Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Molecular
Compounds
2.2
Ch. 3
bond
valence shell
valence electron
ion
Ch. 3
Chemical Bonding
VOCABULARY
Ch. 3
chemical bonds
ionic compounds
ionic bonding
covalent
molecular compounds
covalent bonding
molecule
diatomic molecules
phases
states
Chemical Bonding
VOCABULARY
chemical bonds
ionic compounds
ionic bonding
covalent
covalent bonding
molecular compounds
molecule
diatomic molecules
phases
states
Ch. 3
Chemical Bonding
Ionic compounds separate into ions when
dissolved in water and can conduct electricity,
while covalent compounds do not separate into
ions, nor do they conduct electricity.
VOCABULARY
chemical bonds
ionic compounds
ionic bonding
covalent
molecular compounds
covalent bonding
molecule
diatomic molecules
phases
states
Ch. 3
Ionic bonds
Formed between cations (+ ions) and anions (- ions)
This is a metal (+) and a non-metal (-)
For example, lithium and oxygen form an ionic bond in the
compound Li2O
Ch. 3
Ch. 3
Ch. 3
Salt, NaCl
Ch. 3
Magnesium oxide is
used as a drying agent.
Magnesium is Mg2+
phosphorous is P3
Lowest common multiple of 2 and 3 is 6
3 Mg2+ ions and 2 P3 ions
Mg3P2
oxygen is O2
1 O2 ions
fluorine is F
Polyatomic Ions
Some ions, called polyatomic ions, are made up of several atoms joined
together (ironically, joined with covalent bonds).
The whole group has a + or charge, not individual atoms.
What is the formula of sodium sulphate?
What is the name of the compound KClO?
Na2SO4
Polyatomic Ions
Water, H2O
+
Hydrogen
Ch. 3
Hydrogen
monofluoride
Fluorine
Ch. 3
2.
3.
Forming Compounds
When two atoms get close together, their valence electrons interact.
If the valence electrons can combine to form a low-energy bond, a compound is
formed.
Each atom in the compound attempts to have the stable number of valence
electrons as the nearest noble gas.
Metals may lose electrons and non-metals gain electrons, (ionic bond) OR
Atoms may share electrons (covalent bond)
Ionic bonds form when electrons are transferred from cations to anions
Cations want to donate an electron (+) and anions want to accept more electrons
(-)
Covalent bonds form when electrons are shared between two non-metals
Electrons stay with their atom, but overlap with other shells
Ch. 3