Chapter 5

A transgenic organism is: an organism that contains DNA from a donor species
Deletions and substitutions are two types of point mutations. Which is
more likely to cause mistranslations of proteins? Deletions are more likely to
cause mistranslations of proteins because they shift the reading frame and cause
downstream amino acids to be changed.
Diabetes is to insulin as _________ is to _________.dwarfism; human growth
hormone
During transcription, at the point where the DNA strand being copied has
an adenine, _______________ is added to the mRNA. a uracil
During translation, chain elongation continues until: a stop codon is
encountered.
How many RNAs can be transcribed from a single DNA template? Hundreds
of RNAs can be transcribed from a single DNA template.
In humans, genes make up ______ of the DNA. less than 5%
In order for translation to occur: there must be large numbers of free amino
acids present in the cytoplasm.
In the lac operon, what occurs in the presence of lactose? Lactose binds to
the repressor protein, allowing RNA polymerase to bind to the operator, and
transcription occurs.
RNA polymerase catalyzes the synthesis of: RNA from DNA.
The double helix model of DNA suggested by Watson and Crick was
exciting to the scientific community because: it explained how genetic
material could be duplicated by means of the complementary strands.
The technique often used in forensics that identifies individuals based on
their genetic differences is referred to as: DNA fingerprinting.
The trait for red hair is recessive, meaning that when a person expresses
two copies of this allele they have red hair. What can be said about the
phenotype and genotype of a red-haired individual versus a brown-haired
(dominant) individual? The phenotype of an individual with red-hair allows one to
know his genotype, whereas deducing the genotype of a brown-haired individuals
would require a closer look at generational breeding patterns.
There are different _________ molecules for each of the twenty different
amino acids that are used in building proteins. tRNA
Transcription and translation can best be explained through which
analogy? Transcription is the copying of a recipe from a cookbook to an index card,
and translation is combining the baking ingredients and making chocolate chip
cookies.

Chapter 5
Transcription is a synonym for: RNA synthesis.
What is a plasmid? a circular piece of DNA that can be incorporated into the
genome of a bacterium
What is meant by the statement: "we live in the 'Age of the Gene'"? Both
the first and second answer choices best explain what is meant by the "Age of the
Gene."
What is the difference between a point mutation and a chromosomal
aberration? Both are mutation types, but in a point mutation, one base pair is
changed, and in a chromosomal aberration, an entire section of the chromosome is
altered.
What is the primary product of the transcription of eukaryotic genes?
mRNA
What type of molecule carries amino acids to the ribosome during protein
synthesis? tRNA
When a triplet of bases in the coding sequence of DNA is "GCA," the
corresponding codon for the mRNA that is transcribed from it is: CGU.
Which of the following about DNA is FALSE? The number of chromosomes
increases with the complexity of the organism.
Which of the following causes of mutations is incorrectly matched with its
mechanism of action? Spontaneous mutations: Enzymes cause errors due to their
highly erroneous nature.
Which of the following is INCORRECT? The trait is influenced by the gene,
independent of the environment.
Which of the following is NOT true about gene therapy? In the few cases
where gene therapy produced a cure, the children of these patients were free of
their parent's disease.
Which of the following is NOT true about mutations? A mutation in DNA
always leads to changes in the structure and function of the protein produced.
Which of the following is NOT true about the discovery of DNA structure
by Watson and Crick? From the structure of DNA, it was clear how genes encoded
information for proteins.
Which of the following is TRUE about selective breeding and genetically
modified organisms? Farmers have been able to produce new varieties of crops
by selective breeding alone.
Which of the following statements about non-coding DNA is TRUE? "Junk
DNA" refers to the proportion of base sequences in DNA that do not code for
anything and seem to have no obvious purpose.

Chapter 5
Which of the following statements about regulatory genes is correct?
Regulatory genes can be located within the operon.
Which of the following statements about the metabolism of ethanol (in
alcoholic beverages) is TRUE? All of the above statements are TRUE.
Which of the following statements about transcription and translation is
most accurate in terms of compartmentalization? Transcription occurs in the
nucleus, DNA exits through pores, and translation occurs in the cytoplasm.