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API Recommended Practice 575, Inspection of Atmospheric and LowPressure Storage Tanks, Third Edition, April 2014
API Recommended Practice 577 Welding Inspection and Metallurgy,
Second Edition, December 2013
API Standard 650, Welded Tanks for Oil Storage, Twelfth Edition, March
2013 with Addendum 1 (September 2014), Errata 1 (July 2013), and
Errata 2 (December 2014).
API Recommended Practice 651, Cathodic Protection of Aboveground
Petroleum Storage Tanks, Fourth Edition, September 2014.
API Recommended Practice 652, Lining of Aboveground Petroleum
Storage Tank Bottoms, Fourth Edition, September 2014
API Standard 653, Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and
Reconstruction, Fifth Edition, November 2014.
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Q2. API-650 applies only to tanks whose entire bottom is uniformly supported
and tanks in ___ that have a maximum operating temperature of _____F.
a) Any petrochemical service and temperature not exceeding 120F
b) Non-refrigerated service and temperature not exceeding 200F
c) Non-refrigerated service and temperature not exceeding 120F
d) Any petrochemical service and temperature not exceeding 200F
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 1.1.1
ANS:B
Section 2 Materials
Q1. API-650 lists materials to be used in the construction of tanks covered by
the standard. Is it permissible to use materials other than those listed in the
standard?
a) No only materials listed in API-650 may be used in tank fabrication
b) Yes as long as the manufacturer accepts full liability for tank failure
c) Yes providing it is certified as meeting all requirements of a material listed
in API-650 and is approved by the API-653 Inspector
d) Yes providing it is certified as meeting all the requirements of a material
listed in API-650 and is approved by the purchaser
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 2.1.1
ANS: D
Q6. What is the maximum shell plate thickness permitted for a tank fabricated
of ASTM A36 material?
a) This plate material is limited to 1.750 inches
b) This plate material is limited to 1.075 inches
c) This plate material is limited to 1.050 inches
d) This plate material is limited to 1.500 inches
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 2.2.2 a
ANS: D
Q7. What is the maximum shell plate thickness permitted for a tank fabricated
of ASTM A285, Grade C material?
a) This plate material is limited to 1.000 inches
b) This plate material is limited to 1.250 inches
c) This plate material is limited to 1.500 inches
d) This plate material is limited to 1.750 inches
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 2.2.2 d
ANS: A
API650:
4.2.2 ASTM Specifications Plates that conform to the following ASTM
specifications are acceptable as long as the plates are within the stated
limitations. a) ASTM A36M/A36 for plates to a maximum thickness of 40 mm
(1.5 in.). None of the specifications for the appurtenant materials listed in
Table 1 of ASTM A36M/A36 are considered acceptable for tanks constructed
under this standard unless it is expressly stated in this standard that the
specifications are acceptable.
d) ASTM A285M/A285, Grade C, for plates to a maximum thickness of 25 mm
(1 in.).
Q8. All welding to repair surface defects shall be done with ______.
a) Cellulose coated electrode b) High nickel content electrode
c) Low-hydrogen electrode d) Gas tungsten process
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 2.2.6.2
ANS:C
Q9. When conducting impact tests, how many specimens are required from a
single test coupon?
a) Impact tests shall be performed on a single specimen taken from a single
test coupon
b) Impact tests shall be performed on two specimens taken from a single test
coupon
c) Impact tests shall be performed on three specimens taken from a single
test coupon
d) Impact tests shall be performed on four specimens taken from a single test
coupon
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 2.2.8.3 ANS: C
Q10. In situations where it is not possible to obtain full size specimens, what
is the required width along the notch for subsize specimens?
a) 60% of the material thickness
b) 80% of the material thickness
c) 90% of the material thickness
d) 75% of the material thickness
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 2.2.8.5 ANS: B
Q11. Unless data is available to justify a different temperature, what must the
design metal temperature be for an aboveground storage tank to be installed
in Birmingham, Alabama?
a) The design temperature shall be assumed to be 25F
b) The design temperature shall be assumed to be 15F
c) The design temperature shall be assumed to be 20F (?)
d) The design temperature shall be assumed to be 10F
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 2.2.9.3 and Figure 2-2 ANS:?
API650:
4.2.9.5 For a plate whose thickness is insufficient to permit preparation of fullsize specimens [10 mm 10 mm (0.394 in. 0.394 in.], tests shall be made
on the largest subsize specimens that can be prepared from the plate.
Subsize specimens shall have a width along the notch of at least 80 % of the
material thickness.
Figure 4.2Isothermal Lines of Lowest One-Day Mean Temperatures (F)
Q12. Unless data is available to justify a different temperature, what must the
design metal temperature be for an aboveground storage tank to be installed
in Indianapolis, Indiana?
a) The design temperature shall be assumed to be 5F
b) The design temperature shall be assumed to be -5F
c) The design temperature shall be assumed to be 0F
d) The design temperature shall be assumed to be 10F
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 2.2.9.3 and Figure 2-2 ANS: -10F+15F=5F
Q13. What is the required average longitudinal impact value of three
specimens taken from a 1.375 inch thick A 516M-60(415) normalized Group
IIIA test coupon?
a) 30 foot-pounds
b) 20 foot-pounds
c) 15 foot-pounds
d) 13 foot-pounds
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 2.2.10.2 and Figures 2-3 and 2-4 ANS: C
Q15. Longitudinal impact tests are performed on three specimens, taken from
a 1.5 inch thick A 516M-70(485) as rolled test coupon with the following
results:
Specimen #1 42 foot-pounds,
Specimen #2 18 foot-pounds,
Specimen # 3 31 foot-pounds.
Is the impact test acceptable?
a) Yes the average impact value exceeds 30 foot-pounds
b) Yes only one specimen is less than 2/3 the specified minimum value
c) No the average impact value of Specimen # 1 exceeds 2/3 the required
average impact value and one specimen is less than 2/3 the specified
minimum value
d) No Specimen #2 is less than 2/3 the specified minimum
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 2.2.8.3 and Figures 2-3 and 2-4 ANS: D
API650:
4.2.9.3 An impact test shall be performed on three specimens taken from a
single test coupon or test location.
The average value of the specimens (with no more than one specimen value
being less than the specified minimum value) shall comply with the specified
minimum value.
If more than one value is less than the specified minimum value, or if one
value is less than two-thirds the specified minimum value, three additional
specimens shall be tested, and each of these must have a value greater than
or equal to the specified minimum value.
