

Red violet

Blue

Heating effect of hydrated Sulphate salts

C
C
1
800C
CuSO4 .5H 2O 100

CuSO 4 .H 2O 220

CuSO 4

CuO
+
SO
+
O
2
Blue vitriol
4 H 2O
H 2O
White
Bluish White
2 2
CuO + SO3
Black

300C

FeSO 4 .7 H 2 O FeSO4
Fe2SO3 + SO2 + SO3 (very important)
7 H O

Green Vitriol

Fe2(SO4)3
Fe2O3 + 3SO3

MgSO 4 .7 H 2 O
MgSO4 [Same as ZnSO4 ]
epsom salt

7 H 2O

1
1
C
CaSO4 .2H 2O 120

(CaSO4. 2 H2O) +1 2 H2O

gypsum
Plaster of pairs
1
CaSO 4 + 2 H2O
Dead burnt

CaSO4 .2H 2O
220C

Na2S2O3.5H2O Na2S2O3 + 5H2O

3Na2SO4 + Na2S5.
C
200C
200C
ZnSO4.7H2O 70

ZnSO4.6H2O 70

ZnSO4.H2O

ZnSO4

ZnO + SO2 +
2NaHSO3

1
O
2 2

2NaHSO4
Na2SO4 + H2O + SO3
Heating effect of Oxide salts

2Ag2O
4Ag + O2

300C

PbO2 PbO +

yellow

1
O
2 2

1
O
2 2

Pb 3O 4

red

heating

1
O
2 2

6PbO + O2
Litharge

ZnO

ZnO

white

yellow

3
C
2CrO3 420

Cr2O3 + 2 O2

Bansal Classes

400C

Red lead

C
3MnO2 900

Mn3O4 + O2

2CrO5 Cr2O3 +

HgO
HgO
strong Hg +

PbO

PbO

yellow

Red

(Massicot)
;

(Litharge)
5
I2O5 I2 + O2
2

Heating Effects

[3]

Heating effect of dichromate & chromate salts

N2 + Cr2O3 + 4H2O
(NH4)2Cr2O7
7

K2Cr2O7
2K2CrO4 + Cr2O3 + O2
2
Heating effect of phosphate salts

NaH2PO4
H2O + NaPO3
1 phosphate salt

Na2HPO4
H2O + Na2P2O7

2 phosphate salt

Na3PO4
No effect

3 phosphate salt

temp.
Na(NH4)HPO4.4H2O NaNH4HPO4 High

NaPO3 + NH3 + H2O

4H O
2

2Mg(NH4)PO4
Mg2P2O7 + 2NH3 + H2O
Heating effect of Acids
1

2HNO3 H2O + 2NO2 + O2

2
444C
H2SO4 H2O + SO3

1
O
2 2
3H2SO3 2H2SO4 + S + H2O
3HNO2 HNO3 + 2NO + H2O
HClO3 HClO4 + ClO2 + H2O
3HOCl 2HCl +HClO3
800C
H2SO4

H2O + SO2 +

4H3PO3 3H3PO4 + PH3

200C

2H3PO2 H3PO4 + PH3

2NaH2PO2 Na2HPO4 + PH3
C
C
320C
H3PO4 220

H4P2O7 320

4HPO3

2P2O5 + 2H2O
C
C
2B O + H O
H3BO3 100

4HBO2 140

H2B4O7
2 3
2
hot

Re d

H2C2O4
H2O + CO + CO2
Heating effects of acetate, formate, oxalate salts

CH3CO2K
K2CO3 + CH3COCH3

Na2C2O4 Na2CO3 + CO

PbO + CO2 + CH3COCH3

Pb(OAc)2
Mg(OAc)2 MgO + CO2 + CH3COCH3

SnC2O4
SnO + CO2 + CO
FeC2O4 FeO + CO + CO2

Be(OAc)2 BeO + CO2 + CH3COCH3

Ca(OAc)2 CaCO3 + CH3COCH3
Ba(OAc)2 BaCO3 + CH3COCH3

Ag2C2O4
2Ag + 2CO2
HgC2O4 Hg + 2CO2

C
HCO2Na 350

Na2C2O4 + H2

2HCOOAg
HCOOH + 2Ag + CO2
(HCOO)2Hg HCOOH + Hg + CO2

Bansal Classes

Heating Effects

[4]