Chapter 5 Integrals I

Standard Integrals

( ax +b )n+1
( ax +b ) dx = ( n+1 ) a +C ,(n 1)
n

ax +b dx= a ln|ax+ b|+C

csc(ax+ b) cot ( ax +b ) dx=

b dx= lnb( b ) + C
x

sin ( ax +b ) dx=

1
cos ( ax +b )+ C
a

1
cos ( ax+ b ) dx= a sin ( ax +b )+C
1
tan(ax +b) dx= a ln|sec(ax+ b)|+ C
1
sec ( ax+b ) dx= a ln|sec ( ax+ b ) + tan ( ax+b )|+C

csc ( ax +b ) dx=

1
ln |csc ( ax +b )+ cot ( ax+ b )|+C
a

1
cot (ax+ b)dx= a ln|csc ( ax+ b )|+C
1
sec ( ax +b ) dx = a tan ( ax +b )+ C
2

1
csc (ax+ b)dx= a cot ( ax +b ) +C
2

1
sec ( ax+b ) tan ( ax+b ) dx= a sec ( ax +b )+ C

a ( x +b )

dx=sin1

a ( x +b )

dx=cos

Expression

x+ b=a sin

2
2

( x+a b )+C

a +( x+ b )

x+ b=a tan

2
2

( x +ba )+C

( x +b ) a

Type

( x +b ) + a

( x +b ) a

V ( x)

ax +b

( ax +b )2
a x 2+ bx+ c
b24 ac <0

Trigometr
ic

A
ax+ b
A
B
+
ax+ b ( ax +b )2
Ax +B
2
a x +bx +c

a3 +(b)3=(a+(b))(a2a(b)+ b2 )
Integration by Substitution

Substitute

cos

to simplify
integral

ax +b dx

u=ax+ b

tan1 ax +b dx
Algebraic

Partial Fractions

sin1 ax +b dx
1

Partial Fractions
Factors of

Inverse

dx=ln |( x +b ) + ( x+ b ) a |+C
2

Remark

lnax +b dx

mic

dx=ln|( x+ b ) + ( x +b ) + a |+C
2

Examples

Logarith

3
0 < <
2
2

f ' ( x ) g ( x ) dx=f ( x ) g ( x ) f ( x ) g' ( x ) dx

x+ b=a sec

Integration by Parts

1
1
x +b+ a
dx= ln
+C
2
2
2a
x+ ba
a ( x +b )
2

Domain

a ( x +b )
2

| |
ba
+C
1 dx= 21a ln| x+
x +b+ a |
( x+ b ) a

Substitution
2

( )

f (g ( x ) ) g' ( x ) dx= f (u ) du
Trigonometric Substitution

+C
2 1 2 dx = 1a tan1 x +b
a
a + ( x +b )

e ax +b dx= a eax+ b+C

1
csc ( ax+ b ) +C
a

Power functions

sin ax +b , cos ax +b , tan ax +b

Trigomet
ric

x a , polynomials

csc ax +b , sec ax +b ,
cot ax +b
Exponent

ial

ax+b

Trigonometric Identities Useful for

Integration

sec 2 1=tan 2

csc 1=cot

1
sin A cos A= sin 2 A
2

a x 2+ bx+ c dx A ff + B dx= A ln|f |+ B 1f dx

px+ q

1
cos 2 A= ( 1+cos 2 A )
2

1
sin 2 A= ( 1cos 2 A )
2

1
sin A cos B= [sin ( A + B ) +sin ( AB ) ]
2

1
cos A cos B= [ cos ( A+ B ) +cos ( AB ) ]
2

1
sin A sin B=
[ cos( A +B)cos( AB)]
2

1
i
f ( 1.
)
f ( x ) dx=lim

n
n n
0

i=1

2.