Section 3 Design
Q1. According to API-650, tack welds _______
a) May be installed by welders who need practice
b) Can be considered as adding to the strength of a welded joint
c) Are not considered as having any strength value in the finished structure
d) Have strength value in the finished structure provided they are performed
by a qualified welder to a qualified welding procedure
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 3.1.3.2 ANS: C
Q2. What is the minimum size fillet weld permitted when joining a 1 thick
plate to a thick plate?
a) 3/16
b) 1/4
c) 3/8
d) 1/2
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 3.1.3.3 ANS: B, 1/3 of =
API650:
5.1.3.3 The minimum size of fillet welds shall be as follows: On plates 5 mm
(3/16 in.) thick, the weld shall be a full- fillet weld, and on plates more than 5
mm (3/16 in.) thick, the weld thickness shall not be less than one-third the
thickness of the thinner plate at the joint and shall be at least 5 mm (3/16 in.).
Q3. For lap-welded joints that are tack welded, what is the minimum amount
of lap permitted?
a) The lap need not exceed 2
b) The lap need not exceed 1
c) The joint shall be lapped at least 5 times the minimum required thickness of
the thinner plate
d) The joint shall be lapped at least 5 times the nominal thickness of the
thinner plate
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 3.1.3.5 ANS: D
Q4. The welded joint pictured here is defined as what type of joint?
a) Double-V butt joint
b) Square-groove butt joint
c) Double-U butt joint
d) Double-square butt joint
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 3.1.5.1 ANS: A
Q5. Vertical shell joints may be partial penetration groove welds welded from
both sides.
a) True
b) False
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 3.1.5.2 a ANS:B
Q6. API 650 requires the vertical joints in adjacent shell courses to be offset.
What is the minimum required offset between the first course of an AST,
which is 1.25 thick and the second course which is 1 thick?
a) The minimum offset shall be 5 times the second shell course height
b) The minimum offset shall be 5 times the thickness of the second course
c) The minimum offset shall be 5 times the first shell course height
d) The minimum offset shall be 5 times the thickness of the first shell course
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 3.1.5.2 b ANS: D
Q7. Three-plate laps in tank bottoms shall be at least ____ from each other,
from the tank shell, from butt-welded annular-plate joints, and from joints
between annular plates and the bottom.
a) 1.2 inches
b) 12 inches
c) 1.2 feet
d) 12 feet
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 3.1.5.4 ANS:B
Q8. What is the maximum size of fillet weld permitted in the attachment
between the lowest course shell plate and the bottom plate?
a) 3/8 inch
b) 5/16 inch
c) 1/2 inch
d) 1/4 inch
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 3.1.5.7 ANS: C
Q9. What is the minimum size fillet weld required on each side of the shell
plate attaching shell plate to the annular plate? The shell plate is 1.25 thick.
a) 3/8 inch
b) 3/16 inch
c) 1/4 inch
d) 5/16 inch
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 3.1.5.7ANS: D
Q10. A 110 ft diameter tank shall have a top angle not less than ____ inches.
a) 2 X 2 X 3/8
b) 2 X 3 X 3/8
c) 3 X 3 X 3/8
d) 3 X 2 X 3/8
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 3.1.5.9 ANS: C
5.1.5.7 Shell-to-Bottom Fillet Welds a) For bottom and annular plates with a
nominal thickness 13 mm (1/2 in.), and less, the attachment between the
bottom edge of the lowest course shell plate and the bottom plate shall be a
continuous fillet weld laid on each side of the shell plate. The size of each
weld shall not be more than 13 mm (1/2 in.) and shall not be less than the
nominal thickness of the thinner of the two plates joined (that is, the shell
plate or the bottom plate immediately under the shell) or less than the
following values:
b) For annular plates with a nominal thickness greater than 13 mm (1/2 in.),
the attachment welds shall be sized so that either the legs of the fillet welds or
the groove depth plus the leg of the fillet for a combined weld is of a size
equal to the annular-plate thickness (see Figure 5.3c), but shall not exceed
the shell plate thickness.
Q11. The ______ shall state the design metal temperature, the design
specific gravity, the corrosion allowance, and the design wind velocity.
a) The purchaser
b) The fabricator
c) The Inspector
d) Erector
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 3.2.1 ANS: A
Q12. According to API-650, tanks meeting the minimum requirements of the
standard may be subjected to a partial vacuum of _____.
a) One inch of mercury
b) One inch of water pressure
c) One pound per square inch absolute
d) One centimeter of water pressure
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 3.2.4ANS: B
API650:
5.2 Design Considerations 5.2.1 Loads Loads are defined as follows.
a) Dead Load (DL): The weight of the tank or tank component, including any
corrosion allowance unless otherwise noted. b)
b) Design External Pressure (Pe): Shall not be less than 0.25 kPa (1 in. of
water) except that the Design External Pressure (Pe) shall be considered
as 0 kPa (0 in. of water) for tanks with circulation vents meeting Annex H
requirements. Refer to Annex V for design external pressure greater than
0.25 kPa (1 in. of water). Requirements for design external pressure
exceeding this value and design requirements to resist flotation and
external fluid pressure shall be a matter of agreement between the
Purchaser and the Manufacturer (see Annex V). Tanks that meet the
requirements of this standard may be subjected to a partial vacuum of 0.25
kPa (1 in. of water), without the need to provide any additional supporting
calculations.
c) Design Internal Pressure (Pi): Shall not exceed 18 kPa (2.5 lbf/in.2).
Q15. What is the minimum projection, of trimmed bottom plates, beyond the
outside edge of the weld attaching bottom to the shell?
a) Minimum projection is 0.01 inch
b) Minimum projection is 0.10 inch
c) Minimum projection is 1.00 inch
d) Minimum projection is 10.0 inch
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 3.4.2 ANS: C
Q16. Annular bottom plates shall have a radial width that provides at least
____ between the inside of the shell and any lap-welded joint in the
remainder of the bottom.
a) 12 inches
b) 24 inches
c) 1.2 inches
d) 2.4 inches
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 3.5.2 ANS: A
Q17. How far must annular bottom plates project outside the shell?
a) Annular bottom plates shall project at least 1 inch when trimmed
b) Annular bottom plates shall project at least 1/2 inch beyond the edge of the
weld
c) Annular bottom plates shall project at least 2 inches outside the shell
d) Annular bottom plates shall project at least 5t (t = thickness of the shell
course) outside the shell
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 3.5.2 ANS: A
Q18. The thickness of the first shell course of an aboveground storage tank is
1 5/8th inches. The hydrostatic test stress in the first shell course is 33,000
psi. What is the minimum permissible thickness of the annular bottom plates?
a) Minimum permitted thickness is 5/8th inch
b) Minimum permitted thickness is 9/16th inch
c) Minimum permitted thickness is 3/4 inch (?)
d) Minimum permitted thickness is 11/16th inch
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 3.5.3 and Table 3-1 ANS: A
Q19. According to API-650, what is the minimum allowable nominal shell
thickness of an AST that is 86 feet in diameter?
a) Minimum nominal shell thickness is 3/16th inch
b) Minimum nominal shell thickness is 1/4 inch
c) Minimum nominal shell thickness is 9/32nd inch
d) Minimum nominal shell thickness is 5/16th inch
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 3.6.1.1ANS: B
Q22. In calculating the net plate thickness for an AST fabricated of A 516M
Grade 450(60) material, what would be the product design stress value used
in the calculation?
