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I. Define Population
A population is a summation of all the organisms of the same group or species
which live in a particular geographical area and have the capability of
interbreeding. The Latin word populous, meaning people, gives us the
root population. Words from the Latin populous have something to do with
people. A population is the group of people living in a particular place. In the
future, the world's population is expected to peak, after which it will decline due to
economic reasons, health concerns, land exhaustion and environmental hazards.
According to one report, it is very likely that the world's population will stop
growing before the end of the 21st century.
The term birth rate could be defined as the rate at which the births take place in a
population during a particular time or period. Since it is a rate, the involvement of
time for the number of births is very important. Usually, the period is defined for a
calendar year (from 01st of January to 31st of December of a particular year).
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b) Fertility Rate
The ratio of live births in an area to the population of that area
expressed per 1000 population per year. Fertility rate is generally expressed as
the number of births per 1,000 women aged 15-44 in a calendar year. The fertility
rate varies significantly across different countries with developed nations have
low rates (1 2 or 2 3 children per female) and developing nations have high
rates with sometimes up to 7 8 children per woman.
girls; and even when the age is set at 18 years, many jurisdictions permit earlier
marriage with parental consent or in special circumstances, such as teenage
pregnancy .
Population (2011
Density (per
Sex ratio
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Census)
km)
01
Uttar Pradesh
199,581,477
828
908
02
Maharashtra
112,372,972
365
946
03
Bihar
103,804,637
1102
916
04
West Bengal
91,347,736
1029
947
05
Andhra Pradesh
84,665,533
308
992
06
Madhya Pradesh
72,597,565
236
930
07
Tamil Nadu
72,138,958
555
995
08
Rajasthan
68,621,012
201
926
09
Karnataka
61,130,704
319
968
10
Gujarat
60,383,628
308
918
11
Odisha
41,947,358
269
978
12
Kerala
33,387,677
859
1,084
13
Jharkhand
32,966,238
414
947
14
Assam
31,169,272
397
954
15
Punjab
27,704,236
550
893
16
Haryana
25,353,081
573
877
17
Chhattisgarh
25,540,196
189
991
18
12,548,926
56
883
19
Uttarakhand
10,116,752
189
963
20
Himachal Pradesh
6,856,509
123
974
21
Tripura
3,671,032
350
961
22
Meghalaya
2,964,007
132
986
23
Manipur
2,721,756
122
987
24
Nagaland
1,980,602
119
931
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25
Goa
1,457,723
394
968
26
Arunachal Pradesh
1,382,611
17
920
27
Mizoram
1,091,014
52
975
28
Sikkim
607,688
86
889
UT1
Delhi
16,753,235
9,340
866
UT2
Pondicherry
1,244,464
2,598
1,038
UT3
Chandigarh
1,054,686
9,252
818
UT4
379,944
46
878
UT5
342,853
698
775
UT6
242,911
2,169
618
UT7
Lakshadweep
64,429
2,013
946
Total
India
1,210,193,422
382
940
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Pressure on infrastructure
With the continuing growth in urban population across the globe, both public and
private sector stakeholders are coming together to develop and implement
solutions that alleviate pressures on existing infrastructure and resources while
also enhancing quality of life for urban dwellers. This study highlights steps that
are being taken by hardware and software vendors, systems integrators,
governments, and other members of the smart city eco-system in creating
sustainable solutions that effectively address challenges faced by modern day
cities.
ii.
Resource utilization
iii.
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VIII. Methodology
i. Decline in the Death Rate:
The fall in death rates that is decline in mortality rate is one fundamental causes
of overpopulation. Owing to the advancements in medicine, man has found cures
to the previously fatal diseases. The new inventions in medicine have brought in
treatments for most of the dreadful diseases. This has resulted in an increase in
the life expectancy of individuals. Mortality rate has declined leading to an
increase in population.
iii. Migration:
Immigration is a problem in some parts of the world. If the inhabitants of various
countries migrate to a particular part of the world and settle over there, the area is
bound to suffer from the ill effects of overpopulation. If the rates of emigration
from a certain nation do not match the rates of immigration to that country,
overpopulation makes its way. The country becomes overly populated.
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YEAR
POPULATION
INCREASING %
1970
3,706,618,163
20.2
1980
4,453,831,714
18.5
X. Conclusion
What will happen in 2025?
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controlling population. An educated man and woman can readily understand the
benefits of a small family.
Without sufficient education most measures like awareness campaigns and
women empowerment will prove to be insufficient and pointless. So it is
important that people understand the importance of education and educate their
children.
Family Planning:
India was the first country to adopt family planning (in 1951) as the government
sponsored programme. But after the efforts of Indian government for about 50 years,
birth rate in India has come down only slightly (only from 41.7 in 1951 to 28.3 in 1997
per 1,000 per year). This showed that voluntary family planning programme was not
very successful. In 1976, Indian government thought of introducing a programme of
compulsory sterilization which required one parent to undergo sterilization after a
couple had produced two children. But due to public resistance, this programme was
again changed to voluntary programme.
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