Force

1
n

f ( x )=a x +bx +c

2) Find

f ' ( x)

3) Find

and

B by fitting

out first

( ni )=f ( x)

i=1

Fundamental Theorem of Calculus

b

FTC
1

f (x)dx=F ( b )F (a)

FTC
2

d
f (t )dt=f ( u ( x ) ) u' ( x )f ( v ( x ) ) v ' (x )

dx v(x)

u(x)

Miscellaneous

into

px+ q
a

f (x) dx= f (ax) dx

0

lim f ( x )

g ( x)

=exp ( lim g ( x ) ln f (x ) )

Examples

f ' (0)

2x

3+ x
f ( x )=
dt
1 1+ln t

2x

( 3+ x )
1
e

with1

1+ln t

dt

2x

1
1
f ( x )=( 3+ x )
2 e 2 x +
dt
1+2 x
1 1+ ln t
'

ba
ba
lim (
f (a+ i (
)
f ( x)dx n
)
n
n )

f'

Take out term

Express as

f
b

'

A f f+ B dx= A 2 f + B 1f dx

Find exact value of

Riemann Sums

a x 2 +bx +c

dx

FTC

Chapter 6 Integrals II

px+q

1) Let

1
cos A sin B= [sin ( A + B )sin ( AB ) ]
2

'

1
f ( 0 )=3 2+
dt
1 1+ ln t
'

Product Rule + FTC,

dont touch integral
part

Chapter 7 Applications of Integrals I

Area on xaxis

A= f ( x )g(x) dx
a

Area on yaxis

A= f ( y )g( y )dy
c

Disk Method

Shell Method

V = ( f ( x ) ) dx
a

V = ( f ( y ) ) dy
c

f (b )

f ( x ) dx=b f ( b )a f ( a ) f
a

g ( X )= g ( t ) f ( t ) dt

( x ) dx

a
b

f ( a)
1

sec t=cos

1
t

1
t

csc t=sin

cot t=tan

E ( X )= t f ( t ) dt E

1
t

Values of ab depends on question

Arc Length
d

V =2 x |f (x)|dx
a

dy 2
1+
dx
dx

( )

V =2 x |f ( x )g( x)|dx

OR

When

cont. on

dx 2
dy
dy

( )

1+

[c,d] ,

works on

First Order Ordinary Differential Equations

Separable
1
dy= f ( x) dx
ODE
g( y)

f > 0f <0

on one side,

on other

dy
+ P ( x ) y=Q ( x )
dx

Linear ODE
Chapter 8 Applications of Integrals II
Probability Density Function

I ( x )=exp ( P ( x ) dx )

Probability > 0

f ( x ) 0 for all x

y I ( x )= Q ( x ) I ( x ) dx
Total Probability
=1

f ( t) dt=1

V =2 y |f ( y )| dy
c

V =2 y |f ( y )g( y )|dy
c

dy
=
dx

2) Check separability
x2

iii.

P ( x1 X x 2 )= f (t) dt

iv.

P ( X=x )=0

x1

Inverse Functions
Use on Inverse trigo and logs

1) Set

Probability =
area under
curve

3)

1
dy=f ( x ) dx
g( y)

OR

dy
+ P ( x ) y=Q(x )
dx

x
x

P ( X x )=P ( X < x )= f (t) dt

4a) Integrate both sides

I ( x )=exp P( x )dx

Cumulative Distribution Function

P (X x )
x

F ( x )= f ( t ) dt

4b) Find

5a) Add arbitrary

constant, C

Expected Value (Mean)

6a) Combine

ln

5b)

ALWAYS

y I ( x )= Q ( P(
x ) XI (x )z)
dx
6b)

y I ( x )=+C

7b)

y=

terms
7a)

y=

Geometry

Law of Sines

Law of
Cosines

Area of
triangle

sin A sin B sinC

=
=
a
b
c
2

c =a + b 2 ab cos C
1
base height
2
1
ab sin C
2

s (sa)( sb)(sc)

where

1
s= (a+b+ c)
2
Solid
Cone

Volume

Surface Area

1 2
r h
3

r r 2 +h2

Cylinder

r 2h

2 rh

Sphere

4 3
r
3

4 r2

Cumulative Distribution Function

F ( x )= dt
DF

Basically just wants to

find area under curve
in

Riemann Sums
n

i= n2 (n+1)
i=0

i2= n6 (n+1)(2 n+1)

i=0
n

i =
i=0

n2
2
( n+ 1 )
4