a) 24,000
b) 21,300
c) 32,000
d) 23,300
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 3.6.2.1 and Table 3-2 ANS: B
Q23. The fabricator of an AST obtains the approval of the purchaser to use
the alternative shell design permitted in Appendix A in the design of a 60 foot
diameter tank using 3/8th inch A 516M Grade 450(60) plate. What allowable
stress would be used in the design calculations?
a) 21,300 b) 24,000 c) 21,000 d) 32,000
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 3.6.2.3 ANS: C
API650:
A.3 Design A.3.1 The maximum tensile stress before the joint efficiency
factor is applied shall be 145 MPa (21,000 lbf/in.2). A.3.2 Stresses shall be
computed on the assumption that the tank is filled with water (specific gravity
= 1.0) or with the liquid to be stored if it is heavier than water. A.3.3 The
tension in each ring shall be computed 300 mm (12 in.) above the centerline
of the lower horizontal joint of the course in question. When these stresses
are computed, the tank diameter shall be taken as the nominal diameter of
the bottom course.
Q24. What is the maximum diameter of tank that permits the 1-foot method of
calculation for required thickness?
a) Tanks 50 feet in diameter and less
b) Tanks 120 feet in diameter and less
c) Tanks 180 feet in diameter and less
d) Tanks 200 feet in diameter and less
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 3.6.3.1: ANS: D
Q25. Openings in tank shells, larger than that required to accommodate a
____ flanged or threaded nozzle shall be reinforced.
a) 2 inch
b) 2.5 inch
c) 3 inch
d) 3.5 inch
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 3.7.2.1 ANS: A
Q26. When installing openings in a shell plate, the edge of the fillet weld
around the periphery of the reinforcing pad shall be spaced at least the
greater of _______ from the centerline of any butt-welded shell joints.
a) Eight inches or ten times the weld size
b) Eight times the weld size or ten inches
c) Eight times the weld size or six inches
d) Eight inches or six times the weld size
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 3.7.3.1 a ANS: B
Q27. When installing openings adjacent to each other, how much space must
there be between the welds around the periphery of the reinforcing plate?
a) Eight times the larger weld or ten inches from each other
b) Eight inches or six times the larger weld from each other
c) Eight times the larger weld or six inches from each other
d) Eight times the larger weld or eight inches from each other
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 3.7.3.1 b ANS: C
API650: 5.7.3.4 Nozzles and manholes should not be placed in shell weld
seams and reinforcing pads for nozzles and manholes should not overlap
plate seams (i.e. Figure 5.9, Details a, c, and e should be avoided). If there is
no other feasible option and the Purchaser accepts the design, circular shell
openings and reinforcing plates (if used) may be located in a horizontal or
vertical butt-welded shell joint provided that the minimum spacing dimensions
are met and a radiographic examination of the welded shell joint is conducted.
The welded shell joint shall be fully radiographed for a length equal to three
times the diameter of the opening, but the weld seam being removed need
not be radiographed. Radiographic examination shall be in accordance with
8.1.3 through 8.1.8.
Q30. All flush-type clean-out fittings and flush-type shell connections shall be
thermally stress relieved after assembly and prior to installation in the tank.
What are the temperature range and time requirements for this stress relief
activity?
a) 1100F to 1200F for 1 hour per inch of reinforcing plate thickness
b) 1100F to 1200F for 1/2 hour per inch of shell thickness
c) 1100F to 1200F for 1 hour per inch of shell thickness
d) 1100F to 1200F for 1 & 1/2 hour per inch of shell thickness
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 3.7.4.1 ANS: C
Q31. Subject to the acceptance of the purchaser, the fabricator may stress
relieve at a temperature of 1000F when it is impractical to stress relieve at a
minimum temperature of 1100F providing _____.
a) The shell plate is first pre-heated to 300F
b) The holding time is increased to 2 hours per inch of thickness
c) The holding time is increased to 4 hours per inch of thickness
d) The holding time is increased to 10 hours per inch of thickness
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 3.7.4.5 ANS: C
Q32. What is the minimum required thickness for a manhole cover plate to be
used with a 24 inch manhole? The maximum design liquid level of the tank is
45 feet.
a) Minimum thickness of cover plate is 9/16th inch
b) Minimum thickness of cover plate is 5/8th inch
c) Minimum thickness of cover plate is 1/2 inch
d) Minimum thickness of cover plate is 11/16th inch
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 3.7.5.1 and Table 3-3 ANS: A
Q33. What is the bolt circle diameter for a cover plate used with a 30 inch
diameter manhole?
a) 32 inch
b) 36 inch
c) 38 inch
d) 42 inch
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 3.7.5.2 and Table 3-5 ANS: B
Q34. The purchaser has ordered a 36 inch manhole to be installed in the first
course of an AST. The thickness of the shell plate and the reinforcing plate
is 1.375 inches. What is the required hole diameter that must be cut in the
tank to accommodate this manhole?
a) 36 & 1/4 inch b) 36 & 1/2 inch c) 36 & 3/4 inch d) 36 & 5/8 inch
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 3.7.5.3 and Table 3-7 ANS: C
Q35. API 650 requires telltale holes in reinforcing plates. What is the required
dimension of this hole and what should be done with it after the initial repad pressure test?
a) The hole shall be 3/8 inch diameter and shall be left open to the
atmosphere
b) The hole shall be 1/4 inch diameter and shall be left open to the
atmosphere
c) The hole shall be 3/8 inch diameter and shall be closed after testing
d) The hole shall be 1/4 inch diameter and shall be closed after testing
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 3.7.6.1 ANS:
Q36. What is the maximum size un-reinforced opening permitted in flat cover
plates without increasing the thickness of the cover plate?
a) 4 inch pipe size providing the edge of the opening is not more than the
height or diameter of the opening closer to the center of the cover plate
b) 3 inch pipe size providing the edge of the opening is not more than the
height or diameter of the opening closer to the center of the cover plate
c) 2 inch pipe size providing the edge of the opening is not more than the
height or diameter of the opening closer to the center of the cover plate
d) 1 & inch pipe size providing the edge of the opening is not more than
the height or diameter of the opening closer to the center of the cover plate
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 3.8.3.1 ANS: C
Q37. What is the maximum size opening that may be placed in a cover plate?
a) 12 inches pipe size
b) 8 inches pipe size
c) 6 inches pipe size
d) 3 inches pipe size
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 3.8.3.2 ANS: A
Q38. An aboveground storage tank has a design liquid height of 40 feet. The
purchaser intends to install product mixing equipment in the cover plate of a
30 inch manhole. What is the required minimum thickness of the cover plate?
