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"There are times when silence speaks so much more
loudly than words of praise to only as good as belittle a
person, whose words do not express, but only put a
veneer over true feelings, which are of gratitude at this
point of time."
Introduction
They are so important in
our lives that without them
even the electric bells fitted
in our homes wont work.
PRINCIPLE
It is based on the principle of mutual induction that
is if a varying current is set-up in a circuit then
induced e.m.f. is produced in the neighboring
CONTRUCTION
with each other. Note that the both the coils are
insulated from the core, the source of alternating
e.m.f is connected to p1 p2, the primary coil and a
load resistance R is connected to s1 s2, the
secondary coil through an open switch S. Thus, no
current can be drawn through the secondary coil as
long as the switch is open.
For an ideal
transformer, we assume that the resistance of the
primary & secondary windings is negligible.
Further, the energy loses due to magnetic flux and
iron core is also negligible. For operation at low
frequency, we may use a soft iron. The soft iron
core is insulating by joining thin iron strips coated
with varnish to insulate them to reduce energy
losses by eddy currents. The input circuit is called
primary and the output circuit is called secondary.
An ideal voltage step-down transformer. The secondary current arises from the
action of the secondary EMF on the (not shown) load impedance
with
primary
is
also
linked
with
the
(1)
Es = -Ns dB/dt
(2)
Es / Ep = - Ns / Np
(3)
I =E Ep / Rp
E Ep
Ip Rp
E Ep = 0 or Ep = E
Thus, back e.m.f = input e.m.f
Hence, equation (3) can be written as E s / Ep = Es /
E = output e.m.f / input e.m.f = Ns / Np = K
where K is constant, called turn or transformation
ratio.
In a step up transformer
Or
Es / Ep = Ip / Is = K
In a step up transformer
Efficiency
Energy losses
In practice, the output energy of a transformer is
always less than the input energy, because energy
losses occur due to a number of reasons as
explained below,
1. Loss of Magnetic Flux: The coupling between
the coils is seldom perfect. So, whole of the
USES OF TRANSFORMER
A transformer is used in almost all a.c. operations
In
voltage
regulator
for
T.V.,
refrigerator,
is
used
for
the
A Big Transformer
Bibliography
The data used in this project was taken from the
following sources:
www.google.com
www.wikipedia.com
www.scribd.com
The End