a) The minimum thickness shall be at least .625 inches
b) The minimum thickness shall be at least .75 inches
c) The minimum thickness shall be at least .9375 inches
d) The minimum thickness shall be at least .875 inches
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 3.8.3.2 ANS: D
Q40. What is the minimum thickness permitted for rectangular roof opening
cover plates?
a) Minimum thickness shall not be less than .875 inches
b) Minimum thickness shall not be less than .750 inches
c) Minimum thickness shall not be less than .625 inches
d) Minimum thickness shall not be less than .500 inches
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 3.8.6.2 ANS: D
Q41. Stiffening ring splice welds shall be located at least _____ from any
vertical shell weld.
a) 24 inches
b) 18 inches
c) 12 inches
d) 6 inches
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 3.9.3.4 ANS: D
API650: 5.9.3.4 Welds joining stiffening rings to the tank shell may cross
vertical tank seam welds. Any splice weld in the ring shall be located a
minimum of 150 mm (6 in.) from any vertical shell weld. Stiffening rings may
also cross vertical tank seam welds with the use of coping (rat hole) of the
stiffening ring at the vertical tank seam. Where the coping method is used, the
required section modulus of the stiffening ring and weld spacing must be
maintained.
Q42. When stiffening rings are to be used as walkways, what is the required
width of the stiffening ring?
a) The width shall be not less than 36 inches clear of the projecting curb
angle on the top of the tank shell
b) The width shall be not less than 3 feet 6 inches clear of the projecting curb
angle on the top of the tank shell
c) The width shall be not less than 24 inches clear of the projecting curb
angle on the top of the tank shell
d) The width shall be not less than 2 feet 4 inches clear of the projecting curb
angle on the top of the tank shell
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 3.9.4 ANS: C
Q43. How far below the top of the curb angle should a stiffening ring, that is to
be used as a walkway, be located?
a) 3 feet 6 inches b) 36 inches c) 6 feet 3 inches d) 63 inches
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 3.9.4ANS: A
Q44. All roofs and supporting structures shall be designed to support dead
loads plus a uniform live load of not less than _____ of projected area
a) 25 pounds per square inch
b) 25 pounds per square foot
c) 25 pounds per square yard
d) 25 pounds per square meter
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 3.10.2.1 ANS: B
Q45. What is the minimum nominal thickness permitted for roof plates?
a) 3/16 inch or 5.76 pounds per square foot
b) 3/16 inch or 6.75 pounds per square foot
c) 3/16 inch or 7.65 pounds per square foot
d) 3/16 inch or 12-gauge sheet
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 3.10.2.2 ANS: C
Q46. A roof where the continuous fillet weld between the roof plates and the
top angle does not exceed 3/16", the slope at the top angle attachment does
not exceed 2" in 12", and the shell-to-roof compression ring details are limited
to Figure F-2 (a)-(d) may be considered what type of roof?
a) A 1 in 6 roof
b) A dangerous roof design and should be avoided
c) A roof with inherent compensation
d) A frangible roof
Reference API-650, Paragraph 3.10.2.5.1 ANS: D
Q47. Rafters shall be spaced so that in the outer ring, their centers are not
more than _____ apart measured along the circumference of the tank.
a) 3 feet or 9.42 feet b) 2 feet or 6.28 feet
c) 4 feet or 12.56 feet d) 2.5 feet or 7.85 feet
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 3.10.4.4ANS: B
Section 4 Fabrication
Q1. What method(s) is/are permitted for straightening material?
a) Pressing or other non-injurious method prior to layout or shaping
b) Heating and hammering after layout or shaping
c) Jacking into shape after final assembly
d) Jacking into shape and holding with tack welds
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 4.1.1.2 ANS: A
Q2. When plates are to be butt-welded, shearing is limited to what maximum
thickness?
a) 5/8th inch
b) 3/8th inch (9.5mm)
c) 3/16th inch
d) Shearing is not permitted
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 4.1.2ANS: B
Q5. Mill and shop inspection releases the manufacturer from responsibility for
replacing defective material.
a) True
b) False
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 4.2.2 ANS: B
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Section 5 Erection
Q1. What welding process is not permitted when impact testing of the
material is required?
a) Shielded metal-arc
b) Gas metal-arc
c) Oxyfuel
d) Submerged arc
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 5.2.1.1 ANS: C
Q2. Welding may be performed manually, automatically, or semiautomatically according to the procedures described in ____ of the ASME
Code.
a) Section VIII, Division 1
b) B31.3
c) Section VIII, Division 2
d) Section IX
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 5.2.1.1ANS: D
Q3. No welding of any kind shall be performed when the temperature of the
base metal is less than ____F
a) Sixty b) Thirty-two c) Zero d) Negative fifteen
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 5.2.1.2 ANS: C
Q4. When base metal thickness is greater than 1.25 inches or the base metal
temperature is 0F -32F, what requirement must be met?
a) The base metal within 3 inches of the starting point of the welding shall be
heated to a temperature warm to the hand (140F)
b) The base metal within 3 inches of the starting point of the welding shall be
heated to a temperature of not less than 200F
c) The base metal within 3 inches of the starting point of the welding shall be
heated to a temperature of not less than 60F
d) The base metal within 3 inches of the starting point of the welding shall be
heated to a temperature of not less than 45F
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 5.2.1.2 ANS: A
Q5. What is the maximum acceptable undercut for horizontal butt joints?
a) 1/64th inch
b) 1/32nd inch
c) 3/64th inch
d) 3/32nd inch
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 5.2.1.4 ANS: B
Q6. What is the maximum acceptable undercut for vertical butt joints?
a) 3/32nd inch
b) 3/64th inch
c) 1/32nd inch
d) 1/64th inch
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 5.2.1.4 ANS: D
Q7. What is the maximum permissible weld reinforcement for a vertical joint in
plate thickness 1.25?
a) 3/16th inch b) 1/8th inch c) 1/4th inch d) 3/32nd inch
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 5.2.1.5 ANS: A
Q8. When tack welds are used during the assembly of vertical joints, what
requirement is stipulated by API-650?
a) Tack welds that are to be removed do not require a qualified procedure or
welder
b) Tack welds that are to be left in place shall be made using a qualified
procedure only
c) Tack welds that are to be removed may be made using a welder in training
d) Tack welds that are to be left in place shall be made using a qualified
procedure and welder
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 5.2.1.8 ANS: D
API650: 8.1.3.4 The finished surface of the weld reinforcement at the location
of the radiograph shall either be flush with the plate or have a reasonably
uniform crown not to exceed the following values:
Q9. What is the requirement when protective coatings are used on surfaces
to be welded?
a) The coating must be removed prior to welding
b) The coating shall be included in the welders performance qualification
tests
c) The coating shall be included in the welding procedure qualification
d) The coating shall be identified on the purchase order
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 5.2.1.9 ANS: C
Q10. The welding of the ____ shall be practically complete prior to weldingout the bottom joints.
a) Nozzle reinforcement periphery welds
b) Shell-to-bottom weld
c) All vertical and horizontal shell welds
d) All external attachment welds
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 5.2.2.2 ANS: B
Q13. Multi-pass weld procedures are required for circumferential and vertical
joints in tank shell courses constructed of material that is more than 1.5
inches thick. What is the maximum weld pass size permitted and what is the
minimum pre-heat temperature?
a) No weld pass over inch with a minimum pre-heat of 300F
b) No weld pass over inch with a minimum pre-heat of 200F
c) No weld pass over inch with a minimum pre-heat of 200F
d) No weld pass over inch with a minimum pre-heat of 300F
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 5.2.3.4 ANS: C
10.4.4.3 For horizontal and vertical joints in tank shell courses constructed of
material over 1 1/2-in. thick (based on the thickness of the thicker plate at the
joint), multi-pass weld procedures are required, with no pass more than
3/4-in. thick permitted. A minimum preheat of 200 F is required of these
welds.
Q14. The initial weld pass inside the shell of the shell-to-bottom weld shall be
cleaned and examined for its entire circumference. This examination shall be
visually and by which of the following?
a) Magnetic particle or ultrasonic or suitable liquid penetrant process
b) Magnetic particle or suitable liquid penetrant process or a vacuum box and
bubble method
c) Magnetic particle or radiography or vacuum box and bubble method
d) Magnetic particle or acoustic emission or eddy current
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 5.2.4.1 ANS: B
Q15. The required examination of the initial weld pass as described in API650 may be waived subject to agreement between the purchaser and the
AST manufacturer provided all but which of the following examinations are
performed on the entire circumference of the weld(s)
a) Examine either side of the finished weld by MT, PT, or right angle vacuum
box
b) Visually examine the initial weld (inside and outside)
c) Visually examine the finished joint welded surfaces (inside and outside the
shell)
d) Examine either side of the finished weld by MT, PT, UT, or RT
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 5.2.4.2 ANS: D
Q20. A new aboveground storage tank must be tested. If water is available for
testing the shell, the tank shall be filled to any of the following levels except?
a) To the maximum design liquid level
b) Tanks with tight roofs, to 2 inches above the weld connecting the roof plate
of compression bar to the top angle of the shell
c) To overflowing to ensure all air is vented from the tank
d) To a level lower than specified in a) or b) when restricted by overflows or
freeboard agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 5.3.6 ANS: C
API650: 7.3.5 Testing of the Shell After the entire tank and roof structure is
completed, the shell (except for the shell of tanks designed in accordance with
Annex F) shall be tested by one of the following methods, as specified on the Data
Sheet, Line 14. 1) If water is available for testing the shell, the tank shall be filled
with water as follows:
(1) to the maximum design liquid level, H;
(2) for a tank with a tight roof, to 50 mm (2 in.) above the weld connecting the roof
plate or compression bar to the top angle or shell;
(3) to a level lower than that specified in Sub-item 1 or 2 when restricted by overflows,
an internal floating roof, or other freeboard by agreement between the Purchaser
and the Manufacturer, or
(4) to a level of seawater producing a bottom of shell hoop stress equal to that
produced by a full-height fresh water test.
The tank shall be inspected frequently during the filling operation, and any welded
joints above the test-water level shall be examined in accordance with Item 2 below.
This test shall be conducted before permanent external piping is connected to the tank.
Attachments to the shell defined in 5.8.1.1, located at least 1 m (3 ft) above the water
level, and roof appurtenances may be welded during the filling of the tank. After
completion of the hydro-test, only non-structural small attachments may be welded to
the tank in accordance with 7.2.1.11.
Q21. The purchaser of an AST that is designed to be gas tight required the
roof to be tested pneumatically. What maximum pressure would be applied to
a tank with thick roof plates?
a) The maximum pneumatic pressure permitted is .053 psi
b) The maximum pneumatic pressure permitted is .071 psi
c) The maximum pneumatic pressure permitted is .083 psi
d) The maximum pneumatic pressure permitted is .091 psi
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 5.3.7.1 and 3.10.2.2
Solution: 3/16 thick plate = 7.65 lb/ft 1/16 = 2.55 lb/ft ANS: B
API650: 7.3.7 Testing of the Roof 7.3.7.1 Upon completion, the roof of a
tank designed to be gas-tight (except for roofs designed under 7.3.7.2, F.4.4,
and E.7.5) shall be tested by one of the following methods. a) Applying
internal air pressure not exceeding the weight of the roof plates and applying
to the weld joints a bubble solution or other material suitable for the detection
of leaks. b) Vacuum testing the weld joints in accordance with 8.6 to detect
any leaks. 7.3.7.2 Upon completion, the roof of a tank not designed to be gastight, such as a tank with peripheral circulation vents or a tank with free or
open vents, shall receive only visual examination of its weld joints, unless
otherwise specified by the Purchaser.
Q22. During the filling of an aboveground storage tank for testing, leakage
was observed in a horizontal seam. Repairs are to be completed with the test
water in the tank. The tank is 61 feet high and the leak is discovered 29 feet
below the top of the tank. Where must the water level be during the repair?
a) The water level shall be not less than 30 feet from the top of the tank
b) The water level shall be not more than 32 feet from the bottom of the tank
c) The water level shall be at the maximum design liquid level
d) The water shall be removed from the tank
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 5.4.4 ANS:A, 61-29=32, answer The water
level shall be more than 31 feet from the top of the tank
API650: 7.4.4 Repairs of defects discovered after the tank has been filled with water
for testing shall be made with the water level at least 0.3 m (1 ft) below any point being
repaired or, if repairs have to be made on or near the tank bottom, with the tank empty.
Welding shall not be done on any tank unless all connecting lines have been
completely blinded. Repairs shall not be attempted on a tank that is filled with oil or
that has contained oil until the tank has been emptied, cleaned, and gas freed.
Repairs on a tank that has contained oil shall not be attempted by the Manufacturer
unless the manner of repair has been approved in writing by the Purchaser and the
repairs are made in the presence of the Purchasers inspector.
7.5.3 Roundness Radii measured at 0.3 m (1 ft) above the bottom corner
weld shall not exceed the following tolerances:
Q25. Peaking at vertical welds and banding at horizontal welds shall not
exceed ____.
a) 1 inch b) inch c) inch d) inch
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 5.5.4 (a and b) ANS: C
Q26. Peaking and banding are determined using a horizontal sweep board for
peaking and a straight edge vertical sweep board for banding. What is the
required length of these
sweep boards?
a) 48 inches
b) 24 inches
c) 42 inches
d) 36 inches
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 5.5.4 (a and b) ANS: D
API650: 7.5.4 Local Deviations Local deviations from the theoretical shape (for
example, weld discontinuities and flat spots) shall be limited as follows.
a) Deviations (peaking) at vertical weld joints shall not exceed 13 mm (1/2 in.).
Peaking at vertical weld joints shall be determined using a horizontal sweep board
900 mm (36 in.) long. The sweep board shall be made to the nominal radius of the
tank.
b) Deviations (banding) at horizontal weld joints shall not exceed 13 mm (1/2 in.).
Banding at horizontal weld joints shall be determined using a straight edge vertical
sweep board 900 mm (36 in.) long.
c) Flat spots measured in the vertical plane shall not exceed the appropriate plate
flatness and waviness requirements given in 7.5.2.
API563: 10.5.4 Peaking
With a horizontal sweep board 36-in. long, peaking shall not exceed 1/2 in. The sweep
board shall be made to the true outside radius of the tank.
API563: 10.5.5 Banding
With a vertical sweep board 36-in. long, banding shall not exceed 1 in.
http://www.naehss.org/PastSchools/2011/LargeTankStorageIntegrity.pdf
Q27. The top of the concrete ringwall (where installed) of an AST must be
level within 1/8 in any 30 feet of circumference. What is the total
circumferential tolerance measured from the average elevation?
a) 1/8 b) 3/16 c) 1/2 d) 1/4
Reference API-650, Paragraph 5.5.5.2 (a) ANS: D
Q28. Where a concrete ringwall is not provided, the foundation under the
shell shall be level to within what tolerances?
a) 1/8 in any 30 of the circumference and 1/2 in the total circumference
measured from the average elevation
b) 1/8 in any 10 of the circumference and 1/2 in the total circumference
measured from the average elevation
c) 1/8 in any 10 of the circumference and 1/4 in the total circumference
measured from the average elevation
d) 1/8 in any 30 of the circumference and 1/4 in the total circumference
measured from the average elevation
Reference API-650, Paragraph 5.5.5.2 (b) ANS: B
Q4. One additional spot radiograph shall be taken in each additional ____ of
vertical joint of
the same type and thickness.
a) 10 feet
b) 200 feet
c) 100 feet
d) 25 feet
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 6.1.2.2(a) ANS: C
Q5. What percentage of the selected spot radiographs must be at junctions of
vertical and horizontal welded joints?
a) 25 percent
b) 50 percent
c) 75 percent
d) 15 percent
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 6.1.2.2(a) ANS: A
Q6. For butt welded joints in plates over 3/8 to not over 1 in thickness are
required to be radiographically examined to the same extent as plates 3/8
and less. What additional spot examination does API-650 require for these
welded joints?
a) 50 percent of all vertical and horizontal junctions
b) 75 percent of all vertical and horizontal junctions
c) 100 percent of all vertical and horizontal junctions
d) 25 percent of all horizontal joints between the first and second course
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 6.1.2.2(b) ANS: C
Q7. The radiographic film for all junctions of vertical and horizontal joints shall
show at least ____ of weld length on each side of the vertical intersection.
a) 3 inches
b) 2 inches
c) 1 inch
d) 4 inches
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 6.1.2.2(b) and (c) ANS: B
API650: 8.1.2.2
b) For butt-welded joints in which the thinner shell plate is greater than 10 mm
(3/8 in.) but less than or equal to 25 mm (1 in.) in thickness, spot radiographs
shall be taken according to Item a. In addition, all junctions of vertical and
horizontal joints in plates in this thickness range shall be radiographed; each
film shall clearly show not less than 75 mm (3 in.) of vertical weld and 50 mm
(2 in.) of weld length on each side of the vertical intersection. In the lowest
course, two spot radiographs shall be taken in each vertical joint: one of the
radiographs shall be as close to the bottom as is practicable, and the other
shall be taken at random (see the center panel of Figure 8.1).
Q8. The butt weld around the periphery of an insert manhole or nozzle shall
be ____.
a) Completely examined by liquid penetrant methods
b) Completely examined by ultrasonic methods
c) Completely examined by magnetic particle methods
d) Completely examined by radiographic methods
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 6.1.2.2(d) ANS: D
Q9. After the initial spot radiograph in the first 10 feet of horizontal butt joint,
additional spot radiographs shall be taken at what increment?
a) One radiograph shall be taken in each additional 200 feet
b) One radiograph shall be taken in each additional 100 feet
c) One radiograph shall be taken in each additional 300 feet
d) One radiograph shall be taken in each additional 150 feet
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 6.1.2.3 ANS: A
Q10. What is the minimum weld length that must be clearly shown on each
radiograph?
a) 2 inches
b) 3 inches
c) 6 inches
d) 8 inches
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 6.1.2.8 ANS: C
Q11. Personnel who perform and evaluate radiographic examinations
according to API-650 shall be qualified and certified by the manufacturer as
meeting the requirements as generally outlined in _____.
a) Level II or Level III of ASNT SNAT-TC-1B
b) Level II or Level III of ASNT SNT-TC-1B
c) Level II or Level III of ASNT SNAT-TC-1A
d) Level II or Level III of ASNT SNT-TC-1A
Reference: API-650, Paragraph 6.1.3.2ANS: D
Q2. The manufacturer has the approval of the purchaser to use a material
listed in API-650 but not included in the applicable table of ASME Section IX.
What Group number would this material be included in if the minimum tensile
strength is specified at 73,000 psi?
a) This material would be included in Group number 2
b) This material would be included in Group number 1
c) This material would be included in Group number 3
d) This material can not be used in AST construction
Reference API-650, Paragraph 7.2.1.3 ANS: A
Q3. When impact tests of the heat-affected zone are required, how shall this
requirement be treated?
a) Heat treated condition of the base metal shall be a non-essential variable
b) Heat treated condition of the base metal shall be an essential variable
c) Heat treated condition of the base metal shall be a supplementary essential
variable
d) Heat treated condition of the base metal does not need to be addressed on
the welding procedure specification
Reference API-650, Paragraph 7.2.1.4ANS: C
Q4. If a protective coating has been applied to weld edge preparations, how is
this condition treated on the welding procedure specification?
a) The coating shall be removed and does not affect the weld and therefore
does not need to be addressed
b) The coating shall be included as an essential variable
c) The coating shall be included as a non-essential variable
d) The coating shall be included as a supplementary essential variable
Reference API-650, Paragraph 7.2.1.4 ANS: B
http://fatboo.com/2011/01/braddell-roti-prata.html
Section 8 - Marking
Q1. A nameplate shall identify aboveground storage tanks made in
accordance with API-650. Where must this nameplate be located on the
completed tank?
a) This nameplate shall be attached to the tank shell adjacent to a manhole
or to a manhole reinforcing plate immediately to the right of the manhole
b) This nameplate shall be attached to the tank shell adjacent to a vertical
weld joint at least 48 above the shell-to-bottom weld joint
c) This nameplate shall be attached to the tank shell adjacent to a manhole
or to a manhole reinforcing plate immediately above the manhole
d) This nameplate shall be attached to the tank shell adjacent to a manhole
or to a manhole reinforcing plate immediately below the manhole
Reference API-650, Paragraph 8.1.2 ANS: C
Q3. When computing the tension in each ring (course) of a small tank
designed in accordance with Appendix A of API-650, where is this tension
computed?
a) The tension shall be computed 12 inches above the centerline of the
course in question
b) The tension shall be computed 12 inches above the centerline of the lower
horizontal joint of the course in question
c) The tension shall be computed 12 inches above the centerline of the tank
in question
d) The tension shall be computed 12 inches below the centerline of the upper
horizontal joint of the course in question
Reference API-650, Paragraph A.3.3 ANS: B
Q4. What joint efficiency factor shall be used in the design of small tanks
designed in accordance with Appendix A of API-650 when spot
radiographic examination is applied?
a) 1.00 b) 0.90 c) 0.85 d) 0.70
Reference API-650, Paragraph A.3.4 ANS: C
5. What joint efficiency factor shall be used in the design of small tanks
designed in accordance with Appendix A of API-650 when spot radiographic
examination is omitted?
a) 1.00
b) 0.90
c) 0.85
d) 0.70
Reference API-650, Paragraph A.3.4 ANS: D
Q2. The base metal goes into solution (corrodes) by releasing electrons and
forming positive metal ions. This statement describes what takes place at
what component of a corrosion cell?
a) The cathode
b) The electrolyte
c) The metallic connection between the cathode and the anode
d) The anode
Reference: API-651 Paragraph 4.1.1(a) ANS: D
Q3. Which of the following is the most correct statement regarding the
cathode?
a) Moderate corrosion takes place at the cathode
b) No corrosion takes place at the cathode
c) All corrosion takes place at the cathode
d) A chemical reaction takes place using electrons released at the electrolyte
Reference: API-651 Paragraph 4.1.1(b) ANS: B
Q4. The electrolyte contains ions and conducts positive current from the
anode to the cathode. The most common electrolyte for external tank bottom
surfaces is ____, while the most common for internal surfaces is ____.
a) Water, sludge and moist soil
b) Moist soil, water and sludge
c) Acidic soil, water and sludge
d) Moist soil, product and sludge
Reference: API-651 Paragraph 4.1.1(d) ANS: B
Q5. The two most common types of corrosion to tank bottoms are ______
and ______.
a) Stress corrosion and galvanic
b) Erosion and erosion/corrosion
c) General and pitting
d) Stray current and bimetallic
Reference: API-651 Paragraph 4.1.2 ANS: C
http://www2.ucdsb.on.ca/tiss/stretton/chem2/corrosion.html
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Q12. The most common and potentially the most damaging stray currents are:
a) Direct currents
b) Alternating currents
c) Intermittent currents
d) Close proximity alternating currents
Reference: API-651 Paragraph 4.2.1 ANS: A
Q13. Which of the following is not likely to be a source of stray currents?
a) Static electricity
b) Welding machines
c) Impressed current cathodic protection systems
d) Railroads
Reference: API-651 Paragraph 4.2.1 ANS: A
Q2. When should corrosion control by cathodic protection for new ASTs be
provided?
a) After final welding and before hydrostatic testing
b) After all stress relief has been carried out
c) In the initial design
d) After the tank is in service for 6 months
Reference: API RP 651, Paragraph 5.1.1ANS: C
Q3. Generally tanks in petroleum service use ______ on the internal surfaces
to control internal corrosion.
a) AC Current instead of DC current cathodic protection systems
b) Coatings
c) Cathodic protection in conjunction with coatings
d) Since pure hydrocarbon fluids are usually not corrosive experience shows
that internal corrosion will never occur therefore, corrosion control is not
necessary
Reference: API RP 651, Paragraph 5.1.3 ANS: B
Q6. Such items as site plan, soil properties, previous repairs, existing
cathodic protection of nearby structures, maintenance history, and expected
life should be investigated and determined when conducting the
____________.
a) Evaluation of the location of a refinery
b) Probability study of tank settlement
c) Evaluation of tank design/construction history
d) Evaluation of tank repairs and alterations
Reference: API RP 651, Paragraph 5.2.1.1ANS: C
Q7. Of the following items which is not an item that should be investigated
and determined in the evaluation of types of service?
a) Type of product stored
b) Product temperature
c) Ambient temperature
d) Presence and depth f water bottoms
Reference: API RP 651, Paragraph 5.2.1.2 ANS: C
Q8. Such items as tank inspections per API Standard 653, corrosion rate
records, stray current problems, design and performance of previous
protection systems, and structure-to-soil potential surveys should be
investigated and determined when conducting the ______.
a) Evaluation of tank repair/alteration/construction history
b) Evaluation of tank design/construction history
c) Evaluation of types of service
d) Evaluation of inspection/corrosion history
Reference: API RP 651, Paragraph 5.2.1.3ANS: D
Q9. The cushion material under the tank has a significant effect on external
corrosion of the tank bottom. The material can also influence:
a) The effectiveness and applicability of external cathodic protection
b) The effectiveness and applicability of internal cathodic protection
c) The decision to use or not use a rectifier or DC generator set to supply
current
d) The type of product that may be stored in the tank
Reference: API RP 651, Paragraph 5.3.1.1 ANS: A
Q10. What is an advantage of using fine particles for the cushion material?
a) The fine particles should be uniform which makes it easier to transport
b) Fine particles provide a more dense cushion to help reduce the influx and
outflow of oxygen
c) Fine particles will not permit the passage of product should a leak occur in
the tank bottom
d) Fine particles will hold moisture longer permitting it to stabilize and prevent
acid from forming in the electrolyte
Reference: API RP 651, Paragraph 5.3.1.1 ANS: B
Q11. What is the main disadvantage in using large size particles in the soil
cushion material?
a) The large particles may puncture the tank bottom
b) The large particles may trap moisture and allow general corrosion to form
c) If large particles are used, differential aeration corrosion may result where
the particles contact the tank bottom
d) The large particles are more difficult to transport
Reference: API RP 651, Paragraph 5.3.1.1ANS: C
Q12. A soil resistivity of about 1250 OHM-CM would indicate the soil is
probably ____.
a) Mildly corrosive 2000-10000
b) Very corrosive <500
c) Corrosive 500-1000
d) Moderately corrosive 1000-2000
Reference: API RP 651, Paragraph 5.3.1.2ANS:D, >10000 less corrosive
Q13. The results of soil resistivity surveys can be used to determine
________.
a) When it is time to replace the cushion material under the tank bottom
b) The need for cathodic protection
c) The amount of compression of the cushion material under the tank
d) The best place to install a corrosion test bed
Reference: API RP 651, Paragraph 5.3.1.2 ANS: B
Q16. Corrosion of the steel tank bottom installed on a concrete cushion may
result from moisture accumulation caused by all but which of the following?
a) Condensation
b) Blowing snow or rain
c) Humidity in the air surrounding the tank
d) Flooding
Reference: API RP 651, Paragraph 5.3.2.2 ANS: C
Q18. How can the condition of the external surface of tank bottom and the
asphalt cushion be determined?
a) Raise the entire tank and inspect the tank bottom and the asphalt
b) Take a core sample from the asphalt for testing. This test will reveal the
amount of steel that has gone into solution and been trapped in the asphalt
c) Conduct a soil resistivity survey around the periphery of the tank
containment
d) By cutting coupons from the tank bottom
Reference: API RP 651, Paragraph 5.3.3.2 ANS: D
Q19. A soil analysis reveals the pH of a native soil cushion to be 6.25. This
soil is considered to be:
a) Moderately corrosive
b) Mildly corrosive (the least of the multiple choice)
c) Corrosive
d) Very corrosive
Reference: API RP 651, Paragraph 5.3.4.1 and Table 2 ANS: B
Q20. A soil analysis reveals the sulfates level of a native soil cushion to be
5525ppm. This soil is considered to be
a) Moderately corrosive
b) Mildly corrosive
c) Corrosive
d) Very corrosive
Reference: API RP 651, Paragraph 5.3.4.1 and Table 2ANS: D
Q21. What is the most common material used as a cushion beneath storage
tank bottoms?
a) Clean concrete
b) Clean sand
c) Clean Asphalt
d) Clean modified aggregate
Reference: API RP 651, Paragraph 5.3.5 ANS: B
Q22. The use of oiled sand beneath tank bottoms does not eliminate the need
for cathodic protection and in fact may cause cathodic protection to be less
effective because:
a) The oiled sand has higher resistivity (outcome)
b) The sand is unable to conduct electrical current
c) The oil acts as an insulator and blocks all current flow (root cause)
d) The oil creates a vapor bearer entrapping water and contaminants next to
the tank bottom
Reference: API RP 651, Paragraph 5.3.5 ANS: A
5.3.5 Oiled Sand Pad
Historically, in some cases oil has been added to the sand for
various reasons, including compaction and corrosion control.
However, if cathodic protection is applied, the higher resistivity
of oiled sand may prevent it from being effective. For new tank
construction, use of oiled sand is discouraged.
Q23. There are several ways the tank cushion can become contaminated.
Three of the following are methods of cushion contamination, which one is
not?
a) In coastal areas salt spay may be washed down the side of the tank
b) Fertilizer from spraying operations in rural areas
c) Airborne chemicals from industrial operations
d) Residual build-up of electrons in the sand cushion
Reference: API RP 651, Paragraph 5.3.6.1 ANS: D
Q24. Leakage of product from the tank bottom can cause accelerated
corrosion by creating ____.
a) Stray current corrosion
b) Corrosion cells where none existed before
c) More positively charged electrons
d) A film that would block electrical current flow
Reference: API RP 651, Paragraph 5.3.6.2 ANS: B
Q25. When a layer of crushed-limestone or clam-shell is used for the tank
cushion, why is it important to ensure the particles are fine and uniform?
a) Large particles could puncture the tank bottom
b) Differential aeration corrosion cells will cause pitting at contact areas
between the large particles and the metal
c) Large particles may allow the formation of dissolved gas pockets which
could become a hazard if hot tap work is performed on the tank bottom
d) Large particle will eventually fracture and create voids in the tank cushion
Reference: API RP 651, Paragraph 5.3.7 ANS: B
Q29. During the installation of a new steel bottom over an existing steel bottom,
which has been repaired, if water or other electrolyte intrudes into the annulus,
what can happen?
a) A galvanic cell may form which will cause the new steel tank bottom to
corrode at an accelerated rate
b) An electrochemical reaction may take place creating hazardous gasses
c) A galvanic cell may form which will cause the old tank bottom to corrode at an
accelerated rate
d) A galvanic cell may form which will turn the old tank bottom into an anode
Reference: API RP 651, Paragraph 5.4.3.2 ANS: A
Q30. With the installation of _____ in a diked area prior to new tank construction,
most cathodic protection systems are rendered ineffective.
a) A secondary containment system utilizing a perforated impervious membrane
b) A secondary containment system utilizing an impervious membrane
c) A secondary containment system utilizing a metallic impregnated screen
membrane
d) A secondary containment system utilizing a non-impervious membrane
Reference: API RP 651, Paragraph 5.4.3.3 ANS: B
Q4. Where on the galvanic series is clean and shiny mild steel?
a) Clean and shiny mild steel has a value of 1.1 volts
b) Clean and shiny mild steel has a value of 1.0 volts
c) Clean and shiny mild steel has a value of 0.8 volts
d) Clean and shiny mild steel has a value of 0.5 to -0.8 volts (v.s CSE)
Reference: API-651, Paragraph 6.2.1 and Table 3 ANS:D
Q5. The most common metals used as galvanic anodes in soil are:
a) Lead and copper
b) Aluminum alloy (5% zinc) and Mild steel (clean and shiny)
c) Magnesium and zinc
d) Mild steel in concrete and cast iron
Reference: API-651, Paragraph 6.2.1 ANS: C
Q10. Impressed current anodes used in soil are not made of:
a) Graphite
b) High silicon cast iron
c) Zinc
d) Mixed metal oxides on titanium
Reference: API-651, Paragraph 6.3.5 ANS: C
Q11. Impressed current anodes may be installed underneath the tank.
a) True
b) False
Reference: API-651, Paragraph 6.3.5 ANS: A
Q11. Monitoring the actual structure-to-soil potential under the tank should be
considered. How can this be accomplished?
a) Permanently installed reference electrode or by burying reference
electrode every 20 feet around the perimeter of the tank
b) Inserting a reference electrode under the tank through a perforated tube or
attaching a reference electrode to the tank shell
c) Permanently installed reference electrode or by inserting a reference
electrode under the tank through a perforated tube
d) Permanently installed bare copper wire connected to the tank bottom or by
inserting a reference electrode under the tank through a perforated tube
Reference: API-651, Paragraph 8.3.4 ANS: C
Q6. Tank bottoms shall be examined for evidence of corrosion at least once
each year by conducting an internal inspection and taking coupon cutouts.
a) True
b) False
Reference: API-651, Paragraph 11.3.3.4 ANS: B
Q7. Records to demonstrate the need for corrosion control measures should
be retained for
a) 5 years
b) 10 years
c) 15 years
d) As long as the facility remains in service
Reference: API-651, Paragraph 11.4.7 ANS: D
API651:11.4.7
Records sufficient to demonstrate the need for corrosion control measures
should be retained as long as the facility involved remains in service.
Records related to the effectiveness of cathodic protection should be
retained for a period of five years unless a shorter period is specifically
allowed by regulation.
ANS: ANS:
ANS: ANS:
Good Luck!
Good Luck!